=Ben Kohelet=, work by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 260.
=Ben Mishle=, work by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 260.
=Ben-Naphtali=, criticises the Ben Ashers, =3=, 207.
=Ben-Nazar.= _See_ Odenathus.
=Ben Shaltiel-Chen.= _See_ Serachya ben Isaac.
=Ben Soma.= _See_ Simon ben Zoma.
=Ben Tehillim=, work by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 260.
=Benu-Aus=, the, Arabic family, relations of, to the Jews, =3=, 55.
conversions among, to Judaism, =3=, 61.
hostile to Jewish rule, =3=, 67.
the Jews of Yathrib dependent on, =3=, 68.
feuds of, =3=, 70-1.
=Benu-Bachdal=, the, Jewish-Arabic tribe, =3=, 54-5.
=Benu-Kainukaa=, the, Jewish tribe in northern Arabia, =3=, 55.
invited to accept Islam, =3=, 74, 76-7.
forced to surrender to Mahomet, =3=, 77.
settle in Batanæa, =3=, 77-8.
preserve love for Arabic, =3=, 111.
object to Talmudic restraints, =3=, 119.
=Benu-Kinanah=, the, Arab tribe converted to Judaism, =3=, 61.
=Benu-Kuraiza=, the, a Jewish-Arabic tribe, =3=, 54-5.
threatened by Mahomet, =3=, 77.
make war upon Mahomet, =3=, 80.
slaughtered, =3=, 81.
=Benu-Nadhir=, the, a Jewish-Arabic tribe, =3=, 54-5.
threatened by Mahomet, =3=, 77.
meditate treachery against Mahomet, =3=, 78.
forced to emigrate, =3=, 78-9.
war with, justified in the Koran, =3=, 79.
organize an alliance against Mahomet, =3=, 79-80.
rouse the Jews of Chaibar to resist Mahomet, =3=, 82.
preserve love of Arabic, =3=, 111.
object to Talmudic restraints, =3=, 119.
=Ben Usiel=, champion of the orthodox party, =5=, 627.
=Benvenida Abrabanela=, wife of Samuel II Abrabanel, character
of, =4=, 409.
friend of the duchess of Tuscany, =4=, 410, 544.
supports David Reubeni, =4=, 493.
prevents the banishment of the Naples Jews, =4=, 543.
=Benveniste.= _See_ Abraham Benveniste Senior; Benveniste Ibn-Labi;
Benveniste, Chayim; Isaac; Joseph ben Ephraim Ibn-Benveniste
Halevi; Judah; Sheshet; Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi.
=Benveniste Ibn-Labi=, part translator of Aristotle’s Ethics, =4=,
193.
=Benveniste, Chayim= (1603-1673), rabbi of Smyrna, Sabbatian, =5=,
136.
disappointed in Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 155.
=Benveniste family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 236.
Gracia Mendesia of, =4=, 571.
=Ben Yasus.= _See_ Abu Ibraham Isaac Ibn-Kastar ben Yasus.
=Ben-Zeeb=, one of the Measfim, =5=, 400.
=Be-Rab=, Abba-Areka’s school, =2=, 514.
=Berab.= _See_ Jacob Berab.
=Berachoth=, the eighteen, introduced by Gamaliel II, =2=, 363.
=Berachya ben Natronaï Nakdan= (Crispia, 1230-1270), fabulist, =3=,
560.
=Berachya, son of Jacob Querido=, Messiah, followers of, =5=, 211.
soul of, in Jacob Frank, =5=, 274.
prayers addressed to, =5=, 274.
=Berber princes=, the, receive Jewish refugees kindly, =4=, 198.
=Berbers=, the, establish themselves in southern Spain, =3=, 256.
hostile to the Spanish Arabs, =3=, 261, 276, 316.
incensed against the Jews, =3=, 275.
slay Joseph Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 278.
=Berdaa.= _See_ Derbend.
=Berenice=, daughter of Agrippa I, marriage of, =2=, 235.
Drusilla envious of, =2=, 236.
appeals to Gessius Florus, =2=, 254.
popularity of, =2=, 257.
palace of, burnt, =2=, 260.
captivates Titus, =2=, 289, 299.
wins Tiberius Alexander to Vespasian’s side, =2=, 300.
influence of, over Titus, =2=, 302, 307.
in the arena of Cæsarea Philippi, =2=, 312.
honored at the court, =2=, 317.
fall of, =2=, 317.
obtains pardon for Justus of Tiberias, =2=, 319-20.
consoles her conquered coreligionists, =2=, 333.
abandoned by Titus, =2=, 388.
=Berenice=, Herod’s niece, marriage of, =2=, 112.
friend of Antonia, =2=, 176.
=Bergamo=, Bernardinus of Feltre in, =4=, 296.
=Berish.= _See_ Beer of Mizricz.
=Berlin=, settlement of Jews in, =5=, 174.
Chayon at, =5=, 218-20.
subscribers to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation in, =5=, 329.
the Free School of, =5=, 416.
the progressive party in, =5=, 418.
Jewish physicians of, a class, =5=, 461.
the University of, arbiter between the Jews and the Senate of
Frankfort, =5=, 520.
Jacobson transplants the Reform movement to, =5=, 562-3.
private synagogues in, closed, =5=, 563.
appoints no rabbi, =5=, 566.
a German Jewish church in, =5=, 683.
rabbinical colleges at, =5=, 700.
=Berlin, the Jews of=, threatened with expulsion, =4=, 652.
under Frederick I, =5=, 190.
split into two parties, =5=, 219.
culture of, =5=, 294-5.
enterprises of, =5=, 396-7.
devoted to literary pursuits, =5=, 397.
encourage the Meassef, =5=, 399.
influenced by Herz, =5=, 407.
disseminators of culture, =5=, 410-11.
the salons of, =5=, 412-13, 422-23.
millionaires, =5=, 414.
begin the emancipation struggle, =5=, 414-16.
influence of, =5=, 416-17.
apostasy among, =5=, 420, 587.
procure an order against anti-Jewish pamphlets, =5=, 469.
object to Napoleon’s Synhedrion, =5=, 494-5.
antipathy to, weakened, =5=, 691.
_See also_ Reform of Judaism, the.
“=Berlin religion=,” the, opposition to, =5=, 333.
=Bernal=, Abraham Nuñes and Marcus da Almeyda, Marranos, martyrs, =5=,
92.
=Bernaldez, Andreas=, pastor, on the Spanish Jewish exiles, =4=, 349.
=Bernard of Clairvaux=, abbot, preaches the second crusade, =3=, 349.
preaches the repudiation of Jewish debts, =3=, 349.
prevents a persecution of the French Jews, =3=, 351, 356.
appealed to, by the archbishop of Mayence, =3=, 352.
denounces Rudolph, =3=, 353.
influences Rudolph, =3=, 353.
=Bernard of Sienna=, master of John of Capistrano, =4=, 257.
=Bernard, Isaac=, Mendelssohn’s employer, =5=, 296, 303.
=Bernardinus of Feltre=, Franciscan, preaches against the Jews in
Italy, =4=, 296.
failure of, =4=, 296-7.
in Trent, =4=, 297.
raises the blood accusation, =4=, 298.
=Bernardo=, Dominican, incites the mob against Marranos, =4=, 487.
=Bernays, Isaac= (1792-1849), opposes the Hamburg reforms, =5=, 574.
characteristics of, =5=, 574-5, 577.
chief work by, =5=, 575.
criticises Mendelssohn and his school, =5=, 575.
appointed to the Hamburg rabbinate, =5=, 576.
character of the sermons by, =5=, 577.
Heine on, =5=, 577.
respected by the orthodox, =5=, 577-8.
influence of, in Germany, =5=, 582.
influence of, on Steinheim, =5=, 602.
Ben Usiel disciple of, =5=, 627.
forbids the use of the Reform Temple prayer book, =5=, 673.
attacked by the Reform Temple Union, =5=, 673.
supported by the rabbi of Altona, =5=, 674.
=Bernays, Jacob=, founder of the Breslau seminary, =5=, 700.
=Berne=, the Jews of, accused of well poisoning, =4=, 104-5.
consuls of, spread the charge against the Jews, =4=, 105.
=Bernhard=, treasurer of the Frankish empire, friendly to the
Jews, =3=, 162.
rebellion against, =3=, 166.
=Bernstorff=, Danish minister, decides against Eibeschütz, =5=, 265.
=Bernstorff=, deputy to the Congress of Vienna, favors the
emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 519.
on the emancipation of the Jews at Aix, =5=, 527.
=Berr, Berr Isaac= (1744-1828), member of Malesherbes’ commission,
=5=, 431.
a representative French Jew, =5=, 436.
delegate to the National Assembly, =5=, 438, 440.
on the emancipation of the French Jews, =5=, 448-9.
projects a French Bible translation, =5=, 449.
son of, =5=, 460.
deputy to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 482.
opposes Sabbath sessions, =5=, 486.
candidate for the presidency, =5=, 487.
answers the imperial commissioners, =5=, 490.
=Berr, Cerf= (Herz Medelsheim, 1730-1793), representative of the
Alsatian Jews, =5=, 351.
character of, =5=, 430.
services of, to the Alsatian Jews, =5=, 430, 431.
services of, to the government, =5=, 430.
draws Jews to Strasburg, =5=, 431.
member of Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 431.
a representative French Jew, =5=, 436.
accused of bribing, =5=, 447.
culture of the family of, =5=, 476.
brother-in-law of, =5=, 484.
=Berr, Lipmann Cerf=, speaks in the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=,
487.
=Berr, Michael= (1780-1843), first Jewish attorney in France,
addresses the princes of Europe, =5=, 460.
deputy to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 482.
a state officer in Westphalia, =5=, 500.
member of the Westphalian Consistory, =5=, 501.
addresses the Congress of Aix on the emancipation of the
Jews, =5=, 527.
=Berthold=, bishop of Strasburg, at the council of Benfelden, =4=,
107.
=Bertinoro.= _See_ Obadiah di Bertinoro.
=Bertolio=, abbé, favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 445.
=Bertrand=, cardinal-legate, forbids baptized children to return to
Judaism, =3=, 514.
=Berytus.= _See_ Beyrout.
=Besht.= _See_ Israel of Miedziboz.
=Bessarabia=, Frankists in, =5=, 283.
=Bethany=, Jesus in, =2=, 160.
the Synhedrion removed to, =2=, 240.
suburb of Jerusalem, =2=, 292.
=Bethar=, fortress, =2=, 414.
Bar-Cochba retreats to, =2=, 416-17.
legends about, =2=, 417.
siege of, =2=, 417-19.
fall of, =2=, 418-19.
=Betharamata.= _See_ Beth-Ramatha.
=Beth-Din=, name of the Synhedrion, =2=, 325.
=Bethel=, taken by the Ephraimites, =1=, 34.
description of, =1=, 45.
Samuel holds assemblies at, =1=, 78.
a center of idolatry, =1=, 186.
an association of prophets at, =1=, 205, 234.
visited by Elijah, =1=, 208.
bull-worship at, =1=, 233.
capital of Jeroboam II, =1=, 233.
Amos at, =1=, 235, 236.
Cuthæans worship at, =1=, 285.
purged of idolatry, =1=, 294.
priests of, killed, =1=, 295.
military station under Hadrian, =2=, 419.
=Bethhagla=, fortress, besieged by Bacchides, =1=, 493.
=Beth-Haran=, balm of Gilead found near, =1=, 43.
=Beth-horon=, battle of, won by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 462.
camp of Nicanor at, =1=, 485.
Cestius Gallus retreats from, =2=, 266-7.
=Beth Israel=, third Amsterdam synagogue, =4=, 680.
=Beth Jacob=, first Amsterdam synagogue, =4=, 667, 671.
poem in honor of, =4=, 678-9.
=Bethlehem=, birthplace of David, =1=, 95-6.
camp of the Philistines, =1=, 116.
children of, murdered by Herod, =2=, 116.
the expected birthplace of the Messiah, =2=, 161.
statue of Adonis worshiped at, =2=, 422.
nunnery at, =2=, 623.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 427.
=Bethmaon=, Josephus and the men of Tiberias meet at, =2=, 279.
=Bethome=, Pharisee fortress, =2=, 45.
=Bethoron.= _See_ Beth-horon.
=Bethpage=, suburb of Jerusalem, =2=, 292.
=Beth-Ramatha= (Betharamata), palace of, destroyed, =2=, 125.
re-named Livia, =2=, 138.
=Bethsaida=, Jesus in, =2=, 157.
=Bethsan= (Bethshan). _See_ Bethshean.
=Bethshean= (Bethsan, Scythopolis), bodies of Saul and Jonathan
dishonored at, =1=, 104.
Greek citizens of, resist Joseph, =1=, 425.
refuge of Antiochus IX, =2=, 10.
recovered by the sons of John Hyrcanus, =2=, 11.
Judæans of, massacred, =2=, 262-3.
sparsely inhabited by Jews in the sixth century, =3=, 12.
=Bethshearim=, temporary seat of the Synhedrion, =2=, 452.
=Beth-Shemesh=, battle of, between the kings of Israel and Judah,
=1=, 224-5.
=Bethsur.= _See_ Beth-Zur.
=Beth-Waad=, religious school in the Sopheric age, =1=, 396.
=Beth-Zachariah=, the battle of, Judas Maccabæus defeated
at, =1=, 479.
Judæans slain at, by Bacchides, =1=, 483.
=Beth-Zur= (Bethsur), Judas Maccabæus victorious at, =1=, 469-70.
stronghold against the Idumæans, =1=, 473.
garrison of, surrenders to Lysias, =1=, 479.
reinforced by Bacchides, =1=, 491.
Hellenists take refuge in, =1=, 494.
garrisoned by the Hasmonæans, =1=, 498.
under Simon Tharsi, =1=, 523, 524.
Alexander Jannæus and Cleopatra make a league at, =2=, 41.
=Beugnot=, Napoleon’s state councilor, favors Jewish emancipation,
=5=, 480.
helps to frame the Westphalian constitution, =5=, 500.
=Beyrout=, the Judæans of, perish in the arena, =2=, 312.
=Beyrout (Bairut, Berytus), the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=,
426.
protected by European consuls, =5=, 641.
appeal to European Jews, =5=, 651.
=Bezalel Masserano=, requests permission for Jews to own Talmud
copies, =4=, 658.
=Bezetha=, suburb of Jerusalem, fortified by Agrippa, =2=, 195.
destroyed by Cestius Gallus, =2=, 265.
seized by the Romans, =2=, 303.
=Béziers= (Biterræ), Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
synagogue of, sold, =4=, 48.
=Béziers, the council of=, inflicts hardships upon the Albigenses,
=3=, 581.
renews ancient restrictions against the Jews, =3=, 581-2.
prohibits Jews from practicing medicine among Christians, =3=,
582, 583.
=Béziers, the Jews of=, attacked at Eastertide, =3=, 173-4, 394.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 394-5.
under Count Roger, =3=, 395.
suffering of, during the Albigensian crusades, =3=, 502-3.
excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 530.
=Bible=, the. _See_ Law, the; Old Testament, the; Pentateuch, the;
Scriptures, the; Septuagint, the; Translation; Vulgate, the;
_and under its various books_.
=Bible exegesis.= _See_ Exegesis.
“=Bible for Israelites=,” by Sachs, =5=, 693.
“=Biblical Orient=, The,” ascribed to Isaac Bernays, =5=, 575.
on the symbolism of Judaism, =5=, 575-6.
emphasizes the historical mission of the Jews, =5=, 576.
=Bidkar=, follower of Jehu, =1=, 211.
=Biester=, admirer of Mendelssohn, =5=, 372.
=Bilbeïs, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 444.
=Bing, Isaiah Berr= (1759-1805), writes a defense of the Jews, =5=,
434.
=Birah=, the. _See_ Acra, the; Antonia.
=Birath=, camp of Bacchides, =1=, 486.
=Birchath ha-Minim=, curse of the Jewish Christians, =2=, 379-80.
=Biri=, religiousness of the inhabitants of, =2=, 480.
=Birtha.= _See_ Bitra.
=Biterræ.= _See_ Béziers.
=Bither.= _See_ Bethar.
=Bitra=, the Jews of, hostile to Julian the Apostate, =2=, 601-2.
=Black Death=, the, ravages of, =4=, 100, 133, 135.
Jews charged with having caused, =4=, 101-2, 188; =5=, 728.
in southern France, =4=, 102.
in Spain, =4=, 102-3, 112-13.
in Switzerland, =4=, 103-5, 106-7.
in Germany, =4=, 105, 111, 133.
in Austria, =4=, 110.
in Hungary, =4=, 111.
in Poland, =4=, 111-12.
in Belgium, =4=, 112.
in Catalonia, =4=, 112-13.
in Castile, =4=, 113.
=Black Forest=, the, the Jews of, molested by Lutheran peasants,
=4=, 542-3.
=Black Prince=, the. _See_ Edward, prince of Wales.
=Black Sea=, the, Jews settle on the shores of, =3=, 123.
serfs on, =5=, 2.
=Blanche=, mother of Louis IX, at the disputation on the Talmud, =3=,
576.
refuses to banish the Jews, =3=, 585.
=Blanche de Bourbon=, wife of Pedro the Cruel, =4=, 116-17.
party of, =4=, 117.
meditates the banishment of the Spanish Jews, =4=, 117.
murder of, resolved on, =4=, 121-2.
death of, attributed to the Jews, =4=, 122.
illegality of the marriage of, =4=, 122.
=Blandrata=, disciple of Servetus, =4=, 647.
=Bloch, Mattathias=, emissary of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 133, 137.
=Blois=, the Jews of, charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 378-81.
fast prescribed for, =3=, 380-1.
=Blood accusation=, the, first preferred in Blois in 1171, =3=,
378-81.
under Philip Augustus, =3=, 402.
in Germany in the twelfth century, =3=, 418.
preferred by Innocent III, =3=, 499.
against the Baden Jews, =3=, 564.
in Germany and France in the thirteenth century, =3=, 583-5.
disproved by Innocent IV, =3=, 584-5, 635.
in England under Henry III, =3=, 591.
believed by Alfonso X, =3=, 596.
under Rudolph of Habsburg, =3=, 635-7.
at Mayence, =3=, 636.
at Munich, =3=, 636-7.
in England, =3=, 643.
against the Jews of Austria, =4=, 223-4.
in South Germany, =4=, 227.
against the Jews of Palma, =4=, 246-7.
against the Jews of Silesia, =4=, 261-2.
forbidden by Casimir IV of Poland, =4=, 264.
against the Jews of Trent, =4=, 298-9, 304, 307.
in Ratisbon, =4=, 301-2, 304-5.
not believed by Emperor Frederick III, =4=, 305.
the Jews of Castile charged with, =4=, 343-4.
the Jews of Neuburg charged with, =4=, 545.
injustice of, shown by a Lutheran pastor, =4=, 545-6.
preferred by Dr. John Eck, =4=, 546-7.
preferred by Luther, =4=, 550.
denounced by Stephen Bathori, =4=, 642.
preferred by William Prynne, =5=, 45.
Manasseh ben Israel defends the Jews from, =5=, 47-9.
the Jews of Metz charged with, =5=, 174-5.
Richard Simon disproves, =5=, 175-6.
Moses Germanus disproves, =5=, 177.
denounced by John Wülfer, =5=, 185.
denounced by Wagenseil, =5=, 187.
endorsed by Eisenmenger, =5=, 187, 188.
preferred by the Frankists, =5=, 279.
Jews acquitted of, by Benedict XIV, =5=, 282.
Jews acquitted of, by Clement XIII, =5=, 285.
Believed by the papal nuncio Serra, =5=, 286.
not refuted at Lemberg, =5=, 287.
threatened to be brought in Damascus, =5=, 633.
the Damascus Jews charged with, =5=, 636.
alleged to be proved from the Talmud, =5=, 639.
brought against the Jews of Rhodes, =5=, 640-1.
a Jülich Jew charged with, =5=, 642.
groundlessness of, asserted by apostates, =5=, 650.
groundlessness of, asserted by the London rabbis, =5=, 654-5.
refuted by Mehmet Ali, =5=, 661.
firman securing the Turkish Jews against, =5=, 662.
refuted by Zunz, =5=, 669.
_See also_ Child-murder; Host-desecration.
=Boabdil.= _See_ Muley Abu-Abdallah.
=Bodenlaube=, castle, Süsskind of Trimberg at, =3=, 420.
=Bodo=, bishop, accepts Judaism, =3=, 168-9.
hatred of, towards Christians, =3=, 169.
=Boëthius=, a notability of the sixth century, =3=, 31.
=Boëthus=, a family of high priests, =2=, 108, 237.
=Boëthusans=, a Sadducee sect, =2=, 108.
=Bohemia=, Jews in, in the ninth century, =3=, 144.
a Talmud center, =3=, 420-1.
adopts Frederick the Valiant’s Jewish statute, =3=, 569.
Jews emigrate to, from Hungary, =4=, 111.
Austrian exiles settle in, =4=, 224.
Polish Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
Jewish exiles from Vienna settle in, =5=, 173.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 208, 228.
Jews excluded from parts of, =5=, 523.
rabbis of, oppose the Brunswick conference, =5=, 682.
=Bohemia, the Jews of=, carry on the slave trade, =3=, 305.
suffer during the first crusade, =3=, 305.
determine to emigrate, =3=, 307.
plundered, =3=, 308.
suffer during the second crusade, =3=, 356.
address Solomon ben Adret on religious questions, =3=, 620.
suffer during the Hartmann von Deggenburg persecution, =4=, 98.
charged with host-desecration, =4=, 164-6.
threatened with expulsion, =4=, 417.
take refuge in Poland, =4=, 420, 631-2.
charged with incendiarism, =4=, 544.
exiled, =4=, 544.
recalled, =4=, 545.
submit religious questions to the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 639.
heavily taxed, =4=, 652, 702; =5=, 508.
rights of, extended, =4=, 707.
suspected of treason, =5=, 252.
banished, =5=, 252.
modify their synagogue service, =5=, 582.
=Böhme, Jacob=, mystic, disciple of, =5=, 24.
=Boleslav Pius=, confirms Frederick the Valiant’s Jewish statute, =4=,
111, 263.
=Bologgin.= _See_ Balkin.
=Bologna=, synod at, =4=, 218.
Jewish printing house in, =4=, 289.
Marranos well treated at, =4=, 525.
=Bologna, the Jews of=, expelled, =3=, 421.
persecuted by Pius V, =4=, 590-1.
flee to Ferrara, =4=, 591.
=Bomberg, Daniel=, publishes the Babylonian Talmud, =4=, 468.
a rabbinical Bible, =4=, 476.
=Bonafides=, character in “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 325.
=Bonafoux Vidal=, opposes the study of science, =4=, 28.
=Bonafoux, Daniel Israel=, Sabbatian, =5=, 207.
convert to Islam, =5=, 208.
=Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise=, French reactionary leader, and the
emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 477-9.
maligns the Jews, =5=, 478, 485.
in league with Molé, =5=, 479.
=Bonastruc de Porta.= _See_ Moses ben Nachman.
=Bonastruc Desmaëstre=, at the Tortosa disputation, =4=, 208.
=Bonastruc, Isaac.= _See_ Isaac Bonastruc.
=Bonet.= _See_ David Bonet Buen-Giorno.
=Bonet=, a Jew of Montpellier, =3=, 395.
=Bonet de Lates=, physician, to Pope Alexander VI, =4=, 407-8.
to Leo X, =4=, 408.
letter to, from Reuchlin, =4=, 453, 454.
espouses Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 454.
=Bonfed.= _See_ Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed.
=Bonifaccio, Balthasar=, accuser of Sarah Sullam, =5=, 70.
=Boniface VIII=, pope, at odds with Philip IV of France, =4=, 44.
=Boniface IX=, pope, forbids the forcible baptism of Jews, =4=, 173.
=Bonnet, Caspar=, work of, translated by Lavater, =5=, 309.
works of, criticised by Mendelssohn, =5=, 312-13, 314-15.
disclaims connection with Lavater, =5=, 313-14.
=Bonosus=, governor of the East, subdues the Jews of Antioch, =3=,
18.
“=Book of Creation=, The,” commentary on, =3=, 197.
“=Book of Riches=, The,” work by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 261.
“=Book of the Pious=, The,” by Judah Sir Leon ben Isaac, =3=, 408.
=Book of the Wars of God=, early Hebrew poetry, =1=, 29.
“=Book of Wisdom=, The,” against paganism, =2=, 205-8.
=Boppard=, the blood accusation in, =3=, 418, 637, 639.
=Boraïta=, an apocryphal Mishna, =2=, 470.
=Boraïtas=, explained by Abba-Areka, =2=, 515.
by Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 578.
=Bordeaux=, the Marranos in, =5=, 341.
German Jews in, =5=, 342.
struggle in, between German and Portuguese Jews, =5=, 342-3.
foreign Jews ejected from, =5=, 343-4.
=Bordeaux, the Jews of=, maltreated by crusaders, =3=, 570.
perish during the Pastoureaux massacres, =4=, 56.
addressed in behalf of the Moravian and Bohemian Jews, =5=, 253.
in Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
number of, =5=, 435.
prosperity of, =5=, 436.
join the National Guard, =5=, 438.
on the Jewish question, =5=, 442.
emancipated, =5=, 442-3.
not affected by Napoleon’s restrictive laws, =5=, 499.
=Borgia=, cardinal. _See_ Alexander VI, pope.
=Börne, Ludwig= (1786-1837), employed in the Frankfort ducal police,
=5=, 505, 541.
defends the German Jews, =5=, 533.
as a Jew, =5=, 536.
as a German, =5=, 536-7.
apostle of liberty, =5=, 537, 538-9.
resemblance of, to Mendelssohn, =5=, 538.
despises the Jews of his time, =5=, 538, 540.
sobriety of, =5=, 538.
life of, in Frankfort, =5=, 539.
style of, =5=, 539.
feeling of, for Jews, =5=, 539-40.
insults offered to, as a Jew, =5=, 540-1.
defends the Jews, =5=, 541-2.
publishes a journal, =5=, 542.
becomes a Christian, =5=, 542.
wit of, =5=, 542.
on the “hep, hep!” persecutions, =5=, 542-3.
answers Dr. Holst, =5=, 543-4.
compared with Heine, =5=, 544.
early home-life of, =5=, 545.
debt of the Jews to, =5=, 556.
debt of Germany to, =5=, 556.
compared with Erter, =5=, 615.
=Boso=, king of Burgundy, and the Jews, =3=, 175.
=Bosporus=, the, Jews settle on, =3=, 123.
a Karaite community on, =3=, 182.
=Bosporus= (Kertch), capital of the Crimea, =3=, 222.
=Bossuet=, bishop, applauds Richard Simon’s exegesis, =5=, 179.
=Bostanaï=, Exilarch, restores the office to power, =3=, 10.
recognized as chief of the Jews, =3=, 89.
marries a daughter of Chosru, =3=, 89.
vassal of the Mahometans, =3=, 89.
permitted to wear a signet ring, =3=, 89-90.
dissensions among the sons of, =3=, 91.
descendants of, and the college presidents, =3=, 91.
descendants of, inherit the Exilarchate, =3=, 94.
Sherira a descendant of, =3=, 232.
line of, described in Sherira’s “Letter,” =3=, 233.
=Bostra=, birthplace of Simon ben Lakish, =2=, 495.
=Botarel, Moses.= _See_ Moses Botarel.
=Bourbon dynasty=, the, restored to the French throne, =5=, 512, 596.
=Bourges=, the archbishop of, anti-Jewish sentiments of, =3=, 171.
“=Bow and Buckler=,” polemic by Simon ben Zemach Duran, =4=, 238.
=Brabant=, soldiers of, enlisted against the Hussites, =4=, 225.
=Brahe, Tycho=, astronomer, and David Gans, =4=, 638.
=Brancas=, duke of, given the Jews of Metz, =5=, 348, 446.
=Brandenburg=, the Mark of, Jews settle in, =5=, 173-4.
=Brandenburg, the Mark of, the Jews of=, accused of host-desecration,
=4=, 439-40.
charged with child murder, =4=, 440.
burnt, =4=, 440.
threatened with expulsion, =4=, 652.
=Bray=, the Jews of, suffer martyrdom, =3=, 404.
=Brazil=, Paul de Pina in, =4=, 670.
the Jewish community in, =4=, 693-4.
=Breidenbach, Wolff= (1751-1829), interested in the abolition of the
poll-tax, =5=, 467, 468, 472.
=Bremen=, Jews admitted into, =5=, 507.
=Bremen, the Jews of=, threatened with banishment, =5=, 512.
banished, =5=, 520.
=Brendel=, professor, attacked for defending the Jews, =5=, 528.
=Brentano=, representative of the romantic school, =5=, 515.
=Breslau=, the clergy of, upbraided by John of Capistrano, =4=,
260-1.
Chayon at, =5=, 218.
anti-Jewish pamphlets published in, =5=, 470.
rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
the Hamburg reforms adopted in, =5=, 573.
a German-Jewish church in, =5=, 682.
a Jewish seminary at, =5=, 699, 700.