of Uriel da Costa, =5=, 64-5.
of Solomon Maimon, =5=, 409.
=Auto-da-fé=, the first, of Marranos, =4=, 317.
_See also_ Marranos, the; Inquisition, the.
=Auvergne= (Arverna), Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
=Auxerre=, rabbi of, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Averroës= (Ibn-Roshd), commentaries by, on Aristotle, translated,
=3=, 566-7.
views of, opposed by Gersonides, =4=, 93.
admired by Narboni, =4=, 94.
quoted by Jewish preachers, =4=, 232.
system of, expounded by Elias del Medigo, =4=, 290.
=Avesta=, the, laws of clean and unclean in, =1=, 402.
=Avicebrol= (Avicebron), name of Solomon Ibn-Gebirol among the
schoolmen, =3=, 271.
=Avicenna.= _See_ Ibn-Sina.
=Avigedor Kara=, rabbi of Prague, on friendly terms with Emperor
Wenceslaus, =4=, 166.
=Avignon=, the council of, forbids the employment of Jews in state
offices, =3=, 503-4.
the papacy at, =4=, 162.
Jews remain in, after their banishment from France, =4=, 177, 659.
David Reubeni in, =4=, 499.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 141.
Jews in, during the French Revolution, =5=, 436.
=Avignon, the Jews of=, oppose the study of science, =4=, 33.
tolerated by the popes, =4=, 177.
expelled, =4=, 592.
honor Crémieux and Montefiore, =5=, 658.
=Avila, de=, Marrano bishop, burnt by Torquemada, =4=, 333.
=Avila=, the Messiah of, =4=, 8-9, 9-10.
religious disputation at, =4=, 140-2.
Henry IV deposed at, =4=, 278.
law of, =4=, 229.
=Avila, the Jews of=, under Sancho, =3=, 617.
converted by Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 205.
=Avitus=, bishop, presides over the council of Epaone, =3=, 37.
forcibly converts the Jews of Clermont, =3=, 38-9.
celebrated in a poem, =3=, 39.
=Avran=, commander under Lysimachus the Benjamite, =1=, 449.
=Ayllon, Solomon= (1667-1728),
Sabbatian, profligacy of, =5=, 210.
youth of, =5=, 214.
rabbi of London, =5=, 214.
rabbi of Amsterdam, =5=, 215.
on Chacham Zevi, =5=, 221.
mistrusted by the Portuguese community, =5=, 222.
supports Chayon’s cause, =5=, 222-3.
refuses reconciliation with Chacham Zevi, =5=, 224.
acquits Chayon of heresy, =5=, 224-5.
Brieli writes to, =5=, 225.
summons Chacham Zevi before the Council, =5=, 226.
abandons Chayon, =5=, 231.
=Azael=, name of a Sefirah, =4=, 17.
=Azariah.= _See_ Uzziah.
=Azariah=, general of Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 476.
=Azariah=, high priest, contest of, with Uzziah, =1=, 245.
=Azariah ben Zadok=, high priest under Solomon, =1=, 167.
=Azarya ben Moses deï Rossi= (1514-1578), attainments of, =4=, 614.
connects the Talmud with other ancient writings, =4=, 614.
works by, =4=, 615.
as a critic, =4=, 615.
declared a heretic, =4=, 616.
=Azeka=, offers opposition to Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 311.
“=Azharoth=,” composed by Isaac ben Reuben Albergeloni, =3=, 284.
=Aziz=, of Emesa, husband of Drusilla, =2=, 235.
=Azotus.= _See_ Ashdod.
=Azriel=, Kabbalist, reduces the Kabbala to a system, =3=,
548; =4=, 14.
history of, unknown, =3=, 548.
clothes the Kabbala in philosophical language, =3=, 549, 556.
=Azzel Ibn-Samuel=, one of the Benu-Kuraiza, =3=, 81.
=B=
=Baal=, altar to, in Samaria, =1=, 197.
priests of, assemble by order of Elijah, =1=, 203-4.
=Baal, the worship of=, among the Canaanites, =1=, 54.
by Ammonites and Moabites, =1=, 55.
at Ophrah, =1=, 62.
in Samuel’s time, =1=, 75.
under Omri, =1=, 195.
under Athaliah, =1=, 212, 214.
removed from Jerusalem, =1=, 216-17.
under Jeroboam II, =1=, 233.
abolished by Menahem, =1=, 244.
_See also_ Astarte; Idolatry.
=Baal ha-Turim.= _See_ Jacob ben Asheri.
=Baal-Peor.= _See_ Peor.
=Baal-Perazim=, mount, scene of a Philistine defeat, =1=, 116.
=Baal-Shem.= _See_ Israel of Miedziboz.
=Baal-Zebub=, idol, consulted by Ahaziah, =1=, 207.
=Baalbek=, a Karaite center, =3=, 158.
captured by Hulagu, =3=, 606.
=Baalis=, king of Ammon, protects Judæan fugitives, =1=, 318.
instigates Gedaliah’s murder, =1=, 322.
=Baaltis.= _See_ Astarte.
=Baasha=, of Israel, kills Nadab, =1=, 189.
ascends the throne, =1=, 190.
allied with the king of Egypt, =1=, 190.
at war with Asa, =1=, 190-1.
allied with Ben-hadad I, =1=, 191.
takes Ramah, =1=, 191.
death of, =1=, 191.
=Bab al Abwab=, Persian wall against the Chazars, =3=, 138.
=Baba ben Buta=, follower of Shammai, =2=, 133.
=Babenberg=, the princes of, permit Jews to fill state offices, =3=,
567.
=Babylon=, inhabitants of, colonized in Samaria, =1=, 285.
description of, =1=, 330.
fall of, =1=, 349-50.
the goddess of love worshiped in, =1=, 408.
the Judæans of, aid Judæa against Rome, =2=, 264.
study of the Law in, =2=, 358.
=Babylonia=, the scene of Jewish activity, =2=, 503-4, 531, 537; =3=,
160; =5=, 726.
three meanings of, in Jewish history, =2=, 504-5.
resembles the Holy Land, =2=, 544.
Jewish public life in, =2=, 547.
independent of Judæa, =2=, 548.
rise of, =2=, 557.
the study of the Law flourishes in, =2=, 574-5.
called Irak by the Arabs, =3=, 89.
loses intellectual supremacy, =3=, 193, 210, 228.
Jewish communal life in, in the tenth century, =3=, 194.
visited by Petachya, =3=, 421.
=Babylonia, Jewish=, described, =2=, 504.
compared with Judæa, =2=, 505.
districts of, =2=, 505.
towns of, =2=, 505-8.
fertility of, =2=, 507-8.
scene of the war between Julian and Shabur II, =2=, 601.
Sora the center of, =2=, 607.
constitution of, =3=, 93-101.
communal constitution of, =3=, 98-100.
power of, =3=, 100-1.
mystic doctrines flourish in, =3=, 154.
=Babylonia, the Jews of=, resist Trajan, =2=, 393, 397.
favorable position of, =2=, 508.
political chief of, =2=, 508-11.
needs of, produce a new development of the Law, =2=, 511.
resort to the academies of Galilee, =2=, 511, 531.
religious ignorance of, =2=, 513.
immorality of, =2=, 516-17, 579.
establish the sanctity of the law of the land, =2=, 520.
suffer under Magian supremacy, =2=, 524-5.
on friendly terms with the Magi, =2=, 525-6.
injured by Odenathus, =2=, 527.
luxurious habits of, =2=, 588.
oppressed by Shabur II, =2=, 591-2.
favor Julian the Apostate, =2=, 597.
well treated by Jezdijird, =2=, 609-10.
persecuted, =2=, 626, 627-8; =3=, 8.
suffer under Zendik communism, =3=, 2-3.
rebel under Mar-Zutra II, =3=, 3-4.
independence of, =3=, 3-4.
kindly treated by Bahram Tshubin, =3=, 8-9.
prosperous under Chosru II, =3=, 9-10.
help the Arabs, =3=, 89.
form a separate community under the Exilarch, =3=, 89.
oppose Moawiyah, =3=, 90, 92.
ill-treated by the caliphs of the East, =3=, 176-7.
=Babylonia, the Judæans of=, kindly treated, =1=, 329-30, 331.
government and possessions of, =1=, 330.
easily learn Aramaic, =1=, 330-1.
practice idolatry, =1=, 332.
cherish Hebrew literature, =1=, 334-6.
joined by the descendants of the Ten Tribes, =1=, 335-6.
mourning of, =1=, 337-8.
make proselytes, =1=, 338-9.
adopt Chaldæan superstitions, =1=, 339-40.
occupations and wealth of, =1=, 339-40.
literature produced by, =1=, 340-2.
not desirous of returning to Palestine, =1=, 340, 341.
beg for permission to return to Palestine, =1=, 342-3.
hate Babylon, =1=, 343.
persecuted, =1=, 343-4.
divided into the worldly and the pious, =1=, 349.
interested in the war with Cyrus, =1=, 349.
cured of idolatry by the fall of Babylon, =1=, 350.
permitted to return to Palestine, =1=, 351.
number of, returning under Cyrus, =1=, 352.
sympathy of, with the returning exiles, =1=, 354-5.
national enthusiasm of, =1=, 363-5.
accompany Ezra to Palestine, =1=, 366.
send contributions to the Temple, =2=, 52.
welcome Hyrcanus II, =2=, 90.
own large tracts of land, =2=, 202.
in Batanæa, =2=, 274.
massacred by Varus, =2=, 275.
retreat to Gamala, =2=, 275.
=Bacchides=, Syrian general, sent to Jerusalem, =1=, 482.
slays Judæans at Beth-Zachariah, =1=, 483.
encamps before Jerusalem, =1=, 486.
defeats the Judæans at Eleasa, =1=, 487.
reduces the whole country, =1=, 491.
leaves Judæa, =1=, 492.
makes a truce with Jonathan Haphus, =1=, 493-4.
=Bacchus=, worshiped in Alexandria, =1=, 428.
=Bacharach=, the Jews of, massacred, =3=, 636.
=Bachiel Ibn-Alkonstantini=, physician, Maimunist, =2=, 536, 537.
=Bachurim=, Talmud students, =4=, 640; =5=, 567.
=Bachya Ibn-Pakuda=, moral philosopher, system of, =3=, 271-2.
ascetic, =3=, 272.
work of, translated, =3=, 392, 397.
=Badajoz=, Henrique Nunes murdered at, =4=, 490.
attacked by Spanish Marranos =4=, 498.
=Baden, the Jews of=, the blood-accusation against, =3=, 564.
obtain political freedom, =5=, 502-3.
persecuted, =5=, 530-1.
honor Riesser, =5=, 601.
=Badis=, Berber king, supported by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 258.
makes him vizir, =3=, 258.
makes him chief of the Granada congregations, =3=, 259.
avenges Balkin’s death, =3=, 275.
orders the massacre of the Granada Arabs, =3=, 276.
mistrusts Joseph Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 277.
=Baffa=, sultana, favorite of, =4=, 629.
=Bagdad=, a scientific center, =3=, 146.
the Mutazilist theology taught at, =3=, 147.
in the Pumbeditha district, =3=, 156.
Saadiah at, =3=, 196.
Sabbataï Donnolo at, =3=, 213.
birthplace of Dunash ben Labrat, =3=, 226.
Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, =3=, 369.
=Bagdad, the Jews of=, prosperous under Al-Mutadhid, =3=, 183.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 428.
Talmudical college of, =3=, 429, 438.
invited to join David Alrui, =3=, 431.
enthusiastic for David Alrui, =3=, 432.
Maimunists, =3=, 633.
attacked by the Mongols, =3=, 649-50.
=Bagdad Caliphate=, the. _See_ Abbasside Caliphate, the.
=Bagoas= (Bagoses), Syrian commander, murders Artaxerxes III, =1=,
409.
levies a tax on the daily sacrifice, =1=, 409-10.
=Bahir=, a Kabbalistic manuscript, =3=, 556, 557.
=Bahram Tshubin=, Persian general, ascends the throne, =3=, 8.
friendly to the Jews, =3=, 8-9.
dispossessed by Chosru II, =3=, 9.
=Bahurim=, David passes through, =1=, 142.
=Bail=, defends the Jews, =5=, 522.
=Bailly=, mayor of Paris, favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=,
445.
=Bairut.= _See_ Beyrout.
=Bajazet (Bajasid) II=, sultan, censures the expulsion of the Spanish
Jews, =4=, 356.
receives Spanish exiles kindly, =4=, 364, 400.
Jews under, =4=, 402.
=Baki, Simon=, rabbi, superstition of, =5=, 201-2.
=Balaam=, magician, employed against the Israelites, =1=, 28.
=Balak=, king of Moab, hostile to the Israelites, =1=, 28.
“=Balance, The=,” grammatical work by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371.
=Balanyiar=, Jews settle in, =3=, 124, 139.
=Balch=, birthplace of Chivi Albalchi, =3=, 198.
=Baldwin IV=, of Jerusalem, banishes the Jews, =3=, 427.
=Baldwin=, archbishop of Canterbury, induces Richard I to dismiss the
Jews from his palace, =3=, 410.
and Benedict of York’s baptism, =3=, 411.
=Balkin= (Bologgin), of Granada, abdicates in favor of Badis, =3=,
258.
death of, =3=, 258, 275.
partisans of, leave Granada, =3=, 258.
Joseph Ibn-Nagrela secretary to, =3=, 274.
=Bamberg=, the council of, enforces Jew badges, =4=, 255.
the Jews of, persecuted, =5=, 529.
=Band of Virtue=, the, founded by Berlin Jewesses, =5=, 423, 425.
=Bandito=, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104.
=Baptism=, the moral meaning of, taught by John the Baptist, =2=, 146.
value of, examined by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 188.
=Baptista, John= (Solomon Romano), grandson of Elias Levita, apostate,
denounces the Talmud, =4=, 564.
=Bar=, the Jews of, slaughtered by Cossacks, =5=, 11.
=Barak=, judge, leads the Israelites against Jabin, =1=, 61.
=Barbaro, Mark Antonio=, Venetian consul, and Solomon Ashkenazi, =4=,
605.
=Barbary states=, the, Marranos emigrate to, =4=, 485.
Polish-Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
=Barbastro=, the Jews of, converted, =4=, 214.
the Marranos of, conspire against Arbues, =4=, 330.
=Barcelona=, the disputation at, =3=, 598-601.
bishop of, appointed censor of the Talmud, =3=, 603.
report of the disputation at, =3=, 603-4.
Kabbala taught in, =4=, 6.
Marranos from, in Algiers, =4=, 199.
the Inquisition established in, =4=, 332.
Jews disappear from, =4=, 354.
exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
=Barcelona, the Jews of=, the leaders of northern Spain, =3=, 387-8.
entreat Nachmani to break off the disputation, =3=, 600-1.
opposed to the study of science, =4=, 29, 33, 40.
charged with causing the Black Death, =4=, 102-3.
persecuted, =4=, 171-2.
=Bar-Chanina=, teacher of Jerome, =2=, 623-4.
=Bar-Cochba=, attacks Akiba, =2=, 409.
described as the Messiah, =2=, 410.
confidence of, =2=, 411.
victories of, =2=, 411.
coins of, =2=, 411.
hostile to Christians, =2=, 412.
restores the Jewish state, =2=, 412, 413.
strongholds of, =2=, 414-15.
particulars of the revolt of, =2=, 415-16.
loses the strongholds of the north, =2=, 416.
causes the death of Eleazar of Modin, =2=, 418.
end of, unknown, =2=, 419.
=Barebones Parliament.= _See_ Parliament, the Short.
=Bar-Eleaza=, son-in-law of Judah I, =2=, 455-6.
=Barfat Crescas=, imprisoned, =4=, 150.
=Barfat.= _See_ Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat; Zarak.
=Bari=, the four Sora emissaries captured at, =3=, 203.
=Baris.= _See_ Acra, the; Antonia.
=Bar-Kappara.= _See_ Simon bar Kappara.
=Bar-Kasha=, and Rab, =2=, 518.
=Bar-Kosiba=, real name of Bar-Cochba.
=Barlæus, Caspar=, Socinian, and Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 22.
=Barnabas.= _See_ Jose Barnabas.
=Barnave=, favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 441.
=Barrios, Miguel (Daniel) de=, historian, =5=, 202.
versifier, =5=, 204.
=Bartholomaion=, demon exorcised by Simon ben Yochaï, =2=, 449.
=Baruch=, ancestor of the Ibn-Albalias, early settlement of, in
Spain, =3=, 43.
=Baruch of Benevento=, Kabbalist, =4=, 481.
=Baruch ben Samuel=, Talmudist, member of the Mayence synod, =3=, 517.
=Baruch Ibn-Albalia=, birth of the son of, =3=, 322.
=Baruch, son of Neriah=, reads Jeremiah’s prophecies in the
Temple, =1=, 304.
taken prisoner by the Chaldæans, =1=, 315.
attends Jeremiah in Mizpah, =1=, 320.
taken captive by Ishmael, =1=, 322.
rescued, =1=, 323.
in Egypt, =1=, 324.
in Babylon, =1=, 328.
brings Jeremiah’s writings to Babylon, =1=, 336.
writes a history of Israel, =1=, 336-7.
Letter of, translated, =2=, 359.
=Baruch Gad=, Palestinian emissary, on the Sons of Moses, =5=, 126.
=Baruch Yavan=, carries the Eibeschütz controversy to Poland,
=5=, 262-3.
=Baruch, Jacob=, Börne’s father, deputy to the Congress of
Vienna, =5=, 513.
=Baruch, Löb= (Louis). _See_ Börne, Ludwig.
=Barzaphernes=, Parthian commander, =2=, 82.
=Barzillai=, aids David, =1=, 144.
=Bashan=, the inhabitants of, appeal to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474-5.
=Basilius= (850-866), emperor, tries to convert the Jews, =3=, 175-6.
=Basilius=, Jewish slave-dealer, and Pope Gelasius, =3=, 29.
=Basle=, the Talmud printed at, =4=, 589.
Alsatian Jews escape to, =5=, 437.
=Basle, the Council of=, renews the anti-Jewish measures of previous
councils, =4=, 245, 248, 251, 264.
excludes Jews from university degrees, =4=, 245.
favors baptized Jews, =4=, 246.
degrades Eugenius IV, =4=, 249, 250.
decree of, concerning Jewish physicians disregarded, =4=, 407.
=Basle, the Jews of=, protected from the Black Death persecutions,
=4=, 106, 108.
banishment of, demanded, =4=, 106-7.
burnt, =4=, 107.
=Basmath=, daughter of Solomon, =1=, 177.
=Basnage, Jacob= (1653-1723), historian of the Jewish dispersion, =5=,
195, 593.
on the persecutions of the Jews, =5=, 195-6.
consults Jewish historians, =5=, 196.
faults of the history by, =5=, 196-7.
prejudiced, =5=, 197.
importance of the history by, =5=, 197.
disciples of, =5=, 197.
history of, suggested by Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 202.
=Bassan, Isaiah=, teacher of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, =5=, 235.
espouses Luzzatto’s cause, =5=, 238, 241.
makes Luzzatto promise not to teach Kabbala, =5=, 239.
has Luzzatto’s writings in safekeeping, =5=, 239.
permits Luzzatto to publish Kabbalistic works, =5=, 239.
=Bassora=, under the jurisdiction of the Sora academy, =3=, 98.
the Mutazilist theology taught in, =3=, 147.
the Gaon of Sora at, =3=, 202.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 437.
=Bassus=, Vespasian’s governor of Judæa, =2=, 315.
=Basula, Moses.= _See_ Moses Basula.
=Batanæa=, given to Philip by Herod’s will, =2=, 119.
under Philip, =2=, 137.
given to Agrippa II, =2=, 245.
cavalry from, sent to Jerusalem, =2=, 259, 260.
Babylonian Judæans in, =2=, 274.
Porphyry a native of, =2=, 502.
the Benu-Kainukaa settle in, =3=, 77-8.
=Batavian Republic, the, the Jews of=, emancipation of, =5=, 452.
number of, =5=, 453, 455.
disabilities of, =5=, 453.
writings hostile to, =5=, 453.
hold aloof from the National Assembly, =5=, 454.
emancipated, =5=, 456-7.
appointed to public offices, =5=, 458.
protection of, in Germany, =5=, 458, 463.
_See also_ Emancipation of the Dutch Jews; Holland.
=Bath-Kol=, heavenly voice, =2=, 337, 338.
=Bathori, Stephen=, election of, as king of Poland, =4=, 642.
the Jews prosperous under, =4=, 642-3.
=Bathsheba=, wife of Uriah the Hittite, becomes David’s wife, =1=,
132.
sons of, =1=, 133.
made first queen, =1=, 134.
pleads for Solomon’s succession, =1=, 153.
=Bathyra=, Judæan fortress in Batanæa, =2=, 274.
=Baudin=, suppresses evidence in favor of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 637.
=Bavaria=, John of Capistrano in, =4=, 258.
the poll-tax abolished in, =5=, 468.
=Bavaria, the Jews of=, suffer from the Rindfleisch persecution,
=4=, 35-6.
suffer from the Hartmann von Deggenburg persecution, =4=, 98.
during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 110.
accused of aiding the Hussites, =4=, 222.
assaulted by the imperial army, =4=, 225.
expelled, =4=, 253-4.
during John of Capistrano’s visit, =4=, 258.
taxed for the defense of the Ratisbon Jews, =4=, 305.
take refuge in Poland, =4=, 420.
accused of child-murder, =4=, 545-6.
partial emancipation of, =5=, 508.
=Bayonne=, the kings of Castile and of France meet at, =4=, 2.
=Bayonne, the Jews of=, addressed in behalf of the Moravian and
Bohemian Jews, =5=, 253.
in Malesherbes’ commission, =5=, 432.
prosperity of, =5=, 436.
emancipated, =5=, 442-3.
=Bayreuth=, the Jews of, persecuted, =5=, 530.
=Beatrice=, wife of Juan I of Castile, heir to Portugal, =4=, 158.
proposes David Negro as chief rabbi, =4=, 161.
=Beaucaire= (Belcaire), the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 400.
=Be-Chatim=, home of Achaï bar Huna, =2=, 631.
=Bechinath ha-Dath=, work of Elias del Medigo, =4=, 293.
=Bechinath Olam=, by Yedaya Bedaresi, =4=, 49.
=Bedaresi.= _See_ Abraham; Yedaya En-Bonet.
=Bedr=, battle of, between Mahomet and the Koraishites, =3=, 76.
=Beer of Mizricz= (Berish, 1700-1772), founder of new Chassidism, =5=,
375, 379.
learning of, =5=, 379.
habits of, =5=, 379-80.
pilgrimages to, =5=, 380, 407.
simulates inspiration, =5=, 380-1.
emphasizes the importance of the Sabbath, =5=, 381-2.
apostles of, =5=, 383.
adopts the Portuguese ritual, =5=, 386-7.
death of, =5=, 392.
a relative of, supreme Zaddik, =5=, 393.
sayings by, =5=, 393.
disciples of, =5=, 393.
=Beer, Jacob=, private synagogue of, in Berlin, =5=, 563.
=Beersheba=, frontier town of ancient Israel, =1=, 129.
pilgrimages to, =1=, 232.
=Behaim, Martin=, at João II’s astronomical congress, =4=, 367.
=Bekashoth ha-Memin=, prayer by Yedaya Penini, =4=, 43.
=Bekiin=, center for the teaching of the Law under Gamaliel II, =2=,
335, 348.
=Bel=, temple of, rebuilt by Alexander the Great, =1=, 415.
=Bela IV=, of Hungary, invites Jewish agents into his country, =3=,
613.
introduces Frederick the Valiant’s Jewish statute, =3=, 613-14.
=Belgium=, Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
the Jews of, during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 112.
Catholic agitators in, hostile to the Jews, =5=, 655.
“=Belief= of the Universe, The,” by Chayon, =5=, 219-20.
=Belillos, Jacob=, rabbi of Venice, and Luzzatto, =5=, 239.
=Belisarius=, Jewish soldiers fight against, =3=, 4.
removes the Temple vessels to Constantinople, =3=, 26.
in Italy, =3=, 31.
opposed by the Jews of Naples, =3=, 32.
=Belkis=, supposed name of the Queen of Sheba, =1=, 173.
“=Bellerophon=,” satire by Lefrank, =5=, 471-2.
=Bellieta=, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104.
=Belmonte, Bienvenida Coen=, Jewish poetess, =5=, 203.
=Belmonte, Jacob Israel=, poet, interested in the Amsterdam
Marranos, =4=, 665.
=Belmonte, Manuel=, poet, founder of an academy of poetry, =5=, 113.
=Belmontes=, the, millionaires at Amsterdam, =5=, 205.
=Belvedere=, the Nassi palace at Constantinople, =4=, 597.
Hebrew printing press at, =4=, 628.
=Ben-Adret.= _See_ Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret.
=Benaiah=, commander of David’s mercenaries, =1=, 122.
in the Ammonite war, =1=, 126.
opposes Absalom, =1=, 141.
acknowledges Solomon king, =1=, 153.
kills Adonijah and Joab, =1=, 160.
=Ben Asai= (Azai). _See_ Simon ben Asai.
=Ben Asher.= _See_ Moses and Aaron ben Asher.
=Benavente=, the Jews of, converted by Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 205.
=Ben-Batiach=, Zealot leader, aids Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 323.
=Bendama=, and the Jewish Christians, =2=, 370.
=Ben David=, Messiah, =2=, 144.
=Ben-David, Lazarus= (1762-1832), philosopher, =5=, 405.
admires Kant’s philosophy, =5=, 409.
lectures on Kant, =5=, 410.
deplores the decay of morality among Jews, =5=, 419.
leaves attacks on Judaism unanswered, =5=, 469.
influences Heine, =5=, 546.
member of the Society for Culture, =5=, 583.
=Bene Amri=, the, attack the Hasmonæans, =1=, 491.
=Bene Bathyra=, presidents of the Synhedrion, =2=, 90, 358.
resign in favor of Hillel, =2=, 99.
=Bene-Berak=, home of Akiba, =2=, 355.
=Benedict XII=, pope, unable to protect the Jews, =4=, 99.
=Benedict XIII= (Pedro de Luna), pope, debates with Shem-Tob ben
Isaac Shaprut, =4=, 142.
confers ecclesiastic offices upon Solomon Levi, =4=, 184, 190.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 200.
plans the conversion of the Spanish Jews, =4=, 206-7.
arranges the disputation at Tortosa, =4=, 207.
plans the annihilation of the Talmud, =4=, 209.
and Jewish delegates to Tortosa, =4=, 210.
pomp displayed by, =4=, 210-11.
refuses to release the Jews from the disputation, =4=, 211.
presides over the disputation, =4=, 212.
threatens the Jewish delegates with death, =4=, 213, 239.
issues a bull against the Talmud and the Jews, =4=, 215-16.
deposed by the council of Constance, =4=, 216, 228.
sets up a papal court at Peñiscola, =4=, 217.
originates the sermon for Jews, =4=, 655.
=Benedict XIV=, pope, acquits the Jews of the blood accusation, =5=,
282.
=Benedict of York=, accepts baptism, =3=, 411.
returns to Judaism, =3=, 411.
death of, =3=, 413.
house of, burnt, =3=, 413.
=Bene Korach.= _See_ Korah, the sons of.
=Bene Mikra.= _See_ Karaites, the.
=Benet, Mordecai=, leader of the orthodox party, =5=, 567, 572.
=Benevento=, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.
the Inquisition for Marranos at, =4=, 385.
=Benfelden=, the council at, banishes the Jews of the upper
Rhine, =4=, 107.
=Ben-hadad I=, of Damascus, ally of Israel and Judah, =1=, 191.
defeats Omri, =1=, 195.
=Ben-hadad II=, of Damascus, besieges Samaria, =1=, 205.
defeated by Ahab, =1=, 205.
treachery of, =1=, 205.
defeats Ahab and Jehoshaphat, =1=, 206.
murdered, =1=, 210.
=Ben-hadad III=, of Damascus, defeated, =1=, 221-2.
=Benisch, Abraham=, founder of the “Anglo-Jewish Association,”
=5=, 703.
=Benjamin, the tribe of=, acquires Gibeon, =1=, 38.
holds assemblies at Shiloh, =1=, 41.
opposed to intermarriages with the heathen, =1=, 56.
aids Ehud against the Moabites, =1=, 60.
attacked by the Philistines, =1=, 64.
aids Saul, =1=, 85.
accuses David of destroying the house of Saul, =1=, 124.
sides with Absalom, =1=, 139-40.
hesitates to recall David, =1=, 146.
meets David at the Jordan, =1=, 147.
closely united with Judah, =1=, 174.
loyal to Rehoboam, =1=, 182.
members of, return from the Captivity, =1=, 352.
=Benjamin of Canterbury=, Tossafist, =3=, 409.
=Benjamin of Fermo=, patron of Immanuel Romi, =4=, 68.
=Benjamin of Tiberias=, and Emperor Heraclius, =3=, 19, 22.
=Benjamin ben Jonah= of Tudela, traveler, =3=, 388-9; =4=, 127.
=Benjamin ben Moses= of Nahavend (800-820), spreads the Mutazilist
philosophy, =3=, 150-1.
founder of the Makariyite sect, =3=, 151.
=Benjamin Assia=, physician, scorns the teachers of the Law,
=2=, 589-90.