recommends trades, =2=, 467.
advises caution in intercourse with the Romans, =2=, 467-8.
and Abba-Areka, =2=, 512.
=Gamaliel IV=, Patriarch, scant knowledge of the Law of, =2=, 532.
=Gamaliel V=, Patriarch, successor to Hillel II, =2=, 612.
=Gamaliel VI= (Batraah, 370-425), last of the Patriarchs, =2=, 612.
dignities bestowed on, =2=, 617-18.
physician, =2=, 618.
last of the house of Hillel, =2=, 618.
=Gans, David.= _See_ David Gans.
=Gans, Edward=, apostate, =5=, 551, 587.
founder of the Society for Culture, =5=, 583.
selfishness of, =5=, 585.
reproaches the Jews, =5=, 586.
desires a professorship, =5=, 587.
compared with Riesser, =5=, 600.
compared with Steinheim, =5=, 607.
=Gaon=, title of the principal of the Sora Academy, =3=, 90-1, 93.
of the principal of the Pumbeditha academy, =3=, 93, 177.
of Isaac Ibn-Sakni, =3=, 285.
of the head of the Bagdad college, =3=, 429.
of Samuel ben Ali Halevi, =3=, 438.
of Eibeschütz, =5=, 289.
of Elijah Wilna, =5=, 389.
_See also_ Gaonate, the; Geonim, the; Pumbeditha, the academy of,
principals of; Sora, the academy of, principals of.
=Gaon of Castile=, Isaac Campanton, =4=, 230.
=Gaonate=, the, Anan ben David hostile to, =3=, 130.
European and African Jews independent of, =3=, 208, 210.
decline of, =3=, 231, 253.
_See also_ Gaon; Geonim, the.
=Garcilaso=, Spanish ambassador to Rome, opposes the Portuguese
Marranos, =4=, 379.
=Gascony, the Jews of=, under Henry II, =3=, 409.
banished, =3=, 646.
during the Pastoureaux massacres, =4=, 56.
“=Gate of Heaven=, The,” Kabbalistic work by Abraham de Herrera, =5=,
54.
=Gates=, the, of the second Temple, =2=, 111.
=Gath=, Philistine city, =1=, 54, 80.
surrendered to the Israelites, =1=, 117.
returned to the Philistines, =1=, 117-18.
conquered by Hazael, =1=, 221.
conquered by Uzziah, =1=, 231.
“=Gatherer=, The,” (Ha-Meassef), a Hebrew journal, =5=, 399.
editors of, =5=, 400.
interest in, =5=, 403, 404.
contributors to, in Berlin, =5=, 411.
=Gatiño, Ezra.= _See_ Ezra Gatiño.
=Gaucelin, de=, lords of Lünel, Jews under, =3=, 396.
=Gaul=, early Jewish settlements in, =3=, 35.
=Gaul, the Jews of=, =3=, 35-40.
names borne by, =3=, 36.
intermarry with Christians, =3=, 36.
obey the dietary laws, =3=, 36.
treated with hostility, =3=, 37-40.
=Gaulanitis= (Gaulonitis), invaded by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 44, 45.
given to Philip, =2=, 119.
given to Agrippa II, =2=, 245.
a field in, given to Judah II, =2=, 482.
=Gauls=, body-guard of Cleopatra, given to Herod, =2=, 103.
=Gayo da Rieti.= _See_ Moses ben Isaac da Rieti.
=Gayo, Maëstro.= _See_ Isaac ben Mordecai.
=Gaza=, Philistine port, =1=, 54.
left in possession of the Philistines, =1=, 117.
frontier town of Israel, =1=, 129.
taken by Necho, =1=, 297.
taken by Alexander the Great, =1=, 412.
battle of, =1=, 417.
Greek citizens of, resist Joseph, =1=, 425.
Jewish prisoners sold at the slave markets of, =2=, 419.
proclaimed the Holy City of the Sabbatians, =5=, 132.
Jews of, flee before Napoleon, =5=, 459.
=Gaza, the district of=, overrun by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 40.
surrenders to Ptolemy VIII, =2=, 40.
taken by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 41.
=Gazara=, fortified by Bacchides, =1=, 491.
surrenders to Simon Tharsi, =1=, 523.
fortified by Simon Tharsi, =1=, 524.
the son of Simon Tharsi at, =1=, 525.
claimed by Antiochus Sidetes, =2=, 4-5.
a Synhedrion established at, =2=, 71.
=Geba.= _See_ Gibeah.
=Gedaliah=, son of Ahikam, overseer of the Judæan fugitives, =1=,
315.
governor of Judah, disciple of Jeremiah, =1=, 319.
guardian of Zedekiah’s daughters, =1=, 319.
joined by Jeremiah, =1=, 320.
erects a sanctuary at Mizpah, =1=, 321.
informed of Ishmael’s treachery, =1=, 322.
murder of, =1=, 322.
a fast on the anniversary of the murder of, =1=, 325.
=Gedaliah Levi=, quarrels with Vital Calabrese, =5=, 52.
=Gedalya Ibn-Yachya= (of the Italian branch, 1515-1587), historian,
expelled from Ravenna, =4=, 592.
works of, =4=, 616.
consulted by Basnage, =5=, 196.
=Gedalya Ibn-Yachya I= (of the Turkish branch), patron of Jewish
literature, =4=, 609.
=Gedalya Ibn-Yachya II=, patron of Jewish literature, =4=, 609.
=Gehazi=, disciple of Elisha, =1=, 218.
recounts Elisha’s deeds, =1=, 223.
=Ge-henna.= _See_ Hinnom.
=Geiger, Abraham= (1810-1874), scholar, characteristics of, =5=, 626.
attitude of, towards the Talmud, =5=, 626, 669.
devoted to the reform of Judaism, =5=, 626.
journal of, =5=, 626, 632.
at the Frankfort rabbinical conference, =5=, 685.
=Gelasius=, pope, kind to Jews, =3=, 29.
=Geldern, Betty von=, Heine’s mother, =5=, 545.
=Gelil Haggoyim=, =1=, 164. _See_ Galilee.
=Gelimer=, grandson of Genseric, in the triumph of Belisarius, =3=,
26.
=Gemara.= _See_ Talmud, the Babylonian.
=Gemara di Bene Ma’araba.= _See_ Talmud, the Jerusalem.
=Gematria=, Kabbalistic term, =4=, 5.
=Gemmingen, Uriel von=, archbishop of Mayence, the Frankfort Jews
appeal to, =4=, 430.
not friendly to Pfefferkorn, =4=, 430, 431.
appointed commissary, =4=, 437.
and the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
favors the Jews, =4=, 438.
delays the execution of the judgment against Reuchlin, =4=, 452.
“=General Privilege=” for the Jews, issued by Frederick the
Great, =5=, 304.
=Genesareth.= _See_ Tiberias, lake.
=Genesis=, treatise on, by Samuel Ibn-Tibbon, =3=, 398.
=Geneva=, the lake of, scene of Black Death persecutions, =4=, 103-4.
=Genoa=, commerce of, in the fifteenth century, =4=, 285.
suffering of the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 362-3.
Judah Leon Abrabanel in, =4=, 384.
=Genoa, the Jews of=, under the Ostrogoths, =3=, 28.
seek permission to repair the synagogue, =3=, 30.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
banished, =4=, 553-4.
=Genseric=, the Vandal, carries the Temple vessels to Africa, =2=,
611.
=Gentz, Frederick von=, on Jewish women, =5=, 413.
immorality of, =5=, 423.
reactionary leader, =5=, 477, 512.
=Geonim=, the, beginning of the epoch of, =3=, 90-1.
history of, dark, =3=, 92.
duties of, =3=, 93.
power of, as viewed by the Jews of distant lands, =3=, 100.
decisions of, binding, =3=, 118-19.
opposed to the Exilarchs, =3=, 137.
literary works of, in the ninth century, =3=, 178-9.
favor scientific pursuits, =3=, 187.
responses of, criticised, =3=, 198.
chronicle of, by Sherira, =3=, 233.
Talmudic work of, surpassed by Spanish Talmudists, =3=, 282.
_See also_ Gaon; Gaonate, the; Pumbeditha, the academy of,
principals of; Sora, the academy of, principals of.
=George II=, of England, ratifies the naturalization of the Jews,
=5=, 337-8.
=George=, of Hesse, forbids the use of a sentence in the Alenu
prayer, =5=, 185.
=George=, bishop of Speyer, tries the Reuchlin-Hoogstraten case,
=4=, 454-5.
=Gepidæ=, the, overrun Rome, =3=, 27.
=Gerasa=, besieged by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 45.
=Gere ha-Zedek=, true proselytes, in the daily prayers, =2=, 384.
=Gerizim, Mount=, description of, =1=, 45.
the Samaritan Temple on, =1=, 390.
Temple of, destroyed, =2=, 8.
temple to Jupiter on, =2=, 422.
=Gerlach=, archbishop of Mayence, obtains Jews as “servi cameræ” =4=,
128.
=German-Frankish empire=, the. _See_ Franks, the, the empire of.
=German language=, the, carried to Poland by German Jews, =4=, 421.
=German merchants= antagonize Jews in Poland, =4=, 632.
=German translation of the Bible= by Luther, =4=, 469, 475.
by Sachs, =5=, 693.
=German translation of the Pentateuch by Mendelssohn.= _See under_
Pentateuch, the.
=Germans=, the simplicity of, =4=, 422.
purity of, =4=, 423.
=Germanus, Moses=, proselyte, =5=, 177-8.
=Germany=, Jewish emigrants from, held up in Lombardy, =3=, 638-9.
refuge of the Jews banished from England, =3=, 646.
preferred to Spain by the Asherides, =4=, 90, 96.
re-admits Jews soon after the Black Death, =4=, 127-8.
French exiles settle in, =4=, 177.
exiles from, take refuge in Poland, =4=, 263.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471.
Messianic hopes connected with Solomon Molcho in, =4=, 497.
Portuguese Marranos perish in, =4=, 509.
religious parties in, =5=, 25.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 160, 228.
Chayim Malach in, =5=, 214.
feeling of solidarity developed in, =5=, 515.
the romantic movement in, =5=, 515-16.
debt of, to Börne and Heine, =5=, 556.
_See also_ Franks, the, the empire of.
=Germany, the Jews of=, in the sixth century, =3=, 40-1.
advanced under Charlemagne, =3=, 141.
yield precedence to the Jews of Spain, =3=, 236.
under the Saxon emperors, =3=, 241, 242-3.
compelled to be tradesmen, =3=, 242-3.
lack of culture among, =3=, 243.
not creative in the eleventh century, =3=, 281.
occupations of, =3=, 281.
compared with the Christians, =3=, 281.
devoted to the study of the Talmud, =3=, 281, 419.
suffer during the crusades, =3=, 297, 351-4.
under Henry IV, =3=, 298.
expect the Messiah, =3=, 298.
dependent on the emperor, =3=, 308.
gloom and bigotry of, =3=, 309.
debts owing to, repudiated by the pope, =3=, 349.
become “servi cameræ,” =3=, 356-7, 416-17, 516, 569.
degradation of, =3=, 357.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 416-21.
protected by the emperors during the crusades, =3=, 416.
privileges of, =3=, 417-18.
massacred under Henry VI, =3=, 418-19.
high morality of, =3=, 419.
little affected by the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 516-17.
heavily taxed, =3=, 517.
naïve faith of, =3=, 549.
accused of aiding Jenghis-Khan, =3=, 580-1.
charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 583-5, 635.
persecuted after Frederick II’s death, =3=, 611-12.
address Solomon ben Adret for religious decisions, =3=, 620.
in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 624.
piety of, =3=, 625.
determine to emigrate, =3=, 634, 637.
offer to ransom Meïr of Rothenburg, =3=, 639-40.
persecuted by Rindfleisch, =4=, 35-7.
neglect the Talmud in the fourteenth century, =4=, 96.
under Louis IV, =4=, 96-7.
during the Armleder persecutions, =4=, 97-8.
during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 105-111.
intellectual decay among, =4=, 133-4.
effect of persecution on, =4=, 166.
under Sigismund, =4=, 218.
privileges of, confirmed, =4=, 219.
liturgy of, compiled by Maharil, =4=, 225.
fast during the Hussite wars, =4=, 225-6.
neglect the Talmud in the fifteenth century, =4=, 227.
hatred of, increases, =4=, 248; =5=, 528, 532-3.
bear the expenses of the Council of Constance, =4=, 248.
under Albert II, =4=, 249.
terrified by John of Capistrano, =4=, 258.
urged to emigrate to Turkey, =4=, 271-3.
under Frederick III, =4=, 293-4, 413.
influence the Jews of Italy, =4=, 294.
speak a corrupt jargon, =4=, 388-9.
representative of, =4=, 414.
uncertain lot of, under Maximilian I, =4=, 414-15.
find a refuge in Poland, =4=, 418, 420.
carry the German language to Poland, =4=, 421.
expulsion of, proposed, =4=, 427.
ordered to submit their books to Pfefferkorn, =4=, 429.
citizens of the Holy Roman Empire, =4=, 443.
the extermination of, planned, =4=, 462-3.
narrow-mindedness of, =4=, 479.
adherents of Asher Lämmlein, =4=, 483.
suffer through the Protestant Reformation, =4=, 542-3.
submit questions to the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 639.
submit disputes to the Synod of the Four Countries, =4=, 644.
during the Catholic reaction, =4=, 652, 653.
seek refuge in Amsterdam, =4=, 680.
in the seventeenth century, =4=, 694-5.
under Matthias, =4=, 700-1.
and the Thirty Years’ War, =4=, 701.
help the Jews of Poland, =4=, 707-8; =5=, 16.
intercede for the Jews of Vienna, =5=, 171.
poverty of, =5=, 205.
Dohm’s apology begins the emancipation of, =5=, 356-7.
after Mendelssohn’s death, =5=, 395-6.
attracted to French literature, =5=, 411.
apostasy among, =5=, 420.
decay of morality among, =5=, 422.
emancipated by the French, =5=, 459.
not well thought of, =5=, 461-3.
subject to the poll-tax, =5=, 464.
in the constitution drawn up by Humboldt, =5=, 514.
attacked by J. F. Fries, =5=, 521.
defenders of, =5=, 521-3, 533-4.
the “hep, hep!” persecutions of, =5=, 528-32.
writers among, =5=, 534-5.
rapid advance of, =5=, 557.
under Polish influence, =5=, 558.
estranged from Judaism, =5=, 560.
influenced by Bernays and Mannheimer, =5=, 582.
effect of the July Revolution on, =5=, 598, 600.
forced into reforms, =5=, 628.
and the Damascus affair, =5=, 669.
rupture among, =5=, 672, 674.
=Germany, the Jews of, emancipation of.= _See_ Emancipation of the
German Jews, the.
=Germany, rabbis of=, in sympathy with Solomon Petit, =3=, 627.
insignificance of, =4=, 133.
willing to excommunicate Luzzatto, =5=, 241.
oppose the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
protest against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, =5=, 682.
=Germany, North=, the Jews of, few in number, =4=, 111.
the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 469.
Jews tolerated in the towns of, =4=, 686.
=Germany, South, the Jews of=, charged with the blood accusation, =4=,
227.
attacked by Lutheran peasants, =4=, 542.
=Germany, Young=, the creation of Börne and Heine, =5=, 556.
compelled to advocate Jewish emancipation, =5=, 602.
=Gerona=, Serachya Halevi Gerundi persecuted by the Jews of, =3=, 389.
home of the Kabbala, =3=, 556; =4=, 1.
the Jews of, persecuted, =4=, 172.
=Geronimo de Santa Fé.= _See_ Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives Allorqui.
=Gerrick=, commissioner of Louis the Pious to Agobard, =3=, 166.
=Gershom ben Jehuda= (960-1028), disciple of Leontin, founds a Talmud
school at Mayence, =3=, 242, 243.
writes commentaries on the Talmud, =3=, 243-4.
authority of, =3=, 244, 245.
studies the Massora, =3=, 244.
forbids polygamy, =3=, 244.
regulates the carrying of letters, =3=, 244-5.
penitential hymns by, =3=, 246.
son of, an apostate, =3=, 246.
protects repentant apostates, =3=, 246.
memory of, perpetuated by the Mayence community, =3=, 247.
consults Haï Gaon, =3=, 252.
introduces Talmud study in France and Germany, =3=, 281.
Talmudical work of, supplanted by Rashi’s, =3=, 288.
abrogation of the polygamy ordinance of, =3=, 378.
=Gerson, Christian=, vilifies the Talmud, =5=, 181.
=Gersonides.= _See_ Levi ben Gerson.
=Gerundi.= _See_ En-Vidal Ephraim; Jacob ben Sheshet; Jonah ben
Abraham; Nissim; Serachya Halevi.
=Gerville, Cahier de=, favors the emancipation of the Jews,
=5=, 444-5.
=Gesenius=, exegete, =5=, 623, 695.
=Gesereth ha-Roïm.= _See_ Pastoureaux.
=Gesereth Mezoraim=, the persecution caused by lepers in France,
=4=, 57-8.
=Ghassanids=, the, Arab tribe, =3=, 67, 68.
=Ghatafan=, the, Arab tribe, induced to make war upon Mahomet, =3=,
79.
distrustful of their allies, =3=, 80.
promise help to the Jews of Chaibar, =3=, 82.
=Ghazati.= _See_ Nathan Benjamin Levi.
=Ghent=, the Jews of, expelled, =4=, 662.
=Ghetto=, Venetian Jew quarter, the first in Italy, =4=, 408.
_See_ Jew’s quarter.
=Ghinucci, Geronimo de=, cardinal, and the Portuguese Inquisition,
=4=, 507, 516, 520.
=Ghirondi=, rabbi of Padua, scholar, =5=, 622.
=Ghuzz=, Turkish tribe, allied with the Jews of Khorasan, =3=, 434.
=Gibbethon=, Danite city, occupied by the Philistines, =1=, 189.
attacked by Elah’s army, =1=, 192.
Omri chosen king at, =1=, 192.
=Gibeah= (Geba), Philistine garrison of, killed by Jonathan, =1=, 85.
Saul’s capital, =1=, 89, 91.
inhabitants of, flee before the Philistines, =1=, 104.
=Gibeon=, Joshua’s victory at, =1=, 34-5.
seat of a high priest, =1=, 120.
=Gibeonites=, the, submit to Joshua, =1=, 34.
massacre of, under Saul, =1=, 94.
murder the descendants of Saul, =1=, 123.
under Ezra, =1=, 367.
=Gibraltar=, the fortress of, asked as a refuge for Marranos, =4=,
282.
=Gideon=, judge, delivers the Israelites from the Midianites,
=1=, 62-3.
the ideal of Oliver Cromwell, =5=, 26.
=Gihon=, river west of Jerusalem, =1=, 114.
=Gilboa=, mount, description of, =1=, 44.
battle of, between Saul and the Philistines, =1=, 103.
=Gilead=, balm of, where found, =1=, 43.
description of, =1=, 50.
first scene of Elijah’s activity, =1=, 200.
=Gilead, the inhabitants of=, prosperity of, =1=, 64.
appeal to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474-5.
emigrate to Judæa, =1=, 476.
=Gilgal=, camp of the Israelites, =1=, 32, 40.
Samuel holds popular assemblies at, =1=, 78.
Saul at, =1=, 85-6.
the tribes pay homage to Saul at, =1=, 90.
Samuel reproves Saul at, =1=, 92-3.
David met at, by the men of Judah, =1=, 146, 147.
an association of prophets at, =1=, 205.
visited by Elijah, =1=, 208.
development of the prophetical school at, =1=, 234.
=Gilion=, Evangels, =2=, 378.
=Gil-Nunjoz=, bishop of Palma, charges the Jews with the blood
accusation, =4=, 246.
=Gilo=, birthplace of Ahithophel, =1=, 123.
=Gimso=, explanation of, =2=, 330.
_See_ Emmaus.
=Ginæa=, murder of Galilæans at, =2=, 243.
=Girgashites=, the, subdivision of the Canaanites, =1=, 3.
=Gischala=, the Judæans of, forced into insurrection, =2=, 272-3.
in possession of the Zealots, =2=, 289.
taken by Titus, =2=, 290.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
=Giulio=, cardinal, and Reubeni, =4=, 492.
=Giza=, teacher of the Law, flees during Kobad’s persecutions,
=3=, 4.
principal of the Sora academy, =3=, 5.
Saburean, =3=, 6.
commits the Talmud to writing, =3=, 6-7.
successors to, not known, =3=, 7.
=Gladiatorial= combats introduced into Antioch, =1=, 444.
=Glaphyra=, daughter of Archelaus of Cappadocia, wife of Alexander,
=2=, 112.
second and third husband and son of, =2=, 128.
=Glass-working=, occupation of the Antioch Jews, =3=, 426.
=Gleaning=, the right of, granted to heathens, =2=, 478.
=Gleim=, admires “Phædon,” =5=, 307.
=Gley=, priest, interested in Napoleon’s Synhedrion, =5=, 494.
=Glogau=, the Jews of, massacred, =4=, 111.
Chayon at, =5=, 218.
Jews from, settle in Brandenburg, =5=, 174.
“=Glorious Stone=, or the Image of Nebuchadnezzar, The,” by Manasseh
ben Israel, =5=, 37-8.
“=Glory= to the Virtuous,” drama by Luzzatto, =5=, 242-4.
=Glynn=, Lord Chief Justice, on Cromwell’s commission for the Jewish
question, =5=, 43.
=Gnosis=, the higher knowledge of God, =2=, 374.
=Gnosticism=, spread of, =2=, 374.
sects of, =2=, 375.
system of, =2=, 375-7.
influence of, on Judaism, =2=, 377, 380-1.
Akiba deprecates the influence of, =2=, 382.
=Gnostics=, the, theosophists, =2=, 374-7.
mystic-allegoric language of, =2=, 374.
the God of, =1=, 375-6.
influence Elisha ben Abuya, =2=, 377.
tamper with the Septuagint, =2=, 386.
hostility of, accentuates the legal character of Judaism, =2=, 471.
=God=, the name of, not pronounced, =2=, 413.
=Godard=, and the emancipation of the French Jews, =5=, 443.
=God-flesh, Francisco.= _See_ Astruc Raimuch.
=Godfrey=, bishop of Würzburg, grants privileges to the Jews, =4=,
259.
banishes the Jews, =4=, 259-60.
=Godfrey of Bouillon=, takes Jerusalem, =3=, 308.
=Goethe=, admires “Phædon,” =5=, 307.
expresses regard for Solomon Maimon, =5=, 409.
romanticism of, =5=, 423.
prejudices of, against the Jews, =5=, 461, 462.
=Goldberg, Samuel Löb=, founder of the “Kerem Chemed,” =5=, 621.
=Goldbergs=, the, Hebrew style of, =5=, 617.
“=Golden Bull=,” the, issued at the Diet of Nuremberg, =4=, 128.
“=Golden Penny=,” the, tax imposed on the Jews, =4=, 96-7, 166.
=Goldschmidt, Moritz=, founder of the “Israelitische Allianz,”
=5=, 703.
=Goldsmid brothers=, the, in the Damascus affair, =5=, 645.
=Golgotha=, the place of skulls, =2=, 165.
temple to Venus on, =2=, 422.
=Goliath=, Philistine champion, =1=, 95.
killed by David, =1=, 97.
=Gomez=, archbishop of Toledo, at the Burgos disputation, =4=, 140.
=Gomez, Antonio Enriquez de.= _See_ Paz, Enrique Enriquez de.
=Gomez, Duarte.= _See_ Usque, Solomon.
=Gomez, Isaac, de Sosa=, Marrano poet, =5=, 113.
=Gonsalvo de Cordova=, viceroy of Naples, employs a Jewish physician,
=4=, 384-5.
descendant of, a Jewish author, =4=, 385, 666; =5=, 54.
opposes the banishment of the Jews, =4=, 385.
dismissal of, =4=, 385.
=Gonzago, Ludovico=, duke, employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 287.
=Gonzago, Vicenzo=, duke of Mantua, permits the use of the expurgated
Talmud, =4=, 659.
=Gonzalez, Luis=, Marrano, tries to suppress the Inquisition, =4=,
329.
=Gonzalo de Santa Maria=, son of Solomon Levi, Benedict XIII’s agent,
=4=, 216, 217.
=Good Friday.= _See_ Eastertide.
“=Good News= of the Messiah for Israel,” by Paul Felgenhauer, =5=,
36.
=Gorgias=, Syrian general, invades Judæa, =1=, 467.
at Emmaus, =1=, 468.
defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 468-9, 476.
=Görres=, romanticist, =5=, 516.
=Goshen=, home of the Israelites in Egypt, =1=, 7.
in the Zohar, =4=, 23.
=Gospels=, the four, translated into Hebrew, =4=, 143.
=Gotha=, the Jews of, during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 109.
=Goths=, the, invade the Roman empire, =2=, 527.
in Rome, =3=, 27.
=Göttingen=, Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
=Gottschalk=, crusader, and the Jews, =3=, 298.
=Göze=, opponent of Lessing, =5=, 326.
=Gozolas=, name borne by Gallic Jews, =3=, 36.
=Gracian.= _See_ Solomon Gracian.
=Gradis, David=, member of Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
representative French Jew, =5=, 436, 438.
=Graes, Ortuin de= (Ortuinus Gratius), inspires anti-Jewish
pamphlets, =4=, 424.
writes the “Mirror for Admonition,” =4=, 425.
helps Pfefferkorn with “The Enemy of the Jews,” =4=, 428.
tool of Hoogstraten, =4=, 450.
“Letters of Obscurantists” directed against, =4=, 461.
=Grammar, a Hebrew=, by Saadiah in Arabic, =3=, 190.
by Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen, =3=, 204.
by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 261.
by Ibn-Janach, =3=, 262-3.
by Yizchaki, =3=, 273.
by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371.
by David Kimchi, =3=, 394.
by Profiat Duran, =4=, 191.
by Judah ben Yechiel, =4=, 289-90.
by Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 267.
by Reuchlin, =4=, 434.
by Elias Levita, =4=, 472.
=Grammar, Hebrew, the study of=, stimulated by Karaism, =3=, 136.
among the Spanish Jews, =3=, 235, 317; =4=, 91.
decays in the post-Maimunic period, =3=, 561.
=Grammarians and Lexicographers=, Jewish, list of:
Aaron ben Asher,
Abraham de Balmes,
Abraham ben Meïr Ibn-Ezra,
Abu Ibrahim Isaac Ibn-Kastar ben Yasus,
Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen,
David de Pomis,
David Kimchi,
Dunash ben Labrat,
Elias Levita,
Jacob Tam,
Jehuda Ibn-Balam,
Jehuda Ibn-Daud,
Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi,
Jonah Marinus,
Joseph ben Isaac Kimchi,
Judah ben Yechiel,
Lara, David Coen de
Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi,
Menachem ben Saruk,
Moses ben Asher,
Moses ben Samuel Ibn-G’ikatilia,
Moses Kimchi,
Musaphia, Benjamin
Nachshon ben Zadok,
Nathan ben Yechiel,
Profiat Duran,
Saadiah,
Samuel Halevi Ibn-Nagrela,
Solomon Ibn-Gebirol,
Solomon Lurya.
=Granada=, called the city of the Jews, =3=, 42.
the Jews masters of, =3=, 109.
Talmud school of, =3=, 236.
Cordova Jews emigrate to, =3=, 255.
capital of the Berber kingdom, =3=, 256.
home of the descendants of the Exilarchs, =3=, 275.
massacre of the Arabs of, =3=, 276-7.
invaded by Almotassem, =3=, 278.
Mahometan court of, cultured, =3=, 291.
conspiracy against the Mahometans of, =3=, 316.
home of the Ibn-Ezra brothers, =3=, 318.
Talmud school of, destroyed, =3=, 384.
Samuel Ibn-Wakar farms the import duties of, =4=, 80-1.
at war with Castile, =4=, 84-5.
ally of Pedro the Cruel, =4=, 125, 126.
forced converts emigrate to, =4=, 179, 318, 351.
war of Ferdinand and Isabella with, =4=, 344.
Jewish physicians of, =4=, 344.
fall of, =4=, 345-6.
entered by Ferdinand and Isabella, =4=, 345.
Jews disappear from, =4=, 354.
autos-da-fé in, =5=, 91-2.
=Granada, the Jews of=, Samuel Ibn-Nagrela chief of, =3=, 259.
enjoy complete equality, =3=, 261.
Joseph Ibn-Nagrela chief of, =3=, 274.
arouse the hatred of the Berbers, =3=, 275, 278.
persecuted by the Berbers, =3=, 278-80, 281.
Arabic scholars, =4=, 60.
protected by Boabdil’s treaty, =4=, 345.
=Granville=, Lord, English ambassador at Paris, presents Montefiore
at court, =5=, 668.
=Granville, Ranulph de=, courtier of Richard I, protects the
Jews, =3=, 410.
=Grapte=, granddaughter of Helen of Adiabene, erects a palace in
Jerusalem, =2=, 219.
=Grattenauer=, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 468, 472.
refuted, =5=, 470, 471.
=Gratus, Valerius=, fourth procurator of Judæa, =2=, 135, 137.
=Great Assembly= (Keneseth ha-Gedolah), the, under Ezra and
Nehemiah, =1=, 381.
a permanent religious council, =1=, 394.
traditional laws ascribed to, =2=, 19.