commits suicide, =3=, 411.
=Jacob de Perpignan=, permitted to remain in Bordeaux, =5=, 344.
=Jacob of Segovia=, Kabbalist, =4=, 2.
=Jacob ben Abba Mari ben Simon Anatoli= (1200-1250), Maimunist, at
the court of Frederick II, =3=, 566.
as a translator, =3=, 566, 567.
public discourses of, =3=, 566.
influences Italian Jewish culture, =3=, 629.
attacked by the anti-Maimunists, =4=, 32, 39, 40, 41.
=Jacob ben Asheri= (Baal ha-Turim, 1280-1340), Talmudist, piety of,
=4=, 87-8.
poverty and disinterestedness of, =4=, 88.
religious code of, =4=, 88-90, 537, 539.
_See also_ Turim.
=Jacob ben Eleazar=, messenger to the Chazars, =3=, 220.
=Jacob ben Machir Tibbon= (Profiat, 1236-1312), scientist,
attainments of, =4=, 30-1.
chief of the enlightened party, =4=, 31.
appeals to Solomon ben Adret, =4=, 33.
excommunicates the opponents of science, =4=, 40-2.
=Jacob ben Meshullam=, the Nazarite, first promoter of the
Kabbala, =3=, 396.
=Jacob ben Moses Mölin Halevi= (Maharil, 1365-1427), compiles the
customs of various communities, =4=, 135.
orders a fast during the Hussite wars, =4=, 225-6.
rigid orthodoxy of, =4=, 227.
=Jacob ben Nathaniel Ibn-Alfayumi=, Talmudist of Yemen, =3=, 436.
appeals to Maimonides, =3=, 462, 464.
=Jacob ben Natronaï=, Gaon of Sora, =3=, 184, 185, 186.
=Jacob ben Nissim Ibn-Shahin=, disciple of Chushiel, Talmudist, =3=,
211.
elicits Sherira’s “Letter,” =3=, 233.
disciple of, =3=, 252.
=Jacob ben Samuel=, disciple of Saadiah, defends him, =3=, 204.
Karaite reply to, =3=, 204-5, 206.
=Jacob ben Sheshet Gerundi= (1243-1246), Kabbalist, =3=, 556.
=Jacob ben Sosa=, Idumæan leader, helps the Zealots, =2=, 295, 301.
=Jacob ben Yechiel Loans=, physician to Emperor Frederick
III, =4=, 413.
favored by Maximilian I, =4=, 414.
teacher of Reuchlin, =4=, 433.
=Jacob Ibn-Chabib=, scholar, =4=, 405.
=Jacob Ibn-Ezra=, father of the poet Moses, official under
Habus, =3=, 319.
=Jacob Ibn-Jau=, supports Joseph Ibn-Abitur, =3=, 238, 240.
chief judge of the Andalusian Jews, =3=, 239.
loses his power, =3=, 240-1.
death of, =3=, 241.
=Jacob Ibn-Nuñez=, physician to Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 275.
=Jacob, son of Judas the Galilean=, insurrectionary leader,
crucified, =2=, 199.
=Jacob, son of Zebedee=, disciple of Jesus, =2=, 153.
=Jacob Abbassi=, translator of Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, =4=,
60.
=Jacob Abi-Ayub=, physician, executed on a charge of murder, =4=, 553.
=Jacob Almansur=, Almohade leader, at war with Alfonso VIII,
=3=, 386-7.
=Jacob Berab= (1474-1541), Spanish exile, rabbi of Fez, =4=, 390.
in Egypt, =4=, 393.
Talmudist, =4=, 418.
tries to re-introduce the Semichah, =4=, 531-2.
and Levi ben Chabib, =4=, 533-4, 536.
reason adduced by, for the revival of ordination, =4=, 535.
forced to leave Palestine, =4=, 535.
ordains four Talmudists, =4=, 535-6.
death of, =4=, 536.
=Jacob Emden.= _See_ Emden, Jacob.
=Jacob Jehuda Leon.= _See_ Leon.
=Jacob Joshua Falk.= _See_ Falk, Jacob Joshua.
=Jacob Mantin.= _See_ Mantin, Jacob.
=Jacob Pascate=, supposed well poisoner, =4=, 102.
=Jacob Perpignano= (1170), head of the Marseilles Jewish community,
=3=, 400.
=Jacob Polak= (1460-1530), Talmudist, alleged originator of the
Pilpul, =4=, 418.
=Jacob Querido=, supposed son of Sabbataï Zevi, reverenced by the
Sabbatians, =5=, 209.
declared the Messiah, =5=, 210.
profligacy of, =5=, 210.
accepts Islam, =5=, 211.
death of, =5=, 211.
son of, =5=, 211.
prayers addressed to, =5=, 274.
=Jacob Tam= of Rameru (1100-1171), Tossafist, respected by the king
of France, =3=, 343.
grandson of Rashi, =3=, 345.
attacked by crusaders, =3=, 355.
poem by, on Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 373, 376.
character and life of, =3=, 375-6.
as a grammarian, =3=, 376.
presides over rabbinical synods, =3=, 376-8.
orders mourning for the Jews of Blois, =3=, 380-1.
death of, =3=, 381.
disciples of, in England, =3=, 409.
ancestor of the Ibn-Yachya family, =4=, 609.
=Jacob Tus=, translates the Pentateuch into Persian, =4=, 401.
=Jacob Weil.= _See_ Weil, Jacob.
=Jacobacio=, cardinal, on the commission to examine Paul III’s
Inquisition bull, =4=, 520.
=Jacobi=, accuses Lessing of Spinozism, =5=, 372.
=Jacobson, Israel= (1769-1828), procures the abolition of the poll-tax
in Brunswick Lüneburg, =5=, 467.
character of, =5=, 500-1.
commemorates the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 501.
effects consistorial organization in Westphalia, =5=, 501-2.
president of the consistory, =5=, 501, 502.
foolhardiness of, =5=, 502.
desires reforms, =5=, 502.
influence of Heine on, =5=, 546.
the reforms of, =5=, 561-2.
private synagogue of, in Berlin, =5=, 562-3.
delivers German sermons, =5=, 563.
party of, =5=, 568.
aids the Hamburg Temple, =5=, 568.
enlists the aid of Libermann, =5=, 568, 571.
disciples of the school of, =5=, 578, 595.
and Mannheimer, =5=, 580.
advises the Society for Culture, =5=, 583.
=Jacoby, Joel=, author of the “Plaints of a Jew,” =5=, 631, 632.
=Jacopo, Flavio=, poet, =4=, 610.
=Jaddua=, high priest, and Alexander the Great, =1=, 413.
=Jael=, Kenite woman, murders Sisera, =1=, 61.
=Jaen=, home of Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut’s ancestors, =3=, 216.
the Jews of, captives, =4=, 126.
Inquisition tribunals in, =4=, 325.
the Marranos of, flee, =4=, 351.
=Jafa, Mordecai.= _See_ Mordecai Jafa.
=Jaffa, Marcus Schlesinger=, only Jew permitted in Venice, =5=, 172.
=Jaffa.= _See_ Joppa.
=Jager, Johann.= _See_ Rubianus, Crotus.
=Jahaz=, the Israelites victorious at, =1=, 27.
=Jakim.= _See_ Alcimus.
=James= (Jacob), brother of Jesus, =2=, 148.
leader of the Law-abiding Nazarenes, =2=, 169, 222.
rebukes Peter, =2=, 231.
=Jamnia= (Jabne), conquered by Uzziah, =1=, 231.
occupied by Gorgias, =1=, 476.
revenue from, given to Salome, =2=, 120.
possession of the Roman emperors, =2=, 324.
school established at, =2=, 324-5, 334-5.
Simon II at, =2=, 434.
=Jamnia, the Synhedrion of.= _See_ Synhedrion, the, of Jamnia.
=Jampol=, the blood accusation at, =5=, 279.
=Jannaï=, disciple of Judah I, on the relation between the Jews and
Romans, =2=, 469.
permits the cultivation of the land in the Sabbatical year, =2=,
469.
adds supplements to the Mishna, =2=, 470.
=Jannaï=, neo-Hebraic poet, introduces rhyme, =3=, 116.
poems of, versified Agadas, =3=, 116.
disciple of, =3=, 116.
=Janow, Hirsch= (1750-1785), rabbi of Posen, opposes Mendelssohn’s
Pentateuch translation, =5=, 330.
acuteness and godliness of, =5=, 330-1.
=Japha= (Japhia), taken by Vespasian, =2=, 287.
=Japhet ben Elia=, Talmudist, =3=, 427.
=Jarmuk=, the, description of, =1=, 46.
=Jarmuth=, king of, defeated by Joshua, =1=, 34-5.
=Jaroslav, Aaron=, assists in Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation,
=5=, 334.
=Jaroslaw=, meeting place of the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 640,
644; =5=, 3.
=Jason=, brother and son of high priests, Hellenist, =1=, 435.
representative of Onias III, =1=, 439.
buys the high priesthood, =1=, 444.
introduces games and gymnasia into Judæa, =1=, 444-6.
sends ambassadors to Olympian games, =1=, 446.
deposed by Antiochus IV, =1=, 446-7.
takes refuge with Aretas, =1=, 447.
enters Jerusalem with troops, =1=, 451.
death of, =1=, 480-1.
=Jason=, son of Eleazar, Judæan envoy to Rome, =1=, 486.
=Jatape=, daughter of Samsigeramus, wife of Aristobulus, =2=, 195.
=Jayme I=, of Aragon, recommends Isaac Benveniste to the pope, =3=,
515.
exhorted not to employ Jews as diplomats, =3=, 515.
employs a Jewish physician, =3=, 536.
considers the Jews “servi cameræ,” =3=, 596-7.
under the influence of Raymond de Penyaforte, =3=, 597; =4=, 77.
invites Nachmani to a disputation, =3=, 598.
expresses admiration for Nachmani, =3=, 601.
appoints censors for the Talmud, =3=, 602-3.
tries Nachmani on the charge of blasphemy, =3=, 604.
reprimanded by Clement IV, =3=, 605.
=Jean d’Acre.= _See_ Accho.
=Jean de Vendières.= _See_ John of Gorze.
=Jebilé=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 426.
=Jebirol.= _See_ Solomon Ibn-Gebirol.
=Jebus.= _See_ Jerusalem.
=Jebusites=, the, subdivision of the Canaanites, =1=, 3.
compact of, with Judah, =1=, 38.
hold territory in the center of Palestine, =1=, 51.
barrier between Ephraim and Judah, =1=, 77.
subdued by David, =1=, 113-14.
occupy Mount Moriah, =1=, 119.
suffer under David, =1=, 131.
declared bondmen by Solomon, =1=, 163.
=Jeconiah.= _See_ Jehoiachin.
=Jedidiah=, name of Solomon, =1=, 133.
=Jeduthun=, psalmist, =1=, 79, 120-1.
=Jehoahaz=, son of Jehu, king of Israel, at war with Syria, =1=, 221.
=Jehoahaz= (Shallum), son of Josiah, king of Judah, deposed by Necho,
=1=, 298-9.
=Jehoash=, king of Judah. _See_ Joash.
=Jehoash= (Joash), son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel, defeats Ben-hadad
III, =1=, 221-2.
shows respect for the Law, =1=, 223.
reinstates the Shunamite, =1=, 223-4.
takes Amaziah of Judah prisoner, =1=, 224-5.
ransacks Jerusalem, =1=, 225.
death of, =1=, 225.
=Jehoiachin= (Jeconiah, Coniah), son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah,
opposes Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 306, 307.
practices idolatry, =1=, 306.
exiled to Babylonia, =1=, 307.
distinguished by Evil-Merodach, =1=, 331.
son of, =1=, 342.
grandson of, =1=, 351.
=Jehoiada=, high priest, loyal to the house of David, =1=, 214, 215.
anoints Joash king, =1=, 215-16.
removes Baal-worship from Jerusalem, =1=, 216-17.
raises the position of the high priest, =1=, 219-20.
death of, =1=, 220.
=Jehoiakim= (Eliakim), son of Josiah, king of Judah, pays tribute to
Necho, =1=, 299.
idolatry and immorality under, =1=, 299-300.
slays Uriah, the prophet, =1=, 301.
refuses allegiance to Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 304.
orders Jeremiah to be killed, =1=, 305.
vassal of Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 306.
rebels against Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 306.
death of, =1=, 307.
=Jehoiakim=, high priest, leader of the Judæan community after the
exile, =1=, 360, 362.
=Jehoram= (Joram), son of Ahab, king of Israel, accession
of, =1=, 207.
at war with Moab, =1=, 208-9.
at war with Hazael of Damascus, =1=, 210.
killed by Jehu, =1=, 210-11.
=Jehoram=, son of Jehoshaphat. _See_ Joram.
=Jehoshaphat=, king of Judah, ally of Ahab, =1=, 206.
at war with Ben-hadad II, =1=, 206.
at war with Mesa, =1=, 209.
death of, =1=, 209.
=Jehoshebah=, daughter of Joram of Judah, saves Joash from
Athaliah, =1=, 213.
wife of Jehoiada, raises Joash in the Temple, =1=, 215-16.
=Jehozabad=, a noble of Judah, kills Joash, =1=, 221.
anointed, =1=, 210.
kills Jehoram of Israel and Ahab’s other descendants, =1=, 211-12.
homage paid to, =1=, 212.
exterminates Baal-worship in Israel, =1=, 212.
loses territory, =1=, 220-1.
favorite character with the Puritans, =5=, 26.
=Jehuda bar Joseph Ibn-Alfachar=, bears the title prince, =3=, 385.
physician to Ferdinand III of Castile, =3=, 537.
anti-Maimunist, =3=, 540-1.
censured, =3=, 544.
=Jehuda ben Asher I= (1284-1349), Talmudist, piety of, =4=, 87-8.
rabbi of Toledo, authority of, =4=, 90.
disciple and successor of, =4=, 145.
=Jehuda ben Asher II=, great-grandson of Asheri, martyr, =4=, 170.
=Jehuda ben David Melun=, at the disputation with Donin, =3=,
576, 578.
=Jehuda ben Elia Hadassi=, Karaite writer, =3=, 362-3.
=Jehuda ben Isaac ben Sabbataï=, satirist, =3=, 559-60.
=Jehuda ben Isaac Ibn-Wakar=, treasurer to the regent of Castile, =4=,
52.
piety and severity of, =4=, 53.
=Jehuda ben Meïr= (Leon, Leontin), founder of the scientific study of
the Talmud, =3=, 242.
teacher of Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 242, 243.
=Jehuda ben Moses ben Daniel= (Leone Romano, 1292), Italian Jewish
scholar, =4=, 60, 68-9.
teacher of Robert of Naples, =4=, 68.
as translator, =4=, 69.
=Jehuda ben Nathan= (Riban), son-in-law of Rashi, Tossafist, =3=, 345.
=Jehuda ben Shamua=, petitions Turnus Rufus, =2=, 432.
=Jehuda ben Samuel Halevi.= _See_ Jehuda Halevi.
=Jehuda ben Solomon Cohen Ibn-Matka= (1247), Jewish scholar in
correspondence with Frederick II, =3=, 565-6.
=Jehuda Ibn-Abbas=, poet, =3=, 318, 426.
the son of, =3=, 442.
=Jehuda Ibn-Balam= (1070-1100), grammarian, =3=, 290.
=Jehuda Ibn-Daud= (Ibn-Zachariah Yachya Chayuj), defends Menachem ben
Saruk, =3=, 227.
recognizes the triliteral root in Hebrew, =3=, 237.
teacher of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 255.
compared with Ibn-Janach, =3=, 262.
grammatical work of, translated into Hebrew, =3=, 371.
=Jehuda Ibn-Ezra=, commander of Calatrava, protects the Jews against
the Almohades, =3=, 361-2.
steward of the imperial palace, =3=, 362.
persecutes the Karaites, =3=, 362-3.
=Jehuda Alcharisi=, on Abu Ayub, =3=, 312.
on the Jews of Barcelona, =3=, 387-8.
on Samuel ben Abraham Ibn-Chasdaï Halevi, =3=, 388.
translates Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, =3=, 492; =4=, 60.
satirist, =3=, 559.
in Immanuel Romi’s work, =4=, 67.
=Jehuda Halevi= (Abulhassan Jehuda ben Samuel Halevi, 1086-1142),
writes an elegy on Isaac Alfassi, =3=, 310, 323.
elegy by, on Solomon Ibn-Farussal, =3=, 313.
eulogizes Joseph ben Meïr Ibn-Migash, =3=, 315, 322, 323.
on Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 321.
importance of, as a poet, =3=, 321-2; =4=, 67; =5=, 112.
character of, =3=, 322.
student at Lucena, =3=, 322.
early poems of, =3=, 322.
friendship of, with Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 323.
love poems by, =3=, 323.
attainments and occupations of, =3=, 323-4.
theory of, on poetry, =3=, 324.
nature descriptions by, =3=, 325.
religious poems by, =3=, 325.
the national poetry of, =3=, 325-6, 327-8.
religious philosophical system of, =3=, 326-7, 330-6.
philosophical work by, =3=, 327-36.
on philosophy, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, =3=, 328-31.
characterizes Judaism in detail, =3=, 331-6.
compares Talmudic Judaism and Karaism, =3=, 334.
view of, on Israel’s suffering, =3=, 335-6.
view of, on the Holy Land, =3=, 336-7.
longing of, for the Holy Land, =3=, 338.
sets out for Palestine, =3=, 338-9.
journey of, through Spain, =3=, 339.
at sea, =3=, 339.
at Alexandria, =3=, 339-40.
at Cairo, =3=, 340-1.
in Jerusalem, =3=, 342.
at Tyre and Damascus, =3=, 342.
death and epitaph of, =3=, 342.
and Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 367.
philosophical work of, translated into Hebrew, =3=, 397.
in Immanuel Romi’s work, =4=, 67.
compared with Luzzatto, =5=, 233-4.
glorified by Heine, =5=, 555.
time of, described by Samuel David Luzzatto, =5=, 625.
=Jehuda Leb Krysa.= _See_ Krysa.
=Jehuda.= _See also under_ Judah; Judas.
=Jehudaï.= _See_ Judah the Blind.
=Jehudia=, Ispahan, =2=, 591.
=Jelal Addaulah=, caliph of Bagdad, executes the last Gaon and
Exilarch, =3=, 254.
=Jena=, the theological faculty of, permits Jews to live in
Hamburg, =4=, 687.
battle of, =5=, 495.
=Jenghis-Khan=, the Jews of Germany accused of aiding, =3=, 580-1.
=Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi= (950-990), Karaite, controversialist,
=3=, 205-6.
works, ability, and style of, =3=, 206.
poetry of, =3=, 223.
=Jephthah=, judge, defeats the Ammonites, =1=, 64-5.
humbles the Ephraimites, =1=, 65.
daughter of, =1=, 66.
=Jeremiah=, Palestinian Amora, =2=, 560.
=Jeremiah= (645 or 640-580 or 570), prophet, character of, =1=,
289-90.
style of the prophecies of, =1=, 290-1.
the first prophecy by, =1=, 291.
announces universal ruin, =1=, 296.
lamentation by, for Josiah, =1=, 297.
prophecies of, under Jehoiakim, =1=, 301.
danger of, =1=, 302.
saved by Ahikam, =1=, 303.
has his prophecy read in the Temple, =1=, 304-5.
ordered to be killed, =1=, 305.
protected by the princes, =1=, 306.
counsels submission to Babylonian rule, =1=, 310.
rôle of, during the siege, =1=, 311-12.
reproaches Zedekiah with perjury, =1=, 312.
imprisoned, =1=, 312-13.
taken captive by the Chaldæans, =1=, 314.
lamentations of, over Jerusalem, =1=, 316.
disciple of, =1=, 319.
considerately treated by Nebuzaradan, =1=, 319-20.
joins Gedaliah at Mizpah, =1=, 320.
taken captive by Ishmael, =1=, 322.
rescued, =1=, 323.
advises against emigration to Egypt, =1=, 324.
goes to Egypt, =1=, 325.
rebukes the Egyptian Judæans for idolatry, =1=, 326-7.
end of, =1=, 327-8.
writings of, studied by the Babylonian exiles, =1=, 336.
on the conduct of Jews in foreign lands, =2=, 520.
=Jericho=, taken by Joshua, =1=, 32, 33.
David passes, when fleeing from Absalom, =1=, 142.
fortified by Hiel, =1=, 201.
an association of prophets at, =1=, 205, 234.
visited by Elijah, =1=, 208.
Hyrcanus II defeated at, =2=, 58.
a Synhedrion established at, =2=, 71.
Aristobulus (III) murdered at, =2=, 92.
district of, given to Cleopatra, =2=, 93.
Herod attempts suicide in, =2=, 116.
palace at, burnt, =2=, 125.
some Benu-Nadhir settle in, =3=, 79.
=Jeroboam I=, employed by Solomon as superintendent of buildings, =1=,
174.
incites rebellion against Solomon, =1=, 175-6.
flees to Egypt, =1=, 176.
returns to Palestine, =1=, 180.
leader of the Shechemite rebellion, =1=, 180-2.
chosen king by the Ephraimites, =1=, 182-3.
allied with Shishak, =1=, 184.
fortifies Israelitish towns, =1=, 185.
introduces calf-worship, =1=, 185-7.
rebuked by Ahijah, =1=, 188.
death of, =1=, 189.
end of the house of, =1=, 189.
=Jeroboam II=, king of Israel, at war with the Aramæans, =1=, 225.
in friendly relations with Uzziah, =1=, 231, 232.
conquests and luxuriousness of, =1=, 232.
immorality and idolatry under, =1=, 233-4.
death of, =1=, 234.
=Jerome= (Hieronymus, 331-420), Church Father, taught by Jewish
teachers, =2=, 623-4.
translates the Scriptures into Latin, =2=, 625.
hates the Jews, =2=, 625; =4=, 552.
on the Talmud, =3=, 577.
on a supposed Jewish formula of imprecation, =4=, 83.
exegetical works of, used by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 342.
pattern of Reuchlin, =4=, 433, 435.
=Jerome Bonaparte=, king of Westphalia, and the emancipation of the
Jews, =5=, 500, 501.
reprimands Jacobson, =5=, 562.
=Jerubbaal.= _See_ Gideon.
=Jerusalem=, the site of, occupied by the Jebusites, =1=, 3.
king of, defeated by Joshua, =1=, 34-5.
physical features of, =1=, 114-15.
becomes the royal residence, =1=, 114.
fortified and extended, =1=, 118-19.
center of religious life, =1=, 119-20.
prosperity and importance of, under Solomon, =1=, 168-9.
religious center for the northern tribes, =1=, 185.
fortified by Rehoboam, =1=, 185.
Baal-worship at, under Athaliah, =1=, 212.
Jehoiada ends Baal-worship in, =1=, 216-17.
the first conquest of, =1=, 225.
deprived of fortifications, by Jehoash, =1=, 226.
fortified by Uzziah, =1=, 231.
fortified by Jotham, =1=, 249.
besieged by Rezin and Pekah, =1=, 258, 259.
fortified against Sennacherib, =1=, 271.
celebration of the Passover at, under Josiah, =1=, 295.
the nation gathers in, to pray for help against Nebuchadnezzar, =1=,
304.
besieged by generals of Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 307.
fortified by Zedekiah, =1=, 311.
besieged by Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 311-12.
siege of, raised, =1=, 312.
siege of, resumed, =1=, 313.
taken by the Chaldæans, =1=, 313-14.
destroyed by Nebuzaradan, =1=, 315.
destruction of, mourned by the Babylonian Jews, =1=, 337-8.
return of exiles to, under Zerubbabel, =1=, 354-6.
arrival of Ezra in, =1=, 366.
attacked by Sanballat, =1=, 371.
taken by Sanballat, =1=, 372.
Nehemiah rebuilds the fortifications of, =1=, 374-5.
settlers invited to, by Nehemiah, =1=, 377-8.
the Law read in, by Ezra, =1=, 378-80.
the walls of, consecrated, =1=, 381-2.
a religious school established in, =1=, 396.
suffering in, under Bagoas, =1=, 409-10.
taken by Ptolemy I, =1=, 416.
the fortifications of, destroyed by Ptolemy I, =1=, 417.
improved by Simon the Just, =1=, 421.
entered by Antiochus III, =1=, 432.
taken by Scopas, =1=, 432.
athletic contests introduced in, =1=, 435.
gymnasia introduced in, =1=, 445.
occupied by Sostrates, =1=, 447.
occupied by Jason, =1=, 451.
taken by Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 451.
entered by Apollonius, =1=, 453-4.
entered by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 471.
desolate condition of, after the Syrian depredations, =1=, 471-2.
besieged by Lysias, =1=, 479-80.
occupied by Alcimus, =1=, 487.
fortified by Jonathan Haphus, =1=, 494.
fortified by the Hasmonæans, =1=, 498.
venerated by the Egyptian Judæans, =1=, 509.
celebrated by Philo the Elder, =1=, 517-18.
besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, =2=, 3-4.
taken by Aristobulus II, =2=, 58.
besieged by Aretas, =2=, 60.
siege of, raised at the order of Rome, =2=, 62.
besieged by Pompey, =2=, 64-6.
walls of, razed, =2=, 67.
taken by Alexander, son of Aristobulus II, =2=, 70.
a Synhedrion established in, =2=, 71.
entered by Crassus, =2=, 74.
walls of, rebuilt by Cæsar, =2=, 76.
besieged by the Parthians, =2=, 82.
besieged by Herod, =2=, 87-8.
Herod’s buildings in, =2=, 105.
the people of, hate Herod, =2=, 107.
in charge of Quintilius Varus, =2=, 122-3.
Jesus in, =2=, 161-2.
fortified by Agrippa I, =2=, 195.
occupied by Cuspius Fadus, =2=, 197.
foreign synagogues in, =2=, 201.
visited by Helen of Adiabene, =2=, 194, 218.
famine in, =2=, 218.
mausoleum of Helen in, =2=, 219.
annual pilgrimages to, =2=, 220.
the Synhedrion removed from, =2=, 239.
rebels against Cumanus, =2=, 244.
Agrippa II resides in, =2=, 247.
the Passover celebration of 66 in, =2=, 251.
the upper city of, plundered, =2=, 254.
the insurrection against Rome begins in, =2=, 255, 261.
garrisoned with Roman troops, =2=, 255.
conciliated by Agrippa II, =2=, 257-8.
the Roman garrison of, surrenders to the Zealots, =2=, 260.
the walls of, strengthened, =2=, 268.
rallying place of the patriots, =2=, 291-2.
fortifications of, =2=, 292.
undisturbed by Vespasian for two years, =2=, 297.
parties in, =2=, 301.
besieged by Titus, =2=, 301-10.
summoned to surrender, =2=, 302.
attacked from the north, =2=, 303.
famine in, =2=, 304, 305-6.
upper city of, taken, =2=, 309.
remnant in, after the Roman siege, =2=, 311.
the religious center, =2=, 322.
replaced by Jamnia as a religious center, =2=, 325.
rebuilt by Hadrian, =2=, 407, 421-2.
in the hands of the Jews under Bar-Cochba, =2=, 411.
ploughed over, by Turnus Rufus, =2=, 421.
Jews forbidden to enter, =2=, 433, 564; =3=, 23, 87.
permission for Jews to pray at, obtained from Marcus Aurelius,
=2=, 457-8.
Jews permitted by Alexander Severus to enter, =2=, 482.
a Christian city, =2=, 597; =3=, 11.
taken by Sharbarza, =3=, 19.
not given to the Jews by the Persians, =3=, 21.
entered by Heraclius, =3=, 22.
Temple vessels removed to, by Justinian I, =3=, 27.
Arabian Jews pray towards, =3=, 58.
turning towards, in prayer instituted by Mahomet, =3=, 73.
taken by Omar, =3=, 87.
conflict in, between the Karaites and the Rabbanites, =3=, 135.
asceticism of the Karaites in, =3=, 181-2.
Jehuda Halevi at, =3=, 342.
Christian kingdom of, attacked by Nureddin, =3=, 349.
Christian pilgrims permitted by Saladin to enter, =3=, 405.
return to, projected by David Alrui, =3=, 431.
Maimonides in, =3=, 457.
Jews allowed by Saladin to settle in, =3=, 474.
mourning in, for Maimonides, =3=, 492-3.
rabbis of France and England emigrate to, =3=, 505-6.
notable for its illustrious dead, =3=, 506.
devastated by the Tartars, =3=, 605-6.
Nachmani in, =3=, 606.
pilgrims to, in the fourteenth century, =4=, 73-4.
the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 396-8.
improved morally by the exiles, =4=, 397, 398.
ordinances for the government of, =4=, 398.
subordinated to Safet, =4=, 533.
rabbis of, support Jacob Berab, =4=, 534.
Sabbataï Zevi at, =5=, 126-7.
rabbis of, threaten Sabbataï Zevi with excommunication, =5=, 132.
replaced by Gaza as the Sabbatian Holy City, =5=, 132.
Chayim Malach in, =5=, 213-14.
rabbis of, excommunicate Chayon, =5=, 216.
=Jerusalem, the Jews of=, join an expedition against the Christians
of Tyre, =3=, 20.
burnt during the first crusade, =3=, 308.
dyers in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
banished by Baldwin IV, =3=, 427.
occupations of, =4=, 74-5.
wish to build a synagogue on Mount Zion, =4=, 273-4.
offended by Jacob Berab, =4=, 532.
suffer through the Cossack wars, =5=, 16, 125, 127.
Kabbalists, =5=, 125-6.
credulity of, =5=, 126.
appeal to Chelebi, =5=, 127-8.
adherents of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 132.
oppose Napoleon, =5=, 459-60.
=Jerusalem=, a Babylonian. _See_ Nahardea.
=Jerusalem=, the, of the Occident, =4=, 136.
“=Jerusalem=,” by Mendelssohn, on ecclesiastical power and Judaism,
=5=, 364-6.
praised by Kant, =5=, 365.
effect of, on Michaelis, =5=, 365-6.