=Jesheboam=, one of David’s warriors, =1=, 116.
=Jeshurun, Isaac=, falsely charged with child murder, =5=, 42.
=Jesiba de los Pintos=, Jewish school at Rotterdam, =4=, 685.
=Jesirat-ul-Amar=, the Jews of, well treated by Zenki, =3=, 429.
=Jesse=, father of David, =1=, 96.
=Jesse, Henry=, enthusiast for Israel’s restoration, =5=, 24, 35.
=Jessel, Sir George=, Master of the Rolls, =5=, 699.
=Jesuits=, the, order of, authorized by Paul III, =4=, 524.
welcomed in Portugal, =4=, 525.
influence of, =4=, 650.
instigate persecutions of the Jews in Poland, =5=, 1.
alienate the Cossacks, =5=, 2.
hold intercourse with Eibeschütz, =5=, 250.
=Jesurun, David=, poet, escapes from the Inquisition to Amsterdam,
=4=, 669.
=Jesurun, Rohel= (Paul de Pina), Marrano poet, leans towards
Christianity, =4=, 669.
returns to Judaism, =4=, 670.
festival songs by, =4=, 678-9.
=Jesus of Nazareth= (Galilee), birthplace and family of, =2=, 148-9.
moral purity of, =2=, 149.
religiousness of, =2=, 149-50.
Hillel the model of, =2=, 149-50.
disciple of John the Baptist, =2=, 150.
doctrines of, similar to Essenism, =2=, 150-1.
addresses himself to the lowest classes, =2=, 152.
unsuccessful in Nazareth, =2=, 153.
disciples of, =2=, 153, 157-8.
teachings of, =2=, 154-5.
relation of, to Judaism, =2=, 155-6.
merit of, =2=, 156.
miracles of, =2=, 156-7.
in the towns of Galilee, =2=, 157.
declares himself the Messiah, =2=, 158.
calls himself the “son of man,” =2=, 158-9.
public sentiment against, =2=, 159-60.
followers of, in Bethany, =2=, 160.
in the Temple, =2=, 161.
reception of, in Jerusalem, =2=, 161-2.
betrayed by Judas Iscariot, =2=, 163.
trial of, =2=, 163-6.
declared guilty of blasphemy by the Synhedrion, =2=, 164.
execution of, according to the Roman law, =2=, 164-5.
not mentioned by Judæan historians, =2=, 166.
followers of, after his death, =2=, 166.
resurrection of, =2=, 168.
attitude of the disciples of, to Judaism, =2=, 168.
denied by Simon Peter, =2=, 169.
disciples of, claim miraculous power, =2=, 169-70.
compared with Philo, =2=, 214.
the Messianic character of, held to have annulled the Law, =2=, 221.
followers of, who cling to the Law, not molested, =2=, 222.
the resurrection of, and the apostle Paul, =2=, 225-6.
according to Paul, sets aside the Law, =2=, 230.
appeals to the Jewish peasants, =2=, 364.
as regarded by the Jewish Christians, =2=, 366, 367.
as regarded by the Pagan Christians, =2=, 367.
gradually endowed with divine attributes by the Jewish Christians,
=2=, 370.
said to have been cursed by the Jews three times daily, =2=, 380;
=5=, 185-6.
denial of, demanded of Christians by Bar-Cochba, =2=, 412.
spread of the worship of, counteracted by the Synhedrion, =2=, 413.
called “Lord,” =2=, 413.
Julian the Apostate’s opinion of, =2=, 596.
as viewed by Anan ben David, =3=, 133-4.
in the Talmud, =3=, 574, 577, 578.
Messianic character of, confirmed by the Bible and Talmud according
to Pablo Christiani, =3=, 598, 599.
in the Biblical and rabbinical writings, according to Raymund
Martin, =3=, 622.
the advent of, discussed by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 188.
proved the Messiah from the Talmud by Joseph Lorqui, =4=, 207,
208-9, 211, 212.
dogma of the divinity of, found in the Kabbala, =4=, 292.
said to be alluded to, in the Alenu prayer, =5=, 185.
=Jesus ben Sapphia=, Zealot leader in Tiberias, =2=, 274.
sets fire to a palace in Bethmaon, =2=, 279.
leader of discontented Galileans, =2=, 280.
=Jesus, son of Pantheras=, the Jesus of the Talmud, according to
Yechiel of Paris, =3=, 577.
=Jesus Sirach= (200-176), describes Simon the Just in Ecclesiasticus,
=1=, 421-2.
the book of proverbs by, =1=, 439-41.
defends social pleasures, =1=, 439.
recommends the employment of medical skill, =1=, 439-40.
condemns the Hellenists, =1=, 440-1.
urges obedience to the Law, =1=, 440.
reviews Jewish history, =1=, 440-1.
the proverbs of, considered apocryphal, =2=, 344.
the book of, translated into Greek, =2=, 359.
=Jethro=, father-in-law of Moses, =1=, 26.
=Jew badges=, decreed by Omar I, =3=, 88.
decreed by Haroun Alrashid, =3=, 145.
introduced by Al-Mutavakkil, =3=, 176-7.
ordained by Hakim, =3=, 247-8.
introduced by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 511-12.
supposed to prevent intermarriages, =3=, 511.
decreed by Almohade princes, =3=, 511-12.
the use of, spreads through Europe, =3=, 512.
effect of, on the wearers, =3=, 512-13.
the Jews struggle against, =3=, 513.
enforced in Spain, =3=, 513.
not enforced in southern France and Aragon, =3=, 514-15.
worn by the Jews of England, =3=, 515.
decreed by the Council of Oxford, =3=, 516.
introduced into Naples and Sicily, =3=, 518.
enforced by the Council of Narbonne, =3=, 518.
introduced into Hungary, =3=, 521.
enforced by Frederick II in Sicily and Naples, =3=, 569.
enforced by the Council of Béziers, =3=, 582.
insisted on in England under Henry III, =3=, 590.
ordained in the code of Alfonso X, =3=, 595.
enforced by the Council of Vienna, =3=, 612.
enforced by Louis IX of France, =3=, 612.
abrogated at the instance of the Jews of southern France, =3=, 612.
re-introduced into France by Philip III, =3=, 613.
decreed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
not used in Portugal, =3=, 618.
decreed in England by the Statute of Judaism, =3=, 642.
insisted on in Montpellier, =4=, 54.
in France under John the Good, =4=, 131, 133.
decreed for the Jews of Castile under Henry II, =4=, 139.
not worn by the Vesoul family, =4=, 150.
insisted upon in Castile under Juan II, =4=, 203.
enjoined by Benedict XIII’s bull, =4=, 216.
decreed by the Council of Basle, =4=, 245.
decreed by Eugenius IV, =4=, 250.
enforced by Nicholas de Cusa, =4=, 255.
enforced in Naples, =4=, 258.
decreed by Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 278.
worn in Morocco, =4=, 389.
for the Portuguese Marranos under João III, =4=, 519.
ordered for the Jews of Bohemia, =4=, 545.
enforced by Paul IV, =4=, 566.
enforced by Pius V, =4=, 590.
worn by the Frankfort Jews, =4=, 695.
Jews released from wearing, in Vienna, =4=, 702.
proposed by Rühs, =5=, 517.
=Jew quarters.= _See_ Ghetto; Jew’s quarter, the.
“=Jew-roaster=,” name assumed by German families, =3=, 611.
=Jew streets=, in Austria, =5=, 523.
_See_ Jew’s quarter, the.
=Jewish Christians=, the, antagonized by Tarphon of Lydda, =2=, 357.
condemned by Samuel the Younger, =2=, 358.
observe the Law, =2=, 365-6.
view of Jesus held by, =2=, 366.
called Ebionites, =2=, 366.
as propagandists, =2=, 366.
differ from Pagan Christians, =2=, 367.
hate Paul, =2=, 367, 368.
views of, in the evangels, =2=, 369.
hate Rome, =2=, 369.
relation of, to the Jews, =2=, 369-70.
and the Tanaites, =2=, 370.
gradually endow Jesus with divine attributes, =2=, 370.
sects of, =2=, 370.
separate from the Jews, =2=, 370-2, 431.
merge into the Pagan Christians, =2=, 373.
accused of damaging the Jews with the Roman authorities, =2=, 378.
discussed by the Synhedrion, =2=, 379-80.
inimically treated by Bar-Cochba, =2=, 412.
spy upon the Jews under Hadrian, =2=, 425.
persecuted by Hadrian, =2=, 430-1.
the Mishna not hostile to, =2=, 476.
_See also_ Ebionites, the; Judæan Christians, the; Nazarenes, the.
=Jewish Church=, the German, the founding of, =5=, 682, 686.
and Sachs, =5=, 691.
=Jewish converts.= _See_ Apostates.
“=Jewish Curiosities=,” by Schudt, =5=, 549.
=Jewish history.= _See under_ History.
“=Jewish Letters=,” to Voltaire, by a priest, =5=, 346-7.
=Jewish Literature.= _See under_ Literature.
=Jewish state=, the, restored under Bar-Cochba, =2=, 412.
the restoration of, conditioned on the appearance of the
Messiah, =2=, 600.
Spinoza on, =5=, 103-7.
=Jews=, the, libeled by Manetho, =1=, 511.
kindly treated by Vespasian and Titus, =2=, 331.
the solidarity of, =2=, 367-8; =5=, 632-3.
relation of, to the Jewish Christians, =2=, 369-70.
breach between, and the Jewish Christians, =2=, 370-2.
apostasy among, in the early Christian centuries, =2=, 377.
said to have cursed Jesus three times daily, =2=, 380; =5=, 185-6.
tamper with the Septuagint, =2=, 386.
use Akylas’ translation of Scripture, =2=, 387.
extermination of, decreed by Rome, =2=, 387.
and the Flavian house, =2=, 388.
suffering of, under Domitian, =2=, 388-9.
hate Josephus, =2=, 389, 391.
kindly treated by Nerva, =2=, 391-2.
oppose Trajan, =2=, 393-4.
in rebellion against Hadrian, =2=, 399-401.
attempt the restoration of the Temple, =2=, 401-3.
peaceable disposition of, described by Hadrian, =2=, 407.
outraged by the rebuilding of Jerusalem as a pagan city, =2=, 407.
prepare for a revolt against Hadrian, =2=, 408.
join the standard of Bar-Cochba, =2=, 410.
obtain possession of Jerusalem under Bar-Cochba, =2=, 411.
the Romans kindly treated by, =2=, 411-12.
heavily taxed by Hadrian, =2=, 420.
spied upon by renegades and Jewish Christians, =2=, 425-6.
forbidden to enter Jerusalem, =2=, 433, 564; =3=, 23, 87.
persecuted under Antoninus Pius, =2=, 446.
persecuted under Verus Commodus, =2=, 447.
enmity between, and the Samaritans, =2=, 457-8, 534.
unkindly treated by Marcus Aurelius, =2=, 463.
cruelly treated by Commodus and Niger, =2=, 463-4.
under Caracalla, =2=, 468-9.
under Elegabalus, =2=, 469-70.
kindly treated by Alexander Severus, =2=, 481-2, 482-3.
permitted to enter Jerusalem, =2=, 482.
consulted by Origen on Bible exegesis, =2=, 488.
hostile to Zenobia, =2=, 529-30.
Diocletian tolerant to, =2=, 533.
weakened by hostility to the Samaritans, =2=, 535.
included in Constantine’s act of toleration, =2=, 561.
dignitaries of, exempt from onerous civic duties, =2=, 561.
aspersed by Church dignitaries under Constantine, =2=, 562.
forbidden to make converts, =2=, 562, 564.
privileges of, abolished by Constantine, =2=, 563.
protected by Constantine against converts, =2=, 564.
hostility to, shown by Constantine, =2=, 566-7.
regarded as atheists under Constantine, =2=, 572.
rescued from oppression by Julian, =2=, 572.
oppressed by Shabur II, =2=, 591.
benevolence of, admired by Julian, =2=, 596-7.
not interested in the rebuilding of the Temple by Julian,
=2=, 599-600.
toleration of, under Valentinian I and Valens, =2=, 603.
antagonized by Ambrosius and Chrysostom, =2=, 613-14.
mock at the Christians, =2=, 620-1.
forbidden to teach Christians Hebrew, =2=, 624.
superiority of, in Scripture studies, =2=, 624.
hated by Jerome and Augustine, =2=, 625.
preserved by the Talmud, =2=, 635.
competent witnesses only in their own cases under Justinian I,
=3=, 12-13.
treated kindly by the popes, =3=, 25.
well treated in Arian countries, =3=, 26.
and the fall of Rome, =3=, 27-8.
suffer persecution from the German tribes, =3=, 28.
Isidore of Seville writes against, =3=, 50.
antagonized by Mahomet, =3=, 75-6.
Mahomet’s revelations against, =3=, 75, 78.
hostility to, in the Koran, =3=, 84.
restrictions against, in the covenant of Omar, =3=, 87-8.
freer in Islam than in Christian lands, =3=, 88.
reverence of, for Jewish Babylonia, =3=, 100-1.
of Mahometan countries speak Arabic, =3=, 110-11.
corrupt language of, in the seventh and eighth centuries, =3=, 111.
make scientific literature accessible to the Arabs, =3=, 111.
in the eighth century control commerce, =3=, 142-3.
under the Merovingian kings, =3=, 143.
considered the wards of the emperor by Louis the Pious, =3=, 170.
persecutions of, in the eleventh century, =3=, 245-8.
not permitted to hold office in Christian countries, =3=, 293-4.
during the first crusade, =3=, 298-305.
Jehuda Halevi’s view of the suffering of, =3=, 335-6.
superiority of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 347.
treatment of, in Christian and Mahometan countries, =3=, 348.
persecutions of, increase in the twelfth century, =3=, 348-9.
forbidden by a rabbinical synod to purchase Church appurtenances,
=3=, 377.
the morality of, described by Joseph Kimchi, =3=, 393.
forbidden to keep Christian domestics, =3=, 400.
banished from the Isle de France, =3=, 402-3.
debts owing to, repudiated during the third crusade, =3=, 405.
not allowed to live in Mecca and Medinah, =3=, 436.
allowed by Saladin to settle in Jerusalem, =3=, 474.
the position of, affected by the death of Maimonides and the
ascendancy of the papacy, =3=, 494.
protected against the crusaders by Innocent III, =3=, 496-7.
denounced by Innocent III, =3=, 498-501.
decrees against, by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 510-11.
isolated in speech and manners by the Jew badge, =3=, 512-13.
mission of, in the Kabbalistic system, =3=, 553.
persecutions of, after the thirteenth century, =3=, 563-4, 610-11.
scholarliness of, =3=, 565.
absorbed in the study of the Talmud in the thirteenth century,
=3=, 571-2.
banished from the hereditary dominions of Louis IX, =3=, 585-6.
exonerated from the blood accusation by Innocent IV, =3=, 635.
protected against forced baptism by Gregory X, =3=, 635.
banished from England, =3=, 645.
permitted in Palestine under the Egyptian Sultans, =4=, 73.
charged with causing the Black Death, =4=, 101.
desolation of, after the Black Death, =4=, 127.
indispensable to the Christians in the fourteenth century,
=4=, 127-8.
restrictions laid upon, by Benedict XIII’s bull, =4=, 215-16.
and the Hussite war, =4=, 222.
accused of supplying Hussites with money, =4=, 222.
appeal to Martin V, =4=, 226.
feared by the papacy in the fifteenth century, =4=, 254.
well received in Italy in the fifteenth century, =4=, 286.
jeopardized by the blood accusation against the Jews of
Trent, =4=, 299.
suffering of, attributed to heresy, =4=, 343.
divided into German speaking and Spanish speaking Jews, =4=, 421.
rights of, advocated by Reuchlin, =4=, 443-4.
indictment of, proposed by Hoogstraten, =4=, 444.
intercourse with, defended by Reuchlin, =4=, 447-8.
in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461.
Luther on, =4=, 470.
affected by the Protestant Reformation, =4=, 471.
morality of, in the Middle Ages, =4=, 477.
lack spirituality, =4=, 477-8.
split up into national groups, =4=, 478.
narrow-mindedness of, in the Middle Ages, =4=, 479.
suffer through the Reformation, =4=, 540.
hatred of, fed by the Unitarian tendencies of the Reformation, =4=,
542.
attacked by Eck and Luther, =4=, 546-52.
restrictions against, under Pius V, =4=, 590.
persecution of, during the Catholic reaction, =4=, 652.
prospects of the re-settlement of, in England, =4=, 18-19.
_See_ England.
prejudices against, in England, =5=, 19.
favorably regarded by Christian visionaries, =5=, 23.
enthusiasts for the restoration of, =5=, 24-5.
favorably regarded by the Puritans, =5=, 27.
defended by Richard Simon, =5=, 181.
attacked by Christian Hebraists, =5=, 184.
defended by Surenhuysius, =5=, 194.
degradation of, in the seventeenth century, =5=, 199-200, 204-5.
poverty of, =5=, 205-6.
speak a jargon in the eighteenth century, =5=, 300.
artificial studies of, =5=, 300-1.
neglect the Bible, =5=, 328.
slandered by Voltaire, =5=, 340.
condition of, described by Dohm, =5=, 353.
emancipated in the wake of French victories, =5=, 459. _See_
Emancipation.
prejudices of Goethe against, =5=, 461.
Fichte on, =5=, 461-3.
and Napoleon, =5=, 474, 481.
maligned by Bonald, =5=, 478.
the emancipation of, dependent on that of the French Jews, =5=, 480.
in the French wars, =5=, 511.
excluded from Tyrol, =5=, 523.
Heine on, =5=, 547-8, 553-5.
debt of, to Börne and Heine, =5=, 556.
rapid advance of, =5=, 557.
historical mission of, =5=, 576, 718-19.
self-respect of, =5=, 590.
effect of the July revolution on, =5=, 596-8.
criticised by Riesser, =5=, 599-600.
contrasted with the Greeks, =5=, 706-8.
the religion of, =5=, 709.
faults of, =5=, 713-14.
literature of, =5=, 714.
_See also_ Israelites, the; Judæans, the; _and under the various
countries, cities, etc._
“=Jews=, The,” by Lessing, =5=, 297, 320, 360.
“=Jews=, The, and their Just Claims on the Christian States,” by
August Krämer, =5=, 522.
=Jews, the, conversion of.= _See under_ Conversion.
=Jews, the, emancipation of.= _See under_ Emancipation.
=Jew’s quarter=, the, in Rome, =2=, 68.
in Constantinople, =3=, 26, 425.
in Speyer, =3=, 298.
at Palermo, =3=, 567.
in Seville, =3=, 593.
of Toledo, =4=, 118.
of Seville, mobbed, =4=, 169.
in Palma, =4=, 171.
Castilian Jews forced into, =4=, 203.
decreed by the Council of Basle, =4=, 245.
decreed by Eugenius IV, =4=, 250.
decreed by Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 278.
enforced by the cortes of Toledo, =4=, 335.
first, in Italy, =4=, 408.
enforced by Paul IV, =4=, 566.
in Vienna, =4=, 702; =5=, 172.
in Alsace and Metz, =5=, 348.
of Frankfort destroyed, =5=, 503-4.
Roman Jews return to, =5=, 518.
_See also_ Ghetto; Jew street, the; Juderia.
=Jews, secret.= _See_ Christians, Judaizing; Marranos, the.
=Jezaniah=, Judæan emigrant to Egypt, =1=, 324.
=Jezdijird= (400-420), Sassanian king, friendly to the Jews,
=2=, 609-10.
=Jezdijird III= (440-457), Sassanian king, persecutes the Jews,
=2=, 627-8.
=Jezebel=, daughter of Ethbaal, marries Ahab, =1=, 194.
character of, =1=, 197.
builds a temple to Baal, =1=, 197.
persecutes Elijah’s disciples, =1=, 201.
has Naboth killed, =1=, 202.
threatens Elijah, =1=, 204.
end of, =1=, 211.
=Jezreel=, son of Hosea, =1=, 240.
=Jezreel=, the plain of, in Canaan, =1=, 36.
description of, =1=, 44.
Philistines encamp in, =1=, 102.
Ahab’s winter palace in, =1=, 201-2.
towns in, restored to Judæa, =2=, 76.
=Jikatilla.= _See_ Joseph ben Abraham Jikatilla.
=Joab=, warrior, joins David, =1=, 100.
jealous of Abner, =1=, 109.
ends the civil war, =1=, 110.
kills Abner, =1=, 111.
receives a house at Jerusalem, =1=, 119.
field officer under David, =1=, 122.
conducts the Ammonite war, =1=, 126-7, 128-9.
captures the Water-Town of Rabbath Ammon, =1=, 128.
faith of, =1=, 130.
ordered to expose Uriah the Hittite, =1=, 132.
partisan of Absalom, =1=, 135.
employs the woman of Tekoah to plead for Absalom, =1=, 135-6.
takes up a military census, =1=, 137.
faithful to David in the civil war with Absalom, =1=, 141.
commander against Absalom at Mahanaim, =1=, 144.
reproaches David for long mourning over Absalom, =1=, 145.
replaced by Amasa, =1=, 148.
victorious over Sheba, =1=, 149-50.
supporter of Adonijah, =1=, 152.
killed by Benaiah, =1=, 160.
family of, forms a league in Babylon, =1=, 330.
favorite character of the Puritans, =5=, 26.
=Joachim I=, elector of Brandenburg, has thirty Jews burnt, =4=, 440.
=Joachim II=, elector of Brandenburg, alleged to have been poisoned
by a Jew, =4=, 652; =5=, 188.
=Joah=, chancellor, under Josiah, =1=, 292.
=Joan=, pope, satire on, =3=, 169.
=Joanna=, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, proposed as wife to
Manoel of Portugal, =4=, 373.
=Joanna=, queen of Naples, appoints John of Capistrano inquisitor of
the Jews, =4=, 258.
=João I=, of Portugal, Grand Master of Avis, rival of Leonora, =4=,
160.
regent of Portugal, =4=, 161.
popularity of, as king, =4=, 173.
promotes conquests on the coast of Africa, =4=, 217-18.
refuses assistance to Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 218.
=João II= (1481-1495), of Portugal, character of, =4=, 340.
executes the Duke of Braganza, =4=, 341.
confiscates the property of Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 341.
negotiations with, for the settlement of the Spanish Jews in
Portugal, =4=, 352.
baptizes the son of Judah Leon Abrabanel, =4=, 361.
permits Spanish exiles to settle in Portugal, =4=, 365-6.
summons an astronomical congress, =4=, 367.
delivers Marranos to the Inquisition, =4=, 368.
insists upon the Spanish exiles’ leaving Portugal at the appointed
time, =4=, 368-9.
sells Spanish exiles as slaves, =4=, 370-1.
sends the children of Spanish exiles to San Thomas, =4=, 371.
death of, =4=, 371.
cause of the misfortunes of, =4=, 373.
=João III= (1522-1557), of Portugal, hostile to the Marranos,
=4=, 488-90.
resolves to introduce the Inquisition, =4=, 490.
gives up the plan of establishing the Inquisition, =4=, 490-1.
receives David Reubeni, =4=, 493, 498.
treats the Marranos more kindly, =4=, 493-4.
withdraws his favor from David Reubeni, =4=, 498-9.
urged to introduce the Inquisition, =4=, 499-500.
cupidity of, censured by Pucci, =4=, 505.
chooses Duarte de Paz for a secret mission, =4=, 512.
tries to influence Paul III in favor of the Inquisition, =4=, 515.
disobeys the papal injunction to absolve the Marranos, =4=, 516.
rigor of, towards the Marranos, =4=, 518-19.
enforces the rules of the Inquisition, =4=, 521.
forbids emigration, =4=, 524.
requested by the pope to treat the Marranos mildly, =4=, 527.
tries to make good Catholics of the Marranos, =4=, 528.
=Joaser=, coadjutor of Josephus in Galilee, =2=, 278, 279.
=Joaser=, son of Simon b. Boëthus, high priest, the deposition of,
demanded, =2=, 121.
deposed, =2=, 127.
again installed, =2=, 127.
defends the Roman census, =2=, 134.
deposed by Quirinius, =2=, 135.
=Joash=, king of Israel. _See_ Jehoash.
=Joash=, king of Judah, escapes the slaughter of Athaliah, =1=, 213.
raised in the Temple, =1=, 215-16.
anointed king, =1=, 216.
repairs the Temple, =1=, 218-19.
stones the high priest Zachariah, =1=, 220.
yields to Hazael, =1=, 221.
killed, =1=, 221.
“=Job=,” poem by Jacob Israel Belmonte, =4=, 665.
=Job, the Book of=, composed during the captivity, =1=, 341-2.
expounded by Simon ben Lakish, =2=, 496-7.
commentary on, by Rashi, =3=, 346.
paraphrased by Zarak Barfat, =4=, 140.
=Joceus=, a wealthy Jew of York, takes refuge in the citadel, =3=,
413.
end of, =3=, 415.
=Joceus=, chief rabbi of England, =3=, 588.
=Jochai=, a friend of the Romans, =2=, 440.
=Jochanan=, secretary to Gamaliel I, =2=, 192.
=Jochanan of Alexandria=, the sandal maker, disciple of Akiba, =2=,
433.
=Jochanan bar Moryah=, Amora, =2=, 609.
=Jochanan bar Napacha= (199-279), chief of the Amoraim, =2=, 479.
and Judah II, =2=, 485, 493, 494.
description of the beauty of, =2=, 492-3.
method of, =2=, 493.
at Tiberias, =2=, 493-4.
leniency of, =2=, 494.
explains the prophecy of Daniel, =2=, 494-5.
morality of, =2=, 495.
misfortunes of, =2=, 495.
opponent of, =2=, 495, 497.
restores order in southern Judæa, =2=, 498.
on Abba Areka, =2=, 514.
decisions of, =2=, 515.
and Mar-Samuel, =2=, 522-3.
alarm of, on account of the Babylonian Jews, =2=, 525.
feeling of, against Palmyra, =2=, 529, 530.
disciples of, =2=, 531.
decision of, with regard to the new-moon, =2=, 532.
view of, on the Samaritans, =2=, 534.
permits Jewish women to acquire Greek culture, =2=, 537.
quoted by Abbahu, =2=, 537.
=Jochanan ben Gudgada=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
=Jochanan ben Mattathiah Provenci=, elected chief rabbi of
France, =4=, 152.
relieved of his office by Isaiah ben Abba-Mari, =4=, 152, 162.
appeals to Spanish authorities, =4=, 153.
=Jochanan ben Nuri=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
upholds the ordinances of Gamaliel II, =2=, 405.
=Jochanan ben Torta=, opposes Akiba’s Messianic hopes, =2=, 410.
=Jochanan ben Zakkai=, disciple of Hillel, =2=, 131.
abolishes the ritual for cases of suspected adultery, =2=, 238.
abrogates the sin offering for murders, =2=, 239.
leader of the faithful Judæans, =2=, 240.
vice-president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 240.
importance of, =2=, 322-3.
member of the Peace party, =2=, 323.
takes refuge in the camp of Titus, =2=, 323-4.
receives permission to establish a school at Jamnia, =2=, 324.
mourns for the Temple, =2=, 324.
forms a Synhedrion at Jamnia, =2=, 325.
changes made by, =2=, 326.
disciples of, =2=, 326.
proficient in the oral Law, =2=, 328.
lectures by, =2=, 328-9.
on the advantages of peace, =2=, 329.
intercourse of, with pagans, =2=, 329, 331.
gentle character of, =2=, 331-2.
description of Israel in mourning by, =2=, 332.
compared with Jeremiah and Zerubbabel, =2=, 333.
death of, =2=, 333.
maxim of, with regard to the study of the Law, =2=, 338-9.
on Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, =2=, 346.
=Jochanan Aleman.= _See_ Aleman.
=Jochanan.= _See also_ Johanan; John; Jonathan.
=Joel=, prophet, exhortations of, under Uzziah, =1=, 230.
under Jeroboam II, =1=, 237-40.
=Joel=, son of Samuel, acts as judge in Beersheba, =1=, 79.
=Joel, Emanuel=, founder of the Breslau seminary, =5=, 700.