=Greece=, Jews from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
=Greece, the Jews of=, celebrate two days of the new-moon, =2=, 363.
autonomy of, =3=, 27.
occupations of, =3=, 175.
not permitted to hold office, =3=, 175.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424-5.
in the sixteenth century, =4=, 406.
molested by the Greek Catholics, =4=, 552-3.
=Greek art=, under John Hyrcanus, =2=, 14.
under Herod, =2=, 118.
=Greek Christian= communities, established by Paul, =2=, 227-8.
=Greek Christians=, the, despise the Judæan Christians, =2=, 231.
differences between, and Judæan Christians, =2=, 232.
_See_ Pagan Christians.
=Greek colonies=, in Judæa, =1=, 419.
=Greek culture=, in Judæa in the third century, =1=, 426, 427-9.
acquired by Jews in the Amoraim period, =2=, 537-8.
=Greek customs=, among the Judæans, =1=, 427, 527.
=Greek games=, introduced into Judæa, =1=, 445.
=Greek islands=, the, the Spanish exiles on, =4=, 363-4.
=Greek Judæans=, the, become Nazarenes, =2=, 219-20, 221.
attack the Law, =2=, 221-2.
=Greek language=, the, spoken by Judæans in Hasmonæan times, =2=, 15.
study of, forbidden by the teachers of the Law under Hadrian, =2=,
400.
acquirement of, permitted by Jochanan bar Napacha, =2=, 494.
spoken by the Jews of Italy in the twelfth century, =3=, 423.
=Greek learning=, the, of the Alexandrian Judæans, =1=, 505.
=Greek philosophy=, an aid to Christianity, =2=, 373.
=Greek poems=, by a Samaritan and a Judæan, =1=, 517.
=Greek translation of the Scriptures=, by Akylas, =2=, 385, 386-7.
ordered to be read in the synagogues by Justinian I, =3=, 14-15.
_See also_ Septuagint, the.
=Greek translations= of Hebrew works, =2=, 359.
=Greek words= in the Mishna, =2=, 461.
=Greeks=, the, characteristics of, =1=, 411.
influence of, on the Judæans, =1=, 427-9.
in Judæa, hate the Judæans, =1=, 434; =2=, 246-7.
learn Judaism through the Septuagint, =1=, 512-14.
beyond the Jordan, hostile to Judæa, =2=, 7.
cultured, opposed to Christianity, =2=, 229.
and Jews, contrasted, =5=, 706-8.
=Grégoire=, Abbé, influenced by Ensheim, =5=, 401.
champion of the Jews, =5=, 432.
competes for the Metz prize on the Jewish question, =5=, 434-5.
in the National Assembly, =5=, 435, 440.
exhorts the Jews to obtain naturalization, =5=, 436.
intercedes for the Alsatian Jews, =5=, 437.
entertains a distorted view of Jewish history, =5=, 593.
=Gregory I=, pope, protects the Jews against forced conversions,
=3=, 25, 33.
forbids Jews to own slaves, =3=, 33, 34.
remits the land-tax of converts, =3=, 33.
praises Reccared for his attitude towards the Jews, =3=, 34, 46.
=Gregory VII= (Hildebrand), pope, on the venality of the clergy, =3=,
287.
and the Jews, =3=, 293, 298.
forbids Jews to hold offices in Christian countries, =3=, 293-4.
tries to arrest the influence of the Jews at the Castilian
court, =3=, 294.
=Gregory IX=, pope, permits the burning of the Talmud, =4=, 460.
hostile to the Jews, =3=, 519, 520.
enforces the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 521.
banishes philosophical writings from the University of Paris, =3=,
528.
establishes the Inquisition in France, =3=, 542.
legate of, in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 542.
re-issues the Jewish constitution of Innocent III, =3=, 564.
reproaches Frederick II with heterodoxy, =3=, 567.
orders a crusade, =3=, 570.
deprecates the compulsory baptism of Jews, =3=, 570.
the Talmud accused before, =3=, 573-4.
orders the confiscation of the Talmud, =3=, 574-5.
=Gregory X=, pope, protects Jews against forcible baptism, =3=, 635.
=Gregory XIII=, pope, forbids the employment of Jewish physicians,
=4=, 653-4.
puts the Jews under the Inquisition, =4=, 654.
orders the confiscation of the Talmud, =4=, 654.
institutes sermons for Jews, =4=, 654-5, 706.
=Gregory=, bishop of Tours, charges a poet to celebrate the
achievements of Avitus, =3=, 39.
=Grimani, Dominico=, cardinal, employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 411.
in the Reuchlin-Hoogstraten case, =4=, 458.
=Grodno=, Mordecai Jafa rabbi at, =4=, 645.
=Groede=, burial ground of the Dutch Jews at, =4=, 672.
=Gröningen, Martin von=, translates the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 460.
=Grotius, Hugo=, studies Hebrew, =5=, 21.
introduced to Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 22.
=Grund, Christian=, advocate of Jewish emancipation, =5=, 463, 465-6.
=Guarini=, work of, translated, =5=, 114.
=Gudeo=, papal legate, presides over the Council of Vienna, =3=, 611.
=Guebres, neo-Persians.= _See_ Sassanides.
=Guglielmo di Portaleone=, Italian physician, =4=, 287.
“=Guide= of the Perplexed, The” (Moréh Nebuchim, Dalalat al Haïrin),
religious philosophical work by Maimonides, =3=, 477-85.
addressed to Joseph Ibn-Aknin, =3=, 478.
connects Judaism and philosophy, =3=, 478-9, 485-6.
explains the Jewish doctrine of the universe, =3=, 479.
on the influence of God on the universe of entities, =3=, 480-1.
on the nature of sin, =3=, 481-2.
on the intellectual and moral powers of man, =3=, 482-3.
on the prophetic faculty and the prophets, =3=, 482-4.
on miracles, =3=, 483.
on Moses, =3=, 483-4.
on revelation, =3=, 484-5.
supplants all other Jewish religious-philosophical systems, =3=,
486; =4=, 479.
effect of, on the Mahometan and Christian world, =3=, 486.
Latin translation of, =3=, 486, 542-3; =4=, 60, 474.
weakness of, =3=, 486-7.
condemned by Mahometans, =3=, 488.
condemned by Abraham ben David, =3=, 490.
Hebrew translation of, =3=, 490-2.
assailed by anti-Maimunists, =3=, 523.
satirized, =3=, 538.
denounced by Solomon Petit, =3=, 626.
studied by the Italian Jews, =3=, 629.
ordered to be burnt at Accho, =3=, 631.
defended by Shem-Tob Falaquera, =3=, 634.
attacked by Aaron ben Elia Nicomedi, =4=, 95.
neglected in Spain in the fourteenth century, =4=, 143.
studied by Moses Isserles, =4=, 638.
studied by Mendelssohn, =5=, 295.
studied by Solomon Maimon, =5=, 407.
=Guido Ubaldo=, duke of Urbino, permits Marranos to live in Pesaro,
=4=, 569, 578.
banishes the Marranos, =4=, 580-1.
=Guidon=, physician, convert to Islam, employed to convert Sabbataï
Zevi, =5=, 153-4.
=Guienne=, the Jews of, under Henry II, =3=, 409.
wells of, poisoned, =4=, 57.
=Guilds=, the, antagonize the Jews in Frankfort, =4=, 695, 696.
antagonize the Jews in Worms, =4=, 698-9.
persecute the Jews in Poland, =5=, 1.
arouse passion against the Jews of Prussia, =5=, 191.
=Guldberg, von=, Danish minister, and Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch
translation, =5=, 333.
=Gumpertz, Aaron Solomon=, friend of Mendelssohn, =5=, 295.
=Gumprecht=, obtains the emancipation of the Jews of Frankfort, =5=,
505.
=Gunther of Schwarzberg=, at war with Emperor Charles IV, =4=,
109, 110.
=Gustavus Adolphus=, the daughter of. _See_ Christina of Sweden.
=Guttenstein, de=, count, imprisons Pfefferkorn, =4=, 424.
=Gymnasia=, introduced into Jerusalem, =1=, 445.
=H=
=Haaja.= _See_ Haï.
=Haarlem=, Jews not permitted to settle in, =4=, 685.
=Haatakah=, tradition, among the Karaites, =3=, 159.
=Habakkuk=, apocryphal additions to, =2=, 624.
=Habor=, the Ten Tribes colonized in, =1=, 265.
=Habus=, king of Granada, vizir of, patron of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=,
256.
makes Samuel Ibn-Nagrela minister, =3=, 256-7.
poems addressed to, =3=, 257.
parties formed at the death of, =3=, 258.
makes Samuel Ibn-Nagrela chief of the Granada Jews, =3=, 259.
employs Jewish officials, =3=, 319.
=Hadad=, prince of Idumæa, allied with Shishak, =1=, 176.
regains possession of Idumæa, =1=, 176-7.
=Hadadezer=, king of Zobah, ally of the Ammonites, defeated by David,
=1=, 126-7.
=Hadrian=, pope, hostile to the Jews, =3=, 142.
=Hadrian=, emperor, hostile to the Jews, =2=, 350; =5=, 724-5.
rebellions against, =2=, 399.
clemency of, to the rebels, =2=, 400.
deposes and executes Lucius Quietus, =2=, 400-1.
permits the restoration of the Temple, =2=, 401-2.
withdraws the permission, =2=, 402-3.
visits Judæa, =2=, 406.
and Joshua ben Chananya, =2=, 406-7.
coins of, =2=, 407, 419.
projects the rebuilding of Jerusalem as a pagan city, =2=, 407.
mocks at Judaism, =2=, 407-8.
first action of, against Bar-Cochba, =2=, 411.
concerned about the Bar-Cochba rebellion, =2=, 413-14.
sends Julius Severus to Judæa, =2=, 414.
persecutes Jewish prisoners and fugitives, =2=, 419-20.
taxes the Jews heavily, =2=, 420.
decrees laws against Judaism, =2=, 421, 423-6.
sends Turnus Rufus to Judæa, =2=, 421.
rebuilds Jerusalem, =2=, 421-2.
column in honor of, =2=, 422.
erects heathen temples in Judæa, =2=, 422.
tries to graft paganism on Judaism, =2=, 422.
cruelty of, to the dead, =2=, 430.
persecutes the Christians, =2=, 430-1.
death of, =2=, 432.
decrees of, revoked, =2=, 433.
edict of, revived, =3=, 23.
=Hagadah=, the. _See_ Agada, the.
=Hagenau=, the duke of, Jews of Alsace tributary to, =5=, 348.
=Haggaï=, Jewish name of Robert de Redingge, =3=, 641.
=Haggaï=, prophet, urges the completion of the second Temple, =1=,
359.
extols Zerubbabel, =1=, 360.
=Haggaï.= _See also_ Chaggaï.
=Haggeth=, wife of David, =1=, 135.
=Hagin (Chayim) Denlacres=, chief rabbi of England, =3=, 644.
=Hagiographa=, the, commentaries on, by Solomon ben Yerucham, =3=,
206.
by Joseph Kara, =3=, 346.
=Haï ben David= (890-897), Gaon of Pumbeditha, =3=, 183.
=Haï (Haaja, Haya) ben Sherira= (969-1038), chief judge, =3=,
233, 250.
Gaon of Pumbeditha, =3=, 234, 250.
popularity of, =3=, 234, 250.
authority of, rivaled by Gershom ben Jehuda’s, =3=, 244.
character and attainments of, =3=, 250.
compared with Saadiah, =3=, 250.
consults the Patriarch of the Eastern Christians, =3=, 250.
consults the Koran, =3=, 251.
commentary on the Talmud by, =3=, 251.
denounces mysticism, =3=, 251-2.
consulted by African and European Talmudists, =3=, 252, 260.
the head of Judaism, =3=, 252.
revives the academy of Sora, =3=, 253.
eulogies on, =3=, 253.
=Haï Gaon.= _See_ Haï ben Sherira.
=Haidamaks=, the, ravages of, among Polish Jews, =5=, 8-10,
11-12, 388.
_See_ Cossacks, the.
=Hakim=, Fatimide caliph, decrees the conversion of Jews to
Islam, =3=, 247.
ordains Jew badges, =3=, 247-8.
expels the Jews, =3=, 248.
assassination of, =3=, 248.
=Halacha=, the, oral teaching, =2=, 328, 329.
knowledge of, acquired by pagans, =2=, 384.
cultivated by Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 576, 578.
neglected under Theodosius II, =2=, 623.
_See also_ Law, the oral; Mishna, the.
=Halacha, the, the study of=, scorned by the Nazarenes, =2=, 371.
declines in Judæa, =2=, 540.
new method of, introduced by Judah ben Ezekiel, =2=, 545.
strengthens the judgment, =2=, 625.
=Halachas=, the, Gamaliel II maintains the authority of, =2=,
338, 339.
arrangement of, by Akiba, =2=, 353, 354.
collected by the half-Tanaites, =2=, 470-1.
_See also_ Law, the oral; Mishna, the.
=Halachic= development, the, of the Law, =5=, 723-4.
“=Halachoth=,” by Alfassi, =3=, 286.
=Halachoth Gedoloth=, by Simon of Cairo, =3=, 179.
=Halachoth Ketuoth=, work by Judah the Blind, =3=, 136.
supplemented by Halachoth Gedoloth, =3=, 179.
=Halah=, the Ten Tribes colonized in, =1=, 265.
=Halberstadt=, the Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
=Haleb.= _See_ Aleppo.
=Halevi, Aaron.= _See_ Aaron Halevi.
=Halevi, Abraham.= _See_ Abraham Ibn-Daud Halevi.
=Halevi, Abu Said ben Chalfon.= _See_ Abu Said.
=Halevi, Ali.= _See_ Ali Halevi.
=Halevi, Eleazar ben Joel.= _See_ Eleazar ben Joel Halevi.
=Halevi, Elia=, French Jewish poet, =5=, 460.
=Halevi, Elias.= _See_ Elias Halevi.
=Halevi, Isaac.= _See_ Isaac ben Asher Halevi; Isaac Halevi.
=Halevi, Jacob ben Moses Mölin.= _See_ Jacob ben Moses.
=Halevi, Jehuda.= _See_ Jehuda Halevi.
=Halevi, Jephet Ibn-Ali.= _See_ Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi.
=Halevi, Joseph ben Ephraim Ibn-Benveniste.= _See_ Joseph ben Ephraim
Ibn-Benveniste Halevi.
=Halevi, Joseph ben Meïr Ibn-Migash.= _See_ Joseph ben Meïr
Ibn-Migash.
=Halevi, Joseph Amarkala.= _See_ Joseph Amarkala Halevi.
=Halevi, Meïr ben Baruch.= _See_ Meïr ben Baruch Halevi.
=Halevi, Meïr ben Todros.= _See_ Meïr ben Todros Halevi.
=Halevi, Moses Uri.= _See_ Moses Uri Halevi.
=Halevi, Samuel.= _See_ Samuel ben Abraham Ibn-Chasdaï; Samuel ben
Ali Halevi; Samuel Halevi; Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela.
=Halevi, Serachya.= _See_ Serachya Halevi Gerundi; Serachya
Halevi Saladin.
=Halfen=, Azaria and Solomon, rabbis at Damascus, charged with ritual
murder, =5=, 638.
ordered to translate suspicious Talmud passages, =5=, 640.
=Halicz=, Karaites in, =5=, 182.
=Halle, Aaron.= _See_ Wolfsohn, Aaron.
=Halles district=, the, of Paris, opposes the emancipation of the
Jews, =5=, 445.
=Hamadan= (Fars), center of the Judghanites, =3=, 149-50.
the community of, excommunicated, =3=, 194.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 434.
=Hamath=, the inhabitants of, colonized in Samaria, =1=, 285.
=Hamburg=, settlement of Jews in, =4=, 685-8.
the Lutherans of, object to Jews, =4=, 685, 687, 691-3.
refuses permission to German Jews to settle there, =4=, 685-6.
harbors Portuguese Jews as “traders,” =4=, 686-7.
admits Jews under restrictions, =4=, 688.
bank of, supported by Jews, =4=, 689.
synagogues at, =4=, 689-90, 691.
German Jews in, =4=, 691.
posts of honor occupied by Jews in, =4=, 692.
called “little Jerusalem,” =4=, 693.
Joseph Delmedigo at, =5=, 78.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 139, 140-1, 150, 151, 155.
stagnation of trade in, =5=, 149.
Jews from, settle in Brandenburg, =5=, 174.
Portuguese Jews of, wealthy, =5=, 205.
rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 206.
Lessing at, =5=, 319-20.
the Reform movement in, =5=, 563-4.
Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
the Dayanim of, oppose the Reform Temple, =5=, 570, 573.
the “hep, hep!” persecution in, =5=, 573.
Bernays appointed to the rabbinate of, =5=, 576-7.
conflagration in, =5=, 674.
_See also_ Reform Temple Union, the.
=Hamburg, the Jews of=, described by John Miller, =4=, 690.
wish to settle in England, =5=, 18.
emancipated, =5=, 506.
=Ha-Meassef=, a Hebrew journal, =5=, 339. _See_ “Gatherer, The.”
=Hamma=, Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
=Hammuna=, friend of Chanina bar Chama, =2=, 456.
=Hamon, Isaac=, physician in Granada, power of, =4=, 344.
=Hamon, Joseph=, physician to Selim I, =4=, 401.
=Hamon, Moses=, physician to Solyman I, patron of Jewish literature,
=4=, 401.
family of, exempt from taxes, =4=, 402.
protector of the Turkish Jews, =4=, 553.
disposes the sultan in favor of the Mendes family, =4=, 575.
=Hanameel=, cousin of Jeremiah, =1=, 290.
=Hananel=, gate, tower at, in Jerusalem, =1=, 231.
=Hanania.= _See_ Chananya.
=Hananiah=, informs Nehemiah of the distress of the Judæans, =1=,
372.
commander of the Birah, =1=, 382.
=Hanau, Solomon=, teacher of Wessely, =5=, 367.
=Hanau=, Jews permitted to settle in, =4=, 695.
rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
=Handicrafts=, Jews engage in, =3=, 401, 425, 426, 427, 606.
Jews forbidden to engage in, =4=, 203, 205, 216.
discussed by the French Synhedrion, =5=, 497.
_See_ Artisans; Trades.
“=Handspiegel=,” by Pfefferkorn, Reuchlin’s reply to, =4=, 446-8.
=Hanna Bachari Bey=, opponent of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 633, 635.
=Hannah=, mother of Samuel, =1=, 73.
=Hanover=, the flagellants in, =4=, 111.
Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
Chayon at, =5=, 231.
the Jews of, deprived of civil rights, =5=, 512.
=Hanse Towns=, the, object to the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 519.
=Hanse Towns, the, the Jews of=, emancipated under French
influence, =5=, 506.
send a deputy to the Congress of Vienna, =5=, 513.
oppression of, disapproved of, =5=, 514.
deprived of the rights secured by French influence, =5=, 519.
=Hanukkah.= _See_ Chanuka.
=Hanun=, king of the Ammonites, at war with David, =1=, 126-7, 129.
=Haphtarah=, the lesson from the Prophets, =1=, 400.
=Haquinet=, son of Manessier de Vesoul, =4=, 150.
=Hardenberg=, Prussian minister, and the emancipation of the Jews,
=5=, 507, 527.
disapproves of the oppression of the Jews, =5=, 514.
carelessness of, =5=, 519-20.
=Hariri= of Basra, Arabic poet, imitated by Solomon Ibn-Sakbel, =3=,
318.
=Harith Ibn-Abu Shammir=, kills the Jewish chiefs of Yathrib, =3=,
67.
feud of, with Samuel Ibn-Adiya, =3=, 68, 69.
=Harith Ibn-Amru=, Kendite prince, proselyte, =3=, 63.
“=Harmony of Heaven=, The,” by Judah Leon Abrabanel, =4=, 480.
=Haroun Alrashid=, Abbassid caliph, and Charlemagne, =3=, 143.
re-enacts the “covenant of Omar,” =3=, 145.
death of, =3=, 145.
=Harp=, Lake of the. _See_ Tiberias.
=Harrach=, count, patron of Ben-David, =5=, 410.
=Harrison=, General, Jewish spirit of, =5=, 34.
=Hartmann von Deggenburg=, leads a massacre of Jews, =4=, 98.
=Hartmann, Frederick Traugott=, opponent of the Jews, =5=, 359, 361.
=Hasmonæan dynasty=, the, the members of:
Alexander I Jannæus,
Alexander (II),
Antigonus,
Aristobulus I,
Aristobulus II,
Hyrcanus I, John
Hyrcanus II,
Salome Alexandra,
Simon Tharsi.
=Hasmonæan party=, the, leaders of, =1=, 489.
comparison of, with the Assidæans, =1=, 489.
aims of, =1=, 489-90.
attacked by the Bene-Amri, =1=, 491.
defeated by Bacchides, =1=, 491.
fight for Antiochus VI, =1=, 498.
=Hasmonæans=, the, and Greek art, =2=, 14.
palace of, in Jerusalem, =2=, 14.
mausoleum of, =2=, 14.
hated by the Pharisees, =2=, 33.
assume the royal title, =2=, 35.
contrast between the first and the last, =2=, 84.
temporary character of the rule of, =2=, 143.
_See also_ Maccabees, the.
=Hasselbauer=, bishop of Prague, friend of Eibeschütz, =5=, 250.
=Hathor=, an Egyptian goddess, =1=, 9.
=Hatti Sherif=, firman emancipating the Turkish Jews, =5=, 641, 664.
=Hauran= (Havvoth Jair). _See_ Auranitis.
“=Havayot= d’Abayi ve Raba,” =2=, 585.
=Haya.= _See_ Haï ben Sherira.
=Hazael=, of Damascus, at war with Jehoram of Israel, =1=, 210.
gains territory from Jehu, =1=, 220-1.
at war with Jehoahaz and Joash, =1=, 221.
=Hazor=, rallying place of the Canaanites, =1=, 37.
=Heathen=, the, view held by, of Judæans and Judaism, =2=, 203.
adopt Judaism, =2=, 215-19.
disgusted with the deification of human beings, =2=, 228.
Judæans forbidden to deal with, =2=, 270.
join the Bar-Cochba rebellion, =2=, 410.
intercourse with, regulated by the Mishna, =2=, 476-8.
intercourse with, interdicted by Tertullian, =2=, 476-7.
permitted to glean, =2=, 478.
purchases from, permitted by Judah II, =2=, 483-4.
become acquainted with Jewish literature, =2=, 502.
relaxing of the laws against, =2=, 525.
=Heber=, the Kenite, in Charisi’s Tachkemoni, =3=, 559.
=Hebert=, sets up the religion of Reason, =5=, 450.
=Hebrew alphabet=, the, Assyrian characters of, =1=, 395.
“=Hebrew Chrestomathy=,” by Adam Martinet, =5=, 628, 629.
=Hebrew grammar.= _See_ Grammar.
=Hebrew language=, the, cherished by the Babylonian exiles, =1=,
340, 364.
Judæans ignorant of, =1=, 386.
cultivated under the Hasmonæans, =2=, 14-15.
called New-Hebrew (Neo-Hebrew), =2=, 15.
used in the historical writings, =2=, 16.
mispronounced in Galilee, =2=, 149.
of the Mishna, =2=, 461.
spoken in Judæa, =2=, 461-2.
learnt by Origen, =2=, 488.
in the Amoraim period, =2=, 538-9.
interest in, under Theodosius II, =2=, 623, 625.
Jews forbidden to teach Christians, =2=, 624.
revived under Arab influence, =3=, 111-12.
furnished with vowel points, =3=, 112.
neglected in the ninth century, =3=, 157.
studied by Menachem ben Saruk, =3=, 224-5.
promoted by the controversy under Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 226-7.
improvement in, in the twelfth century, =3=, 317.
taught as a means for conversion, =3=, 597, 640-1; =4=, 245.
words of, used by Spanish satirists, =4=, 181.
study of, introduced into Germany by Reuchlin, =4=, 432, 433, 434.
panegyric on, by Reuchlin, =4=, 433-4, 436.
study of, at the German universities advised by Reuchlin, =4=, 443.
studied by Egidio de Viterbo, =4=, 457.
professorships for, instituted, =4=, 471, 473, 474.
studied by Christians, =4=, 471-4, 651.
widely studied in Holland, =5=, 21.
society for the promotion of, =5=, 398-9.
a bond for the Jews of western Europe, =5=, 402.
love of, prevents apostasy, =5=, 420.
importance of, in the Jewish liturgy, =5=, 562.
omission of, from the divine service objected to, =5=, 564.
Portuguese pronunciation of, adopted in Hamburg, =5=, 571.
retained in the Vienna Temple, =5=, 580.
renaissance of, through Erter, =5=, 613, 616.
banishment of, from the liturgy proposed by Holdheim, =5=, 680.
abolition of, in the liturgy discussed, =5=, 685.
_See also_ Grammar, Hebrew; Literature, Jewish.
=Hebrew literature=, allegories in, =1=, 158-9.
under Hezekiah, =1=, 279.
during the Babylonian Captivity, =1=, 334-6, 340-2.
in the Persian period, =1=, 410-11.
translated into Greek, =2=, 359.
_See also_ Literature, Jewish; Judæo-Greek literature; Poetry.
“=Hebrew Physician=, The,” by David de Pomis, =4=, 656-7.
“=Hebrew Rites=, The,” by Leo Modena, =5=, 71-2, 180.
=Hebrew writings.= _See_ Confiscation and burning of Hebrew books.
=Hebron=, king of, defeated by Joshua, =1=, 34-5.
chief city of Judah, =1=, 38, 77.
residence of David, =1=, 109.
David leaves, =1=, 114.
Absalom declared king in, =1=, 139.
owned by Idumæans, =1=, 435, 474.
Jewish prisoners sold at the slave markets of, =2=, 419.
Maimonides in, =3=, 457.
occupations of the Jews of, =4=, 75.
Sabbataï Zevi at, =5=, 128.
=Hechal=, the Holy Place, =1=, 165.
=Hegel=, influence of, on Edward Gans, =5=, 583.
on Young Israel, =5=, 585.
=Heidelberg=, the Jews of, persecuted, =5=, 530-1.
=Heidelberg, the University of=, on the confiscation of Hebrew books,
=4=, 437, 441.
Spinoza offered a professorship at, =5=, 108.
=Heidenheim, Wolf=, one of the Measfim, Massoretic studies
of, =5=, 400.
=Heilmann=, rabbi, opponent of Eibeschütz, =5=, 262, 263, 268, 269.
=Heilperin, Jechiel=, historian, =5=, 202.
=Heine, Heinrich= (1799-1854), as a Jew, =5=, 536, 544.
as a German, =5=, 537.
as poet, =5=, 537.
as a thinker, =5=, 544-5.
character of, =5=, 545, 555-6.
love of, for his mother, =5=, 545.
Jewish education of, =5=, 545-6.
pride of, in his race, =5=, 546.
attitude of, towards Judaism, =5=, 546.
influence of Berlin Jewish society on, =5=, 546.
joins the Society for the Culture of Jews, =5=, 547.
criticises the Jews, =5=, 547-8.
contempt of, for apostates, =5=, 548-9, 551-2.
glorifies Jewish history in the “Rabbi of Bacharach,” =5=, 549-50.
baptism of, =5=, 550-1.
characterizes Judaism and Christianity, =5=, 552.
on Shylock, =5=, 552-3.
on Moses, =5=, 553-5.
inspired by Jewish poetry, =5=, 555, 694.
on the “hep, hep!” persecutions, =5=, 556.
debt of the Jews to, =5=, 556.
debt of Germany to, =5=, 556.
on Isaac Bernays, =5=, 577.
on Moses Moser, =5=, 583.
on the journal of the Society for Culture, =5=, 586.
on Edward Gans’s apostasy, =5=, 587.
compared with Steinheim, =5=, 607.
compared with Erter, =5=, 615-16.
on Hellenism and Judaism, =5=, 688.
=Hejas=, the Jews settle in, =3=, 54.
_See_ Arabia, northern.
=Hejira=, the, Mahomet’s flight from Mecca, =3=, 73.
=Helam=, the battle of, the Aramæans defeated at, =1=, 127.
=Helen=, queen of Adiabene, proselyte, =2=, 216-17.
visits Jerusalem, =2=, 218, 224.
gift of, to the Temple, =2=, 218.
mausoleum of, =2=, 219.
=Helicon=, favorite of Caligula, =2=, 187.
=Heliodorus=, treasurer of Seleucus II, tries to force his way into
the Temple, =1=, 438.
murders Seleucus, =1=, 443.
=Heliopolis= (Onion), district containing the Temple of Onias, =1=,
508.
revenues of, devoted to the Temple, =1=, 508.
called the Arabian province, =1=, 510.
=Helisachar=, incites the sons of Louis the Pious against their
step-mother, =3=, 166.
=Helkias=, son of Onias IV, general, sides with Cleopatra, mother of
Ptolemy VIII, =2=, 10, 12.
death of, =2=, 41.
=Hell=, attorney, levies blackmail on the Jews of Alsace, =5=, 349.
prevents debtors from paying Jews, =5=, 350.
banished, =5=, 350.
=Hell=, belief in, derived from Magianism, =1=, 403.
=Hellenism=, the attacks of, accentuate the legal character of
Judaism, =2=, 471.