and the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
decides that the Talmud ought to be burnt, =4=, 444.
proposes the indictment of the Jews, =4=, 444.
accuses Reuchlin of heresy, =4=, 450.
tries Reuchlin and the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 451.
orders the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 451-2.
the examination of, ordered by Leo X, =4=, 454.
fails to appear for trial, =4=, 454.
convicted of slander, =4=, 455.
appeals to Leo X, =4=, 455.
tries to have the Speyer judgment overturned, =4=, 458.
summoned to Rome, =4=, 458.
satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 461.
asks for a decision by council, =4=, 464.
influences Leo X to suspend his case, =4=, 465.
leaves Rome in disgrace, =4=, 465.
life of, endangered, =4=, 465.
=Hoornbeek, John=, anti-Jewish author, =5=, 46.
=Hophni=, son of Eli, character and death of, =1=, 70.
=Hophra.= _See_ Apries.
=Horeb=, mount, scene of the first revelation to Moses, =1=, 15.
=Hormisdas IV=, of Persia, character of, =3=, 7-8.
persecutes the Jews, =3=, 8.
murdered, =3=, 8.
=Hosannas, Day of=, a second Day of Atonement, =4=, 626.
=Hosea= (I), prophet, under Jeroboam II, prophecies of, =1=, 240-2.
=Hosea= (II), prophet, under Hoshea, =1=, 251.
=Hoshea=, son of Elah, murders Pekah, =1=, 260.
king of Israel, =1=, 263.
ally of Egypt and vassal to Shalmaneser, =1=, 263.
withdraws his tribute from Shalmaneser, =1=, 264.
fortifies Samaria, =1=, 264.
imprisoned for life, =1=, 264.
=Hosiander=, probable author of the “Little Book about the Jews,”
=4=, 545.
=Host desecration=, the charge of, believed by Maximilian
I, =4=, 414.
=Host desecration, charged against the Jews= of Röttingen, =4=, 35.
of Deckendorf, =4=, 98.
of Prague, =4=, 164-6.
of Segovia, =4=, 195-6.
of Austria, =4=, 223.
of Silesia, =4=, 261.
of Passau, =4=, 306.
of the Mark of Brandenburg, =4=, 437, 440.
_See also_ Blood accusation, the; Child murder.
=Hosts, God of=, meaning of, =1=, 130-1.
=House of Commons=, the, passes the Statute of Judaism, =3=, 642.
“=House of God=, The,” Kabbalistic work by Abraham de Herrera, =5=,
54.
“=House of Jacob=,” first Amsterdam synagogue, =4=, 667.
=House of the Forest of Lebanon=, Solomon’s armory, =1=, 108.
=Howan=, the Temple of, Jewish children brought up as Magians
in, =2=, 629.
=Howdon=, Lord, on the Damascus affair, =5=, 656.
=Hubmaier, Balthasar=, Anabaptist, agitates against the Jews,
=4=, 542-3.
=Huesca=, the Jews of, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, =3=, 537.
the Marranos of, conspire against Pedro Arbues, =4=, 330.
=Huet, Peter Daniel=, and Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 22.
=Huete=, meeting of the deputies of Castile congregations
at, =3=, 617.
the Jews of, persecuted, =4=, 170.
=Hufnagel=, translates Wessely’s “Songs of Glory,” =5=, 404.
=Hugh=, chaplain of Toulouse, and the Jews, =3=, 174.
=Hugh Capet=, of France, death of, said to have been caused by the
Jews, =3=, 242.
=Hujej Ibn-Achtab=, chief of the Benu-Nadhir, =3=, 78.
induces Arabian tribes to make war against Mahomet, =3=, 79, 80.
killed, =3=, 81.
daughter of, =3=, 83.
=Hulagu=, Tartar sultan, ravages of, =3=, 606.
founder of the Mongol kingdom in Persia, =3=, 638.
=Huldah=, prophetess under Josiah, =1=, 286, 293.
=Humanists=, the, espouse Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 456.
courted by Leo X, =4=, 465.
favor Charles V’s election, =4=, 468.
=Humboldt, Wilhelm von=, relation of, to Henrietta Herz, =5=, 423.
draws up a constitution for Germany, =5=, 514.
=Huna=, on the refugees from Sepphoris, =2=, 571.
=Huna= (212-297), Babylonian Amora, chief teacher at Sora, =2=, 545.
agriculturist, =2=, 545.
and Chama ben Anilaï, =2=, 546.
charitableness of, =2=, 546.
presides over the Metibta, =2=, 547-8.
death of, =2=, 548.
and Judah ben Ezekiel, =2=, 552.
and Chasda, =2=, 553.
and Mar-Sheshet, =2=, 553-4.
=Huna=, Exilarch, buried in Judæa, =2=, 455, 509.
=Huna bar Nathan=, at the court of Jezdijird, =2=, 610.
=Huna ben Chiya=, principal of the Pumbeditha academy, wealth
of, =2=, 576.
opposition to, =2=, 577.
death of, =2=, 577.
=Huna ben Joshua=, teacher at the academy of Nares, =2=, 593-4.
=Huna-Mar= (488-508), Exilarch, Amora, =2=, 631; =3=, 3.
=Huna-Mari=, Exilarch, executed by Firuz, =2=, 629.
learned in the Law, =2=, 631.
=Hunaï=, Gaon of Sora, reforms the divorce law, =3=, 92.
=Hundt, Hartwig=, pamphlet by, against the Jews, =5=, 532.
=Hungary=, adopts Frederick the Valiant’s Jewish statute, =3=, 569.
Jews invited into, =3=, 613.
Jewish exiles from, take refuge in Poland, =4=, 263.
Messianic hopes connected with Solomon Molcho in, =4=, 497.
Polish-Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 208.
rabbis of, protest against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, =5=,
682.
=Hungary, the Jews of=, condition of, in early days, =3=, 520.
possess the right of coinage, =3=, 521.
farmers of salt mines and taxes, =3=, 521.
kindly treated by Andreas, =3=, 521.
the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council enforced against, =3=,
521.
indispensable to the prosperity of the country, =3=, 613.
proscribed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614-15.
banished by Louis I, =4=, 111.
liturgy of, arranged by Maharil, =4=, 225.
urged to emigrate to Turkey, =4=, 271-2.
Sabbatians, =5=, 149.
modify their divine service, =5=, 582.
=Huns=, the, incursions of, =2=, 604.
aid Kobad, =3=, 2.
=Huozmann.= _See_ Rüdiger.
=Hurwitz, Isaiah= (Sheloh), devotee of the Kabbala, =5=, 52, 55.
=Hurwitz, Phineas Levi= (1740-1802), rabbi of Frankfort, opposes
Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, =5=, 331.
death of, =5=, 566.
=Hurwitz, Sabbataï=, draws up penitential prayers, =5=, 13.
=Hurwitz, Salkind=, competes for the Metz prize on the Jewish
question, =5=, 434.
in the National Guards, =5=, 443.
=Hushai=, David’s favorite, =1=, 122.
faithful to David in Absalom’s rebellion, =1=, 141-2.
pretends to submit to Absalom, =1=, 142-3.
=Huss, John=, attacks the papacy, =4=, 221.
condemned to death, =4=, 221-2.
=Hussite war=, the, and the Jews, =4=, 222.
cruelties of, =4=, 224-6.
German Jews in sympathy with, =4=, 226.
=Hussites=, the, hated by Emperor Albert II, =4=, 249.
excite Catholic bigotry, =4=, 258.
protect the Jews of Ratisbon, =4=, 301.
the Dominicans threaten to ally themselves with, =4=, 459.
=Hutten, Ulrich von=, agent at the imperial court, instructed to aid
the Jews, =4=, 431.
espouses Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 456-7.
supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 462.
enemy of ecclesiastical domination, =4=, 465.
favors Charles V, =4=, 468.
in the pantomime on the Reformation, =4=, 468.
=Hypatia=, killed by monks, =2=, 619.
=Hyrcanion=, fortress, built by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 46.
held by a sister of Antigonus, =2=, 94.
=Hyrcanists=, the, Hyrcanus II’s party, defend the Temple, =2=, 65.
=Hyrcanus I, John=, son of Simon Tharsi, =1=, 520.
lives at Gazara, =1=, 525.
defeats Cendebæus, =1=, 529.
escapes from Ptolemy ben Habub, =1=, 530-1.
mother of, imprisoned, =1=, 531; =2=, 2.
reign of, =2=, 1.
contest of, with Ptolemy ben Habub, =2=, 2-3.
besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, =2=, 3-4.
sends an embassy to Rome, =2=, 4-5.
furnishes Syria troops against Parthia, =2=, 5.
acknowledges Alexander Zabina king of Syria, =2=, 6.
Samaritan campaign of, =2=, 7-8.
destroys the Temple on Gerizim, =2=, 8.
converts the Idumæans forcibly to Judaism, =2=, 8-9.
appeals to Rome, =2=, 9.
besieges Samaria, =2=, 9.
destroys Samaria, =2=, 10.
conquests of, =2=, 11-12.
has coins struck, =2=, 12.
worldly ambition of, =2=, 13.
erects a mausoleum at Modin, =2=, 14.
employs Pharisees and Sadducees, =2=, 31.
offended by the Pharisees, =2=, 32-3.
fills the high offices with Sadducees, =2=, 33.
death of, =2=, 33.
sons of, =2=, 34.
=Hyrcanus I, John, the wife of=, queen, supplanted by Aristobulus
I, =2=, 35.
imprisonment and death of, =2=, 36.
=Hyrcanus II=, son of Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 47.
proclaimed high priest, =2=, 48, 76.
conspiracy against, =2=, 56.
accession and character of, =2=, 57.
defeated at Jericho by Aristobulus, =2=, 58.
deprived of the royal dignity, =2=, 58.
aided by the Nabathæan king, =2=, 59.
refuses to supply the sacrificial lamb during the siege of
Jerusalem, =2=, 60.
summoned to Damascus, =2=, 63.
favored by Pompey, =2=, 64.
made ethnarch, =2=, 66, 76.
leaves Jerusalem, =2=, 70.
petitioned to punish Herod, =2=, 78.
permits the Synhedrion to summon Herod, =2=, 78.
reproved by Shemaya, =2=, 79.
adjourns the Synhedrion, =2=, 79.
takes counsel with Malich, =2=, 80.
mutilated, =2=, 82.
dethroned, =2=, 82-3.
taken captive to Babylon, =2=, 83.
welcomed by the Babylonian Judæans, =2=, 90.
returns to Palestine, =2=, 91.
executed, =2=, 96.
descendants of, in Nahardea, =2=, 551.
=Hyrcanus=, son of Joseph, his father’s representative in Egypt,
=1=, 429-30.
favored by Ptolemy IV, =1=, 430.
rebuked for extravagance, =1=, 430.
successor of his father, =1=, 431-2.
flees to Alexandria, =1=, 432.
in favor with Ptolemy V, =1=, 437.
wealth of, =1=, 437.
betrayed by the Hellenists, =1=, 444.
tax-collector for the king of Egypt, =1=, 444.
=Hyrkania=, Judæans banished to, =1=, 408.
=I=
=Ibbur=, impregnation of the soul, Kabbalistic term, =4=, 621.
=Ibbur=, work on the calendar by Isaac Ibn-Albalia, =3=, 283.
_See also_ Calendar.
=Iberia=, early Jewish settlements in, =3=, 35. _See_ Spain.
=Ibleam=, Zechariah, king of Israel, murdered at, =1=, 243.
=Ibn-Abbas.= _See_ Jehuda and Samuel Ibn-Abbas.
=Ibn-Abbas=, plots to depose Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 258.
=Ibn-Abi Musa=, plots to depose Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 258.
=Ibn-Abi Obsaibiya=, physician, colleague of Abraham Maimuni, =3=,
495.
=Ibn-Abitur.= _See_ Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur.
=Ibn-Abitur family=, the, opposes Chanoch ben Moses, =3=, 238.
=Ibn-Albalia.= _See_ Baruch Ibn-Albalia; Isaac ben Baruch Albalia.
=Ibn-Albalia family=, the, early settlement of, in Spain, =3=, 43.
=Ibn-Alfachar.= _See_ Abraham Ibn-Alfachar; Jehuda bar Joseph
Ibn-Alfachar.
=Ibn-Alfachar family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=,
235, 537.
=Ibn-Alfara=, Arabic poet, elegy by, =3=, 279.
=Ibn-Aljami.= _See_ Nathaniel.
=Ibn-Alruchi= (Arruchi). _See_ David Alrui.
=Ibn-Benveniste Halevi.= _See_ Joseph ben Ephraim Ibn-Benveniste
Halevi.
=Ibn-Chabib.= _See_ Jacob Ibn-Chabib.
=Ibn-Chasdaï.= _See_ Abraham ben Chasdaï; Samuel ben Abraham
Ibn-Chasdaï.
=Ibn-Daud.= _See_ Abraham Ibn-Daud Halevi; Jehuda Ibn-Daud (Chayuj).
=Ibn-Daud family=, the, traces descent from David, =3=, 43.
=Ibn-Daudi=, the, descendants of the last Exilarch, settle in
Spain, =3=, 254.
=Ibn-Ezra.= _See_ Abraham ben Meïr; Abuhajaj Joseph; Abu-Ibrahim
Isaac; Abulhassan Jehuda; Isaac ben Abraham; Jacob;
Jehuda; Moses.
=Ibn-Ezra family=, the, Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut a member of, =3=, 215.
of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 235.
=Ibn-Falyaj family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 236.
=Ibn-Farussal.= _See_ Solomon Ibn-Farussal.
=Ibn-Gebirol.= _See_ Solomon Ibn-Gebirol.
=Ibn-Giat.= _See_ Isaac ben Jehuda; Judah.
=Ibn-Giat family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 236.
=Ibn-G’ikatilia.= _See_ Isaac Ibn-G’ikatilia; Moses ben Samuel
Ibn-G’ikatilia.
=Ibn-Janach.= _See_ Jonah Marinus.
=Ibn-Jau.= _See_ Jacob Ibn-Jau.
=Ibn-Kamnial.= _See_ Abulhassan Abraham ben Meïr Ibn-Kamnial.
=Ibn-Labi.= _See_ Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi.
=Ibn-Migash.= _See_ Joseph ben Meïr; Meïr ben Joseph.
=Ibn-Migash family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 236.
=Ibn-Misha’l=, Jewish diplomat, =3=, 284.
=Ibn-Nagrela.= _See_ Joseph Ibn-Nagrela; Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela.
=Ibn-Raz=, assailant of Rabbinical Judaism in Leo Modena’s work,
=5=, 73-4.
=Ibn-Roshd.= _See_ Averroës.
=Ibn-Rumahis=, Moorish admiral, captures and sells the four
emissaries from Sora, =3=, 203, 208, 209.
=Ibn-Sahal.= _See_ Joseph ben Jacob Ibn-Sahal.
=Ibn-Sahula= (1245), fabulist, =3=, 560.
=Ibn-Said= (Sid). _See_ Zag Ibn-Said.
=Ibn-Sakbel.= _See_ Solomon Ibn-Sakbel.
=Ibn-Sakviyah=, Karaite writer, opposed by Saadiah, =3=, 192.
=Ibn-Satanas.= _See_ Joseph ben Isaac Ibn-Abitur.
=Ibn-Shalbib.= _See_ Amram ben Isaac Ibn-Shalbib.
=Ibn-Shem Tob.= _See_ Joseph ben Shem Tob; Shem Tob ben Joseph
Ibn-Shem-Tob.
=Ibn-Shoshan.= _See_ Abraham; Joseph ben Solomon Ibn-Shoshan; Solomon
ben Joseph Ibn-Shoshan.
=Ibn-Shoshan family=, the, members of, die from the Black
Death, =4=, 113.
=Ibn-Sina= (Avicenna), Mahometan interpreter of Aristotle, =3=, 478.
=Ibn-Tibbon.= _See_ Jacob ben Machir; Judah ben Moses; Judah ben Saul;
Moses; Samuel.
=Ibn-Verga.= _See_ Joseph; Judah; Solomon.
=Ibn-Vives.= _See_ Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives.
=Ibn-Wakar.= _See_ Jehuda; Samuel.
=Ibn-Yachya.= _See_ David; David Negro; Gedalya; Gedalya I; Gedalya
II; Joseph; Moses; Solomon Ibn-Gebirol.
=Ibn-Yachya family=, the, Turkish branch of, =4=, 609.
Italian branch of, =4=, 616.
=Ibn-Yachya-Negro.= _See_ David; Judah.
=Ibn-Yachya-Negro=, two brothers, favorites of Alfonso V, of
Portugal, =4=, 339.
=Ibn-Yaish=, prominent at the court of Alfonso XI, of Castile, =4=,
84.
=Ibn-Zachariah Yachya Chayuj.= _See_ Jehuda Ibn-Daud.
=Ibn-Zadik.= _See_ Abu-Amr Joseph ben Zadik Ibn-Zadik.
=Ibrahim=, sultan, war of, with Venice, =5=, 119.
=Ibzan=, judge, =1=, 66.
=Icabo=, character in Samuel Usque’s work, =4=, 558, 559, 560.
=Idolatry=, among the Egyptians, =1=, 9-10.
practiced by the Israelites in Egypt, =1=, 11.
among the Israelites in the desert, =1=, 23-4.
of the Israelites at Baal-Peor, =1=, 28.
the Israelites reclaimed from, by Samuel, =1=, 75-6.
under Solomon, =1=, 175.
under Jeroboam, =1=, 186-7.
under Omri, =1=, 195-6.
under Jezebel, =1=, 197-8.
under Joram, =1=, 209.
under Jeroboam II, =1=, 233.
under Menahem, =1=, 244, 247.
under Ahaz, =1=, 260-1.
removed by Hezekiah, =1=, 268.
under Manasseh, =1=, 282-3.
uprooted by Josiah, =1=, 294-5.
relapse into, under Jehoiakim, =1=, 299-300.
under Jehoiachin, =1=, 306.
practiced by Judæans in Egypt, =1=, 326-7.
among the Babylonian exiles, =1=, 332, 339, 340.
stamped out among the Judæans by the fall of Babylon, =1=, 350.
laws against, inviolate under all circumstances, =2=, 424.
regulations against, in the Mishna, =2=, 476-8.
practiced by the Arabs, =3=, 72.
_See also_ Astarte; Baal, the worship of.
=Idumæa=, urges Zedekiah to revolt from Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 310.
ruled by procurators, =2=, 137.
Eleazar ben Ananias governor of, =2=, 270.
=Idumæan=, applied to Herod and Rome, =2=, 114-15.
=Idumæans=, the, antagonize the Israelites in the desert, =1=, 27.
characteristics of, =1=, 55.
relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-9.
routed by Othniel, =1=, 60.
attracted to Palestine under Solomon, =1=, 173.
gain independence, =1=, 185.
revolt of, from Judah, =1=, 209.
conquered by Amaziah, =1=, 222-3.
attack Jerusalem under Uzziah, =1=, 226-7.
defeated by Uzziah, =1=, 230.
allies of Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 314.
molest fugitive Judæans, =1=, 318.
appropriate Judæan territory, =1=, 325-6.
settled to the south of Judæa, =1=, 355.
in possession of Judæan territory, =1=, 435.
hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, =1=, 473, 474.
defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474.
hostile to Judæa under John Hyrcanus, =2=, 7.
forcibly converted to Judaism, =2=, 8-9.
colony of, in Samaria, =2=, 9, 10.
expeditions of, against Simon bar Giora, =2=, 293.
help the Zealots against Anan, =2=, 295-6.
disliked by the Zealots and the Moderates, =2=, 296.
allied with the aristocratic party, =2=, 298.
one of the factions in Jerusalem, =2=, 301.
try to make terms with Titus, =2=, 309.
=Ifra-Ormuzd=, mother of Shabur II, leans towards Judaism, =2=,
580, 592-3.
generous towards the Pumbeditha academy, =2=, 581.
protects the Jews, =2=, 592.
assists Raba bar Joseph, =2=, 592.
=Iggaron=, Hebrew lexicon by Saadiah, =3=, 190.
=Iggeret Teman=, by Maimonides, =3=, 462-4.
=Ignatius=, Christian martyr, =2=, 621.
=Ijon=, subjugated by Ben-hadad I, =1=, 191.
=Ikkarim=, work by Joseph Albo, =4=, 239.
=Ilai=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
=Ilhas Perdidas.= _See_ San Thomas.
=Illiberis (Elvira), the Council of=, forbids Christians to trade
with Jews, =2=, 620.
anti-Jewish decrees of, =3=, 43, 44.
=Illyria=, synagogues of, protected by Arcadius, =2=, 616.
the Jews of, autonomous, =3=, 27.
=Ilpha=, companion of Jochanan bar Napacha, =2=, 493.
=Imam=, founder of the Fatimide dynasty, =3=, 212.
=Imamate=, the, the high priesthood among the Mahometans, =3=, 110.
=Immaculate Conception=, the, dogma of, attacked by Chasdaï
Crescas, =4=, 187.
=Immanuel ben Solomon Romi= (1265-1330), poet, under Maimunist
influence, =3=, 630; =4=, 60.
characterization of, =4=, 63-4.
position of, in the Roman Jewish community, =4=, 64-5.
friend of Dante, =4=, 65.
works of, =4=, 65-7.
place of, in neo-Hebraic poetry, =4=, 67; =5=, 112.
in Fermo, =4=, 68.
on the poets of his time, =4=, 68.
=Immorality=, under Jeroboam II, =1=, 233-4.
under Jotham, =1=, 249-50.
under Ahaz, =1=, 261.
under Jehoiakim, =1=, 300.
under Zerubbabel, =1=, 358.
of the Judæan aristocracy, =2=, 234.
of Judæans under the Roman dominion, =2=, 237-8.
among the Jews of Babylonia, =2=, 516-17, 579.
among the Marranos at Amsterdam, =4=, 680.
among the Jews of Prussia, =5=, 419-20, 422.
=Immortality of the soul=, the dogma of, in the “Guide of the
Perplexed,” =3=, 482, 488.
Maimonides’ treatment of, attacked, =3=, 524.
in the Kabbala, =3=, 554.
doubt cast upon, by the French thinkers, =5=, 305-6.
Mendelssohn tries to restore the belief in, =5=, 306-7.
=Imnestar=, the Jews of, punished for Purim pleasantry, =2=, 621.
=Imrulkais Ibn-Hojr=, Arabic poet, protected by Samuel Ibn-Adiya,
=3=, 68-9.
“=In Praise= and Honor of Emperor Maximilian,” anti-Jewish pamphlet
by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 439.
“=In Refutation= of Anan,” by Saadiah, =3=, 189.
=Incarnation, the dogma of=, refuted by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas,
=4=, 141.
expounded by Astruc Raimuch, =4=, 182.
refuted by Solomon Bonfed, =4=, 182.
attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 187.
criticised by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, =4=, 235.
in the Kabbala, =4=, 292.
Jews averse to, =5=, 420.
belief in, threatened, =5=, 682.
=Index expurgatorius=, the, Kabbalistic writings on, =4=, 584.
=India=, trade with, under Solomon, =1=, 170.
Uzziah revives the trade with, =1=, 230.
Jews settle in, =2=, 629-30.
south Arabian Jews trade with, =3=, 54, 57.
under the Exilarch’s jurisdiction, =3=, 429.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 435-6.
desire of the Portuguese to reach, =4=, 367.
=Infessura=, chancellor of Rome, on Sixtus IV, =4=, 321.
=Informers=, among the Jewish Christians, =2=, 378-9.
during Hadrian’s persecutions, =2=, 425-6.
under Severus, =2=, 464-5.
against the Jews of Sepphoris, =2=, 570.
the excommunication of, revived, =3=, 378.
decree against, by the Mayence synod, =3=, 517.
against Jews in Spain, =4=, 155-6.
=Innocent II=, pope, convenes a Church Council in France, =3=, 376.
=Innocent III=, pope, persecutes Raymond VI of Toulouse, =3=,
400, 501-2.
preaches the third crusade, =3=, 405.
refuses to sanction Philip Augustus’ marriage, =3=, 406.
baneful influence of, =3=, 496.
protects the Jews against the crusaders, =3=, 496-7.
and Pedro II of Aragon, =3=, 497-8.
reproaches Philip Augustus with disregard of anti-Jewish decrees,
=3=, 498-9.
reprimands Alfonso III of Castile for kindly treatment of
Jews, =3=, 499.
threatens excommunication for intercourse with Jews, =3=, 499.
threatens Count Nevers for favoring the Jews, =3=, 500.
organizes the Albigensian crusade, =3=, 502.
asked to decree a crusade against the Mahometans, =3=, 507.
convokes the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 508-9.
introduces Jew badges, =3=, 511-12.
death of, =3=, 513.
anti-Jewish decrees of, enforced in southern France, =3=, 518.
anti-Jewish decrees of, in Hungary, =3=, 520-1.
degrades the Jews, =3=, 563.
Jewish constitution of, re-issued, =3=, 564.
anti-Jewish decrees of, confirmed, =3=, 611.
=Innocent IV=, pope, appealed to, in behalf of the Talmud, =3=, 579.
condemns the blood accusation, =3=, 583-5, 635.
opposes the forcible baptism of Jews, =4=, 165.
=Innocent VII=, pope, opposes the expulsion of the Jews, =4=, 346.
=Innocent VIII=, pope, urges the establishment of the Portuguese
Inquisition, =4=, 368.
=Innocents=, the, legend concerning the slaughter of, =2=, 116.
“=Inquiry= into Light and Truth,” directed against Mendelssohn, =5=,
363.
“=Inquiry= into Probability,” essay by Mendelssohn, =5=, 299.
=Inquisition=, the, established in France, =3=, 542.
meets opposition in Navarre, =4=, 357.
established at Benevento, =4=, 385.
condemns Molcho to the stake, =4=, 506-7.
at Rome authorized, =4=, 525.
burns the Talmud and other Hebrew writings in Italy, =4=, 565.
tries the Marranos of Ancona, =4=, 568, 570.
permits the printing of the Zohar, =4=, 583.
persecutes the Bologna Jews, =4=, 590-1.
in the Netherlands, =4=, 601, 662.
the Jews of Italy put under, =4=, 654.
cruelties of, to Jews, recounted by Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 31-2.
=Inquisition, the Portuguese=, commission for the establishment
of, =4=, 365.
planned by João III, =4=, 490.
idea of, abandoned, =4=, 490-1.
plans for, mooted, =4=, 499-500.
establishment of, opposed, =4=, 500, 505.
established by Clement VII, =4=, 507.
inhumanity of, complained of by the Marranos, =4=, 509.
proceedings of, stopped by Clement VII, =4=, 513.
power of, abrogated by Clement VII, =4=, 514.
commission on, =4=, 514-15.
reconsideration of, ordered by Paul III, =4=, 516.
arrested by Paul III, =4=, 517.
sanctioned by Paul III, =4=, 518, 527.
cruelty of, =4=, 519-20.
practically abrogated by Paul III, =4=, 520.
rules of, enforced, =4=, 521.
crippled, =4=, 522.
described by Samuel Usque, =4=, 522.
described by an assembly of cardinals, =4=, 523.
imprisons Marranos, =4=, 670.
=Inquisition, the Spanish=, first germs of, =4=, 167.
deals with Judaizing Marranos, =4=, 256.
and the Jews, =4=, 308.
established by Ferdinand and Isabella, =4=, 309.
views on the establishment of, =4=, 310.
authorized by Sixtus IV, =4=, 311.
commission to frame the statute for, =4=, 312.
statute of, ratified, =4=, 312.
judges of, =4=, 312.
established in Seville, =4=, 312-13.
distrust of, =4=, 313.
orders the surrender of fugitive Marranos, =4=, 313-14.
first victims of, =4=, 314.
publishes the Edict of Grace, =4=, 315.
heresy defined by, =4=, 315-16.
first auto-da-fé ordered by, =4=, 317.
cruelty of, censured by Sixtus IV, =4=, 318-19.
established in Aragon, =4=, 319, 330.
opposition to, in Aragon, =4=, 319, 328-9.
opposition to, in Sicily, =4=, 319-20.
judges of, cannot be Marranos, =4=, 321.
rigors of, modified by Sixtus IV, =4=, 322.
confined at first to the southern part of the country, =4=, 323.
description of, by Samuel Usque, =4=, 324-5.
tribunals of, established by Torquemada, =4=, 325.
in Ferdinand’s hereditary lands, =4=, 325-6.
code of, by Torquemada, =4=, 326-8.
the introduction of, resisted by the northern provinces, =4=, 332.
increase of the victims of, =4=, 332.
established in Barcelona and Majorca, =4=, 332.
described by Isaac Arama, =4=, 332.
in Seville, =4=, 335.
turned against the enemies of the Jews, =4=, 355.
victims of, under Torquemada, =4=, 356.
evil effects of, =4=, 356.
described by Peter Martyr, =4=, 484.
Christian victims of, =4=, 485.
executes Marranos denounced by David Reubeni, =4=, 511.
=Interest=, the charging of, forbidden by the Council of Narbonne,
=3=, 518. _See under_ Usury.
=Intermarriages=, between the heathen and the Israelites, =1=, 56-7.
between the Judæans and the Samaritans, =1=, 361-2, 383.
with Ammonites and Moabites prohibited, =1=, 362.
Ezra on, with the heathen, =1=, 367-9.
law against, expounded by Ezra, =1=, 380.
dissolved by Nehemiah, =1=, 386.
between Jews and Christians forbidden by Constantius, =2=, 567.
forbidden by the Council of Illiberis, =2=, 620.
in Gaul, =3=, 36.
between the Vangioni and Jewish women, =3=, 41.
in Spain in the sixth century, =3=, 44.
prohibited by the Council of Toledo and Reccared, =3=, 46.
between Jews and Arabs, =3=, 56-7.
supposed to be prevented by Jew badges, =3=, 511.
in Hungary, =3=, 521.
in southern Spain, =3=, 527.
denounced by Moses of Coucy, =3=, 546.
prohibited by the code of Alfonso X, =3=, 595.
objected to by the Remonstrants, =4=, 674.
discussed by the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 489, 491.
discussed by the French Synhedrion, =5=, 496-7.
permitted in Mecklenburg, =5=, 507.
“=Investigation= into the Evidences of Christianity against
Unbelievers,” by Caspar Bonnet, =5=, 309.
“=Investigation= of Religion, The,” by Elias del Medigo, =4=, 293.