Bern.
On my return from Vevay to Lausanne, I found our friend, Mr. H——y, at the
inn, with the D—— of H——. His Grace inclines to remain some time longer
at that city; but desired that I might proceed with the carriages and all
the servants, except his valet-de-chambre and one footman, to Strasbourg,
which I readily agreed to, on his promising to join me there within a
few days. H——y, at the same time, made the very agreeable proposal of
accompanying me to Strasbourg, where he will remain till our departure
from thence, leaving his chaise for the D——.
We began our journey the following day, and were escorted as far as
Payerne by Messrs. B——n and O——n, where we passed a gay evening, and
proceeded next morning to the town of Avanche, the capital of Switzerland
in Tacitus’s time[4].
No country in the world can be more agreeable to travellers during
the summer than Switzerland: For, besides the commodious roads and
comfortable inns, some of the most beautiful objects of nature, woods,
mountains, lakes, intermingled with fertile fields, vineyards, and scenes
of the most perfect cultivation, are here presented to the eye in greater
variety, and on a larger scale, than in any other country.
From Avanche we advanced to Murten, or Murat, as it is pronounced by the
French, a neat little town, situated upon a rising ground, on the side of
the lake of the same name.
The army of Charles Duke of Burgundy, besieging this town, was defeated,
with great slaughter, by the Swiss, in the year 1476. Near the road,
within a mile of Murat, there is a little building full of human bones,
which are said to be those of the Burgundians slain in that battle. As
this curious cabinet was erected many years after the battle, it may be
supposed, that some of the bones of the victors are here packed up along
with those of the vanquished, in order to swell the collection.
There are several inscriptions on the chapel.
DEO OPTIM. MAX.
CAROLI INCLITI ET FORTISSIMI BURGUNDIÆ DUCIS
EXERCITUS MURATUM OBSIDENS AB HELVETIIS
CÆSUS HOC SUI MONUMENTUM RELIQUIT, 1476
On another side is the following:
SACELLUM
QUO RELIQUIAS
EXERCITUS BURGUNDICI
AB HELVETIIS, A. 1476,
PIA ANTIQUITAS CONDIDIT.
RENOVARI
VIISQUE PUBLICIS MUNIRI
JUSSERUNT
RERUM NUNC DOMINÆ
REIPUBLICÆ
BERNENSIS ET FRIBURGENSIS
ANNO 1755.
The borders of the lake of Murat are enriched with gentlemen’s houses,
and villages in great abundance.
The dress, manners, and persons of the inhabitants of this country
indicate a different people from the Genevois, Savoyards, or the
inhabitants of the Pays de Vaud.
We dined at Murat, and remained several hours in the town. There was a
fair, and a great concourse of people.—The Swiss peasants are the tallest
and most robust I have ever seen. Their dress is very particular.—They
have little round hats, like those worn by the Dutch skippers.—Their
coats and waistcoats are all of a kind of coarse black cloth.—Their
breeches are made of coarse linen, something like sailors trowsers; but
drawn together in plaits below the knees, and the stockings are of the
same stuff with the breeches.
The women wear short jackets, with a great superfluity of buttons. The
unmarried women value themselves on the length of their hair, which
they separate into two divisions, and allow to hang at its full length,
braided with ribands in the Ramillie fashion.—After marriage, these
tresses are no longer permitted to hang down; but, being twisted round
the head in spiral lines, are fixed at the crown with large silver pins.
This is the only difference in point of dress which matrimony makes.
Married and unmarried wear straw hats, ornamented with black ribands. So
far the women’s dress is becoming enough; but they have an aukward manner
of fixing their petticoats so high as to leave hardly any waist. This
encroachment of the petticoats upon the waist, with the amazing number
they wear, gives a size and importance to the lower and hind part of
the body to which it is by no means entitled, and mightily deforms the
appearance of the whole person.
The elegant figure of the Venus de Medicis, or of the D——ss of D——re,
would be impaired, or annihilated, under such a preposterous load of
dress.—As we arrived only this afternoon, I can say nothing of Bern. You
shall hear more in my next. Meanwhile, I am, &c.
[4] Near this town the Helvetians were defeated by Cæcina, one
of Vitellius’s Lieutenants.—Multa hominum millia cæsa, multa
sub corona venumdata. Cumque direptis omnibus, Aventicum gentis
caput justo agmine peteretur.
Taciti Historia, lib. 1. cap. 68.