Talmudists of, imported into Egypt, =3=, 444.
rabbis of, emigrate to Jerusalem, =3=, 505-6.
rabbis of, in sympathy with Solomon Petit, =3=, 627.
refuge of the Jews banished from England, =3=, 646.
quarrel about the chief rabbinate of, =4=, 152-3, 162.
the Protestant Reformation in, =4=, 469.
professorships for Hebrew instituted in, =4=, 471, 473, 474.
Portuguese Marranos arrested in, =4=, 509.
ambassador of, and Joseph Nassi, =4=, 595, 598-9.
Joseph Nassi seizes the merchant vessels of, =4=, 597.
the Measfim in, =5=, 401.
the first country to emancipate the Jews, =5=, 430.
congregations of, present addresses to the Synhedrion, =5=, 496.
Central Consistory of, keeps aloof from the Reform movement, =5=,
572.
=France, the Jews of=, participate in the memorial services at the
Babylonian academies, =3=, 101.
advanced under Charlemagne, =3=, 141.
devote themselves to the Agada, =3=, 160.
under Charles the Bald, =3=, 170-4.
decrees against, revived, =3=, 171.
tax levied on, =3=, 172.
antagonized by Bishop Amolo, =3=, 172-3.
exposed to Easter attacks, =3=, 173-4.
under Charles the Simple, =3=, 175.
treated as the wards of the king, =3=, 175.
yield precedence to the Jews of Spain, =3=, 236.
oppressed under the last Carlovingians and the first Capets,
=3=, 241-2.
the clergy arouse hatred against, =3=, 241.
accused of using spells against Christians, =3=, 242.
not creative in the eleventh century, =3=, 281.
occupations of, =3=, 281.
compared with the Christians, =3=, 281.
devoted to the study of the Talmud, =3=, 281, 343-5.
protected during the first crusade, =3=, 299.
beginnings of culture among, =3=, 343.
debts owing to, repudiated, =3=, 349-51.
Louis VII roused against, =3=, 349-50.
a persecution of, prevented, =3=, 351.
martyrdom of, during the second crusade, =3=, 354-6.
Jewish culture of, =3=, 357.
and the secular courts, =3=, 377.
observe a fast for the Jews of Blois, =3=, 380.
banished by Philip Augustus, =3=, 402-3.
charges against, by Innocent III, =3=, 499.
forbidden to employ Christian nurses, =3=, 508.
suffer during Gregory IX’s crusade, =3=, 570.
forced into Christianity, =3=, 570.
appeal to Gregory IX, =3=, 570.
under Louis IX, =3=, 570-1.
charged with usury, =3=, 571.
fast during the disputation with Donin, =3=, 577.
charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 583-5.
banished by Louis IX, =3=, 585-6.
return of, =3=, 586.
forced to wear a badge, =3=, 612.
address Solomon ben Adret for religious decisions, =3=, 620.
banished by Philip IV, =3=, 646; =4=, 46.
reasons for the exile of, =4=, 47.
suffering of, =4=, 47-9.
emigrate, =4=, 49.
recalled by Louis X, =4=, 53.
conditions for the re-admission of, =4=, 53-4.
privileges of, extended by Philip V, =4=, 54.
massacred by the Pastoureaux, =4=, 55-7.
accused of poisoning wells, =4=, 57.
permitted to return by John the Good, =4=, 129.
privileges granted to, =4=, 129-31, 150.
hostility to, =4=, 131, 132.
attacked by mobs, =4=, 151-2.
refuse to submit to the German chief rabbi, =4=, 152-3.
conditions of the residence of, in France, =4=, 174.
forced into usury, =4=, 174.
banished by Charles VI, =4=, 175-6.
remain in certain towns and provinces, =4=, 176-7.
settle in Germany and Italy, =4=, 177.
number of, =5=, 435.
not united for concerted action, =5=, 436.
petition for admission into the fraternity of the French
people, =5=, 438.
Saint Etienne speaks in behalf of, =5=, 439.
improvement of, planned by Berr Isaac Berr, =5=, 449.
interested in the government, =5=, 449-50.
and the religion of Reason, =5=, 451-2.
recognized as equals by the Constitution of the Directory, =5=, 452.
object to the poll-tax in Germany, =5=, 464-5.
in danger of losing their privileges, =5=, 474.
opposed by the reactionary party, =5=, 477-8.
deprived temporarily of civil equality, =5=, 482.
restrictive laws for, =5=, 498-9.
rights of, not curtailed after Napoleon’s fall, =5=, 512-13.
restrictions against not renewed, =5=, 524-5.
rapid advance of, =5=, 557.
under Polish influence, =5=, 558.
influenced by the Reform movement, =5=, 582-3.
and the Damascus affair, =5=, 644, 651.
asked to support Crémieux’s Eastern schools, =5=, 671.
=France, the Jews of, emancipation of.= _See_ Emancipation of the
French Jews, the.
=France, northern=, home of Talmudic studies after Rashi, =3=, 289.
rabbis of, at Donin’s disputation, =3=, 576.
=France, northern, the Jews of=, devoted to Talmud study, =3=, 289,
290, 345, 407-8.
expect the Messiah, =3=, 298.
prosperous in the twelfth century, =3=, 343.
banished during the third crusade, =3=, 405.
received by Philip Augustus, =3=, 405-6.
not permitted to move from province to province, =3=, 406.
forbidden to buy property confiscated from Jews, =3=, 406-7.
treated as bondmen, =3=, 407.
naïve faith of, =3=, 549.
wear Jew badges, =3=, 612.
=France, southern=, Judæans in, =2=, 203.
culture and rulers of, =3=, 390.
tolerance in, =3=, 390.
Spanish culture introduced into, =3=, 392.
Jews from, in Palestine, =3=, 427-8.
rabbis of, renounce Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 539, 541.
_See also_ Languedoc; Narbonne; Provence.
=France, southern, the Jews of=, dependent on vassal princes, =3=,
242.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 389-91.
idolize Maimonides, =3=, 488-9.
Maimonides on, =3=, 492.
relation of, to the Albigenses, =3=, 501, 513-14.
suffer during the Albigensian crusade, =3=, 501-3.
not employed as state officials, =3=, 503-4.
send delegates to the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 509.
struggle against badges, =3=, 513.
Innocent III’s decrees enforced against, =3=, 518.
Maimunists, =3=, 526-7.
excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 530.
philosophical leanings of, =3=, 549.
ordered to enter into disputations with Pablo Christiani, =3=, 602.
obtain the abrogation of the law on badges, =3=, 612.
persecuted in the fourteenth century, =4=, 53.
during the Pastoureaux rising, =4=, 56-7.
massacred on the charge of having caused the Black Death, =4=, 102.
hostility towards, =4=, 132.
=Francesco Maria I=, duke of Urbino, brings Molcho to Pesaro, =4=,
501.
=Francesco Maria II=, duke of Urbino, David de Pomis dedicates a book
to, =4=, 657.
=Francis I=, of Austria, emperor, imposes restrictions on the
Jews, =5=, 508.
the Jews under, =5=, 523.
intolerance of, =5=, 579.
=Francis I=, of France, patron of Hebrew learning, =4=, 473.
=Franciscans= (Minorites), the, order of, originates in the Fourth
Lateran Council, =3=, 509.
persecutions by, in southern France, =3=, 519.
in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 542-3.
judges of the Talmud, =3=, 575.
free English Jews imprisoned on the blood accusation, =3=, 591.
censors of the Talmud, =3=, 603.
in Hungary, =3=, 614.
mock at the Dominicans, =3=, 641.
object to a synagogue on Mount Zion, =4=, 274.
espouse Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 457.
=Franciscus of Sardinia=, persecutes the Damascus Jews, =5=, 639-40.
=Franco, (Christoval) Mordecai Mendes=, Marrano in Holland, =4=, 667.
=Franco, Nicolo=, papal nuncio, urges the Inquisition for
Marranos, =4=, 310.
=Franco, Samuel=, Kabbalist, =4=, 405.
=Franconia, the Jews of=, suffer during the Rindfleisch persecution,
=4=, 35.
privileges granted to, =4=, 259.
banished, =4=, 259-60.
attacked by Lutheran peasants, =4=, 542.
persecuted, =5=, 529.
=Frank, Eva=, daughter of Jacob Frank, =5=, 289.
=Frank, Jacob=, roguery of, =5=, 272.
joins the Sabbatians, =5=, 272.
accepts Islam, =5=, 272.
Kabbalistic views of, =5=, 273.
considered an incarnation of the Messiah, =5=, 273, 274.
leader of the Polish Sabbatians, =5=, 273-4.
prayers addressed to, =5=, 274.
emigrates to Turkey, =5=, 276.
advises his followers to accept Christianity, =5=, 278-9, 284.
invited to return to Podolia, =5=, 283.
baptized, =5=, 287-8.
betrayed, =5=, 288.
end of the career of, =5=, 289.
=Fränkel, David=, rabbi of Berlin, Mendelssohn’s teacher, =5=, 293-4.
=Fränkel, Jonas=, founder of the Breslau Seminary, =5=, 700.
=Frankel, Sæckel=, compiles Hebrew prayers, =5=, 564.
=Frankel, Zachariah= (1801-1875), orthodox leader, compared with
Holdheim, =5=, 684.
character and scientific activity of, =5=, 684, 694-5.
attitude of, towards reforms, =5=, 684-5.
at the Frankfort rabbinical conference, =5=, 685.
founder of the Breslau seminary, =5=, 700.
=Frankenberg, Abraham von=, mystic, on the restoration of
Israel, =5=, 24.
=Frankfort=, duchy of, created, =5=, 505.
=Frankfort-on-the-Main=, diet at, to consider the Jewish question,
=4=, 463, 464.
Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
refuses to receive Portuguese Jews, =4=, 695.
Polish-Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 17, 206.
Joseph Delmedigo at, =5=, 80.
“Judaism Unmasked” printed at, =5=, 189.
Judah Chassid at, =5=, 213.
Moses Meïr Kamenker at, =5=, 229-30.
Börne’s life in, =5=, 539.
without a rabbi, =5=, 566.
Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
honor shown to Crémieux at, =5=, 668.
the Reform movement in, =5=, 674.
rabbinical conference at, =5=, 683-4, 685-6.
=Frankfort-on-the-Main, the Jews of=, burn themselves to escape
persecution, =4=, 109.
charged with child murder, =4=, 299-300.
threatened with expulsion, =4=, 417, 696.
confiscation of the books of, by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 429-30, 438.
appeal to Uriel von Gemmingen, =4=, 430.
send a representative to Maximilian I, =4=, 430-1, 436-7.
extermination of, suggested by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 463.
submit disputes to the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 639.
number of, =4=, 694.
antipathy to, =4=, 694-5.
restrictions imposed on, =4=, 695-6, 700.
houses of labeled, =4=, 696.
attacked by Fettmilch, =4=, 697.
flee, =4=, 697-8.
re-admitted, =4=, 699.
celebrate Purim-Vincent, =4=, 700.
protected by Ferdinand II, =4=, 701.
oppose Eibeschütz’s Talmud edition, =5=, 251.
petition for emancipation, =5=, 465-6.
miserable condition of, =5=, 466.
relieved of the poll-tax, =5=, 468.
oppressed, =5=, 503.
freed from the Ghetto, =5=, 504.
new laws for, =5=, 504-5.
emancipation of, =5=, 505.
under restrictions after Napoleon’s fall, =5=, 512, 520.
send deputies to the Congress of Vienna, =5=, 513.
rely on Prussia and Austria, =5=, 520-1.
persecuted, =5=, 529.
purchase political rights, =5=, 541.
=Frankfort-on-the-Main, the senate of=, orders the surrender of
Hebrew books, =4=, 429.
withdraws aid from Pfefferkorn, =4=, 430.
forbids the sale of Hebrew books, =4=, 431.
protects Hebrew books on sale at the Fair, =4=, 438.
directed to return the Hebrew books, =4=, 439.
discusses the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 598.
and circumcision, =5=, 676-7.
=Frankfort-on-the-Oder=, the theological faculty of, permits Jews to
live in Hamburg, =4=, 687.
Jews settle in, =5=, 174.
regulations for the Fair at, =5=, 415.
=Frankfurter, Naphtali=, devotee of the Kabbala, =5=, 55.
complains of the scorn for the Talmud, =5=, 56.
=Frankists=, the, Sabbatian sect, origin of, =5=, 274.
opposed to Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 274.
charged with dissoluteness, =5=, 275-6.
excommunicated, =5=, 276-7.
the persecution of, sanctioned by Emden, =5=, 278.
handed over to the Inquisition, =5=, 278.
inclined towards Christianity, =5=, 278-9.
attacked by the Talmud Jews, =5=, 279.
charge the Talmud Jews with the blood accusation, =5=, 279.
favored by Bishop Dembowski, =5=, 279-80.
disputations of, with the Talmudists, =5=, 280, 281, 286-7.
confession of faith by, =5=, 280, 285.
persecuted, =5=, 283.
apply for baptism, =5=, 284.
baptized, =5=, 287.
customs of, =5=, 289.
families descended from, =5=, 289.
regard Eibeschütz as the great Gaon, =5=, 289.
=Frankists=, list of:
Chaya, daughter of Elisha Schor,
Krysa, Jehuda Leb
Nachman ben Samuel Levi,
Schor, Elisha
Solomon of Rohatyn.
=Franks, the, the empire of=, independent of the Church, =3=, 37.
Jew hatred introduced into, =3=, 38-9.
extent of, under Charlemagne, =3=, 142.
Jews spread in, =3=, 144.
=Franks, the, the empire of, the Jews of=, permitted to carry on the
slave trade, =3=, 34.
not considered a separate race, =3=, 35.
occupations of, =3=, 35-6.
protected by Charlemagne, =3=, 142.
education of, cared for by Charlemagne, =3=, 143.
oath imposed on, =3=, 144.
under Louis the Pious, =3=, 161-70.
have free access to court, =3=, 162.
synagogues of, visited by Christians, =3=, 163.
and Agobard of Lyons, =3=, 164-8.
=Frederick I Barbarossa=, emperor, considers the Jews “servi cameræ,”
=3=, 416-17.
includes Jews in his general peace, =3=, 418.
=Frederick II=, emperor, Jews under, =3=, 516.
introduces the Jew badge into Naples and Sicily, =3=, 518.
Gregory IX the enemy of, =3=, 519.
patron of learning, =3=, 565.
corresponds with a Jewish scholar, =3=, 565-6.
brings Jacob Anatoli to Naples, =3=, 566-7.
reproached with heterodoxy, =3=, 567, 580.
excludes Jews from public offices, =3=, 567.
censures Frederick the Valiant, =3=, 569.
executes the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 569.
lays imposts upon Jewish immigrants, =3=, 569.
forces Innocent IV to retire to Lyons, =3=, 584.
the Jews persecuted after the death of, =3=, 611.
=Frederick III=, emperor, has a Jewish favorite, =4=, 224.
accession of, =4=, 249.
Jews under, =4=, 293-4.
claims the Jews of Ratisbon, =4=, 300, 416.
orders Israel Bruna’s release, =4=, 303.
defers Israel Bruna’s execution, =4=, 304.
protects the Jews of Ratisbon, =4=, 305-6.
recommends the Jews to his son, =4=, 413.
daughter of, =4=, 428.
Reuchlin at the court of, =4=, 433.
ennobles Reuchlin, =4=, 435.
=Frederick V=, of Denmark, and the Eibeschütz controversy, =5=,
265, 269, 271.
wife of, =5=, 267.
reinstates Eibeschütz, =5=, 268.
=Frederick I=, of Prussia, Jews under, =5=, 190-1.
and the Alenu prayer, =5=, 191-2.
exerts himself in behalf of “Judaism Unmasked”, =5=, 192-3.
lays the Midrash Rabba under the ban, =5=, 194-5.
court-Jewess of, =5=, 219.
=Frederick II=, the Great, of Prussia, at war with Austria, =5=, 251.
reputed patron of the Jews, =5=, 251.
the Jews of Berlin under, =5=, 294.
illiberality of, =5=, 296.
poetry of, criticised by Mendelssohn, =5=, 302.
summons Mendelssohn to Sans-Souci, =5=, 302-3.
makes Mendelssohn a “Schutzjude,” =5=, 304.
antipathy of, to Jews, =5=, 304.
objects to Mendelssohn as a member of the Berlin Academy, =5=, 308.
enraged against Voltaire, =5=, 339.
appoints Dohm superintendent of the archives, =5=, 351.
in need of money, =5=, 396.
culture under, =5=, 410-11.
popularizes French literature, =5=, 411.
treatment of the Jews by, =5=, 414, 415.
=Frederick the Valiant, archduke of Austria, Jewish statute of=,
=3=, 567-9.
introduced into a number of countries, =3=, 569, 613-14.
confirmed by Rudolph of Habsburg, =3=, 635.
confirmed in Poland, =4=, 111.
=Frederick=, elector palatine, corresponds with Abraham Zacuto
Lusitano, =4=, 678.
re-admits the Jews into Worms, =4=, 699.
=Frederick the Wise=, elector of Saxony, patron of Luther, =4=, 469.
=Frederick=, commissioner sent by Louis the Pious to Agobard, =3=,
166.
=Frederick Franz=, duke of Mecklenburg, emancipates the Jews, =5=,
507.
=Frederick William=, elector of Brandenburg, invites Jewish exiles to
his state, =5=, 173-4.
=Frederick William I=, of Prussia, court Jew of, =5=, 219.
=Frederick William II=, of Prussia, and the emancipation of the Jews,
=5=, 414, 416.
Mirabeau on Prussia under, =5=, 419.
abrogates the poll-tax, =5=, 464.
=Frederick William III=, of Prussia, tutor of, =5=, 372.
attends Herz’s lectures, =5=, 406.
grants some political rights to Jews, =5=, 507, 508.
nullifies the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 524.
interrupts the Reform movement in Berlin, =5=, 563.
forbids Jews to bear Christian names, =5=, 630.
=Free Towns=, the. _See_ Hanse Towns, the.
=Freedom= of Conscience, in the French National Assembly, =5=, 439.
=Freemasons’ Lodge=, the first Jewish, hearth of the Reform
movement, =5=, 674.
=Freiburg, the Jews of=, protected during the Black Death
persecutions, =4=, 106.
burnt, =4=, 107.
=French=, the, in Naples, =4=, 384.
=French literature=, attracts the German Jews, =5=, 411.
=French Revolution=, the, characterized, =5=, 429.
outbreak of, =5=, 435.
excesses of, =5=, 436-7.
progress of, =5=, 441.
Jews take no part in the atrocities of, =5=, 450.
reaction from, =5=, 477-8.
=French translation=, a, of the Bible projected, =5=, 449.
=Frenks=, the. _See_ Frankists, the.
=Fresco, Moses=, rabbi of Constantinople, urges the Jews to study
Turkish, =5=, 664.
=Friedländer, Bärmann=, prominent Königsberg Jew, =5=, 397.
=Friedländer, David= (1750-1834), promotes the revival among
Jews, =5=, 397.
successor to Mendelssohn, =5=, 412.
urges the abolition of the Jewish poll-tax, =5=, 414.
representative of the Berlin Jewish community, =5=, 415.
director of the Berlin Free School, =5=, 416.
mediocrity of, =5=, 417.
deplores the decay of morality among Jews, =5=, 419.
makes overtures to the Church, =5=, 421-2, 426.
children of, baptized, =5=, 422.
leaves attacks on Judaism unanswered, =5=, 469.
consulted by Jacobson, =5=, 502.
efforts of for the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 508.
on the “hep, hep!” persecutions, =5=, 534.
influence of, on Heine, =5=, 546.
Heine’s criticism of, =5=, 547.
followers of, criticised by Bernays, =5=, 574-5.
and Mannheimer, =5=, 580.
member of the Society for Culture, =5=, 583.
Jost a disciple of, =5=, 595.
=Friedländer, Meyer=, prominent Königsberg Jew, =5=, 397.
=Friedländer, Wolf=, prominent Königsberg Jew, =5=, 397.
=Friedrichsfeld, David=, one of the Measfim, =5=, 400.
refutes Van Swieden, =5=, 454.
“=Friends= of Reform,” Society of the, =5=, 675-6.
=Fries, J. F.=, attacks the Jews, =5=, 521.
=Friesland, East=, Jews live in, =4=, 665.
=Frohbach=, astronomical work by, =4=, 638.
=Fronto=, guardian of Jerusalem, =2=, 311.
=Fuero juzgo=, Visigothic code, translated, =3=, 594-5.
=Fueros=, Spanish law of custom, grants citizenship to Jews, =3=, 292.
“=Fulfillment= of Prophecy, The,” by Pierre Jurieu, =5=, 176.
=Fulko de Neuilly=, preaches the third crusade, =3=, 405.
=Fulvia=, Roman patrician, proselyte, =2=, 136, 215.
=Funes=, the Jews of, attacked, =4=, 78.
=Furin al-Mizrayim=, Purim of Cairo, =4=, 396.
=Furtado, Abraham=, member of Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
a representative French Jew, =5=, 436.
deputy of the French Jews, =5=, 438.
ancestry and youth of, =5=, 483.
rôle played by, during the Revolution, =5=, 483.
president of the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 487.
speech of, in answer to the imperial commissioners, =5=, 489-90.
speeches of, before the Synhedrion, =5=, 495, 497.
view held by, of Judaism, =5=, 496.
informs Napoleon of anti-Jewish agitation, =5=, 498.
=Fürth=, the Jews of, indifferent to the confiscation of Hebrew
books, =4=, 438.
rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 17.
Jewish exiles from Vienna settle in, =5=, 173.
interdicts Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, =5=, 331-2.
Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
honor shown to Crémieux at, =5=, 668.
=Future life=, the, doctrine of, =1=, 404-6.
in the Mishna, =2=, 473.
=G=
=Gabaot=, Roman camp under Cestius Gallus, =2=, 265-6.
=Gabara=, ordered not to protect Josephus, =2=, 281.
taken by Vespasian, =2=, 286.
=Gabata=, Galilæan fortress, =2=, 56.
=Gabinius, Aulus=, governor of Syria, subdues Alexander, =2=, 70.
divides Judæa into provinces, =2=, 71.
defeats Alexander, =2=, 73.
=Gabriel=, the name of an angel, =1=, 403.
makes revelations to Mahomet, =3=, 71.
=Gad=, Chaldæan god of fortune, =1=, 340.
=Gad=, prophet, joins David, =1=, 100, 113.
orders David to sacrifice on Mt. Moriah, =1=, 138.
=Gad, the tribe of=, asks for land east of the Jordan, =1=, 29-30.
appeals to Samuel for help, =1=, 80.
territory of, taken by Hazael, =1=, 220.
descendants of, in Chaibar, =3=, 437.
=Gadara=, incorporated with Judæa, =2=, 103.
=Gaffarelli, Jacob=, Christian Kabbalist, taught by Leo Modena, =5=,
71.
=Gailan=, emir, persecutes Sabbatians, =5=, 151.
oppresses the Jews, =5=, 168.
=Galaïgo, Joseph Chayim=, addresses Mendelssohn, =5=, 369.
=Galaistes=, governor of Gabata, assists Aristobulus, =2=, 56.
=Galante, Moses=, adherent of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 132.
=Galatia=, a Greek-Christian community in, =2=, 227.
=Galatino=, interested in the Kabbala, =4=, 481, 583.
=Galba=, emperor, short reign of, =3=, 299.
=Galen=, writings of, elaborated by Maimonides, =3=, 473.
=Galerius=, emperor, persecutes Christianity, =2=, 539.
=Galicia, the Jews of=, proscribed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
resist the opening of secular schools, =5=, 394.
described by Rohrer, =5=, 472.
taxed, =5=, 508.
oppressed, =5=, 523.
affected by the Reform movement, =5=, 582.
beginnings of culture among, =5=, 611-12.
improvement of, undertaken by the “Israelitische Allianz,”
=5=, 703.
=Galician school=, the, founders of, =5=, 607.
Hebrew style of, =5=, 617.
contribute to the Kerem Chemed, =5=, 621.
inspire the contributors to the Scientific Journal, =5=, 625.
=Galilæan Synod=, the, second assembly of the teachers of the Law at
Usha, =2=, 434.
=Galilæans=, name given to Christians, =2=, 596.
=Galilee=, lake, description of, =1=, 42.
=Galilee=, province, description of, =1=, 45.
Gelil Haggoyim, =1=, 164.
appeals to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 475.
rescued by Simon Tharsi, =1=, 475.
Judæans of, emigrate, =1=, 475.
Judæans of, killed, =1=, 486.
restored to Judæa, =2=, 76.
declares in favor of Antigonus, =2=, 85.
subdued by Herod, =2=, 87.
given to Herod Antipas, =2=, 119.
Roman troops in, to fight Judas the Galilæan, =2=, 126.
under Herod Antipas, =2=, 137.
lack of culture in, =2=, 148.
morality in, =2=, 148.
language of, =2=, 148-9.
Jesus in the towns of, =2=, 157.
a Messiah from, not acceptable, =2=, 161.
given to Agrippa I, =2=, 177.
pilgrims from, murdered, =2=, 243.
under the command of Josephus, =2=, 272, 278-9.
divided into Upper and Lower, =2=, 272.
civil war in, =2=, 282-3.
strength of, broken by Josephus, =2=, 285, 286.
subject to Rome, =2=, 288.
Zealots of, possess three fortified places, =2=, 289.
end of the Roman conquest of, =2=, 290.
fugitives from, in Jerusalem, =2=, 291.
recovers under Jewish governors, =2=, 333.
the seat of the Synhedrion, =2=, 458.
Babylonian students in the academies of, =2=, 511.
first churches in, =2=, 565.
Jews inhabit the cities of, in the sixth century, =3=, 12.
prevalence of mysticism in, =4=, 617.
=Galilee, the Jews of=, join the Persian general, =3=, 19.
join an expedition against the Christians of Tyre, =3=, 20.
=Galileo=, teacher of Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 75.
=Gallaico, Elisha.= _See_ Elisha Gallaico.
=Gallienus=, emperor with Odenathus, =2=, 528.
=Gallipoli=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
=Gallus=, emperor, campaign of, against the Persians, =2=, 568.
death of, =2=, 572.
=Gallus, Cestius=, governor of Syria, on the turbulent state of
Judæa, =2=, 250-1.
arranges a demonstration in Jerusalem in 66, =2=, 251-2.
in communication with the Peace party, =2=, 257.
sends a deputy to Jerusalem, =2=, 257.
campaign of, near Jerusalem, =2=, 264-6.
retreats, =2=, 266-7.
losses of, =2=, 267.
death of, =2=, 284.
=Gama, Vasco da=, aided by Joseph Vecinho’s instruments, =4=, 367.
=Gamala=, capital of Gaulanitis, taken by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 45.
birthplace of Judas the Galilæan, =2=, 125.
focus of insurrection in Galilee, =2=, 273.
impregnable position of, =2=, 274.
refuge of the Babylonian Judæans, =2=, 275.
revolts from Agrippa II, =2=, 275.
taken by Vespasian, =2=, 289-90.
=Gamaliel I=, the Elder, grandson of Hillel, president of the
Synhedrion, =2=, 192-3.
gentle reforms of, =2=, 193.
grants heathens the right of gleaning, =2=, 478.
=Gamaliel II=, Patriarch, president of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=,
334.
tries to reconcile the schools of Hillel and Shammai, =2=,
335, 336-8.
humanity of, =2=, 336.
regulates the calendar, =2=, 336, 356.
journeys of, =2=, 336.
character of, misunderstood, =2=, 336.
inquires into the character of students of the Law, =2=, 338-9.
uses excommunication, =2=, 339-40, 347.
contest of, with Joshua ben Chananya, =2=, 340-2.
deposed, =2=, 341.
rejects Moabites and Ammonites as proselytes, =2=, 343.
reconciled with Joshua, =2=, 344-5.
reinstated, =2=, 345.
opposes Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, =2=, 347.
death of, =2=, 350, 404, 479.
introduces set prayers, =2=, 363.
supposed relation of, to the Jewish Christians, =2=, 379.
and Akylas, =2=, 385.
journey of, to Rome, =2=, 387.
and Flavius Clemens, =2=, 387, 389, 391.
influences Nerva, =2=, 392.
funeral of, =2=, 404.
sons of, =2=, 404, 479.