=2=, 612-13.
rebukes mild treatment of Jews, =2=, 614.
accuses the Jews, =2=, 614.
=Amemar= (390-420), Amora, opens an academy at Nahardea, =2=, 606.
subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.
at the court of Jezdijird, =2=, 610.
=Amemar bar Mar-Janka= (469-70?), Amora, executed, =2=, 629.
=Am-ha-Arez=, the ignorant, addressed by Jesus, =2=, 152.
=Ami=, Amora, defends a political offender, =2=, 529-30.
subordinates himself to the Babylonian authorities, =2=, 531, 537.
investigates the educational institutions of Judæa, =2=, 532.
investigates the observance of the Law in Samaria, =2=, 534.
appeals to Abbahu, =2=, 538.
meets the corpse of Huna, =2=, 548.
disciples of, =2=, 560.
=Amigo, Abraham=, Talmudist and Kabbalist, =5=, 126.
=Ammon=, an Egyptian god, =1=, 9.
=Ammonite district=, the, governed by Aretas, =1=, 447.
=Ammonites=, the, idolatry of, =1=, 55.
attack Ephraim and Judah, =1=, 64.
defeated by Jephthah, =1=, 64-5.
invade the territory of Gad and Manasseh, =1=, 80.
besiege Jabesh-Gilead, =1=, 89-90.
at war with David, =1=, 126-7.
subdued by David, =1=, 128-9.
declared bondmen by Solomon, =1=, 163.
attracted to Palestine, =1=, 173.
regain independence, =1=, 185.
urge Zedekiah to revolt, =1=, 310.
in friendly relations with the Judæans, =1=, 362.
hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasion, =1=, 474.
defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 474.
as proselytes, =2=, 343, 383-4.
=Amnon=, eldest son of David, killed, =1=, 134.
=Amolo=, bishop of Lyons, adversary of the Jews, =3=, 171, 172-3.
=Amon=, of Judah, idolatry under, =1=, 285-6.
murdered, =1=, 286.
=Amoraim=, the, connection of, with the Tanaites, =2=, 479.
expounders of the Mishna, =2=, 489.
compared with the Tanaites, =2=, 490, 590.
decisions of, =2=, 515.
of Galilee, methods of, =2=, 557.
last, in Judæa, compile the Jerusalem Talmud, =2=, 612.
Babylonian, create Talmudic dialectics, =2=, 635.
loss of creative power in the disciples of (_See_ Sabureans,
the), =3=, 5.
_See also_ Law, the, the teachers of.
=Amoraim=, the, list of:
Abayi Nachmani,
Abba of Accho,
Abba bar Abba,
Abba Areka (Rab),
Abbahu,
Abin,
Acha of Diphta,
Acha ben Jacob,
Achaï bar Huna,
Ada,
Amemar,
Amemar bar Mar-Janka,
Ami,
Ashi, son of Simaï,
Assi,
Chaggai,
Chama of Nahardea,
Chananya,
Chanina bar Chama,
Chasda of Cafri,
Chiskiya ben Chiya,
Chiya bar Abba,
Chiya bar Abba-Areka,
Dimé,
Huna,
Huna ben Chiya,
Huna ben Joshua,
Isaac bar Joseph,
Jannaï,
Jeremiah,
Jochanan bar Moryah,
Jochanan bar Napacha,
Jonah II,
Jonathan ben Amram,
José (Babylonian),
José (Palestinian),
Joseph ben Chiya,
Joshua ben Levi,
Judah II,
Judah III,
Judah ben Chiya,
Judah ben Ezekiel,
Kama,
Levi bar Sissi,
Mar bar Ashi,
Mar-Sheshet,
Mar-Ukban,
Mar-Zutra,
Meshershaya bar Pacod,
Nachman ben Isaac,
Nachman ben Jacob,
Papa bar Chanan,
Raba bar Joseph bar Chama,
Rabba bar Abbahu,
Rabba bar Chana,
Rabba bar Huna (Rab Abba),
Rabba bar Matana,
Rabba bar Nachmani,
Rabina,
Samuel,
Samuel (Arioch),
Samuel bar Bun,
Samuel bar Judah,
Shila,
Simaï bar Ashi,
Simlaï,
Simon bar Abba,
Simon bar Kappara,
Simon ben Lakish,
Tanchuma bar Abba,
Ulla,
Ushaya the Elder,
Ushaya the Younger,
Zeïra.
=Amorites=, the, a subdivision of the Canaanites, =1=, 3.
defeat the tribe of Dan, =1=, 39.
=Amos=, prophet, depicts the debauchery in Israel, =1=, 234.
beauty of the prophecies of, =1=, 235-6.
intrepidity of, =1=, 237.
prophesies concerning Judah, =1=, 237.
prophesies concerning Israel, =1=, 247.
=Amram.= _See_ Mar-Amram ben Sheshna.
=Amram ben Isaac Ibn-Shalbib=, physician and secretary to Alfonso VI
of Castile, =3=, 292.
ambassador to Seville, =3=, 295.
=Amram Efrati=, rabbi of Valencia, =4=, 162.
=Amru=, king of Yemen, =3=, 64.
=Amschel=, promotes the emancipation of the Frankfort Jews, =5=, 505.
=Amschel=, Talmudist, opponent of Israel Bruna, =4=, 302.
=Amsterdam=, the first Portuguese Marranos in, =4=, 665-75.
the first synagogue in, =4=, 667.
the second synagogue in, =4=, 671.
Hebrew printing press in, =4=, 675.
called new Jerusalem, =4=, 676.
the first synagogue of, honored, =4=, 678.
third synagogue of, =4=, 680.
German Jews settle in, =4=, 680-1.
union of the Portuguese congregations of, =4=, 681.
Jewish school in, =4=, 681-2.
Polish-Jewish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
the synagogue of, visited by an English ambassador, =5=, 33-4.
Joseph Delmedigo at, =5=, 79.
the secular authorities of, and Spinoza, =5=, 95.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 139, 150.
stagnation of the trade of, =5=, 149.
new synagogue at, =5=, 166-7.
Chayon at, =5=, 220.
repudiates Chayon, =5=, 231.
Luzzatto at, =5=, 242.
split in the Jewish community of, =5=, 457-8.
the German rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
rabbinical college at, =5=, 700.
=Amsterdam, the Jews of=, religious government of, =4=, 684-5.
influence of, =4=, 685.
branches of, =4=, 685, 693; =5=, 50.
desirous of settling in England, =5=, 18.
mourn for Isaac de Castro-Tartas, =5=, 32.
alarmed at Spinoza’s scepticism, =5=, 90-1, 92.
try Spinoza, =5=, 92.
lay him under the lesser ban, =5=, 93.
lay him under the greater ban, =5=, 94.
culture of, =5=, 109.
and Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 155.
warned against Sabbatian emissaries, =5=, 220.
marriages of, =5=, 453.
oppose their own emancipation, =5=, 454, 457.
number of, =5=, 455.
send messengers to the French Synhedrion, =5=, 496.
=Amsterdam, the Portuguese Jews (Marranos) of=, disturbed in their
religious exercises, =4=, 666.
pay a tax on corpses, =4=, 673.
intolerant treatment of, =4=, 673.
culture of, =4=, 674, 677-8.
invited to settle in Denmark, =4=, 675.
early in the seventeenth century, =4=, 677.
wealth of, =4=, 677; =5=, 205.
devotion of, to Judaism, =4=, 678-9.
found benevolent institutions, =4=, 679.
morality of, =4=, 679-80.
espouse Chayon’s cause, =5=, 223, 225.
abuse Chacham Zevi, =5=, 224.
urged to oppose Chayon, =5=, 225.
Chacham Zevi summoned before the council of, =5=, 226.
send Chayon to the East, =5=, 227.
hold aloof from the Eibeschütz controversy, =5=, 264.
=Amsterdam, the rabbis of=, mediocrity of, =4=, 682.
Poles, =5=, 17, 206.
try Spinoza, =5=, 92-4.
sentence Moses Meïr Kamenker, =5=, 230.
=Anabaptists=, the, enthusiasm of, =4=, 470.
=Anahita= (Anaitis), Persian goddess of love, =1=, 408.
=Anakim=, the aboriginal inhabitants of Canaan, =1=, 2.
=Anan= (Seth), a family of high priests, =2=, 237.
=Anan=, governor of the Temple, envoy to Rome, =2=, 244.
=Anan= (Ananias, son of Eleazar?) of the family of Anan, high priest
under Agrippa II, =2=, 236.
favors Sadducæism, =2=, 248, 271.
dismissed, =2=, 248-9.
house of, burnt, =2=, 260.
important post of, =2=, 271.
supports the charges against Josephus, =2=, 281.
incites a civil war, =2=, 295.
party of, overpowered, =2=, 295-6.
executed, =2=, 296.
=Anan=, of the family of Seth, high priest, =2=, 135.
=Anan ben David=, aspirant to the Exilarchate, =3=, 128.
opponents and adherents of, =3=, 129.
imprisoned, =3=, 129.
permitted to emigrate, =3=, 130.
opposes the Talmud, =3=, 130; =5=, 727.
works of, =3=, 131.
uses Mishnic rules of interpretation, =3=, 131.
abolishes the fixed calendar, =3=, 131.
rigor of, =3=, 132-3.
exegesis by, =3=, 133.
accepts Jesus and Mahomet, =3=, 133-4.
excommunicated, =3=, 134.
the Exilarch of the Karaites, =3=, 135.
memorial service for, =3=, 135.
mediocrity of, =3=, 135.
son of, his successor, =3=, 136.
characterized by Saadiah, =3=, 189.
descendants of, =3=, 444.
=Anan ben Jonathan=, advises the surrender of Jerusalem, =2=, 265.
=Ananel=, high priest, appointed by Herod, =2=, 90.
deposed, =2=, 91.
re-appointed, =2=, 92.
successor to, =2=, 107.
=Ananel di Foligno=, apostate, denounces the Talmud, =4=, 564.
=Anania=, merchant, converts Izates of Adiabene, =2=, 216.
=Anania=, physician to Izates of Adiabene, =2=, 217.
=Ananias=, high priest. _See_ Anan of the family of Anan.
=Ananias=, son of Onias IV, Egyptian general, sides with Cleopatra,
=2=, 10, 12.
prevents an invasion of Judæa, =2=, 41.
=Ananites=, the, appeal to the caliph, =3=, 129.
exiles, =3=, 134.
differ with their founder on various points, =3=, 136.
_See_ Karaites, the.
=Anastasius=, the Sinaite, Patriarch at Antioch, killed by the
Jews, =3=, 18.
=Anathoth=, birthplace of Jeremiah, =1=, 289, 290.
=Anatoli, Jacob.= _See_ Jacob ben Abba Mari ben Simon Anatoli.
=Anavim=, the (the Gentle), disciples of Isaiah, =1=, 254.
and Hezekiah, =1=, 267.
sufferings of, under Manasseh, =1=, 283-4.
spread the doctrines of God, =1=, 286.
nucleus of a nationalistic party in Babylonia, =1=, 337-8.
=Anbar.= _See_ Firuz-Shabur.
=Ancona=, Marranos permitted to settle in, =4=, 408, 500.
Solomon Molcho at, =4=, 501.
Marranos well treated in, =4=, 525, 526.
refuge of the Neapolitan Jews, =4=, 544.
trade of, diverted to Pesaro, =4=, 579, 580.
Jews of, try to regain their trade, =4=, 579.
Jews permitted to remain in, on their expulsion from the Papal
States, =4=, 591, 659.
=Ancona, the Marranos of=, protected by three popes, =4=, 568.
persecuted by Paul IV, =4=, 568-9.
tried by the Inquisition, =4=, 570-1.
=Andalusia=, broken up into small kingdoms, =3=, 255.
Berbers and Arabs at war in, =3=, 316.
conquered by the Almohades, =3=, 360.
Jews driven from, =3=, 384.
invaded by the Almohades, =3=, 506-7.
taxation of the Jews of, =3=, 617.
the Marranos of, taught by Jews, =4=, 334-5.
expulsion of the Jews from, proposed, =4=, 336.
_See also under_ Spain; Spain, Visigothic.
=Andalusian school=, the, of Jewish poetry, =3=, 223-4.
=Andrade, Abraham=, rabbi, deputy to the Assembly of Jewish Notables,
=5=, 484, 490.
=Andreas=, of Hungary, excommunicated for employing Jews, =3=, 521.
=Andreas Beltran=, Marrano, denounces the Talmud, =4=, 213.
=Andreias= (Lucuas), leader of the Jews of Cyrene, =2=, 395.
=Andrew=, disciple of Jesus, =3=, 153.
=Andro=, Joseph Nassi duke of, =4=, 596.
=Andromachos=, governor of Cœlesyria, killed by the Samaritans, =1=,
414.
=Andronicus=, lieutenant of Antiochus Epiphanes, murders Onias
III, =1=, 448.
=Andronicus=, son of Messalam, Judæan champion, =1=, 516.
=Angels=, imported into Judaism, =1=, 403.
=Angiel=, one of the Sefiroth, =4=, 17.
“=Anglo-Jewish Association=,” the, founders and work of, =5=, 703.
=Angoulême=, the Jews of, maltreated, =3=, 570.
=Angro-Mainyus=, Persian god of darkness, and Judaism, =1=, 402.
transformed into Satan, =1=, 403.
=Anilaï= (Chanilai), robber chieftain, =2=, 202.
=Anjou=, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
=Anjou, the Jews of=, observe a fast, =3=, 380.
under Henry II, =3=, 409.
maltreated, =3=, 570.
=Anna=, wife of Joceus of York, death of, =3=, 415.
“=Annals of Persecution, The=,” by Joseph Cohen, =4=, 590.
“=Annals of the Kings= of France and of the house of Othman, The,” by
Joseph Cohen, =4=, 556.
=Ano=, wife of Jeroboam I, =1=, 184.
=Ansar=, allies of Mahomet, =3=, 73.
=Anteri, Jacob=, rabbi of Damascus, charged with ritual murder, =5=,
638.
translates Talmud passages, =5=, 640.
=Anthropomorphists=, literalist expounders of the Koran, =3=, 148.
among the Jews, =3=, 152.
=Antigonus=, Macedonian general, and Ptolemy I, =1=, 417.
=Antigonus of Soho=, disciple of Simon the Just, saying of, =1=, 422.
=Antigonus=, son of Aristobulus II, graces Pompey’s triumph, =2=, 67.
escapes from Rome, =2=, 72.
second captivity of, =2=, 73.
protected by Ptolemy of Chalcis, =2=, 75.
seeks the aid of Cæsar, =2=, 75-6.
plots against Herod, =2=, 80-1.
king of Judæa, =2=, 82-3.
has coins struck, =2=, 83.
character of, =2=, 85.
dissension between, and the Synhedrists, =2=, 85-6.
declared an enemy of Rome, =2=, 86.
beheaded, =2=, 89.
sister of, =2=, 94.
=Antigonus=, son of John Hyrcanus, besieges Samaria, =2=, 10.
alleged murder of, =2=, 36-7.
campaign of, against the Ituræans and Trachonites, =2=, 37.
death of, =2=, 38.
=Anti-Maimunists=, the, opponents of Moses ben Maimun, =3=, 523-4.
led by Solomon ben Abraham, =3=, 527.
excommunicated by the Jews of Aragon, =3=, 537.
invite the Dominicans into the controversy, =3=, 542-3.
subdued by the burning of the Talmud, =3=, 579-80.
of Palestine, excommunicated, =3=, 632-3.
_See also under_ Maimunist controversy, the; Maimunists, the.
=Anti-Maimunists=, list of:
Daniel ben Saadiah,
David ben Saul,
Jehuda bar Joseph Ibn-Alfachar,
Jonah ben Abraham Gerundi (the Elder),
Meïr ben Todros Halevi Abulafia,
Moses ben Chasdaï Taku,
Moses ben Nachman,
Samson ben Abraham,
Solomon ben Abraham,
Solomon Petit,
Tossafists, the, of northern France, =3=, 529.
=Antioch=, Judæans settle in, =1=, 419.
gladiatorial combats introduced in, =1=, 444.
partly destroyed by Judæans, =1=, 497.
Verus Commodus at, =2=, 47.
number of Judæans in, =2=, 201-2.
Nazarenes in, =2=, 222-3.
Judæan Christians of, =2=, 231.
the Judæans of, protected by Titus, =2=, 313.
residence of Niger, =2=, 463.
=Antioch, the Jews of=, interest Christians in Judaism, =2=, 613-14.
dispossessed of their synagogues, =2=, 621-2.
murdered by the green faction, =3=, 10-11.
massacre the Christians, =3=, 18.
subdued, =3=, 18.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 426.
=Antiochus=, of Commagene, favorite of Caligula, =2=, 189.
allied with Agrippa I, =2=, 195.
son of, =2=, 195, 235.
=Antiochus III=, the Great, of Syria, defeated at Raphia, =1=, 425-6.
takes Egypt, =1=, 432.
enters Jerusalem, =1=, 432.
besieges the Acra, =1=, 433.
repairs the Temple, =1=, 433.
defeated by the Romans, =1=, 434.
death of, =1=, 434.
=Antiochus IV Epiphanes=, of Syria, hostage at Rome, =1=, 434, 442-3.
characterization of, =1=, 442-3.
accession of, described in Daniel, =1=, 443-4.
introduces gladiatorial combats into Syria, =1=, 444.
petitioned to admit Judæan athletes to citizenship, =1=, 444-5.
makes Menelaus high priest, =1=, 447.
summons Menelaus to justify himself, =1=, 448.
punishes Onias III’s murder, =1=, 448.
exonerates Menelaus, =1=, 449.
war of, with Egypt, =1=, 450-1.
desecrates the Temple, =1=, 451, 455.
calumniates Judaism, =1=, 452-3.
treats the Judæans cruelly, =1=, 453-4.
orders the worship of the Greek gods in Jerusalem, =1=, 454-5.
sacrifices ordered on the birthday of, =1=, 456.
dependencies of, revolt, =1=, 463.
determines to exterminate the Judæans, =1=, 463-4.
son of, entrusted to Lysias, =1=, 463.
in the East, =1=, 466.
death of, =1=, 477.
appoints a regent, =1=, 477.
persecutes the Samaritans, =1=, 516.
=Antiochus V Eupator=, of Syria, accession of, =1=, 477.
appealed to by the Hellenists, =1=, 478.
treaty of, with the Judæans, =1=, 480, 488.
makes Judas Maccabæus high priest, =1=, 481.
Rome displeased with, =1=, 482.
=Antiochus VI=, of Syria, on the throne, =1=, 497-8.
cause of, espoused by the Hasmonæans, =1=, 498, 499.
=Antiochus VII Sidetes=, of Syria, assisted by Simon Tharsi, =1=, 525.
permits Simon to strike coins, =1=, 525, 528.
hostile to Simon, =1=, 528-9.
investigates Simon’s assassination, =1=, 530.
abandons the assassin, =1=, 531.
besieges John Hyrcanus, =2=, 3-4.
grants a truce, =2=, 4.
counselors of, advise the suppression of Judaism, =2=, 4.
yields up Judæan fortresses, =2=, 4-5.
seeks the alliance of John Hyrcanus, =2=, 5.
death of, =2=, 5.
=Antiochus VIII Grypus=, of Syria, succession of, opposed, =2=, 6.
poisons his mother, =2=, 6.
harasses the Idumæans of Samaria, =2=, 9.
=Antiochus IX Cyzicenus=, of Syria, hostile to John Hyrcanus, =2=, 9.
forbidden by Rome to molest the Judæans, =2=, 9.
aids Samaria, =2=, 10.
defeated by the sons of John Hyrcanus, =2=, 10.
allied with Ptolemy VIII, =2=, 10.
=Antiparo=, Joseph Nassi duke of, =4=, 596.
=Antipas I.= _See_ Herod Antipas, son of Malthace and Herod I.
=Antipas=, of the Herodian family, wickedness of, =2=, 236.
=Antipas=, treasurer of the Synhedrion, suspected of Roman
proclivities, =2=, 294.
=Antipater=, the Idumæan, counselor of Hyrcanus II, =2=, 59.
intrigues against Aristobulus II, =2=, 59.
bribes Scaurus, =2=, 62.
envoy to Pompey, =2=, 63.
governor of Judæa, =2=, 66-7.
supports Rome, =2=, 70.
causes the death sentence of Pitholaus, =2=, 75.
offers his services to Cæsar, =2=, 75.
tries to coerce the Judæans into loyalty to Cæsar, =2=, 77.
wife and sons of, =2=, 77.
warns Herod, =2=, 78.
urges mild measures upon Herod, =2=, 79.
poisoned, =2=, 80.
=Antipater=, son of Herod I, conspires against the sons of Mariamne,
=2=, 112-13.
conspires against Herod, =2=, 113.
convicted of attempted parricide, =2=, 114.
executed, =2=, 116.
=Antipater=, son of Jason, envoy to Rome, =1=, 526.
“=Anti-Phædon=,” by John Balthasar Kölbele, =5=, 316.
=Anti-Semitism=, prevalence of, =5=, 704.
=Antitaktes=, an extreme sect of Jewish Christians, =2=, 370.
=Anti-Talmudists.= _See_ Frankists.
=Anti-Trinitarians=, a Christian sect of the Reformation period, =4=,
541.
in Poland, =4=, 647.
=Anton, Charles= (Moses Gerson Cohen), apostate, descent and history
of, =5=, 267.
writes a panegyric on Eibeschütz, =5=, 267.
denies the existence of Sabbatians, =5=, 271.
=Antonia=, daughter of the triumvir, ward of Alexander Lysimachus,
=2=, 176.
=Antonia=, sister-in-law of Tiberius, advocate of the Judæans, =2=,
172.
patroness of Agrippa I, =2=, 176.
=Antonia=, fortress of the Temple, named for Mark Antony, =2=, 106.
communicates with the Temple, =2=, 109, 111.
vestments of the high priests kept in, =2=, 129.
pontifical robes removed from, =2=, 172.
strengthened by Agrippa I, =2=, 195.
invested by Cumanus, =2=, 242.
first wall of, taken by Titus, =2=, 305.
_See also_ Acra, the.
=Antoninus=, a Jew recommended by Pope Gelasius, =3=, 29.
=Antoninus=, name of Alexander Severus in Jewish sources, =2=, 482.
=Antoninus Pius=, emperor, clemency of, =2=, 432.
revokes Hadrian’s decrees, =2=, 433.
revolution in Judæa under, =2=, 447.
death of, =2=, 447.
=Antony, Mark=, member of the second triumvirate, favors Herod,
=2=, 81, 87.
beheads Antigonus, =2=, 89.
interested in Aristobulus (III), =2=, 91, 93.
fall of, =2=, 96.
=Antwerp=, Amatus Lusitanus at, =4=, 569.
the Jews of, expelled, =4=, 662.
=Anusim=, forced converts, =4=, 179.
_See_ Marranos, the.
=Anzarbi=, Arabic medical authority, taught by Jews, =3=, 146.
=Apamea=, treasure house in, for the Temple contributions, =2=, 53.
=Apelles=, of Ascalon, favorite of Caligula, =2=, 187.
=Apelles=, Syrian overseer, resisted by the Maccabees, =1=, 459.
=Aphek=, battle of, between Israelites and Philistines, =1=, 70.
=Apherema=, taken by the Samaritans, =1=, 410.
=Aphrodite=, worshiped by the Persians, =1=, 108.
=Apion=, Greek writer, misrepresents Judaism, =2=, 180-1.
envoy to Caligula, =2=, 186.
contrasted with Philo, =2=, 187.
charges of, refuted by Josephus, =2=, 390.
Josephus’ work against, translated, =4=, 608.
=Apis=, black bull, worshiped by the Egyptians, =1=, 9.
=Apocalypse=, the Christian, by John, =2=, 369.
=Apocrypha=, the, rejected from the Canon, =2=, 344.
translated into Greek, =2=, 359.
considered part of the Canon by Christians, =2=, 359, 488.
canonized by the Council of Nice, =2=, 624.
=Apollo=, Onias III takes refuge in the temple of, at Daphne, =1=,
448.
=Apollonius=, ambassador to Rome, =2=, 4-5.
=Apollonius=, commander of Cœlesyria, confiscates the Temple
treasures, =1=, 438.
=Apollonius=, Syrian general, in the war with Jonathan Haphus, =1=,
496.
=Apollonius=, Syrian general, takes Jerusalem, =1=, 453-4.
defeated by Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 462.
=Apollonius Malo=, Greek writer, maligns Judaism, =2=, 178-9.
=Apollonius Molo=, Greek writer, hostile to the Judæans, =2=, 68.
=Apollos=, of Alexandria, Christian teacher, =2=, 231.
“=Apology= for the Honorable Nation of the Jews,” by Edward Nicholas,
=5=, 28-9.
=Apostasy to Christianity= among Jews after the destruction of
Jerusalem, =2=, 322.
in the early Christian centuries, =2=, 377.
under Constantine, =2=, 562-3.
in Hamburg, =4=, 687, 690.
in Vienna, =4=, 706.
among the Chassidim, =5=, 213.
among the Frankists, =5=, 287.
among the Jews of Germany, =5=, 420.
in Berlin, =5=, 587.
_See also under_ Conversions to Christianity; Marranos, the.
=Apostasy to Islam= among Jews in the East in the twelfth century,
=3=, 441-2.
among Sabbatians, =5=, 153-4, 211.
among Chassidim, =5=, 213.
_See also under_ Conversions to Islam.
=Apostasy to paganism= among Jews in Alexandria, =2=, 184.
=Apostate=, an, the disappearance of, causes annoyance to the Jews of
Paris, =4=, 175.
in Breslau, charges the Jews with host desecration, =4=, 261.
=Apostates=, account of, by Philo, =2=, 184.
in Alexandria, =2=, 209.
act as spies upon the Jews under Hadrian, =2=, 425.
Constantine protects the Jews against, =2=, 564.
excommunicated by the later Patriarchs, =2=, 612-13.
decisions concerning, by Natronaï ben Nehemiah, =3=, 122.
repentant, kindly received by Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 264.
permitted by Emperor Henry IV to return to Judaism, =3=, 306.
returning, unkindly treated by the Jews, =3=, 308-9.
forbidden to retain Jewish customs, =3=, 510.
house for, in England, =3=, 644.
validity of the evidence of, =4=, 36-7.
force the Jews to attend church, =4=, 132.
inform against Marranos, =4=, 180.
in Spanish satiric literature, =4=, 181.
favored by the Council of Basle, =4=, 246.
employed as censors, =4=, 566, 659.
annoy the Jews of the Papal States, =4=, 581, 584.
refrain from defending the German Jews, =5=, 533.
Heine on, =5=, 548-9, 551-2.
assert the falsity of the blood accusation, =5=, 650.
_See also under_ Apostasy; Conversions; Marranos, the.
=Apostates=, list of:
Abraham Senior, the family of
Abulafia, Moses
Adamantius,
Alexander,
Alfonso Burgensis,
Ananel di Foligno,
Anton, Charles
Asher of Udine,
Astruc Raimuch,
Astruc Sibili,
Baptista, John
Bonafoux, Daniel Israel
Börne, Ludwig
Chananya, nephew of Joshua,
Chayon, Nehemiah, son of
Cohen, Nehemiah
Diego de Valencia,
Donin (Nicholas),
Drusilla,
Du Vallié, Paul
Eliano, Victor
Ferrus, Pero
Frank, Jacob
Friedländer, David, the family of
Gans, Edward
Gershom ben Jehuda, son of
Gerson, Christian
Guidon,
Heine, Heinrich
Herz, Henrietta
Isaac of Mayence,
Isaac Ibn-Ezra,
John of Valladolid,
Joseph,
Joseph de Vesoul,
Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives,
Juan de España,
Kahtz, Christian
Karben, Victor von
Levi ben Shem Tob,
Levi, Wolf
Levin, Rachel
Machault, Denys
Margalita, Aaron
Margaritha, Anton
Mendelssohn, Dorothea
Mendelssohn, Henrietta
Moro, Joseph
Nathaniel (Hibat-Allah),
Neander, Augustus
Nunes, Henrique
Pablo Christiani,
Paul, apostle,
Pedro de la Caballeria,
Pessach-Peter,
Pfefferkorn, Joseph
Riccio, Paul
Sabbataï Zevi,
Samuel Ibn-Abbas,
Samuel Abrabanel (Juan de Seville),
Schwarz, Peter
Sixtus Senensis,
Solomon Levi of Burgos (Paul de Santa Maria),
Tiberius Julius Alexander,
Uriah of Mayence,
Vayol, Hans
Wenzel, Francis
Wolfkan of Ratisbon.
=Apostles, the twelve=, trusted disciples of Jesus, =2=, 158.
sent out by the early Christians, =2=, 220.
=Apostole=, mission tax, collected by the Patriarchs, =2=, 487.
=Apostoli=, messengers of the Synhedrion, =2=, 535.
=Appian=, historian, persecuted by Jewish rebels, =2=, 396.
=Apries= (Hophra), of Egypt, at war with Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 312.
defeated, =1=, 313.
ally of Judah, =1=, 318.
receives Judæans kindly, =1=, 324.
dethroned, =1=, 327.
=Apulia=, the Jews of, liable to curial duties, =2=, 616.
invaded by the Mahometans, =3=, 212.
Jews from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.
=Aquet=, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104.
=Aquila.= _See_ Akylas.
=Aquinas, Thomas=, works of, translated, =4=, 69.
studied by Solomon Levi, =4=, 183.
=Aquitania=, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
gathering place of crusaders, =3=, 570.
=Arabarch.= _See_ Alabarch, the.
=Arabia=, trade with, under Uzziah, =1=, 230.
(Auranitis) Paul flees to, =2=, 226.
Jewish fugitives flee to, =2=, 317, 319, 419.
Jews settle in, =2=, 629; =3=, 54-5.
Babylonian Jews emigrate to, =3=, 4.
position of Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 53.
_See also_ Auranitis.