=4=, 109-10.
engaged in money-lending, =4=, 260.
charged with host-desecration, =4=, 261.
tortured, =4=, 261.
burnt or banished, =4=, 262-3.
join the “Society of Friends,” =5=, 418.
apostasy among, =5=, 420.
=Bresselau, Mendel J.=, Hebrew style of, =5=, 398.
establishes a society and a journal, =5=, 398, 399.
compiles a liturgy, =5=, 564.
scourges the orthodox party, =5=, 572.
secretary of the Reform Temple Union, =5=, 672.
=Bretagne=, the Jews of, under Henry II, =3=, 409.
“=Bridle= for the Jews, The,” by Raymund Martin, =3=, 622.
=Brieli, Jehuda Leon= (1643-1722), rabbi of Mantua, innovations
of, =5=, 200.
opponent of the Kabbala, =5=, 200.
opposes Chayon, =5=, 225.
=Bristol=, a Jew of, tortured by King John, =3=, 505.
=Britain=, rebels against Hadrian, =2=, 399.
=Brody=, the Chassidim in, =5=, 388.
ban against the Chassidim published in, =5=, 392.
Chassidistic writings burned in, =5=, 393.
beginnings of culture among the Jews of, =5=, 612.
=Broglie, Duc de=, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 447.
=Bromet, Herz=, member of the Felix Libertate, =5=, 453.
zealous for the emancipation of the Dutch Jews, =5=, 454.
deputy to the National Assembly, =5=, 458.
=Broussa=, the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 405.
the Jews of, and the Pesaro trade, =4=, 579.
=Brühl=, Saxon minister. Jewish agent of, =5=, 263.
and Eibeschütz’s supporters, =5=, 263.
indifferent about Polish affairs, =5=, 282.
=Bruna, Israel.= _See_ Israel Bruna.
=Brunetta=, a Jewess of Trent, on friendly terms with Christians, =4=,
297.
charged with the blood accusation, =4=, 298.
=Brunhilde=, of Austrasia, permits Jews to own slaves, =3=, 34.
=Brünn=, the Jews of, banished, =4=, 263.
Israel Bruna exiled from, =4=, 302.
Jews under restrictions in, =5=, 523.
=Brunswick=, rabbinical conference at, =5=, 677-8, 681-2.
=Brunswick, the duke of=, honors Mendelssohn, =5=, 308.
commends Mendelssohn’s reply to Lavater, =5=, 313.
conversation of, with Mendelssohn, on Christian dogmas, =5=, 315.
=Brunswick, the Jews of=, expelled, =4=, 652.
deprived of civil rights, =5=, 512.
=Brunswick-Lüneburg= abolishes the poll-tax, =5=, 467.
=Bruria= (Valeria), wife of Rabbi Meïr, =2=, 436.
=Brussels, the Jews of=, during the Black Death persecutions, =4=,
112.
expelled, =4=, 662.
=Brutus=, Roman leader, suicide of, =2=, 81.
=Buchholz=, opposes Jewish emancipation, =5=, 468, 472.
=Buda=, the council of, anti-Jewish decrees of, =3=, 614-15.
=Buda-Pesth=, rabbinical college at, =5=, 700.
_See also_ Pesth.
=Budnians=, anti-Trinitarian sect, =4=, 647.
=Budny, Simon=, translates the Bible into Polish, =4=, 647.
=Buen-Giorno.= _See_ David Bonet Buen-Giorno.
=Buffon=, praises Pereira’s sign language, =5=, 343.
=Bugia= (Buja), refuge for Spanish Jews, =4=, 197.
suffering of Spanish exiles in, =4=, 361.
=Bulan=, king of the Chazars, convert to Judaism, =3=, 139-40, 327.
=Bulgarians=, the, friendly to the Jews, =3=, 123.
vassals to the Chazars, =3=, 138.
=Bulls, papal=, by Benedict XIII, =4=, 215-16.
Boniface IX, =4=, 173.
Clement IV, =3=, 602.
Clement VI, =4=, 103, 105, 173.
Clement VII, =4=, 507, 515, 516.
Clement VIII, =4=, 671.
Eugenius III, =3=, 349-51.
Eugenius IV, =4=, 229, 250, 251.
Gregory IX, =3=, 564.
Gregory X, =3=, 635.
Innocent III, =3=, 497.
Innocent IV, =3=, 584-5; =4=, 165.
Julius III, =4=, 565.
Martin V, =4=, 219-20, 226.
Nicholas V, =4=, 253, 254, 256, 287.
Paul III, =4=, 516, 522, 526.
Paul IV, =4=, 566.
Pius IV, =4=, 588, 589.
Pius V, =4=, 591.
Sixtus IV, =4=, 311, 319, 321, 322.
Sixtus V, =4=, 655-6, 658.
against the immigration of Jews in Palestine, =4=, 274.
=Buol Schauenstein=, Count von, protects the Frankfort Jews, =5=, 530.
=Burgos=, Kabbala taught in, =4=, 6.
disputation at, =4=, 140.
coronation of Juan I at, =4=, 156.
=Burgos, the cortes of=, make the Jews responsible for the civil war,
=4=, 124-5.
oppose the employment of Jews, =4=, 229.
=Burgos, the Jews of=, under Sancho, =3=, 617.
taxed heavily, =4=, 123, 124.
persecuted, =4=, 170.
converted, =4=, 205.
=Burgundians, the, the empire of, the Jews of=, not considered a
distinct race, =3=, 35.
occupations of, =3=, 35-6.
discriminated against, =3=, 37.
=Burgundy=, the Jews of, presented to the Church, =3=, 175.
=Burnt-offerings=, Samuel on the importance of, =1=, 74.
Jochanan ben Zakkai on, =2=, 324, 325.
=Burrus=, Nero’s secretary, bribed to oppose the Judæans, =2=, 247.
=Bury St. Edmunds=, the Jews of, butchered, =3=, 415.
=Busche, Hermann von=, partisan of Reuchlin, =4=, 456.
=Buxtorf, John=, senior (1564-1639), renders rabbinical studies
accessible to Christians, =5=, 21.
=Buxtorfs=, the, introduce rabbinical literature to Christians, =5=,
179.
=Byk, Jacob Solomon=, Hebrew style of, =5=, 617.
=Byron=, quoted, =4=, 127.
=Byzantine emperors=, the, Jews under, =5=, 725-6.
=Byzantine empire=, the, attacked by the Agadists, =3=, 16.
in fear of the Chazars, =3=, 138.
fall of, =4=, 267.
toleration of, =4=, 285.
=Byzantine empire, the, the Jews of=, under Arcadius, =2=, 615-16.
forbidden to build synagogues, =2=, 617.
treated with hostility, =3=, 10.
forced into Christianity, =3=, 122-3.
emigrate, =3=, 123-4.
in the ninth century, =3=, 175-6.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424-8.
not admitted to military offices, =3=, 425.
brutal treatment of, =3=, 425.
poets among, =3=, 426.
=C=
=Cabades.= _See_ Kobad.
=Caballeria, Alfonso de=, Marrano, tries to suppress the Aragon
Inquisition, =4=, 329.
=Caballo, Jules=, founder of the “Alliance Israélite Universelle,”
=5=, 701.
=Cabiri=, the seven planets worshiped by the Canaanites, =1=, 54.
=Cabrera=, governor of the castle of Segovia, =4=, 283.
=Cabul=, fortress, =2=, 414.
fall of, =2=, 416.
religiousness of the inhabitants of, =2=, 480.
=Caceres, Simon de=, opens a Jewish burial-ground in London, =5=, 49.
=Cacina=, Roman consul, and Titus, =2=, 317.
=Cadiz=, Marranos flee to, =4=, 313.
victims of the Inquisition in the archbishopric of, =4=, 317.
taken by the English, =4=, 665.
=Cæsar, Julius=, in the first triumvirate, =2=, 73.
frees Aristobulus II, =2=, 75.
favors Antipater, =2=, 75-6.
kindly disposed to the Judæans, =2=, 76, 179.
hated by the Judæans of Palestine, =2=, 77.
murder of, =2=, 79.
remits the tax during the Sabbatic year, =2=, 469.
=Cæsar, Sextus=, governor of Syria, honors Herod, =2=, 78.
makes Hyrcanus II responsible for the life of Herod, =2=, 78.
=Cæsarea= (Mazaca). _See_ Mazaca.
=Cæsarea= (Straton), beautified by Herod, =2=, 106.
trade and shipping of, =2=, 118.
seat of the procurator, =2=, 129.
residence of Herod (Philip), =2=, 173.
favored by Agrippa I, =2=, 194.
destroyed by an earthquake, =2=, 408-9.
made an academic city, =2=, 543.
anti-Christian riot in, =3=, 17.
played into the hands of the Arabs, =3=, 87.
=Cæsarea (Straton), the Greek inhabitants of=, rejoice over
Agrippa I’s death, =2=, 196.
hate the Judæans, =2=, 246-7.
quarrel with the Judæans, =2=, 252-3.
=Cæsarea (Straton), the Jews of=, Greek culture of, =2=, 538.
devoted to circus sports, =2=, 626.
=Cæsarea (Straton), the Judæans of=, deprived of civil rights, =2=,
247.
exterminated, =2=, 262.
perish in the arena, =2=, 312.
=Cæsarea Philippi=, built by the tetrarch Philip, =2=, 138.
capital of Philip’s tetrarchy, =2=, 158.
Judæans of, perish in the arena, =2=, 312.
=Cæsars=, the, sacrifices offered for, =2=, 103.
=Cafri=, native town of Rabba bar Chana, =2=, 454.
=Cain=, the Choic type of the Gnostics, =2=, 377.
=Cainites=, a Gnostic sect, =2=, 375.
=Cairo= (Fostat), a Karaite community in, =3=, 182.
Talmud study encouraged in, =3=, 208, 210.
Jehuda Halevi at, =3=, 340-1.
two synagogues of, =3=, 444.
Karaites of, =3=, 444; =4=, 71.
Maimonides at, =3=, 457-92.
hospital at, =3=, 495.
Spanish spoken at, =4=, 388.
Spanish exiles in, =4=, 392-96.
Purim of, =4=, 396.
Joseph Delmedigo at, =5=, 76.
=Cairo, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 444.
maltreated, =4=, 396.
establish schools, =5=, 664.
reconciled with the Karaites, =5=, 664.
=Calabrese.= _See_ Chayim Vital Calabrese.
=Calabria=, the Jews of, subject to curial duties, =2=, 616.
invaded by the Mahometans, =3=, 212.
=Calahorra=, Abraham Ibn-Ezra dies at, =3=, 374.
=Calatayud=, the Marranos of, conspire against Pedro Arbues, =4=, 330.
=Calatayud, the Jews of=, excommunicate anti-Maimunists, =3=, 537.
converted, =4=, 214.
=Calatrava=, fortress, taken by Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 361.
=Calderon=, dramatist, =5=, 112.
=Calderon, the Jewish=, =5=, 110-11.
=Calendar=, the, arranged by the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 326.
fixed by astronomical calculations, =2=, 336.
fixed by the Patriarchs, =2=, 362-3.
corrected by Akiba’s disciples, =2=, 433.
arranged by Chananya, =2=, 443.
drawn up by Mar-Samuel, =2=, 521-2, 574.
the computation of, forbidden, =2=, 571.
fixed adopted by Hillel II, =2=, 572-4.
method of calculating, =2=, 573.
Jewish, adopted by the Arabs, =3=, 59-60.
fixed, abolished by Anan ben David, =3=, 131.
fixed, rejected by the Tiflisites, =3=, 158.
key to, by Nachshon ben Zadok, =3=, 179.
Karaite, attacked by Saadiah, =3=, 190-1.
rules of, collected by Saadiah, =3=, 196.
work on, by Dunash ben Tamim, =3=, 211, 217.
Isaac Ibn-Albalia on, =3=, 283.
accuracy of, demonstrated, =3=, 313.
work on, by Maimonides, =3=, 451.
used by the Karaites, =4=, 270.
_See also_ Ibbur.
=Caligula=, emperor, distinguishes Agrippa I, =2=, 174-5, 176.
divine honor to the images of, =2=, 183-4.
hates the Judæans, =2=, 187.
statues of, in the Temple, =2=, 188-9.
assassinated, =2=, 189.
Judaism defended before, =5=, 654.
=Caliphate of the East=, the. _See_ Abbasside Caliphate, the.
=Calixtus=, pope, convenes a Church Council in France, =3=,
376; =4=, 275.
=Callimandrus=, Egyptian general against the Judæans, =2=, 11.
=Calliopas=, charioteer, causes a riot, =3=, 11.
“=Calumniator, The=,” sobriquet of Joshua Lorqui, =4=, 217.
=Calvin=, and Michael Scotus, =4=, 541.
=Cambridge=, the Jews of, expelled, =3=, 641.
=Cambyses=, of Persia, death of, =1=, 358.
=Camith=, family of high priests, =2=, 237.
=Campanton.= _See_ Isaac ben Jacob Campanton.
=Campeggio=, cardinal, on the commission on the Portuguese
Inquisition, =4=, 514.
=Campo Formio=, peace of, and the poll tax of French Jews in
Germany, =5=, 464.
=Campo-Mayor=, refuge for Spanish Marranos, =4=, 498.
“=Can the Jews= remain in their present condition without harm to the
state?” anti-Jewish pamphlet, =5=, 469-70.
=Canaan=, entry of Israelites into, =1=, 1, 32.
description of the coast of, =1=, 2-3.
claimed by the Israelites, =1=, 4-5.
rapid conquest of, =1=, 39-40.
becomes the Holy Land, =1=, 41.
not entirely conquered, =1=, 50-1.
_See_ Palestine.
=Canaanites=, the, description of, =1=, 2-4.
subdivisions of, =1=, 3.
trade of, =1=, 3.
cities of, =1=, 3.
at war with Asher and Naphtali, =1=, 37.
dwell with the tribe of Judah, =1=, 39.
in dread of the Israelites, =1=, 40.
heathenism of, =1=, 51.
idol worship of, =1=, 54.
relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-8.
suffer under David, =1=, 131.
help to build the Temple, =1=, 163.
_See_ Gibeonites; Jebusites; Philistines, etc.
=Candia.= _See_ Crete.
=Canea=, the Jews of, importance of, =4=, 406.
=Canon=, the, of the Holy Writings, completed, =2=, 344.
_See_ Scriptures, the.
=Cansino family=, the, dragomans in Oran, =5=, 169.
=Cantheras=, family of high priests, =2=, 237.
=Caorsini= (Ultramontanes), usury practiced by, =3=, 510.
=Capernaum= (Kephar Nahum), Jesus successful in, =2=, 153-7.
the first church at, =2=, 565.
=Capets=, the first, the Jews oppressed under, =3=, 241-2.
=Caphar-Salama=, the battle of, Judas Maccabæus victorious
at, =1=, 484.
=Caphtor=, the original home of the Philistines, =1=, 54.
=Capistrano.= _See_ John of Capistrano.
=Capnion.= _See_ Reuchlin, John.
=Capo d’Istrias=, Russian plenipotentiary, and the emancipation of
the Jews, =5=, 527.
=Cappadocia=, study of the Law in, =2=, 358.
the Jews of, under Shabur I, =2=, 520, 526.
“=Captives of Hope=, The,” drama by Joseph Penso, =5=, 113.
=Captivity=, the, the return from, =1=, 351-6.
_See_ Babylonia, the Judæans of.
=Captivity, the, Princes of.= _See_ Exilarchate, the; Exilarchs, the.
=Capua=, the Jews of in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
Hillel of Verona in, =3=, 629.
=Carabas=, impersonates Agrippa I, =2=, 182.
=Caracalla=, emperor, vices of, =2=, 468.
relation of, to the Jews, =2=, 468-9.
exacts the tax during the Sabbatic year, =2=, 469.
=Caraffa, Pietro.= _See_ Paul IV, pope.
=Çarça, Samuel.= _See_ Samuel Çarça.
=Carcassonne=, Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
=Cardoso, Abraham Michael= (1630-1706), Marrano, resumes Judaism, =5=,
163.
occupations and morality of, =5=, 164.
figures as a Sabbatian prophet, =5=, 164-5.
proclaims himself Sabbataï’s successor, =5=, 207.
writings of, =5=, 208, 248.
writings of, burned, =5=, 220.
=Cardoso, (Isaac) Fernando= (1615-1680), Marrano physician, resumes
Judaism, =5=, 163.
occupations and life of, =5=, 164.
anti-Sabbatian, =5=, 164, 165.
Sachs compared with, =5=, 688.
=Cardozo, Elihu Aboab=, erects a synagogue at Hamburg, =4=, 689.
=Carenton=, the Jews of, attacked by crusaders, =3=, 355.
=Carians=, the, mercenary troops employed by Athaliah, =1=, 214.
in sympathy with Joash, =1=, 215-6.
=Carinthia=, the Jews of, expelled, =4=, 427.
=Carlovingians=, the last, the Jews oppressed under, =3=, 241-2.
=Carlsruhe=, the Jews of, persecuted, =5=, 530.
the Hamburg reforms adopted in, =5=, 573.
=Carmel, Mount=, description of, =1=, 44.
considered holy by the Canaanites, =1=, 51.
Elijah lives on, =1=, 203.
Elisha lives on, =1=, 208.
north-western limit of Judæa under Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 46.
=Carmelite district=, the, of Paris, commends the Jews, =5=, 444.
=Carmona=, the Marranos of, resist the Inquisition, =4=, 313.
conspirators of, burnt, =4=, 317.
=Carpentras=, rabbi of, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Carpentras, the Jews of=, not banished by Charles VI, =4=, 177.
wealth of, =4=, 592.
number of, =5=, 436.
honor Crémieux and Montefiore, =5=, 658.
=Carrion=, the Jews of, under Sancho, =3=, 617.
persecuted, =4=, 170.
Carthage, captured by Genseric, =2=, 611.
the Temple vessels removed from, =3=, 26.
=Carvajal, Fernandez= (Isaac), a Jew secretly living in London, =5=,
38.
opens a Jewish burial ground, =5=, 49.
=Casalmaggiore=, the Jews of, number of, =4=, 653.
=Casimir III=, the Great, of Poland, extends the privileges of the
Jews, =4=, 111, 263.
protects the Jews, =4=, 111.
Jewish mistress of, =4=, 112.
=Casimir IV=, of Poland, extends the privileges of the Jews, =4=,
263-5, 419.
under Capistrano’s influence, =4=, 265-6.
revokes the privileges of the Jews, =4=, 266.
sons of, =4=, 419, 631.
statute of, confirmed by Sigismund III, =4=, 643.
=Caspe=, the Jews of, converted, =4=, 214.
=Caspian Sea=, the, Jews settle on the coast of, =3=, 123.
island in, refuge of the Chazars, =3=, 222.
=Cassander=, ally of Ptolemy I, at the battle of Ipsus, =1=, 417.
=Cassel=, meeting place of the Westphalian consistory, =5=, 501.
=Cassiodorus=, minister of Theodoric, =3=, 30.
homiletic exposition of the Psalms by, =3=, 31.
on the Jews, =3=, 31.
=Cassius, Avidius=, rebel, death of, =2=, 463.
=Cassius Longinus, Caius=, legate of Crassus, retreats before the
Parthians, =2=, 74.
defeats the Judæan army, =2=, 74.
governor of Syria, forces contributions from Judæa, =2=, 80.
suicide of, =2=, 81.
=Cassius Longinus, Caius=, governor of Syria, occupies Jerusalem, =2=,
197.
=Castel-Branco, João Rodrigo de.= _See_ Amatus Lusitanus.
=Castellane, de=, deputy to the National Assembly, =5=, 439.
=Castel-Narbonnais=, refuge of the Jews from the Pastoureaux, =4=,
56.
=Castile=, lacks Talmud schools in the twelfth century, =3=, 322.
Jews in, in the twelfth century, =3=, 384.
war of, with Morocco, =4=, 84.
civil war in, =4=, 118-19, 120-2, 123-6.
union of, with Portugal, =4=, 161.
quarrel about the rabbinate of, =4=, 161-2.
forced converts in, relapse into Judaism, =4=, 180.
Marranos of, =4=, 309. _See under_ Marranos.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
_See also under_ Spain.
=Castile, the Jews of=, under Alfonso VI, =3=, 292-3.
under Alfonso Raimundez, =3=, 361, 363.
oppose the Almohades, =3=, 387.
under Alfonso VIII, =3=, 499.
first persecution of, =3=, 507.
in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 530, 536, 544.
under Alfonso X, =3=, 592-6.
under Ferdinand III, =3=, 592.
employed at court, =3=, 593-4.
degraded by Alfonso X, =3=, 594-6.
fined, =3=, 616.
under Sancho, =3=, 616-17.
taxed, =3=, 617; =4=, 125-6.
send deputies to Huete, =3=, 617.
number of, =3=, 617.
opponents of science, =4=, 38.
in the fourteenth century, =4=, 51-3.
leaders of the Spanish-Jewish community, =4=, 75.
under Alfonso X, =4=, 75-6.
guilty of usury, =4=, 80.
Gonzalo Martinez conspires against, =4=, 84-5.
neglect Jewish science, =4=, 86-7, 91.
not held responsible for the Black Death, =4=, 113.
under Pedro the Cruel, =4=, 113-26.
aid Maria de Padilla, =4=, 117.
in the civil war, =4=, 118-19, 120-2, 123-6.
Pedro’s opponents hostile to, =4=, 120-1.
held responsible for the civil war, =4=, 124-5, 167.
reduced to beggary by the civil war, =4=, 137.
under Henry II, =4=, 137-8.
hostility to, =4=, 138.
degraded by outward signs, =4=, 139.
forced into religious debates, =4=, 140-2.
possess penal jurisdiction, =4=, 155.
deprived of criminal jurisdiction, =4=, 157.
accusations against, =4=, 157.
under Henry III, =4=, 193.
under Juan II, =4=, 194, 203-4, 205-6, 228-9.
assaulted, =4=, 204-5.
bull against, =4=, 250-1.
appeal to Juan II, =4=, 251.
insecurity of, under Juan II, =4=, 252-3.
under Henry IV, =4=, 274-6.
low position of, in Henry IV’s statute book, =4=, 278.
indispensable as financiers, =4=, 279-80.
warned of approaching danger, =4=, 336.
protected by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 343-4.
help the Marranos, =4=, 344.
proclamation expelling, =4=, 347-8.
_See also under_ Spain.
=Castile, New=, the Jews of, taxed, =3=, 617.
=Castro=, an English Jew, and the Damascus affair, =5=, 653.
=Castro, de=, a noble Castilian family, =3=, 363.
=Castro, Abraham de=, Selim I’s master of the mint, benevolence
of, =4=, 393.
informs against the Egyptian viceroy, =4=, 395.
=Castro, Balthasar (Isaac) Orobio de= (1620-1687), Marrano, professor
of metaphysics at Salamanca, tortured, =5=, 116.
professor of medicine at Toulouse, =5=, 117.
associates with Spinoza, =5=, 117.
refutes Spinoza’s views, =5=, 167.
prominence of, =5=, 199-200.
=Castro, Bendito (Baruch Nehemiah) de=, physician, Sabbatian, =5=,
140, 150.
=Castro, Moses de=, antagonist of Jacob Berab, =4=, 534-5.
=Castro, Rodrigo de= (1560-1627), Marrano physician, ability of,
=4=, 686-7.
owns landed property, =4=, 688.
=Castro-Tartas, Isaac de=, Marrano, martyrdom of, =5=, 31-2.
=Casuistry=, in the Mishna, =2=, 475-6.
=Catalina of Lancaster=, regent for Juan II of Castile, =4=, 193.
issues edicts concerning the Jews, =4=, 203-4, 205-6, 275.
death of, =4=, 217, 228.
=Catalonia=, part of Aragon, =3=, 387.
=Catalonia, the Jews of=, in the Maimunist controversy, =3=, 530.
massacred, =4=, 102-3.
provide against the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 112-13.
possess penal jurisdiction, =4=, 155.
persecuted in 1391, =4=, 172.
converted, =4=, 214.
loyal to their faith, =4=, 215.
possessions of, sequestrated, =4=, 349.
=Catechumens=, the house of, supported by the Jews, =4=, 566.
=Catherine=, empress of Russia, member of the Berlin Academy, =5=,
308.
at war with Poland, =5=, 388.
=Catherine=, of Portugal, hostile to the Marranos, =4=, 489.
=Catherine de Medici=, queen mother in France, and Joseph
Nassi, =4=, 598.
proposes her son for the Polish throne, =4=, 604.
=Catholic Church=, the, rise of, =2=, 500.
=Catholic Church, the German=, established, =5=, 682.
=Catholic reaction=, the, =4=, 650-1.
the Jews suffer under, =4=, 652-3.
=Catholicism=, more hostile to the Jews than Arianism, =3=, 26.
overthrown in England, =4=, 541.
and the romantic movement, =5=, 516.
_See_ Christianity.
=Catholics=, the, toleration of, under Valentinian I, =2=, 603.
hate Theodoric, =3=, 29, 30.
antagonized by the Arian Visigoths, =3=, 44-5.
in the Damascus affair, =5=, 650-1, 662.
_See_ Christians, the.
=Catholics, the Greek=, molest the Turkish Jews, =4=, 552-3.
=Cathunho, Isaac=, Marrano in Pernambuco, =4=, 693.
=Catullus=, Roman governor of Cyrene, executes Zealots, =2=, 318.
=Caucasus=, the, Jews settle in, =3=, 123.
under the Exilarch’s jurisdiction, =3=, 429.
=Cavilhão=, Jewish center in Portugal, =4=, 159.
=Ceba, Ansaldo=, priest and poet, tries to convert Sarah Sullam,
=5=, 69-70.
=Cendebæus=, Syrian general, invades Judæa, =1=, 529.
=Ceneda=, wagers a pound of his own flesh, =4=, 657.
=Cenedæus=, of Adiabene, relatives of, aid Judæa against Rome, =2=,
264.
=Censorship= of the press introduced by Caraffa, =4=, 563.
in Germany, =5=, 532.
=Censorship= of the Talmud under Jayme I of Aragon, =3=, 603.
advised by two popes, =4=, 658.
abuses of, =4=, 659, 660.
_See under_ Talmud, the.
=Census=, a, taken by David, =1=, 137-8.
of Judæans ordered by Augustus, =2=, 129.
arouses terror and dissension, =2=, 130.
resisted by the Zealots, =2=, 133-4.
in 66, =2=, 251.
“=Centuries=,” by Amatus Lusitanus, =4=, 570.
=Cervera=, the Jews of, persecuted, =4=, 94, 103.
=Cesis, de=, cardinal, on the commission on the Portuguese
Inquisition, =4=, 514.
=Ceuta=, the Jews of, emigrate, =3=, 424.
battle of, =4=, 390.
=Ceylon=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 436.
=Chabar=, teacher of the Law among the Arabian Jews, =3=, 59.
=Chaberim=, fellows, =2=, 364.
=Chabib.= _See_ Amatus Lusitanus.
=Chabulon.= _See_ Cabul.
=Chaburah=, order, =2=, 364.
=Chacham=, officer of the Synhedrion, =2=, 360.
office of, ceases, =2=, 453.
title of the Amsterdam rabbis, =4=, 681.
title of the Hamburg rabbis, =4=, 689; =5=, 577.
=Chacham Zevi.= _See_ Zevi Ashkenazi.
=Chacon=, Castilian farmer of taxes, =4=, 275.
=Chadija=, wife of Mahomet, =3=, 71.
=Chages, Jacob= (1620-1674), recluse at Jerusalem, =5=, 126.
teacher of Nathan Ghazati, =5=, 131.
threatens Sabbataï Zevi with excommunication, =5=, 132.
=Chages, Moses=, denounces Chayon’s work as heretical, =5=, 222.
excommunicates Chayon, =5=, 224.
abused by the Amsterdam Portuguese Jews, =5=, 224.
excommunicated and driven from Amsterdam, =5=, 226.
in Altona, =5=, 231.
opposes Luzzatto’s Kabbala, =5=, 238.
threatens Kabbalistic writers with the ban, =5=, 239.
forbids the study of Kabbala to young men, =5=, 241.
deprecates leniency towards Eibeschütz, =5=, 249-50.
opposes the Eibeschütz Talmud edition, =5=, 251.
returns to Palestine, =5=, 256.
=Chaggai= (Haggai), teacher of the Law, attacks Judah II, =2=, 485.
a Palestinian Amora, =2=, 560.
member of the last Synhedrion, =2=, 567.
=Chaibar=, Israelites settle in, =3=, 54.
the Benu-Nadhir settle in, =3=, 79.
=Chaibar, the Jews of=, descendants of the Rechabites, fortifications
held by, =3=, 55.
threatened by Mahomet, =3=, 81-2.
roused against Mahomet, =3=, 82-3.
driven away by Omar, =3=, 85.
preserve love for Arabic, =3=, 111.
object to Talmudic restraints, =3=, 119.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 437.
=Chaifa=, burial place of Nachmani and Yechiel of Paris, =3=, 608.
“=Chain= of Tradition, The,” by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, =4=, 616.
=Chaireas=, commander of the fortress Joazer, =1=, 474.
=Chakan= (Chagan), title of the Chazar kings, =3=, 138.
=Chalafta=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
=Chalcis=, prince of. _See_ Herod II.
=Chaldæan= garrison in Judah, =1=, 321.
=Chaldæans=, the. _See_ Nebuchadnezzar.
=Chaldaic= translations of Scriptures, =2=, 581-2.
=Chaldee=, taught as a means of conversion, =4=, 245.
=Chalil=, vizir, tries to save Esther Kiera, =4=, 630.
=Chama of Nahardea= (356-377), Amora, =2=, 593.
principal of the Pumbeditha academy, =2=, 594.
insignificance of, =2=, 594-5.
=Chama ben Anilaï=, a Jew of Sora, =2=, 545-6.