colouring, solitary; sepals six, oval, approximate. April to May.
_l._ ternate; segments multifid; lobules linear, mucronated;
involucral leaves sessile, multifid. South Europe, 1596. This is
one of the species from which the majority of "florists' varieties"
have originated, which can be purchased at such a cheap rate,
either in named varieties, or in mixture, and are invaluable for
spring flowering. It thrives best in a good loamy soil, and should
be somewhat shaded from the mid-day sun. Tuberous rooted. See Fig.
93.
[Illustration: FIG. 93. ANEMONE CORONARIA FLORE-PLENO.]
[Illustration: FIG. 94. ANEMONE FULGENS.]
=A. decapetala= (ten-petaled).* _fl._ cream white or pale sulphur,
about 1in. to 2in. across, erect; sepals eight to twelve, oblong,
spreading. May to June. _l._ tripartite, and freely divided into
numerous linear-acute segments, of a deep green colour. _h._ 12in.
to 18in. North-West America, &c. A pretty free-flowering species,
suitable for naturalising in woods, &c. It is less ornamental than
many others, but is very distinct.
[Illustration: FIG. 95. ANEMONE HEPATICA.]
=A. dichotoma= (forked).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of red on
the under side; sepals five, elliptical; pedicels many, usually
bifid. May. _l._ three parted; lobes oblong, deeply-toothed at
top; those of the involucrum sessile. _h._ 1-1/2ft. Siberia, North
America, &c., 1768. Border, or for naturalising in woods. SYN. _A.
pennsylvanica._
[Illustration: FIG. 96. FLOWER AND LEAF OF ANEMONE JAPONICA.]
=A. fulgens= (shining).* _fl._ of a dazzling vermilion or scarlet,
with a black central patch of stamens, about 2in. across; sepals
obovate. May. Greece, South Europe, &c., 1865. A very beautiful
variety, much more showy than _A. hortensis_ (of which it is
generally regarded as a variety), and a universal favourite. In
"Hardy Perennials," Mr. Wood says of this splendid species: "It may
be grown in pots for conservatory or indoor decoration. It needs
no forcing for such purposes; a cold frame will prove sufficient
to bring the flowers out in winter. Borders or the moist parts of
rockwork are suitable for it; but perhaps it is seen to greatest
advantage in irregular masses in the half shade of trees in front
of a shrubbery; and, after all, it is impossible to plant this
flower wrong as regards effect. To grow it well, however, it must
have a moist situation and good loam." See Fig. 94.
=A. Halleri= (Haller's).* _fl._ purplish inside, large, erect;
sepals six, oval-lanceolate. April. _l._ pinnate, very villous;
segments three parted; lobes with lanceolate-linear, acuminated
divisions. _h._ 6in. Switzerland, 1816. A sunny border or the
rockery. SYN. _Pulsatilla Halleri_.
=A. Hepatica= (supposed remedy for liver diseases). Common
Hepatica. _fl._ usually blue; sepals six to nine. February. _l._
cordate, three-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles
and scapes rather hairy. _h._ 4in. to 6in. There are numerous
varieties of this species. England, &c. SYN. _Hepatica triloba_.
Varieties: _alba_ has large pure white flowers; _cœrulea_ (blue),
the double form of _cœrulea_ is scarce and very showy; _rubra_
produces reddish-pink flowers, and of which there is also a double
variety, very bright and lasting; _Barlowi_ has large sky-blue
flowers. Besides these there are many others. They are all charming
early spring-flowering plants, preferring rich light soil, and to
remain undisturbed for years, when they form grand clumps, often
producing seedlings where they stand. SYN. _A. americana_. See Fig.
95.
=A. Honorine Jobert= (Honorine Jobert). Synonymous with _A.
japonica alba_.
=A. hortensis= (garden). Nearly approaches _A. coronaria_, the
parent of a large number of garden forms. _A. fulgens_ and _A.
stellata_ are by competent authorities placed as varieties.
=A. Hudsoniana= (Hudson's). Synonymous with _A. multifida_.
=A. japonica= (Japanese).* _fl._ rosy carmine, from 2in. to
2-1/2in. across, on footstalks which spring from a whorl of three
or four leaves; anthers golden yellow. Autumn. _l._ ternate, with
unequally lobed, toothed segments. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1844.
See Fig. 96.
[Illustration: FIG. 97. ANEMONE JAPONICA ALBA.]
=A. j. alba= (white).* This is a splendid variety, with a profusion
of large pure white flowers, which are produced from August to
November. This white form is one of the handsomest of border
flowers. The blooms are 2in. to 3in. across, with a centre of
dense lemon coloured stamens. For cutting purposes the flowers
are invaluable. It thrives best in deep soil. SYN. _A. Honorine
Jobert_. See Fig. 97.
=A. j. elegans= (elegant).* Very like _A. japonica_, with broader
leaves, and pale rose-coloured flowers, which are more than 3in.
across. This is also called _rosea_ and _hybrida_. Japan.
=A. lancifolia= (lance-leaved). _fl._ white; sepals five,
ovate-acute; scapes one-flowered. May. _l._ all stalked, ternate;
segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed. _h._ 3in. Pennsylvania, 1823.
Very rare. Rockery. Tuberous rooted.
=A. multifida= (many-cleft).* _fl._ red, whitish yellow, or citron
colour, small; sepals five to ten, elliptical, obtuse; peduncles
three, one-flowered, one of which is naked and earlier, the other
two longer, and bearing two-leaved multifid involucels on their
middle. June. _l._ radical ones ternate; segments cuneated, three
parted, multifid, with linear lobes; those of the involucrum
multifid, on short petioles. _h._ 6in. to 12in. North America.
Border or rockery. SYN. _A. Hudsoniana_.
[Illustration: FIG. 98. ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA, showing Habit and
Flower.]
=A. narcissiflora= (Narcissus-flowered).* _fl._ usually cream
coloured, sometimes purplish on the outside; umbels generally
many-flowered; pedicels in some instances twice or three times
longer than the involucrum, and in others very short; sepals five
or six, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. May. _l._ radical ones
palmately three to five parted; lobes deeply toothed; lobules
linear, acute; those of the involucrum three to five cleft. _h._
about 1ft. Europe, North America, 1773. An extremely variable and
beautiful species. Rockery. See Fig. 98.
=A. nemorosa= (grove).* Wood Anemone. _fl._ generally white; sepals
six, elliptical; scapes one-flowered. March. _l._ ternate; segments
trifid, deeply toothed, lanceolate, acute; involucral leaves
stalked. _h._ 6in. This species varies greatly in the colour of
its flowers. It is a most beautiful little plant, frequent in our
native woods, and suitable for planting in shaded shrubberies, &c.
Tuberous rooted.
=A. n. cœrulea=, (blue),* from the North-west States of America, is
very near, if not identical with, the variety _Robinsoniana_, of
our native woods.
=A. n. flore-pleno= (double-flowered).* _fl._ pure white, over 1in.
across, solitary, double. This is an exceedingly pretty plant, and
remains in beauty considerably longer than the type. It should be
grown in large clumps, and in rich loam.
=A. n. Robinsoniana= (Robinson's).* _fl._ bright azure blue, large,
over 1-1/2in. in diameter. A charming variety for the rockery or
border, and one of the prettiest in the whole genus.
=A. n. rosea= (rosy).* A very pretty form, with rose-coloured
flowers, of which there is a double flowered sub-variety; there is
also a double form of the type, named _bracteata_ _fl.-pl._, white
flowers, surrounded with a large involucrum.
=A. obtusiloba= (blunt-lobed-leaved). _fl._ cream coloured; sepals
five, obovate; peduncles two to three, one-flowered, villous,
naked, or the lateral ones are bracteate. June. _l._ three lobed
cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous; segments
broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate; involucral leaves trifid.
Himalaya, 1843. This species requires a warm and sheltered position.
=A. palmata= (palmate).* _fl._ golden yellow; sepals ten to twelve,
oblong, obtuse; scape one, rarely two, flowered. May. _l._ cordate,
sub-orbicular, bluntly three to five-lobed, toothed; involucral
leaves trifid. South-west Europe, 1597. A white flowered variety,
though scarce, is in cultivation, and is very pretty. True alpines,
which should be grown on the rockery, where the soil is both rich
and deep, with a somewhat damp situation. Tuberous rooted.
=A. patens= (spreading).* _fl._ purplish, or rarely yellow, erect,
spreading, in the involucre almost sessile; sepals five to six.
June. _l._ pinnate, rising after the flowers; segments three
parted; lobes toothed at the top. Northern Europe, &c., 1752.
=A. p. Nuttalliana= (Nuttall's).* _fl._ purple, sometimes cream
coloured, erect, villous on the outside; sepals five or six, erect,
connivent. June. _l._ three parted; segments cuneate, trifid, cut;
lobes linear-lanceolate, elongated; those of the involucre with
linear lobes. _h._ 1ft. North America, 1826. A pretty border plant.
=A. pavonina= (peacock). Synonymous with _A. stellata_.
=A. pennsylvanica= (Pennsylvanian). Synonymous with _A. dichotoma_.
=A. pratensis= (meadow).* _fl._ dark purple, pendulous; sepals
six, erect, reflexed at the top, acute. May. _l._ pinnate, many
parted; lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. Northern Europe, &c.,
1731. Differs chiefly from the following species in having smaller
flowers, sepals narrower and more acute, connivent at base, and
reflexed at apex. SYN. _Pulsatilla pratensis_.
=A. Pulsatilla= (common Pulsatilla).* Pasque Flower. _fl._
generally violet, sub-erect; sepals six, spreading, externally
silky, very handsome. April. _l._ pinnate; segments many parted;
lobes linear. _h._ 6in. to 12in. England, &c. A singular
and beautiful species, thriving best in a dry situation and
well-drained soil of a calcareous nature. It is a very pretty
plant for a border or rockery; when well grown, it forms handsome
tufts, and flowers very freely. See Fig. 99. SYN. _Pulsatilla
vulgaris_. There are numerous varieties, the best of which are:
=A. P. dahurica= (Dahurian). _fl._ erect; sepals oblong, very
villous. Plant dwarf. Sunny border or rockery.
[Illustration: FIG. 99. ANEMONE PULSATILLA.]
=A. P. lilacina= (lilac). _fl._ lilac.
=A. P. rubra= (red). _fl._ erect; sepals blunter. Plant dwarfer.
=A. ranunculoides= (Ranunculus-like).* _fl._ usually yellow (but in
the Pyrenean variety purple), generally solitary, single or double;
sepals five to six, elliptical. March. _l._ radical ones three
to five parted; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed; those of the
involucrum on short stalks three parted, deeply toothed. _h._ 3in.
Naturalised in English woods, but rarely. Tuberous rooted.
[Illustration: FIG. 100. ANEMONE STELLATA.]
=A. rivularis= (river).* _fl._ white; anthers purple; sepals five,
oval, smooth; pedicels three, one of which is naked. April. _l._
villous, as well as petioles, three parted; lobes cuneated, trifid;
lobules cut, acutely toothed. _h._ 1ft. to 2ft. North India,
1840. Should be grown on the banks of running water, or in a damp
situation in the border.
=A. sibirica= (Siberian). _fl._ white; sepals six, orbicular;
scapes one-flowered. June. _l._ ternate; segments deeply toothed,
ciliated, those of the involucrum on short stalks, ternate;
segments lanceolate. _h._ 6in. Siberia, 1804. Rockery; very rare.
=A. stellata= (star-leaved).* _fl._ purple, or rose red, or
whitish, solitary; sepals ten to twelve, oblong, bluntish. April.
_l._ three parted; lobes cuneated, deeply-toothed; involucral
leaves sessile, oblong. _h._ 8in. to 10in. South Europe, 1599. A
pretty and gay spring flowering plant. Tuberous rooted. SYN. _A.
pavonina_. Double forms of this occur in cultivation. See Fig. 100.
[Illustration: FIG. 101. ANEMONE SYLVESTRIS.]
=A. sylvestris= (wood).* Snowdrop Windflower. _fl._ pure satin
white, slightly drooping, 1-1/2in. across when fully open,
fragrant; sepals six, elliptical; pedicel solitary. April. _l._
ternate or quinate, hairy beneath; segments deeply toothed at top,
those of the involucrum stalked. _h._ 6in. to 18in. Europe, 1596.
This distinct and showy species thrives best in a light vegetable
soil in a rather shady and moist situation. The roots are creeping,
and should be allowed plenty of room, so that they may ramble
without check. See Fig. 101.
[Illustration: FIG. 102. ANEMONE VERNALIS.]
=A. trifolia= (three-leaved). _fl._ white, erect; sepals five,
elliptical, obtuse. April. _l._ all stalked, ternate; segments
ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed. _h._ 6in. France, 1597. This
species comes close to _A. nemorosa_.
=A. vernalis= (spring).* _fl._ whitish inside, violet and covered
with silky down outside, erect, sub-sessile or on pedicels; sepals
six, straight, elliptic-oblong. April. _l._ pinnate; segments
cuneate-lanceolate, trifid; involucrum very villous. _h._ 6in.
Europe, 1816. A curious rather than a showy species; it makes a
pretty pot plant, but must not, under any consideration, be allowed
to want water. It can be plunged in sand or ashes in the open, and
just as the flowers commence to expand, transfer to a cool frame.
It thrives best in a peat and loam compost, to which small pieces
of charcoal may be added. SYN. _Pulsatilla vernalis_. See Fig. 102.
=A. virginiana= (Virginian).* _fl._ purplish green or pale purple,
small; sepals five, elliptical, silky-pubescent on the outside;
pedicels often rising in pairs from the involucel. May. _l._
ternate; segments trifid, acuminated, deeply toothed; those of
the involucre and involucels stalked; peduncles three to four,
much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes 1ft. high; lateral
ones bearing two-leaved involucels. _h._ 2ft. North America, 1722.
Border or woodlands, and damp places.
=A. vitifolia= (vine-leaved). _fl._ white, villous on the outside;
anthers copper colour; sepals eight, oval, oblong; pedicels
one-flowered. July. _l._ large, cordate, five-lobed, beneath
as well as the stems clothed with white wool; lobes broadly
ovate, cut, and crenate; those of the involucrum stalked, woolly
underneath, smooth above, bluntly cordate, five-lobed. _h._ 2ft.
Upper Nepaul, 1829. This requires a warm sheltered position to
stand the winter. Very near _A. japonica alba_, and probably the
progenitor of it.
=ANEMONOPSIS= (from _anemone_, and _opsis_, resemblance; flowers like
those of the Anemone). ORD. _Ranunculaceæ_. A handsome and remarkable
hardy herbaceous perennial, not unlike _Anemone japonica_, but smaller.
It thrives in any light soil. Propagated by seeds and divisions of the
root-stock in spring.
=A. macrophylla= (large-leaved).* _fl._ in loose racemes; sepals
about nine, concave, the outer three purple, internally pale lilac;
petals twelve, in many rows, one-third the length of the sepals,
linear-oblong. July. _l._ large, biternate, coarsely toothed,
glabrous. _h._ 2ft. to 3ft. Japan, 1869.
=ANEMOPÆGMA= (from _anemos_, the wind, and _paigma_, sport). ORD.
_Bignoniaceæ_. A handsome stove climbing shrub. For culture, _see_
=Bignonia=.
=A. racemosum= (racemose).* _fl._ delicate buff coloured, in
axillary racemes, large. September. Brazil, 1879. This beautiful
and vigorous climber is, as yet, very rare in cultivation.
=ANETHUM= (from _ano_, upwards, and _theo_, to run; in reference to its
quick growth). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. A genus of erect glabrous annuals.
Flowers yellow; involucre and involucels wanting. Leaves decompound,
with linear-setaceous lobes. This genus is of no ornamental value, its
most important species being the garden Dill (_A. graveolens_), which
_see_ for culture.
=ANGELICA= (in reference to the supposed angelic medicinal virtues
of some species). ORD. _Umbelliferæ_. Perennial or biennial herbs.
Flowers white; umbels terminal; involucra wanting or of few leaves;
involucels of many leaves. Leaves bipinnate. The common Angelica (_A.
Archangelica_) is the only species that calls for mention. It is a
native biennial, and was at one time in much request for confectionery,
and as a herb of supposed great medicinal value. Seed should be sown in
September or March in ordinary soil, and the young plants thinned out
to about 18in. apart.
=ANGELICA TREE.= _See_ =Aralia spinosa=.
=ANGELONIA= (from _angelon_, the local name of _A. salicariæfolia_
in South America). SYN. _Schelveria_. ORD. _Scrophulariaceæ_. Very
pretty stove herbaceous perennials. Flowers axillary, racemose; corolla
irregular, bilabiate; lower lip saccate at the base, trifid; upper
one smaller, bifid. Leaves opposite. Stem and branches quadrangular.
A mixture of light turfy loam, peat, leaf soil, and sand, is a good
compost. Cuttings of young shoots in spring strike readily under a hand
glass, or plunged in the propagating bed, giving plenty of air daily.
=A. salicariæfolia= (Willow-leaved).* _fl._ blue, hairy, axillary,
solitary, pedicellate, disposed in terminal racemes. August. _l._
sessile, lanceolate, acute, serrated towards the apex, finely
pubescent on both surfaces. _h._ 1-1/2ft. to 3ft. South America,
1818.
=ANGIOPTERIS= (from _aggeion_, a vessel, and _pteris_, a wing).
Including _Psilodochea_. ORD. _Filices_. A genus of gigantic greenhouse
ferns. Capsules eight to fifteen, opening by a slit down the side,
sessile, very close but not concrete, arranged in linear-oblong or
boat-shaped sori near the edge of the frond. These ferns require a very
liberal supply of water, and plenty of room to fully expand. The most
suitable compost is a mixture of strong loam and peat, with some sharp
sand. Thorough drainage must be afforded.
=A. evecta= (evectic). _cau._ erect, 2ft. to 6ft. high, 1-1/2ft.
to 2ft. thick, very fleshy. _sti._ swollen and articulated at
the base, furnished with two large leathery persistent auricles.
_fronds_ 6ft. to 15ft. long, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ 1ft. to
3ft. long, spreading, the lowest the largest; rachis swollen at
the base; pinnules 4in. to 12in. long, 1/2in. to 1-1/2in. broad,
linear-oblong, sessile or shortly stalked, acuminate; edge entire
or finely toothed. Tropics of Old World. This is the only clearly
defined species; the others usually known as distinct species are
but varieties of it, and its culture should not be attempted if
plenty of room cannot be afforded it.
=ANGOPHORA= (from _aggos_, a vessel, and _phero_, to bear; in reference
to the shape of the fruit). ORD. _Myrtaceæ_. Australian evergreen
greenhouse ornamental trees or shrubs. Flowers corymbose; calyx five or
six-cleft. Leaves large, opposite. A mixture of leaf soil, peat, and
sand suits them well. Ripened cuttings will root in sandy soil under a
hand glass in a cool house, in a few weeks.
=A. cordifolia= (heart-leaved).* _fl._ yellowish, corymbose, large.
May. _l._ sessile, ovate, cordate at the base, glabrous. _h._ 7ft.
to 10ft. New Holland, 1789.
=A. lanceolata= (lanceolate-leaved).* _fl._ white, corymbose. May.
_l._ petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft.
New Holland, 1816.
=ANGRÆCUM= (deduced from _angurek_, a Malayan name for air plants).
ORD. _Orchidaceæ_. TRIBE _Vandeæ_. These are among the most beautiful
of epiphytal orchids. One characteristic, both remarkable and peculiar,
is the long, hollow, tail-like spur depending from the base of the lip.
The flowers are produced on spikes from the axils of the leaves. The
leaves are evergreen, and arranged in two rows, the one opposite to the
other, and, in many kinds, being curved, give the plant a very graceful
appearance. The fact of these plants producing their blooms during
the winter--a period when flowers are generally scarce--considerably
enhances their value. They usually continue six or eight weeks in
perfection, or even more. The following table of night temperatures
should be almost universally adhered to for all the species enumerated,
except _A. falcatum_, which thrives best in a cool house. From November
to February, 58deg. to 63deg.; March to May, September and October,
65deg.; June to August, 70deg. The day temperature should be 7deg. or
8deg. higher than that of the night. A compost of crocks, charcoal,
and sphagnum is best. A layer of a few large crocks at the bottom of
the pot or pan will be required; over these spread another layer of
charcoal and smaller crocks, just enough to allow the roots to support
the plant; so that the first pair of leaves will be, in large plants,
about 4in. above the rim of the pot, or proportionately less in the
case of small plants. When the plant is carefully adjusted in its
proper position, and held there with one hand, the other hand should
work in among the roots more crocks and charcoal, ceasing so to do
when within 2in. of the rim; the remaining space must be occupied with
fresh sphagnum, pressed firm (this is most essential) in a cone shape,
which may be built up to within 1/2in. of the lower pair of leaves.
Prior to potting, which ought to be done between February and April,
water should be withheld for a short time; but give a good soaking
immediately after the operation. In the process of repotting, clear
the roots of the old moss, all rotten stems, and particles of decayed
roots. If plants are potted as we have recommended, a thorough soaking
once a week only, or if grown on blocks of wood, or in suspended
baskets or pans, about twice weekly will be found sufficient. Excessive
fumigation, drought, whether atmospherical or at the roots, will cause
the leaves to drop, and prevent any growth being made, in which case
the plant ought to be lowered. If the stems have emitted but few roots,
a ring of moss fastened round the stems, and kept constantly wet, will
induce the plant to throw out additional roots, when the lowering
may be proceeded with. To keep the plants free from insect pests,
frequently sponge the foliage. Thrips generally prove very troublesome,
and a moderate fumigation is needful, dislodging the insects that may
be secreted low down in the centre of the plant, shortly before the
operation, by dropping a little weak tobacco water or sulphur among
them.
=A. arcuatum= (curved).* _fl._ white; racemes from the axils of
the two-year-old leaves, two or three being produced from a single
growth, about 6in. long, arching. _l._ about 4in. long, and 3/4in.
broad. Natal. SYNS. _Listrostachys arcuata_. _A. (Listrostachys)
Sedeni_ comes close to the above species, but is excessively rare
in cultivation.
=A. bilobum= (two-lobed).* _fl._ white, with a tinge of rose, about
1-1/2in. in diameter; spur 2in. long, produced from the side of
the stem, just above the two-year-old leaves; racemes pendulous,
6in. or more long, bearing about a dozen flowers, which possess
a slight fragrance. October to December. _l._ 4in. long by 2in.
broad, two-lobed at the apex, about eight on a plant. Stem erect,
about 6in. high. Cape Coast, 1841. Should be grown in a basket.
=A. caudatum= (tailed). _fl._ greenish yellow, mixed with brown;
labellum pure white; spur thick, pale green, about 9in. long,
two-lobed at the lowest portion; racemes arching, 1ft. or more
long, produced from the base of the two-year-old leaves. Autumn.
_l._ pale green, drooping, about 10in. long by 1in. broad. _h._
1-1/2ft. Stem erect, or nearly so. Sierra Leone, 1834.
=A. cephalotes= (capitate).* _fl._ white. Tropical Africa, 1873.
=A. Chailluanum= (Chaillu's).* _fl._ white; sepals and petals
narrow, acute; spur yellowish green, 4in. or more long; racemes
pendulous, 8in. or 10in. long, about twelve medium sized flowers
produced from the side of the stem, just above the axils of
two-year-old leaves. _l._ 6in. long, 1-1/2in. broad, slightly
wavy, two-lobed at the apex, arranged in an imbricate manner. West
Africa, 1866. A rare species.
=A. Christyanum= (Christy's). A curious species, with yellow or
greenish-white flowers, having a much developed three-lobed lip.
The plant has the aspect of _A. arcuatum_. 1880.