which I had to suffer for the sake of professional conscientiousness. I
took a young girl—many years ago—for analytic treatment; for a
considerable time previously she had been unable to go out of doors on
account of a dread, nor could she stay at home alone. After much
hesitation the patient confessed that her thoughts had been a good deal
occupied by some signs of affection that she had noticed by chance
between her mother and a well-to-do friend of the family. Very
tactlessly—or else very cleverly—she then gave the mother a hint of what
had been discussed during the analysis; she did this by altering her
behaviour to her mother, by insisting that no one but her mother could
protect her against the dread of being alone, and by holding the door
against her when she attempted to leave the house. The mother herself
had formerly been very nervous, but had been cured years before by a
visit to a hydropathic establishment—or, putting it otherwise, we may
say she had there made the acquaintance of the man with whom she had
established a relationship that had proved satisfying in more than one
respect. Made suspicious by her daughter’s passionate demands the mother
suddenly _understood_ what the girl’s dread signified. She had become
ill in order to make her mother a prisoner and rob her of the freedom
necessary for her to maintain her relations with her lover. The mother’s
decision was instantly taken; she put an end to the harmful treatment.
The girl was sent to a home for nervous patients, and for many years was
there pointed out as an “unhappy victim of psycho-analysis”; for just as
long I was pursued by damaging rumours about the unfortunate results of
the treatment. I maintained silence because I supposed myself bound by
the rules of professional secrecy. Years later I learned from a
colleague who had visited the home and there seen the girl with
agoraphobia that the intimacy between the mother and the wealthy man was
common knowledge, and that in all probability it was connived at by the
husband and father. To this “secret” the girl’s cure had been
sacrificed.
In the years before the war, when the influx of patients from many
countries made me independent of the goodwill or disfavour of my native
city, I made it a rule never to take for treatment anyone who was not
_sui juris_, independent of others in all the essential relations of
life. Every psycho-analyst cannot make these stipulations. Perhaps you
will conclude from my warnings about relatives that one should take the
patient out of his family circle in the interests of analysis, and
restrict this therapy to those living in private institutions. I could
not support this suggestion, however; it is far more advantageous for
the patients—those who are not in a condition of severe prostration, at
least—to remain during the treatment in those circumstances in which
they have to struggle with the demands that their ordinary life makes on
them. But the relatives ought not to counteract this advantage by their
behaviour, and above all should not oppose their hostility to one’s
professional efforts. But how are you going to induce people who are
inaccessible to you to take up this attitude? You will naturally also
conclude that the social atmosphere and degree of cultivation of the
patient’s immediate surroundings have considerable influence upon the
prospects of the treatment.
This is a gloomy outlook for the efficacy of psycho-analysis as a
therapy, even if we may explain the overwhelming majority of our
failures by taking into account these disturbing external factors!
Friends of analysis have advised us to counterbalance a collection of
failures by drawing up a statistical enumeration of our successes. I
have not taken up this suggestion either. I brought forward the argument
that statistics would be valueless if the units collated were not alike,
and the cases which had been treated were in fact not equivalent in many
respects. Further, the period of time that could be reviewed was too
short for one to be able to judge of the permanence of the cures; and of
many cases it would be impossible to give any account. They were persons
who had kept both their illness and their treatment secret, and whose
recovery in consequence had similarly to be kept secret. The strongest
reason against it, however, lay in the recognition of the fact that in
matters of therapy humanity is in the highest degree irrational, so that
there is no prospect of influencing it by reasonable arguments. A
novelty in therapeutics is either taken up with frenzied enthusiasm, as
for instance when Koch first published his results with tuberculin; or
else it is regarded with abysmal distrust, as happened for instance with
Jenner’s vaccination, actually a heaven-sent blessing, but one which
still has its implacable opponents. A very evident prejudice against
psycho-analysis made itself apparent. When one had cured a very
difficult case one would hear: “That is no proof of anything; he would
have got well of himself after all this time.” And when a patient who
had already gone through four cycles of depression and mania came to me
in an interval after the melancholia and three weeks later again began
to develop an attack of mania, all the members of the family, and also
all the high medical authorities who were called in, were convinced that
the fresh attack could be nothing but a consequence of the attempted
analysis. Against prejudice one can do nothing, as you can now see once
more in the prejudices that each group of the nations at war has
developed against the other. The most sensible thing to do is to wait
and allow them to wear off with the passage of time. A day comes when
the same people regard the same things in quite a different light from
what they did before; why they thought differently before remains a dark
secret.
It is possible that the prejudice against the analytic therapy has
already begun to relax. The continual spread of analytic doctrine and
the numbers of medical men taking up analytic treatment in many
countries seem to point in that direction. As a young man I was caught
in just such a storm of indignation roused in the medical profession by
the hypnotic suggestion-treatment, which nowadays is held up in
opposition to psycho-analysis by the “sober-minded.” As a therapeutic
instrument, however, hypnotism did not bear out the hopes placed in it;
we psycho-analysts may claim to be its rightful heirs and should not
forget how much encouragement and theoretic enlightenment we owe to it.
The harmful effects reported of psycho-analysis are essentially confined
to transitory manifestations of an exacerbation of the conflict, which
may occur when the analysis is clumsily handled, or when it is broken
off suddenly. You have heard an account of what we do with our patients,
and you can form your own judgement whether our efforts are likely to
lead to lasting injury. Misuse of analysis is possible in various ways:
the transference especially, in the hands of an unscrupulous physician,
is a dangerous instrument. But no medical remedy is proof against
misuse; if a knife will not cut, neither will it serve a surgeon.
I have now reached the end. It is more than a conventional formality
when I say that I myself am heavily oppressed by the many defects of the
lectures I have delivered before you. I regret most of all that I have
so often promised to return again in another place to a subject that I
had just touched upon shortly, and that then the context in which I
could keep my word did not offer itself. I undertook to give you an
account of a thing that is still unfinished, still developing, and now
my short summary itself has become an incomplete one. In many places I
laid everything ready for drawing a conclusion, and then I did not draw
it. But I could not aim at making you experts in psycho-analysis; I only
wished to put you in the way of some understanding of it, and to arouse
your interest in it.
INDEX
ABEL, C., 150, 194
ABRAHAM, K., 275, 346
Act:
accidental, 48
sexual, 271, 297, 326
introductory, 257, 260, 271
symptomatic, 48, 209, 215
Actions, erroneous performance of, 62
Actual neuroses, 322–7
ADLER, A., 201, 318, 339
‘Advantage through illness,’ 320
Ætiology of neuroses, 216, 287–93, 295, 303–5, 308, 313, 322
Affects:
anxiety and, 330, 337
in dreams, 181–2
James-Lange theory of, 331
repression and, 336, 341–2
Agoraphobia, 224, 229, 334, 386
ALEXANDER, the Great, 14
dream of, 69, 200
Altruism, 348
Ambivalence, 279, 357, 370, 377
Amnesia:
of childhood, 168, 239, 263, 274
of neuroses, 239, 240
Anal-erotism, 265, 268
Anal-sadistic stage of libido-development, 275–6, 289
ANDREAS, LOU, 265
_Anthropophyteia_, 137–8
Antithetical sense of primal words, 150, 194
Anus, 257, 265
Anxiety, 225, 328–44, 359
development of, 330, 338, 342
‘free-floating,’ 332, 334
in children, 338
in dreams, 181–3, 230
Anxiety-equivalents, 334
Anxiety-hysteria, 229, 244, 252, 304, 334, 372
Anxiety-neurosis, 325, 332, 335, 337, 365–6, 374
Anxious readiness, 330
_Apotropaea_, 138
Apprehensiveness, 338–40
ARISTOTLE, 71
Art, and phantasy, 314
Association-experiment, 90
Associations:
resistance against, 96, 243
to dreams, 87, 90, 94–102, 126, 198
to names, 88
to numbers, 88
Attention theory, 22
Auto-erotism, 199, 265, 276, 298, 307–10
BERNHEIM, 84, 234, 373, 375
BINET, 292
BINZ, 70
Birth:
experience of, 331
infantile theories of, 135, 268
symbolism of, 128, 135
BLEULER, 90, 357
BLOCH, I., 258
BOECKLIN, 145
BÖLSCHE, W., 297
Breasts, 131, 165
BREUER, J., 218, 228, 232, 247
FREUD and, 233, 236, 246, 375
BREUGHEL, P., 256
Brothers and sisters, 172, 280
symbols of, 128, 134
BRÜCKE, von, 286
Castration, 175, 267, 309–11
circumcision and, 139
symbolism of, 131, 139, 161, 227
CHARCOT, 122
‘Charge of energy,’ 301
Childhood-experiences, 169, 302–11, 360, 378
Childhood-memories, 169, 281, 308
Children:
anxiety in, 338
birth-phantasies of, 135, 268
dreams of, 105–13, 180
egoism in, 172, 279
intimidation of, 266, 309
neurosis in, 304
phobias in, 340
purity of, 177, 263, 273
sexual curiosity of, 176, 186, 190, 267, 274, 280
sexual life of, 176, 261–84, 296, 302–11
Clitoris, 130, 226, 267
_Coitus interruptus_, 335
Complex, 90
the castration, 175, 267
the Oedipus, 175, 277–84
Component-instincts (component-impulses), 266, 271–2, 275–6, 288–90,
302–3, 313
Compromise-formations, 52, 108, 253, 300
Compulsions, 220, 337
Condensation, 301, 307
in dreams, 144, 160, 199, 250, 307
Conflict, mental, 260, 293–5, 300–2, 306, 312–13, 319, 345, 351, 361–3,
366, 372, 379
Conscience, 358
Conscious, _see_ Mental Processes
Consciousness, 16, 211, 239, 248–50, 301–2, 336, 363
psychology of, 16, 235
Conversion-hysteria, 252, 326, 334
Convictions, 207
COPERNICUS, 241
‘Countercharge,’ 301, 314, 342, 365
DARWIN, C., 61, 241
Day-dreams, 80, 109, 312, 314
Death, symbols of, 129, 136
Death-wishes, 282
in dreams, 119, 159, 166, 170–4
‘Degeneration,’ 221, 235, 258, 269
Delusions, 69, 211–17, 346, 354–7
Dementia præcox, 228, 326, 346, 351–2, 366, 384
Determinism, 21, 87
DIDEROT, 283
Displacement, 220, 290, 301, 307
in dreams, 117, 146, 198, 250, 307
Disposition, hereditary, 213, 297, 302–4, 313, 352, 360
Dream:
of Alexander the Great, 69, 200
of an obsessional neurotic, 166
of “love service,” 115, 119, 178
of “three bad theatre tickets,” 102, 117, 149, 186, 190
_Dream, The Prisoner’s_, 113
Dreams:
affects in, 181–2
anxiety in, 181–3, 230
archaic features in, 152, 168–79
compared with hieroglyphics, 147, 168, 194
condensation in, 144, 160, 199, 250, 307
confounded with latent thoughts, 153, 188, 200–2
death-wishes in, 119, 159, 166, 170–4
displacement in, 117, 146, 198, 250, 307
distortion in, 95, 97, 101–8, 113–20, 125, 142–4, 152, 178, 180–4
examples of, 98–102, 106, 111, 115, 155–67, 199
experimentally produced, 74, 202
form of, 149, 179
hallucinatory experience in, 80, 108, 180
indefiniteness of, 68, 149, 194, 195
incestuous desires in, 119, 177, 278, 284
infantile features in, 168–80
inversion in, 164, 193
manifest and latent content of, 94–104, 107, 118, 143, 146, 152
mathematical calculations in, 153
medical view of, 70, 106, 149
neurotic symptoms and, 190, 202, 250, 383
no associations to, 87, 125
objectionable tendencies in, 119, 170, 178, 284
occasioned by physical needs, 77, 110, 182
of animals, 109
of children, 105–13, 180
opposites in, 150, 164, 182
preserving sleep, 107, 112, 184
problems, resolves, etc., in, 187
reactions to stimuli, 72–9, 107, 180, 201, 250
regression in, 152, 177–9, 189
residue from previous day, 179, 191, 201, 250, 349
secondary elaboration in, 153
sexual need and, 77, 129
symbolism in, 125–42, 151, 161–6
theory of, 181, 349, 381–3
thought-relations in, 148
two possible interpretations of, 145, 193, 201
typical, 230, 278
undistorted, 105, 107, 110
visual images in, 73, 78, 101, 143, 147, 152
wish-fulfilment in, 107–13, 121, 130, 143, 171, 180–92, 301, 382
wit in, 99, 199, 200
word-representation in, 101, 147
Dream-censorship, 114–24, 142, 175, 178–9, 181–4, 250, 349, 358
Dream-interpretation:
ancient and popular, 69, 126
doubts and criticisms of, 181, 187, 193–203
resistance against, 96, 118, 121, 181, 197, 200
in analytic treatment, 125, 155, 382
results of, 120–3, 193, 197
technique of, 86, 95, 193, 242
Dream-work, 114, 118, 143–54, 168, 179, 180–1, 189
Dropping and breaking objects, 42, 61
DU PREL, 111
Dynamic conception of mental life, 53, 238, 246, 288, 313, 338
Dynamics of cure, 365, 372
‘Economic’ aspect of mental processes, 232, 298, 313
Education, 262, 298, 305, 377
Ego:
character-traits of the, 245, 251
counter-charges from the, 301, 314, 342
development of the, 295–9
disintegrations of the, 353, 358
Libido and, 312, 318, 323, 338, 345–7, 366, 380
neurosis and the, 319–21
psychology of, 352, 357
repression and, 248
sexuality and, 294, 318, 346
Ego-ideal, 357
Ego-instincts, 291, 294–5, 297–9, 344–6, 350, 358
Ego-Libido, 347, 350, 358, 374
Egoism:
in children, 172, 279
in dreams, 119, 172, 191
in neurosis, 319
narcissism and, 348
Erotogenic zones, 259, 264–5, 270, 275–6, 324
Errors:
accumulated and combined, 43
attention theory of, 22
counter-will in, 58, 59
fatigue, excitement, etc., as a cause of, 21, 35–6
interference of two tendencies in, 33, 36, 48–54
subsequent confirmation of meaning in, 45
Excretory functions, 257, 265, 268
Excretory organs, 260
Expectant dread, 332, 334–5
Fact, a mental, 37
Fairy tales, 133, 134, 140, 158, 182, 268
Faith, 372
Faith-healers, 15
Family relationships, 172–5
Father:
erotic attachment to, 228, 231, 233
hostility towards, 173, 245, 282–3
FECHNER, G. T., 73
FEDERN, P., 130
FERENCZI, 295
Fetichism, 257, 292
Fixation:
neurosis and, 233
of Libido, 286–97, 301–3, 305, 308, 312, 347, 352
upon traumata, 231–3
FLAUBERT, G., 256
_Fliegende Blätter_, 22, 322
FLIESS, W., 269
‘Flight into illness,’ 320
Folk-lore, 133, 139, 141
Forgetting, 19, 22, 44
as an excuse, 41
names, 21, 40, 59–61, 91
resolutions, 41, 57
to avoid pain, 60
Free association, 88, 95, 128, 157, 242, 381
“Free living,” 361
Gazing-impulse, _see_ Skoptophilia
Genital organs:
replaced by other organs, 176, 257, 259–60, 265, 271–2
symbols of, 129–33, 136–8, 161–4, 226, 227
Genital zone, primacy of, 275–6, 288, 290
GOETHE, 30, 283, 349
Grief, 233
Hate-impulses, 119, 171–4, 280, 282
Homosexuality, 176, 256, 259, 370
and paranoia, 354
HUG-HELLMUTH, FRAU DR. v., 114
Human nature:
good and evil in, 12, 122–3
self-love in, 240
sense of guilt in, 279
Hypnosis:
experiments under, 85, 234
treatment by, 246, 373–9
Hypochondria, 325–6
Hysteria, 219, 244, 252, 288, 351–2, 365–7, 372, 374
agoraphobia and, 229
amnesia in, 239, 240
attacks, 240, 331
Breuer’s case of, 218, 228, 232, 246
symptoms of, 229, 239, 253, 259, 273, 302, 314, 326, 334
Identification, 222, 357
_Imago_, 141
Incest, horror of, 177, 281
Inferiority, feeling of, 339
Inhibition, 285, 305, 314, 323
Insomnia, 184
Interference of two tendencies, 33, 36, 48–54
_Interpretation of Dreams_, 143
Intra-uterine existence, 71, 348
Introversion, 313
JANET, P., 218
JENNER, 387
JODL, 70
Jokes, 34, 133, 145, 146
in dreams, 99, 199, 200
JONES, ERNEST, 44
JUNG, C. G., 90, 228, 313, 345
Kiss, the, 270, 273
Knowing, various kinds of, 237
Knowledge, unconscious possession of, 51, 84, 124, 139, 234
KOCH, 387
KRAUS, F. S., 137.
Language:
development of, 140, 150, 154
implications in, 80, 109, 133, 140
of sexual origin, 141
the Chinese, 195
Latency period, 274, 277
LEURET, 218
LEVY, L., 136
Libido, 119, 263
‘adhesiveness’ of, 292, 380
anxiety and, 335–43, 359
attachment to objects, 284, 350–6, 373, 374, 379–81
regression of, 285–9, 301–6, 312
symptom-formation and, 300–15, 323
theory of the, 344–59, 379–81
Libido-development, 274–7, 285–99, 352–3
genital stage of, 275–6, 290
inhibition of, 285, 305
pre-genital stage of, 275–6
LICHTENBERG, 30, 56
LIÉBAULT, 84
LINDNER, DR., 264
Looking-impulse, _see_ Skoptophilia
Losing and mislaying objects, 42, 44, 61
Love-impulse, 172, 277, 289
LÖWENFELD, 208
_Lutschen_, 263–4
MAEDER, A., 45, 200
Magic:
ceremonies, 227
precautions, 231
words and, 13
Masochism, 257
Masturbation, 254, 260, 274, 296, 322
MAURY, 70
experiments by, 74–6
Meaning:
in dreams, 67, 70, 72, 74, 82, 86
in errors, 27–63
in symptoms, 67, 218–30, 235, 237, 323, 372
Melancholia, 356, 366, 387
Memory, _see_ Amnesia
Mental activities, systems of, 248–50, 287–8, 301
Mental life, conceptions of:
dynamic, 53, 238, 246, 288, 313, 338
economic, 232, 298, 313
topographic, 249, 287–8, 338, 364, 366
Mental processes:
conscious, 16, 94, 121, 249–50, 287–8, 301, 312, 362
preconscious, 199, 249–50, 287–8, 301, 312, 362
unconscious, 16, 94, 121, 124, 202, 301
in symptom-formation, 234–8, 307
made conscious, 237, 239, 363, 372
symbolism and, 127, 139
under repression, 248–50, 287, 336
wishes as, 123, 125, 171, 189, 278–9
MERINGER and MAYER, 25
Milk, dislike of, 306
Mind:
a psychological attitude of, 15
distribution of forces in, 203
play of forces in, 53
psycho-analytical definition of, 16
the scientific habit of, 40
Misprints, 23
Misreading, 56
Mistaking of objects, 62
Mother:
daughter and, 173–4
love-object, 156, 174–7, 277–82, 339
MOURLY VOLD, J., 70, 74, 130, 202
Mouth, 257, 270, 275
Myths, mythology, 133, 135, 139, 141, 145, 281, 308
NÄCKE, P., 347
Names:
forgetting of, 21, 40, 59–61, 91
wrong pronunciation of, 33
Narcissism, 347–59, 381
object-love and, 347–9
Narcissistic neuroses, 287–8, 318, 351–3, 358, 374
Necessity, 298, 344, 358
Nervousness, 316–27
Neurasthenia, 325–6
Neuroses:
actual, 322–7
ætiology (or causation) of, 216, 287–93, 295, 303–5, 308, 313, 322
amnesia of, 239–40
characteristics of, 231, 235, 239, 289, 339
dynamic conception of, 246
grief and, 233
in children, 304
narcissistic, 287–8, 318, 351–3, 358, 374
prevention of, 305
transference, 252, 287–8, 294, 323, 346, 350, 352, 366, 372
traumatic, 232, 319
with organic disease, 327
NORDENSKJÖLD, 111
Nutrition:
function of, 263, 265
organs of, 260
Object-choice:
incestuous, 119, 177, 274–88
types of, 356
Object-Libido, 347, 350, 374
Object-love, 347
Obsessional neurosis, 252, 337, 365–7, 372–4
a case of, 221, 224, 239, 251, 259
doubt in, 220, 225, 230, 244
masturbation and, 260
rituals of, 224, 229, 239, 253
sadism and, 260, 289
symptoms of, 219–21, 229, 231, 235, 239–40, 314, 318, 337, 352
Obsessions, 219, 257, 289, 351, 356
Obsessive acts, 219, 221, 234, 239, 259, 260, 337
Obsessive ideas, 68, 235, 289
Oedipus complex, 175, 277–84
Omens, 46
Onanism, 160, 264, 266, 310
castration and, 131, 139
Opposites (polarity):
in dreams, 150, 164, 182
in the mind, 61, 121, 185, 220, 253, 275
Oral phase of Libido-development, 275–6
‘Organ-pleasure,’ 272, 273
Pain, avoidance of, 60, 298, 313
Paranoia, 53, 259, 319, 326, 366, 384
and homosexuality, 354
Paraphrenia, 326, 354
Parents:
coitus of, 186, 227, 252, 268, 309
detachment from, 283
relationship to, 172–5, 277–83
symbols of, 128, 134
Patient, relatives of, 13, 237, 367, 384–6
Penis, 129, 267, 309
Perversions, 176, 256–62, 266, 269–72, 289, 292, 297, 301
PFISTER, DR., 197
Phantasies, 80, 116, 227, 254, 258, 260, 307–15
artists and, 314
symptom-formation and, 312
typical, 309
‘Phantasy-making, retrogressive,’ 282
Philosophy, 15, 70, 79
Phobias, 332–4, 341–3
in children, 340
symbolism in, 343
Phylogenetic development, 168, 307
Phylogenetic inheritance, 297, 311
Physician, 319, 321
transference to, 245, 367–81
PLATO, 122
Pleasure, 265
Pleasure-principle, 299, 307, 319
Polarity, _see_ Opposites
Preconscious, _see under_ Mental Processes
Primacy of genital zone, 275–6, 288, 290
Privation, 252, 260, 289–91, 293–5, 301, 312, 360
Psychiatry, 16, 207–17, 218, 221, 235, 353
Psychical systems, 248–50, 287–8, 301
Psycho-Analysis:
as a science, 325
attitude to sexual matters, 129
based on observations, 208
compared with mineralogy, 326
conventional morality and, 362
criticisms of, 247, 294, 378
difficulties of, 11–18
implicit in literature, 28, 29, 133, 175, 278, 283
infancy of, 84, 252, 383
opposition against, 12, 17, 37, 63, 175, 208, 240, 244, 318, 383
prejudices against, 16, 18, 387
study of, 12, 14
treatment (or therapy), 11–13, 155, 169, 217, 219, 226, 237, 239,
242, 252, 360–88
advice and guidance during, 362
education by, 377, 381
fundamental rule of technique in, 243
misuse of, 387
repetition and recollection during, 371
resistances during, 242–47, 267, 353, 369, 379, 384
suggestion in, 373–9
technique of, 242, 353, 378
warnings against, 11, 12
Psychology, experimental, 15, 79, 88, 90
Psycho-neuroses, 323, 336
_Psycho-pathology of Everyday Life_, 43
Puberty, 262, 282
Puberty-rites, 139, 281
RANK, O., 29, 112, 135, 141, 156, 175, 283
Rationalization, 354
Reaction-formations, 314, 319
Real anxiety, 329, 335, 337–41, 343, 359
Reality:
depreciation of, 308
material and psychical, 56, 309
the ‘testing’ of, 311
Reality-principle, 299, 307, 344, 347
Reason under affective influence, 208, 247
Regression:
in dreams, 152, 177–9, 189
of Ego, 299
of Libido, 285–9, 301–6, 312
to phantasies, 312
REIK, TH., 281
Repetition of previous experience, 331
Repression, 248–51, 295, 297, 306, 342, 351, 354, 361, 363–7, 380, 382
regression and, 287, 289
transformation of affect and, 337, 341
Reproduction, function of, 255, 262, 266, 268, 269, 271
Resistance:
against associations, 96, 243
during treatment, 242–47, 267, 353, 369, 379, 384
overcoming of, 246, 365, 374, 378–81
to dream-interpretation, 96, 118, 121, 181, 197, 200
ROUX, 303
SACHS, H., 141, 174
Sadism, 257, 260, 268, 275–6, 289
SCHERNER, K. A., 77, 127, 133
SCHILLER, 28
SCHUBERT, 137
Screen-memories, 169
Secondary elaboration:
in dreams, 153
in paranoia, 319
Seduction, 309–10
Self-analysis, 15
Self-preservation, 295, 298, 329, 343–6, 350, 358
Self-punishment, 62, 185, 278
Series, complemental, 292, 303, 305, 310
Sexual:
abstinence, 290, 336, 361, 363
act, 255, 271, 297, 326
introductory, 257, 260, 271
aim, 257–8, 277, 311
anæsthesia, 267
curiosity, 186, 275
in children, 176, 186, 190, 267, 274, 280
experiences, in childhood, 302–11
instinct and civilization, 17, 262, 290
instincts and Ego-instincts, 291, 294–5, 297–9, 344–6, 350
intercourse, 226, 265, 296, 355, 363
parental, 186, 227, 252, 268, 309
sadistic conception of, 268
symbols of, 132, 138, 164
object, 256–8, 264, 277, 311
of component-impulses, 276
organizations, _see_ Libido-development
the term, 255, 264, 268–70, 273
toxins, 324, 326
Sexuality:
infantile, 176, 261–84, 296, 302–11
perverted, 176, 256–62, 266, 269–72, 289, 292, 297, 301
SHAKESPEARE, 29, 78
SHAW, G. B., 42, 173
SILBERER, H., 201, 255
Skoptophilia (gazing-impulse), 186, 190, 257, 260, 271, 275–6, 310
Sleep, the condition of, 71, 86, 184, 348, 350, 382
Slips of the pen, 55
Slips of the tongue, 24–40, 49–54, 82, 145, 199
Slips of the tongue in literature, 28, 29
Spatial, _see_ Topographical
SPERBER, H., 140
STEKEL, W., 201
Struggle for existence, 262, 298
_Struwelpeter_, 309
Sublimation, 17, 290, 314, 381
Sucking:
for nourishment, 263–4, 306
for pleasure, 263–4, 275
Suggestion, treatment by, 373–9
Symbolism:
a mode of expression, 139, 168
in dreams, 125–42, 151, 161–6
in phobias, 343
in symptom-formation, 222, 226–7
Symptomatic acts, 48, 209, 215
Symptom-formation, 293, 300–15, 318–19, 326, 352
phantasy and, 312
repression and, 251
Symptoms, Neurotic:
analysis of, and past life, 232, 237, 261
ascetic character of, 253, 361
conflict expressed in, 260, 300, 306, 319
dreams and, 190, 202, 250, 383
meaning of, 67, 218–30, 235, 237, 323, 372
purpose of, 223, 251, 253
substitutes, 236, 248, 251, 253, 259, 293, 306, 323, 326, 372, 380
typical, 229
‘whence,’ and ‘whither’ or ‘why’ of, 234, 240
Systems of mental activities, 248–50, 287–8, 301
Taboos, 216
Topographical (spatial) conception of mental life, 249, 287–8, 338,
364, 366
_Totem und Tabu_, 216, 279
Toxins, 324, 326
Transference, 245, 367–81
Transference neuroses, 252, 287–8, 294, 323, 346, 350, 352, 366, 372
Traumatic neuroses, 232, 319
Treatment, _see under_ Psycho-Analysis
Unconscious, _see under_ Mental Processes