=Ahmed Coprili=, Turkish grand vizir, orders the arrest of Sabbataï
Zevi, =5=, 146.
imprisons Sabbataï at Abydos, =5=, 148.
=Ahriman.= _See_ Angro-Mainyus.
=Ahunai=, teacher of the Law, during Kobad’s persecutions, =3=, 4.
=Ahura-Mazda=, Persian god of light, influence of the conception of,
on Judaism, =1=, 402.
=Ai=, attacked by the Israelites, =1=, 33.
=Aibu=, father of Abba-Areka, =2=, 511.
=Aibu=, son of Abba-Areka, =2=, 518.
=Aidug=, Arab king, defeats Zorah Yussuf, =3=, 64.
=Ain-tab=, the new-moon announced at, =2=, 458.
=Airvi= (Eravi), king of Cranganor, and the Jews of India, =3=, 630.
=Aix-la-Chapelle=, the Jews of, oppose the study of science, =4=, 33.
the Congress of, the emancipation of the Jews discussed by,
=5=, 525-7.
=Ajubides=, the, make Egypt the Islam center, =3=, 457.
=Akbara=, Karaite center, =3=, 157.
the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 429.
=Akbarites=, the, a Karaite sect, =3=, 157.
=Akiba ben Joseph=, teacher of the Law, suggested as successor to
Gamaliel II, =2=, 342.
effects the re-instatement of Gamaliel II, =2=, 345.
informs Eliezer ben Hyrcanus of his excommunication, =2=, 347.
legends concerning the youth of, =2=, 350-1.
intellectual development of, =2=, 351-2.
system of, =2=, 352-3.
arranges the Halachas in groups, =2=, 353.
disciples and wife of, =2=, 354-5.
in the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 355.
and Ishmael ben Elisha, =2=, 355-6.
theosophist, =2=, 381.
saying of, =2=, 381.
opposes Gnostic influences, =2=, 382.
disciples of, proselytes, =2=, 384.
and Akylas, =2=, 385.
and Flavius Clemens, =2=, 387, 389, 391.
influences Nerva, =2=, 392.
opposes reckless charity, =2=, 405.
prepares for the revolt against Hadrian, =2=, 408; =5=, 724-5.
attracted to Bar-Cochba, =2=, 409.
at Lydda, =2=, 423.
evades Roman spies, =2=, 424.
martyrdom of, =2=, 428-9.
disciples of, ordained, =2=, 429.
disciples of, return to Judæa, =2=, 433.
favorite disciple of, =2=, 436.
dialectics of, adopted by Meïr, =2=, 438-40.
first compiler of the Mishna, =2=, 460.
position of, compared with Rabba bar Nachmani’s, =2=, 579.
=Akko.= _See_ Accho.
=Akra di Coche=, a Babylonian fortification, =2=, 507.
=Akrabattine.= _See_ Acrabattine.
=Akrish.= _See_ Isaac ben Abraham Akrish.
=Akylas= (Aquila), convert to Judaism, translates the Scriptures into
Greek, =2=, 385.
superintends the rebuilding of Jerusalem, =2=, 401.
mourns for Gamaliel II, =2=, 404.
=Akylas, translation of the Scriptures by=, literal, =2=, 386.
used by Jews and Ebionites, =2=, 387.
used by Origen, =2=, 489.
Targum Onkelos based on, =2=, 581.
recommended to Jewish congregations by Justinian I, =3=, 14.
=Alabarch= (Arabarch, Ethnarch), the, prince of the Judæans in Egypt,
=1=, 507, 510.
office of, confirmed by Cæsar, =2=, 76.
controls the Nile harbor, =2=, 102.
dignity of, restored by Claudius, =2=, 191.
_See also_ Alexander Lysimachus; Ethnarch.
=Al-ablak=, castle of Samuel Ibn-Adiya, =3=, 68, 69.
=Aladhid=, last Fatimide caliph of Egypt, =3=, 443.
=Aladil=, sultan, receives emigrant rabbis kindly, =3=, 506.
=Alagon, Blasco de=, conspires against Pedro Arbues, =4=, 329.
=Alami.= _See_ Solomon Alami.
=Alani=, the, of the Crimea, friendly to the Jews, =3=, 123.
=Alarcos=, Alfonso VIII defeated at the battle of, =3=, 387.
=Alashkar.= _See_ Moses ben Isaac Alashkar.
=Albalag.= _See_ Isaac Albalag.
=Albalia.= _See_ Ibn-Albalia.
=Albanian Gates=, the, Jews settle in, =3=, 124.
=Albargeloni.= _See_ Abraham ben Chiya Albargeloni.
=Albergeloni.= _See_ Isaac ben Reuben Albergeloni.
=Albert I=, emperor, war of, with Adolph of Nassau, =4=, 35.
punishes the Rindfleisch followers, =4=, 36.
demands a ransom for Meïr of Rothenburg, =4=, 37.
claims authority over the French Jews, =4=, 47.
=Albert II=, emperor, imprisons the Jews of Austria, =4=, 223.
banishes the Jews from Austria, =4=, 224.
hostile to the Jews, =4=, 249.
son of, cruel to the Jews, =4=, 262-3.
=Albert=, duke of Bavaria, under the influence of John of
Capistrano, =4=, 258.
=Albert von Brandenburg=, archbishop of Mayence, convenes a diet to
consider the Jewish question, =4=, 463.
ordered to drop the Jewish question, =4=, 464.
=Albert of Munich=, son-in-law of Maximilian I, =4=, 428.
=Albertina=, the. _See_ Königsberg, the university of.
=Albertus Magnus=, the works of, translated, =4=, 69.
=Albi.= _See_ Alby.
=Albigenses=, the, origin of, =3=, 390.
in Béziers, =3=, 394, 395.
relation of, to the Jews, =3=, 501.
crusade against, =3=, 501-2.
and the council of Montpellier, =3=, 508.
and the Fourth Lateran Council, =3=, 509.
the war against, ended, =3=, 519.
extirpation of, by the Inquisition, =3=, 542.
=Albinus=, procurator of Judæa, appointed by Nero, =2=, 248.
appealed to against Anan, =2=, 248-9.
taxes Judæa heavily, =2=, 249.
punishes the Sicarii, =2=, 249.
=Albo.= _See_ Joseph Albo.
=Albrecht I.= _See_ Albert I.
=Alby=, the council of, forbids Jews to practice medicine among
Christians, =3=, 582, 583.
the Jews of, perish, =4=, 57.
=Alcala=, the academy at, =4=, 145.
the Jews of, ridiculed, =4=, 181.
=Alcana=, street in Toledo occupied by Jews, =4=, 118.
=Alcaniz=, the Jews of, converted, =4=, 214.
=Alcantara=, the Order of, and Gonzalo Martinez, =4=, 85-6.
=Alcharam.= _See_ Mecca.
=Alcharisi.= _See_ Jehuda Alcharisi.
=Alcimus= (Jakim), leader of the Hellenists, appointed high
priest, =1=, 482.
slays sixty Chassidim, =1=, 483.
attracts the Hellenists, =1=, 483.
fears Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 483.
appeals to Demetrius I, =1=, 484.
informs against Nicanor, =1=, 484.
withdraws from Jerusalem, =1=, 485.
takes possession of Jerusalem, =1=, 487.
has the “Soreg” destroyed, =1=, 492.
death of, =1=, 492, 508.
=Alcolea=, the Jews of, converted, =4=, 214.
=Aldea de los Judios=, village given to Jewish soldiers, =3=, 592.
=Aldobrandini=, prevents the expulsion of the Ferrara Jews, =4=, 660.
=Aleman, Jochanan=, Kabbalist, teacher of Pico di Mirandola, =4=, 291.
=Alembert, d’=, approves of Pereira’s sign language, =5=, 343.
=Alenu prayer=, the, misrepresented by Pessach-Peter, =4=, 178.
attacked by Wülfer, =5=, 185.
denounced by apostates, =5=, 191.
exonerated by Michaelis, =5=, 191.
regulations concerning, =5=, 192.
=Aleppo= (Haleb), the Jews of, in the twelfth century, =3=, 426.
Jehuda Ibn-Abbas settles at, =3=, 442.
the Jewish liturgy of, changed, =3=, 466.
taken by Hulagu, =3=, 606.
the battle of, gives Egypt to the Turks, =4=, 393.
Sabbataï Zevi in, =5=, 133.
=Alessandria=, the Jews of, in the sixteenth century, =4=, 653.
=Alexander III=, pope, convenes a Church Council, =3=, 376.
orders the enforcement of anti-Jewish decrees, =3=, 400.
finances of, managed by a Jew, =3=, 421.
=Alexander VI= (Borgia), pope, and the Aragon Inquisition, =4=, 319.
banishes the Jews from Rome, =4=, 363.
the favor of, bought by the Portuguese Marranos, =4=, 379.
friendly to the Jews, =4=, 407.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 407-8.
Reuchlin at the court of, =4=, 434.
=Alexander I=, of Judæa. _See_ Alexander Jannæus.
=Alexander II=, of Judæa, son of Aristobulus II, marries Hyrcanus II’
s daughter, =2=, 58.
seizes Jerusalem, =2=, 70.
has coins struck, =2=, 70.
subdued by Aulus Gabinius, =2=, 70-1.
rebels against Rome, =2=, 73.
beheaded, =2=, 75.
=Alexander the Great=, of Macedon, destroys the Persian empire, =1=,
412.
legends about, =1=, 412-13.
tolerance of, =1=, 413, 415.
favors the Judæans, =1=, 414-15, 418.
conquests of, =1=, 415.
confusion after the death of, =1=, 416.
=Alexander=, of Poland, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 419.
=Alexander I=, of Russia, inquires into the condition of the Jews,
=5=, 472-3.
enforces attendance at schools, =5=, 473.
and the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 525, 527.
=Alexander=, apostate, accuses Jews of blasphemy, =4=, 591.
=Alexander=, son of Mariamne, designated successor to Herod, =2=, 112.
marriage of, =2=, 112.
executed, =2=, 113.
=Alexander=, Zealot leader, =2=, 238.
attacks the Samaritans of Acrabatene, =2=, 243.
=Alexander Balas=, pretender to the Syrian throne, ally of Jonathan
Haphus, =1=, 494, 496.
marriage of, =1=, 496.
death of, =1=, 496.
son of, on the throne, =1=, 497-8.
=Alexander (I) Jannæus= (105-79), third son of Hyrcanus I, =2=, 34.
banished to Galilee, =2=, 38-9.
favors the Pharisees, =2=, 39.
military character of, =2=, 39.
defeated by Ptolemy VIII, =2=, 40.
ally of Ptolemy VIII’s mother, =2=, 41.
takes Gaza, =2=, 41.
mediates between the Pharisees and Sadducees, =2=, 42.
sides with the Sadducees, =2=, 42-3.
refuses to offer the water libation, =2=, 43.
defeated by the Nabathæan king, =2=, 44.
Pharisees revolt against, =2=, 44.
defeated by Eucærus, =2=, 44.
forces Eucærus to retreat, =2=, 45.
crucifies eight hundred Pharisees, =2=, 45.
conquests of, =2=, 45-6.
coins of, =2=, 46.
builds fortresses, =2=, 46, 315.
end of, =2=, 47.
appoints his wife his successor, =2=, 47.
sons of, =2=, 47.
towns conquered by, declared free, =2=, 67.
=Alexander Lysimachus=, Alabarch of Alexandria, aids Agrippa I, =2=,
175-6, 181.
brother of Philo, =2=, 185.
released from prison, =2=, 190.
sons of, =2=, 198, 235.
descendant of, =2=, 395.
=Alexander Polyhistor=, writer friendly to the Judæans, =2=, 179.
=Alexander Severus= (222-235), emperor, friendly to Jews and Judaism,
=2=, 481-3.
and Judah II, =2=, 482.
presents a gold candlestick to a synagogue, =2=, 482.
taught Jewish customs by Romanus, =2=, 482.
anarchy after the death of, =2=, 486, 526.
=Alexander, Tiberius Julius.= _See_ Tiberius Julius Alexander.
=Alexander Zabina=, rival of Demetrius Nicator for the Syrian
throne, =2=, 6.
disputes the Syrian throne with Antiochus VIII, =2=, 6.
acknowledged king by Hyrcanus I, =2=, 6.
fall of, =2=, 7.
=Alexandra.= _See_ Salome Alexandra.
=Alexandra=, daughter of Aristobulus II, marries two princes of
Chalcis, =2=, 75.
=Alexandra=, daughter of Hyrcanus II, marries the son of Aristobulus
II, =2=, 58.
betroths her daughter Mariamne to Herod, =2=, 81.
obtains Mark Antony’s favor for her son, =2=, 91.
accuses Herod of her son’s murder, =2=, 92.
threatened with death, =2=, 93.
imprisoned, =2=, 94, 96.
death of, =2=, 105.
=Alexandria=, Judæans settle in, =1=, 418.
center of the Egyptian Judæans, =1=, 504-5.
busts of Caligula placed in the synagogues of, =2=, 182.
wheat imported from, for Jerusalem, =2=, 218.
study of the Law in, =2=, 359.
synagogue of, destroyed, =2=, 398.
Karaite community in, =3=, 182.
Jehuda Halevi at, =3=, 339-40.
Spanish spoken at, by the exiles, =4=, 388.
rabbis of, favor the establishment of schools, =5=, 663.
_See also under_ Egypt.
=Alexandria, the Jews of=, rebel against Trajan, =2=, 396.
punished by Martius Turbo, =2=, 398.
ill-treated by Cyril, =2=, 618-19.
receive fugitives from Palestine, =3=, 23.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 444.
object to Maimonides’ Mishne-Torah, =3=, 472.
appeal to Mehmet Ali in the Damascus affair, =5=, 647.
rejoice over the release of the Damascus prisoners, =5=, 660.
=Alexandria, the Judæans of=, influence those of Jerusalem, =1=, 427.
occupy the Delta district, =1=, 504.
under Ptolemy VII, =1=, 519.
under Ptolemy VIII, =2=, 12.
well treated by Cæsar, =2=, 76.
unkindly treated by Cleopatra, =2=, 94.
antagonized by the Greeks, =2=, 178, 181.
conspiracies against, =2=, 181-2.
forced into the harbor, =2=, 182-3.
forced to worship Caligula’s statues, =2=, 183-4.
send envoys to Caligula, =2=, 186-7; =5=, 654.
well treated by Claudius, =2=, 190-1.
have a synagogue in Jerusalem, =2=, 201.
impregnated with Greek views, =2=, 208-9.
apostasy among, =2=, 209.
massacred, =2=, 263-4.
undisturbed by the Roman war, =2=, 313.
fugitive Zealots betrayed by, =2=, 317-18.
and the closing of the Temple of Onias, =2=, 322.
=Alexandrian school of philosophy.= _See_ Judæo-Alexandrian school.
=Alexandrion=, fortress, built by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 46.
surrenders to Pompey, =2=, 64.
garrisoned by Aristobulus II, =2=, 73.
Mariamne confined in, =2=, 96.
fire signals on, =2=, 363.
=Alfachar.= _See_ Ibn-Alfachar.
=Alfadhel=, vizir of Saladin, employs Maimonides, =3=, 472-3, 489.
acquits Maimonides of apostasy, =3=, 474.
=Alfarda=, Strangers’ Tax, in Spain, =4=, 344.
=Alfassi.= _See_ Isaac ben Jacob Alfassi.
=Alfonsine Tables=, the, used by scientists, =4=, 367.
=Alfonso I=, of Aragon, conquers Saragossa, =3=, 316.
=Alfonso II=, of Aragon (1162-1196), the Jews under, =3=, 387-8.
=Alfonso VI=, of Castile, employs Jews on diplomatic missions,
=3=, 291-2.
the Jews under, =3=, 292-3.
admonished to dismiss Jews from state offices, =3=, 294.
conquers Toledo, =3=, 294.
opposed by a Mahometan league, =3=, 295-6.
=Alfonso VII Raimundez=, of Castile (1126-1157), rebels against his
parents, =3=, 316.
Jewish favorite of, =3=, 361.
death of, =3=, 363, 366.
=Alfonso VIII= (=III=), of Castile (the Noble, 1166-1214), minority
of, =3=, 363.
the Jews under, =3=, 384-7.
employs a Jew as ambassador, =3=, 385.
Jewish mistress of, =3=, 386.
assisted by the Toledo Jews against the Almohades, =3=, 386-7.
defeated at Alarcos, =3=, 387.
reproached for his humane treatment of the Jews, =3=, 499.
appeals to Innocent III against the Mahometans, =3=, 507.
protects the Jews of Toledo, =3=, 507.
=Alfonso X=, of Castile (the Wise, 1252-1284), the Jews under,
=3=, 592-6.
patron of learning, =3=, 592.
gives a village to his Jewish soldiers, =3=, 592.
and the Jews of Seville, =3=, 592-3.
employs Jews, =3=, 593-4, 615.
reproached by Nicholas III, =3=, 594, 615.
degrades the Jews, =3=, 594-5.
Jews in the code of, =3=, 595-6.
code of, in Spanish America, =3=, 596.
executes his Jewish Almoxarif, =3=, 616.
imprisons the Jews, =3=, 616.
son of, rebels, =3=, 616.
death of, =3=, 616.
anti-Jewish statutes of, revived, =4=, 194-5.
=Alfonso XI=, of Castile (1325-1380), the Jews prosperous under, =4=,
52, 75-6.
Jewish favorites of, =4=, 79-80.
petitioned against usury, =4=, 80.
makes a Jew farmer of revenues, =4=, 80.
Jews accused before, =4=, 83.
accuses Gonzalo Martinez of treason, =4=, 85.
besieges Valencia, =4=, 86.
death of, =4=, 113.
bastard sons of, oppose Pedro the Cruel, =4=, 113.
wife of, =4=, 114.
law of, renewed, =4=, 193.
=Alfonso II=, of Ferrara, death of, =4=, 660.
=Alfonso IX=, of Leon, does not compel the Jews to wear a
badge, =3=, 513.
=Alfonso II=, of Naples, patron of Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 360, 383-4.
=Alfonso III=, of Portugal (1248-1279), the Jews under, =3=, 618.
=Alfonso V=, of Portugal, takes Jews captive at Arzilla, =4=,
286-7, 339.
employs Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 337-8.
prosperity of the Jews under, =4=, 338-9.
code of, =4=, 339.
Jewish favorites of, =4=, 339.
death of, =4=, 340.
=Alfonso=, brother of Henry IV, of Castile, crowned, =4=, 278.
death of, =4=, 279.
=Alfonso=, duke of Poitou, employs a Jewish oculist, =3=, 583.
=Alfonso=, Infante of Portugal, releases Marranos, =4=, 517.
=Alfonso of Aragon=, archbishop, protects Marranos, =4=, 330.
=Alfonso de Cartagena=, influences Eugenius IV against the Jews,
=4=, 249-50.
=Alfonso de Spina=, Franciscan, attacks the Spanish Jews, =4=, 276.
confessor of Alvaro de Luna, =4=, 271.
writes a work against the Jews, =4=, 277.
anti-Jewish work by, reprinted, =4=, 415.
=Alfonso of Valladolid.= _See_ Alfonso Burgensis.
=Alfonso Burgensis= (Abner of Burgos, Alfonso of Valladolid,
1270-1346), apostate, hostile to the Jews, =4=, 81, 342.
infidel, =4=, 81-2.
sacristan, =4=, 82.
attacks the Jews in Hebrew, =4=, 82.
reply to, by Isaac Pulgar, =4=, 82.
accuses the Jews before Alfonso XI, =4=, 83.
disciple of, =4=, 141-2.
work of, refuted, =4=, 143.
charges of, repeated, =4=, 213.
=Algazi, Moses Joseph=, rabbi of Cairo, seconds Munk’s efforts to
establish schools, =5=, 664.
=Algazi, Solomon=, opposes the Sabbatian movement, =5=, 144.
=Alghazali=, mystic philosopher, Mahometan, =3=, 273, 357.
=Algiers=, refuge for the Jews of Spain, =4=, 197.
tax imposed on Marrano fugitives in, =4=, 199.
the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 361, 390-1.
=Alguades, Meïr.= _See_ Meïr Alguades.
=Alhakem=, Ommiyyade caliph, employs Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=,
222, 227.
obtains an Arabic translation of the Mishna, =3=, 237.
appealed to in behalf of Chanoch ben Moses, =3=, 238.
appealed to by Joseph Ibn-Abitur, =3=, 238.
death of, =3=, 239.
founds a medical school at Cordova, =3=, 261.
=Ali=, Mahomet’s general, defeats Marhab, =3=, 82.
the Judæo-Babylonian community under, =3=, 90.
the candidate of a party, =3=, 90.
aided by Jews and Christians, =3=, 90.
house of, and the Ommiyyades, =3=, 92.
=Ali= (1106-1143), the second Almoravide ruler, the Jews under, =3=,
312.
=Ali Ibn-Isa=, vizir of Abradhi, favors Saadiah, =3=, 200.
=Ali Ibn-Rahmadan=, mathematician, and Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 76.
=Ali Halevi=, Gaon of Bagdad, =3=, 429.
son of, =3=, 438.
=Ali Ikbal Addaula=, prince of Denia, patron of Yizchaki, =3=, 273.
=Alice of Montmorency=, persecutes the Toulouse Jews, =3=, 514.
=Alkabez.= _See_ Solomon Alkabez.
=Alkadir=, caliph of the East, Sherira arraigned before, =3=, 233-4.
=Alkalaï.= _See_ Isaac ben Jacob Alfassi.
=Alkamel=, sultan, employs a Jewish physician, =3=, 495.
=Alkuti= (Chepez), Jewish philosopher, sayings of, used by
Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 267.
=Allatif.= _See_ Isaac ben Abraham Ibn-Latif.
=Allebrandus=, bishop of Worms, protects the Jews, =3=, 301-2.
offers the Jews baptism, =3=, 302.
=Allegorical= poems in Hebrew literature, =1=, 158-9.
=Allegorists=, the, Alexandrian Jewish school of Scripture
interpreters, =2=, 208-9, 329.
Philo among, =2=, 210.
misrepresentations of, accentuate the legal side of Judaism, =2=,
471.
compared with the Mutazilists, =3=, 147.
=Allegorization=, the, of the Scriptures by the mystics and the
philosophers, =4=, 23-4.
“=Alliance Israélite Universelle=,” the outgrowth of Crémieux’s
activity in the East, =5=, 664.
founders of, =5=, 701.
=Alliances, Jewish=, value of, =5=, 704. _See_:
Alliance Israélite Universelle,
Anglo-Jewish Association,
Israelitische Allianz,
Union of American Hebrew Congregations.
=Allorqui.= _See_ Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives.
“=Al-Luma’, Rikmah=,” grammar and exegesis by Ibn-Janach, =3=, 263.
=Almagest=, the, translated into Arabic, =3=, 146.
=Almaida, Manuela Nuñez da=, poetess, =5=, 203.
=Almalek Alashraf=, Egyptian sultan, besieges Accho, =3=, 650.
=Almamun.= _See_ Abdallah Almamun.
“=Almansor=,” dramatic poem by Heine, =5=, 548-9.
=Almanzi=, Italian Jewish scholar, =5=, 622.
=Almeida, Lopes de=, Portuguese ambassador to Sixtus IV, =4=, 340.
=Almeirin=, residence of the Portuguese king, =4=, 493.
=Almeria=, captured by the Almohades, =3=, 448.
=Almohades= (Almovachides, Unitarians), the, a Mahometan sect, =3=,
358.
under Abdulmumen, =3=, 358-9.
take Andalusia, =3=, 360-1.
persecute the Spanish Jews, =3=, 360-2.
irruptions of, into Christian territory, =3=, 363.
drive the Jews from Andalusia, =3=, 384.
attack Castile, =3=, 386-7.
drive the Jews from Ceuta, =3=, 424.
drive the Ibn-Abbas to Asia, =3=, 442.
capture Cordova, =3=, 447-8.
capture Almeria, =3=, 448.
Jewish fugitives from, received in Sicily, =3=, 569.
=Almoravides=, the, the Jews well treated by, =3=, 296, 311-13.
attack the Arabs of Andalusia, =3=, 316.
rebellion against, =3=, 357.
dynasty of, destroyed by Abdulmumen, =3=, 358.
=Almosnino.= _See_ Moses Almosnino.
=Almotassem=, of Almeria, invades Granada, =3=, 278.
=Almovachides=, the. _See_ Almohades, the.
=Almoxarif=, treasurer in Castile, =3=, 593; =4=, 75, 79,
138, 160, 169.
Jews excluded from the position of, =4=, 158.
=Alms-giving=, in Judæa after Ezra and Nehemiah, =1=, 393-4.
=Al-Muktadir= (908-932), caliph of the East, banishes Mar-Ukba,
=3=, 184.
restores the Exilarch to office, =3=, 185.
appealed to by the partisans of Saadiah and of David ben Zaccaï,
=3=, 195-6.
death of, =3=, 196.
=Al-muktadir Billah=, king of Saragossa, patron of Abu Fadhl
Chasdaï, =3=, 280.
=Almustadhi=, Abbasside caliph, and the Exilarch Daniel, =3=, 438.
=Almustanjid=, Abbasside caliph, and the Exilarch Daniel, =3=, 438.
=Al-Mutadhid= (892-902), caliph of the East, the Jews under, =3=, 183.
=Al-Mutamed Ibn-Abbad= (Abulkassim Mahomet), king of Seville, patron
of Isaac Ibn-Albalia, =3=, 283, 284.
ally of Alfonso VI of Castile, =3=, 294.
kills Alfonso’s ambassador, =3=, 295.
joins the Mahometan league against Alfonso, =3=, 295-6.
=Al-Mutavakkil= (849-856), caliph of the East, re-enacts Omar’s laws
against the Jews, =3=, 176-7.
=Almuthadid=, king of Seville, receives Jewish fugitives kindly,
=3=, 279-80.
=Alnakvah family=, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, =3=, 235.
=Alnasir Ledin Allah=, Abbasside caliph, patron of David of
Mosul, =3=, 506.
=Alphabet=, the Phœnician, adopted by other nations, =1=, 3.
the Assyrian, adopted by the Judæans, =1=, 395-6.
=Alroy=, or Alrui. _See_ David Alrui.
=Alsace, the Jews of=, suffer during the Armleder persecutions, =4=,
97.
declared outlaws, =4=, 107.
abasement of, =5=, 347-8.
taxes paid by, =5=, 348, 446.
forced into usury, =5=, 349.
blackmail levied on, =5=, 349.
receipts from, forged, =5=, 350.
protected by Louis XVI, =5=, 350-1.
memorialize the crown, =5=, 351, 352.
Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation among, =5=, 430.
petition for alleviation of burdens, =5=, 431.
complaints of and charges against, =5=, 434.
number of, =5=, 435.
complain to the National Assembly, =5=, 436.
attacked, =5=, 437, 524, 542.
appeal to Grégoire, =5=, 437.
exposed to attack, =5=, 440.
emancipation of, opposed, =5=, 441, 447.
under special protection, =5=, 446.
relieved of taxes, =5=, 446.
occupations of, =5=, 475-6.
in danger of massacre, =5=, 477.
equality of, restored, =5=, 525.
=Alsaid Ibn-Sina Almulk=, poet, on Maimonides, =3=, 473.
=Al Tanchik=, by Ibn-Janach, =3=, 263.
=Altiflisi.= _See_ Abu-Amran Moses.
=Altona=, the Jewish cemetery at, =4=, 688.
Judah Chassid in, =5=, 213.
printing press in, =5=, 255.
=Altona, the council of=, espouses Eibeschütz’s cause, =5=, 264-5.
punished for its treatment of Jacob Emden, =5=, 265.
urges Eibeschütz to submit to a rabbinical court, =5=, 268.
=Altona-Hamburg=, the rabbis of, and Moses Meïr Kamenker, =5=, 230.
=Alva, the duke of=, barbarity of, =4=, 601.
and the Jews, =4=, 662.
=Alvalensi.= _See_ Samuel Alvalensi.
=Alvarez, Alfonso=, de Villasandino, Spanish satirist, =4=, 181.
=Alvernes de Gras.= _See_ Suasso, Isaac.
=Alypius=, of Antioch, oversees the rebuilding of the Temple, =2=,
599, 600.
=Amadeus=, duke of Savoy, imprisons Jews on account of the Black
Death, =4=, 103-4.
=Amadia=, birthplace of David Alrui, =3=, 430, 431, 432.
=Amalarich of Bena=, philosopher, disciples of, burnt, =3=, 503.
=Amalasuntha=, daughter of Theodoric, =3=, 31.
=Amalekites=, the, dwell with the tribe of Judah, =1=, 39.
war of, with Saul, =1=, 91-2.
burn Ziklag, =1=, 106-7.
=Amali=, the, a Gothic family, =3=, 27.
=Amalrich of Jerusalem=, campaign of, =3=, 444.
=Amantius=, governor of the East, punishes rioters, =3=, 17.
=Amasa=, cousin of David, joins Absalom, =1=, 139.
lacks military genius, =1=, 143.
influences the men of Judah, =1=, 146.
commander against Sheba, =1=, 148.
killed by Joab, =1=, 149.
=Amasia= (Amazia), the Spanish exiles in, =4=, 405.
the Jews of, accused of murder, =4=, 553.
=Amasis=, reigns over Egypt, =1=, 327.
opponent of Cyrus, =1=, 343.
=Amatus (Chabib) Lusitanus= (João Rodrigo de Castel-Branco),
physician, =4=, 569-70.
medical works by, =4=, 570.
in Salonica, =4=, 580.
death of, =4=, 610.
=Amaziah=, of Judah, reconquers Edom, =1=, 222-3.
respects the Law, =1=, 223.
at war with Jehoash of Israel, =1=, 224-5.
taken prisoner, =1=, 225.
conspiracy against, =1=, 226.
murder of, =1=, 226.
interred in Jerusalem, =1=, 228.
=Amaziah=, high priest of the bull-worship under Jeroboam
II, =1=, 233.
opposes Amos, =1=, 236-7.
=Ambivius, Marcus=, second procurator of Judæa, =2=, 135.