the extreme gray condition, all the others having more or less
reddish-brown on the upper parts, especially on the back and wings,
although the tail is usually clear ashy. Two specimens, however, show
a decided approach to what may now be called the _red_ phase of
_sabinii_, in having the breast, with the entire dorsal surface,
including that of the tail, strongly tinged with orange-chestnut which
is scarcely duller than in examples from the coast region. Some of the
grayer birds present a general resemblance to _umbelloides_, but the
ground tint of their plumage is always deeper, the dorsal markings
richer and blacker, and the under parts very much more thickly barred.
It is probable that this style of coloration will prove to be more or
less characteristic of all the Ruffed Grouse inhabiting the region
between the Coast Range and the Rocky Mountains.
50. =Pediœcetes phasianellus columbianus= (_Ord_) _Coues_. COMMON
SHARP-TAILED GROUSE.—Three specimens, taken at Fort Walla Walla,
differ considerably from eastern birds. The entire upper parts are
darker and duller, the usual rusty-ochraceous ground-color being
replaced by plain wood brown; the dorsal markings, also, are finer,
while those of the under parts are blacker and more generally
distributed, the only immaculate area being the centre of the abdomen.
These differences do not seem to indicate any approach to true _P.
phasianellus_, which is an altogether differently colored bird. They
probably have only a local significance, but the region in question is
so poorly represented by the material to which I have had access, that
I have not been able to form a definite opinion on this point.
LIST OF BIRDS ASCERTAINED TO OCCUR WITHIN TEN MILES FROM POINT DE MONTS,
PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, CANADA; BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE NOTES OF NAPOLEON A.
COMEAU.
BY C. HART MERRIAM, M. D.
Point de Monts is the southward termination of a high rocky promontory
that separates the river from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the north
shore. It is in latitude 49° 19′ north. The country is well wooded, the
forests consisting chiefly of spruce (both white and black) and balsam.
Scattered about are a few birches, poplars, cedars, and tamaracks; and
on a sandy terrace near the Godbout River is a quantity of the northern
scrub pine (_Pinus banksiana_) that here attains a height of thirty and
sometimes forty feet. The region is so far north that not only are the
oaks and hickories absent, but even the hardy beech and maple do not
grow here.
I visited this section of the coast in July, 1881, and again in July,
1882; and with the observations made at these times I have incorporated
the notes kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Napoleon A. Comeau,
guardian of Godbout.
The nomenclature followed is that of the second edition of Dr. Coues’s
Check List of North American Birds.
1. =Turdus migratorius.= ROBIN.—A common summer resident. Arrives
about the first of May, and remains till late in November. Seen Dec.
22, 1879.
2. =Turdus unalascæ nanus.= HERMIT THRUSH.—Tolerably common; breeds.
3. =Turdus ustulatus swainsoni.= OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH.—Not uncommon;
breeds.
4. =Sialia sialis.= BLUEBIRD.—Extremely rare. During a residence of
many years at Godbout Mr. Comeau has seen but one pair of these birds;
they nested in a stump near his house in July, 1880.
5. =Regulus calendula.= RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET.—A male was shot June 4,
1882.
6. =Parus atricapillus.= BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE.—A common resident.
7. =Parus hudsonicus.= HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE.—A common resident, like
the last.
8. =Sitta canadensis.= RED-BELLIED NUTHATCH.—Tolerably common in
winter, but not observed in summer.
9. =Eremophila alpestris.= HORNED LARK.—First seen April 21, 1882,
after which they were common for about three weeks and then
disappeared. I found a young one, dead, at Godbout in July, 1881.
10. =Anthus ludovicianus.= TITLARK.—Tolerably common summer resident,
and doubtless breeds. I have seen flocks of them in July feeding on
the beach at low water. First seen May 7, 1882.
11. =Helminthophila peregrina.= TENNESSEE WARBLER.—A tolerably common
summer resident. First shot June 6, 1882.
12. =Dendrœca æstiva.= SUMMER WARBLER.—Not very common. First seen
June 6, 1882.
13. =Dendrœca virens.= BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER.—A tolerably
common summer resident.
14. =Dendrœca coronata.= YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER.—A rather common summer
resident. First seen May 29, 1882.
15. =Dendrœca blackburnæ.= BLACKBURN’S WARBLER.—Rather rare. Shot June
9, 1882.
16. =Dendrœca striata.= BLACK-POLL WARBLER.—Rare. Mr. Comeau shot a
male, June 7, 1882.
17. =Dendrœca maculosa.= BLACK-AND-YELLOW WARBLER.—The commonest
Warbler, breeding abundantly. Earliest seen May 29, 1882.
18. =Siurus nævius.= WATER THRUSH.—Rather rare. Shot June 6, 1882.
Others seen.
19. =Geothlypis trichas.= MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT.—Not common. Saw two
in the clearing about Mr. Allan Gilmour’s camp on the Godbout.
20. =Myiodioctes pusillus.= BLACK-CAPPED YELLOW WARBLER.—Rather rare.
Shot June 9, 1882. Others seen.
21. =Myiodioctes canadensis.= CANADIAN FLYCATCHING WARBLER.—A
tolerably common summer resident.
22. =Setophaga ruticilla.= REDSTART.—Tolerably common. First seen June
9, 1882.
23. =Hirundo erythrogastra horreorum.= BARN SWALLOW.—Rare, and not
known to breed. Mr. Comeau shot one May 29, 1882.
24. =Iridoprocne bicolor.= WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW.—Common; breeds
plentifully. First seen May 12, 1882.
25. =Petrochelidon lunifrons.= CLIFF SWALLOW.—A small colony nested in
the deserted Hudson’s Bay Trading Post at Godbout this year.
26. =Ampelis cedrorum.= CEDARBIRD.—A tolerably common summer resident.
27. =Lanius borealis.= GREAT NORTHERN SHRIKE.—Occurs, but is not known
to breed.
28. =Pinicola enucleator.= PINE GROSBEAK.—A tolerably common resident.
In autumn it feeds extensively upon the berries of the mountain ash. I
have already published a note on the breeding of this species at
Godbout.[115]
29. =Carpodacus purpureus.= PURPLE FINCH.—Not very common. First seen
April 26, 1882.
30. =Loxia leucoptera.= WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL.—Tolerably common, but
somewhat irregular in appearance. I found this species to be very
abundant here in July, 1881, while in July, 1882, I did not see any.
31. =Ælgiothus linaria.= RED-POLL.—Very abundant in winter, large
flocks being seen nearly every day. They all seem to move in one
direction, following the shore westward.
32. =Chrysomitris pinus.= PINE LINNET.—Generally common, but somewhat
irregular.
33. =Astragalinus tristis.= AMERICAN GOLDFINCH.—Rather rare. I saw a
small flock in July, 1882.
34. =Plectrophanes nivalis.= SNOW BUNTING.—Very common in flocks in
winter. Seen as late as the middle of May.
35. =Centrophanes lapponicus.= LAPLAND LONGSPUR.—Large flocks of this
species appear on this part of the coast during the latter part of
April, remaining till about the middle of May. They are then very
abundant, occurring both alone and in flocks with the preceding.
36. =Passerculus sandvicensis savana.= SAVANNA SPARROW.—Tolerably
common, breeding on the thinly grassed sand-fields about the mouth of
the Godbout. Mr. Comeau shot one as early as April 21, 1882.
37. =Melospiza fasciata.= SONG SPARROW.—A rather common summer
resident in suitable places, arriving early in May. Particularly
numerous in the clearing about Allan Gilmour’s camp on the Godbout.
38. =Junco hiemalis.= BLACK SNOWBIRD.—Very common. First seen May 16,
1882.
39. =Zonotrichia albicollis.= WHITE-THROATED SPARROW.—The commonest
Sparrow, breeding everywhere. First seen May 14, 1882. This bird is
the “Nightingale” of the Canadians.
40. =Zonotrichia leucophrys.= WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW.—Breeds, but is
not common.
41. =Agelæus phœniceus.= RED-SHOULDERED BLACKBIRD.—Very rare. The only
one ever seen here was a female, and was shot by Mr. Comeau May 22,
1882.
42. =Xanthocephalus icterocephalus.= YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD.—An
accidental straggler from the west. Mr. Comeau shot a male of this
species in his door yard, at Godbout, early in September, 1878.[116]
43. =Quiscalus purpureus.= CROW BLACKBIRD.—Rare. Sometimes seen in
flocks in spring.
44. =Corvus corax.= RAVEN.—A common resident. May 12, 1882, Mr. Comeau
found one of their nests on the face of a cliff about half-way between
Godbout and Point de Monts. It contained four full-fledged young that
must have been at least three or four weeks old.
45. =Corvus frugivorus.= CROW.—A common summer resident, sometimes
wintering. I have observed that the Crows here find much of their food
along the beach at low water.
46. =Cyanocitta cristata.= BLUE JAY.—Resident but not very common.
47. =Perisoreus canadensis.= CANADA JAY.—A tolerably common resident.
48. =Tyrannus carolinensis.= KINGBIRD.—Not rare. Earliest seen June 9,
1882.
49. =Empidonax flaviventris.= YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER.—I have seen a
specimen that Mr. Comeau shot June 15, 1882.
50. =Chordeiles popetue.= NIGHTHAWK.—A common summer resident. First
seen June 5, 1883. I saw Night-hawks flying about overhead nearly
every day while at Godbout, both in July, 1881, and July, 1882.
51. =Chætura pelasgica.= CHIMNEY SWIFT.—Generally tolerably common,
but not seen this year.
52. =Ceryle alcyon.= BELTED KINGFISHER.—A rather common summer
resident, arriving about the first of May. About June 13, 1882, Mr.
Comeau found three Kingfisher’s nests in a bank, and each contained
seven fresh eggs.
53. =Hylotomus pileatus.= PILEATED WOODPECKER.—Very rare. Mr. Comeau
has shot but one here.
54. =Picus villosus.= HAIRY WOODPECKER.—A tolerably common resident,
being particularly fond of the burnt-over scrub-pine barren near
Godbout.
55. =Picus pubescens.= DOWNY WOODPECKER.—A tolerably common resident,
like the last.
56. =Picoides arcticus.= BLACK THREE-TOED WOODPECKER.—Resident; not
rare.
57. =Colaptes auratus.= GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER.—A tolerably common
summer resident. First seen May 14, 1882.
58. =Bubo virginianus.= GREAT HORNED OWL.—A rather common resident.
59. =Asio wilsonianus.= LONG-EARED OWL.—Rare. Mr. Comeau shot three in
May, 1877 or 1878.
60. =Asio accipitrinus.= SHORT-EARED OWL.—A rather rare summer
resident. Earliest seen May 9, 1882.
61. =Strix nebulosa.= BARRED OWL.—A tolerably common resident.
62. =Nyctea scandiaca.= SNOWY OWL.—Very irregular in appearance;
sometimes very abundant in winter, and sometimes not seen for several
years. Mr. Comeau shot one May 17, 1882, and Mr. Gregoire Labrie
killed one May 31, 1880. These are the latest dates at which they have
been seen in this section.
63. =Surnia funerea.= HAWK OWL.—Common in winter, generally appearing
in November and not remaining later than February.
64. =Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni.= RICHARDSON’S OWL.—A common winter
resident, and very tame. This Owl has a low liquid note that resembles
the sound produced by water slowly dropping from a height; hence the
Montagne Indians call it _pillip-pile-tshish_, which means
“water-dripping bird.” These Indians have a legend that this was at
one time the largest Owl in the world, and that it had a very loud
voice. It one day perched itself near a large waterfall and tried not
only to imitate the sound of the fall but also to drown the roaring of
the torrent in its own voice. At this the Great Spirit was offended
and transformed it into a pygmy, causing its voice to resemble slowly
dripping water instead of the mighty roar of a cataract.
65. =Nyctala acadica.= SAW-WHET OWL.—Not very common. In winter Mr.
Comeau once saw one of these little Owls fly out from within the
carcass of a great northern hare that had been caught in a snare. The
Owl had eaten away the abdomen and was at work within the thoracic
cavity when frightened away.
66. =Circus cyaneus hudsonius.= MARSH HARRIER.—A tolerably common
summer resident. Three individuals were seen as early as May 5, 1882.
67. =Astur atricapillus.= GOSHAWK.—Not rare.
68. =Falco sacer obsoletus.= LABRADOR GYRFALCON.—Mr. Comeau has killed
several of these rare Falcons in the vicinity of Godbout.
69. =Falco columbarius.= PIGEON HAWK.—Not rare, and doubtless breeds.
70. =Falco sparverius.= SPARROW HAWK.—Rare. One shot May 5, 1882.
71. =Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.= ROUGH-LEGGED
BUZZARD.—Breeds, and is rather common. The southward migration
commences about the last of September and continues into November.
During this period large numbers of these Hawks are constantly passing
over this part of the coast on the way to their winter quarters.
72. =Pandion haliaëtus.= FISH HAWK.—A few pairs of Fish Hawks breed in
this vicinity every year. They were first seen May 2, 1882. They
depart in November.
73. =Aquila chrysaëtus.= GOLDEN EAGLE.—Breeds, and is not particularly
rare. Mr. Comeau has shot three, and knows of half a dozen that were
caught in steel-traps.
74. =Haliaëtus leucocephalus.= WHITE-HEADED EAGLE.—Tolerably common;
breeds. They arrive in March, and remain till December or January. Mr.
Comeau found a nest, early in June, that contained three young about
the size of Crows.
75. =Ectopistes migratorius.= WILD PIGEON.—A rather rare and very
irregular visitor.
76. =Zenaidura carolinensis.= CAROLINA DOVE.—Of this southern species
Mr. Comeau has killed two at Godbout: the first, a male, he shot
October 10, 1881, and the second, a female, June 6, 1882.
77. =Canace canadensis.= SPRUCE GROUSE.—A resident species, but rather
rare.
78. =Bonasa umbella.= RUFFED GROUSE.—A resident, like the last, but
not common. This appears to be the northern limit of the Grouse on the
east coast, and I was unable to find any evidence of its presence
lower down along the north shore of the Gulf.
79. =Lagopus albus.= WILLOW PTARMIGAN.—Very abundant during the early
part of some winters, but during other years it does not occur at all.
They generally arrive about the first of December, and a few remain
till the first of May. They are always most abundant in December, and
Mr. Comeau once killed six hundred before Christmas! He has shot as
many as eighty-two in a single morning.
80. =Squatarola helvetica.= BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER.—Rather rare and
irregular in occurrence. Mr. Comeau has shot it in May and September.
81. =Charadrius dominicus.= GOLDEN PLOVER.—Tolerably common in
September, and sometimes seen in spring.
82. =Ægialites vociferus.= KILLDEER PLOVER.—Mr. Comeau says that this
species breeds and is not rare.
83. =Ægialites semipalmatus.= RING-NECK.—Occurs in spring.
84. =Strepsilas interpres.= TURNSTONE.—Tolerably common in September.
85. =Steganopus wilsoni.= WILSON’S PHALAROPE.—Mr. Comeau tells me that
this Phalarope occurs during the fall migration, but is not common.
86. =Phalaropus fulicarius.= RED PHALAROPE.—Not rare in September.
87. =Gallinago wilsoni.= SNIPE.—A rather rare migrant.—Earliest killed
May 9, 1882.
88. =Macrorhamphus griseus.= RED-BREASTED SNIPE.—Occurs during the
fall migration.
89. =Ereunetes pusillus.= SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER.—Tolerably common.
First seen during the latter part of May, and common in August and
September.
90. =Actodromas minutilla.= LEAST SANDPIPER.—Rather common in spring
and fall.
91. =Actodromas maculata.= PECTORAL SANDPIPER.—Occurs in fall, but is
not common.
92. =Actodromas bonapartii.= WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER.—Mr. Comeau shot
one May 31, 1882.
93. =Calidris arenaria.= SANDERLING.—Occurs in the fall migration.
94. =Totanus melanoleucus.= GREATER TATTLER.—Common spring and fall.
Earliest shot May 9, 1882. Passes south in September.
95. =Totanus flavipes.= YELLOW-SHANKS.—Common during the migrations.
Occurs with the preceding.
96. =Rhyacophilus solitarius.= SOLITARY TATTLER.—Tolerably common,
breeding about the fresh water lakes and streams.
97. =Tringoides macularius.= SPOTTED SANDPIPER.—A tolerably common
summer resident.
98. =Numenius borealis.= ESKIMO CURLEW.—Common in August and
September.
99. =Numenius hudsonius.= HUDSONIAN CURLEW.—Rather rare. Mr. Comeau
has shot it in August.
100. =Ardea herodias.= GREAT BLUE HERON.—Rather rare, and generally
seen in September.
101. =Ardea egretta.= GREAT WHITE EGRET.—Accidental straggler from the
south. One seen June 9, 1882, on an island in Godbout River.
102. =Botaurus mugitans.= AMERICAN BITTERN.—Rare. Mr. Comeau has shot
several here, and tells me that they are common at Manacougan, thirty
miles west of Godbout.
103. =Cygnus= SP.—? A swan was shot at Point de Monts by an Indian in
1870.
104. =Chen hyperboreus.= SNOW GOOSE.—Rare. Mr. Comeau has shot it in
October.
105. =Bernicla brenta.= BRANT GOOSE.—Breeds, and is by no means rare.
Arrives in April, remaining into November and sometimes December.
106. =Bernicla canadensis.= CANADA GOOSE.—A common migrant, arriving
during the latter part of March and departing in November. They breed
at Natashquan, Western Labrador.
107. =Anas obscura.= BLACK DUCK.—A tolerably common summer resident,
breeding about the fresh water lakes.
108. =Dafila acuta.= PINTAIL.—The only one Mr. Comeau ever saw here he
shot June 7, 1882.
109. =Querquedula carolinensis.= GREEN-WINGED TEAL.—Rare here, but
they breed at Manacougan.
110. =Querquedula discors.= BLUE-WINGED TEAL.—Rare, but oftener seen
than the preceding. Has been shot early in May.
111. =Fuligula affinis.= SCAUP DUCK.—Tolerably common in October.
112. =Fuligula collaris.= RING-NECK DUCK.—Mr. Comeau has killed two in
spring.
113. =Clangula glaucium.= GOLDEN-EYE.—A resident species, and
tolerably common. Breeds on fresh water only. Remains throughout the
winter.
114. =Clangula islandica.= BARROW’S GOLDEN-EYE.—A common resident,
breeding, like the foregoing, on fresh water, and remaining on the
Gulf all winter.
115. =Clangula albeola.= BUTTER-BALL.—Rare. Has been shot in October.
116. =Harelda glacialis.= OLD WIFE.—Resident. Very abundant in winter,
the largest flocks being seen in December, January, and February. Mr.
Comeau took one in full summer plumage as early as April 23, 1882.
Tolerably common in summer, and supposed to breed.
117. =Histrionicus minutus.= HARLEQUIN DUCK.—Rare, and only seen
during the latter part of April and early in May. This year Mr. Comeau
saw two April 16, and shot one May 8, out of a flock of four.
118. =Somateria mollissima.= EIDER DUCK.—A permanent resident, but
rather rare.
119. =Somateria spectabilis.= KING EIDER.—Rare. Has been known to
breed.
120. =Œdemia americana.= BLACK SCOTER.—Common from early in April till
some time in November. They do not remain through the winter.
121. =Œdemia fusca.= VELVET SCOTER.—A common resident. The largest
flocks are seen in April and November, and the species is common all
the year round.
122. =Œdemia perspicillata.= SURF DUCK.—Very common from April to
November, but does not winter. The males greatly preponderate over the
females in this species, and Mr. Comeau tells me that the proportion
is always about seven males to one female.
123. =Mergus merganser.= SHELDRAKE.—Tolerably common, breeding about
the fresh water.
124. =Mergus serrator.= RED-BREASTED MERGANSER.—Very common,
frequenting both fresh and salt water.
125. =Sula bassana.= GANNET.—Occasional. I have found it breeding in
numbers at the west end of Anticosti, but do not think it nests
farther up in the Gulf.
126. =Phalacrocorax carbo.= COMMON CORMORANT.—Rare. but Mr. Comeau has
shot several here.
127. =Phalacrocorax dilophus.= DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT.—Mr. Comeau
shot a female May 19, 1882.
128. =Stercorarius pomatorhinus.= POMATORHINE JAEGER.—Rare.
129. =Stercorarius parasiticus.= PARASITIC JAEGER.—Rather rare. Mr.
Comeau shot six in one day about the middle of May, 1874.
130. =Larus glaucus.= GLAUCOUS GULL; ICE GULL.—Rather rare. Usually
seen in February, March, and April. I have a handsome male which was
shot by Mr. Comeau April 29, 1882.
131. =Larus leucopterus.= WHITE-WINGED GULL.—Not common. Commonly
appears and disappears with the last. Mr. Comeau has shot it as late
as May 1.
132. =Larus marinus.= GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL.—Breeds, and is
tolerably common. It is absent only in January and February. July 17,
1882, I found one of their nests on Great Baule, one of the Seven
Islands. It consisted of a little coarse grass placed in a slight
depression in the rock, and was lined with a sort of pad, about four
inches in diameter, of beautiful soft down, on which reposed a single
egg. The egg had been incubated, but failed to hatch.
133. =Larus argentatus smithsonianus.= HERRING GULL.—Very abundant,
breeding plentifully on suitable rocks. Arrives about the middle or
latter part of April, remaining into November.
134. =Rissa tridactyla.= KITTIWAKE.—Breeds abundantly. Arrives late in
April or early in May, remaining into December. This and the preceding
are the commonest Gulls along this part of the coast, and are
constantly seen, both singly and in immense flocks. They follow the
receding tide and cover the sand flats that are exposed at low water,
feeding upon the molluscs and other marine animals that abound in such
situations. I have seen more than a thousand at one time.
135. =Pagophila eburnea.= IVORY GULL.—Very rare. Mr. Comeau shot a
male in April, 1877, at Point de Monts. The specimen was presented to
the Museum at Bersimis Mission, where it is now preserved.
136. =Chroïcocephalus philadelphia.= BONAPARTE’S GULL.—A tolerably
common summer resident, arriving late in May.
137. =Sterna macrura.= ARCTIC TERN.—Very abundant at certain places,
where it breeds. Mr. Comeau once killed sixteen at one shot, flying.
It arrives early in June.
138. =Cymochorea leucorrhoa.= LEACH’S PETREL.—Common in summer.
139. =Colymbus torquatus.= LOON.—Common. Breeds about the fresh water
lakes of the interior. I saw many, and heard others, in the Gulf, near
Point de Monts, in July. Earliest seen April 12, 1882.
140, =Colymbus septentrionalis.= RED-THROATED DIVER.—Common, breeding
with the last, but not arriving so early, usually coming in May.
141. =Podicipes griseigena holbœlli.= RED-NECKED GREBE.—Rare; one shot
in September.
142. =Podilymbus podicipes.= DAB-CHICK; HELL DIVER.—Not rare; killed
both spring and fall.
143. =Fratercula arctica.= PUFFIN; SEA PARROT.—Not common as far up as
Point de Monts, but very abundant on the Mingan Islands, where they
breed by thousands.
144. =Alle nigricans.= DOVEKIE.—Very abundant in flocks during some
winters, arriving early in December and remaining till some time in
February. During other winters it is rare or does not occur at all.
145. =Uria grylle.= BLACK GUILLEMOT; SEA PIGEON.—A common resident,
breeding not only here, but even on the islands off the mouth of the
Saguenay, an hundred and fifty miles farther up the St. Lawrence.
146. =Lomvia troile.= FOOLISH GUILLEMOT; MURRE.—Like the Dovekie, the
Murre is sometimes very abundant here in winter, while during other
winters it does not occur at all. It is not wary, and does not even
know enough to keep out of the way of dogs along the shore. It is well
named the “Foolish” Guillemot, for both its habits and appearance
deserve this appellation. In fact it looks like a perfect idiot,
swimming over on one side as if one leg were broken, and staring
vacantly at its enemies without attempting to escape. Its _tout
ensemble_ is stupid and gawky.
During the winter of 1875 they were so exceedingly abundant that Mr.
Comeau shot about a thousand for their feathers, and his dog caught
over fifty. They were all in very poor flesh, some being little more
than animated skeletons, and a great many died and were washed ashore.
147. =Utamania torda.= RAZOR-BILLED AUK.—Not common here, but breeds
on the Mingan Islands.
=Recent Literature.=