The more important of these are as under:
CHECK AND CHECKMATE.--The whole object of the game is the capture of the
opponent's King, though, as we have said, the King is never actually taken,
the game coming to an end when the next move, if made, would result in his
capture. If the King is attacked, the attack must be accompanied with the
warning, "Check." A check may be met in three different ways. The player
may either interpose one of his own pieces[75] (or pawns) between the King
and the attacking piece; he may move it out of the range of the attacking
piece; or he may take the attacking piece with the King or any other of his
forces which may be available for that purpose. If he cannot resort to
either of these three defences, he is checkmated, or more shortly, "mated,"
and the game is lost.
"Discovered" check is given when, by moving a piece, another piece is
unmasked which attacks the adversary's King.
DRAWN GAME.--Beside the more decided issue of checkmate, there is another
possible termination of a game--viz., the "drawn game," or "draw."
A draw ensues: 1. If neither side can give checkmate.
2. If both sides remain with King only, or with a single Bishop, or single
Knight only in addition.
3. If both players repeat the same series of moves three times, thereby
tacitly admitting that they are {348} not strong enough to give checkmate,
or that they do not intend to venture upon another line of play.
4. If a player under certain specified conditions is unable to give mate in
fifty moves.
Black.
+---------------------------------------+
| | #K | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| | | #P | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| ^Q | #P | ^B | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| | ^P | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| | | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| ^P | | | #B | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| | ^P | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------|
| ^K | | #Kt| | | | | |
+---------------------------------------+
White.