elytra are recurved so as to give a body the resemblance of the
inside of a _boat_.--Ex. _Heleus_, _Cossyphus_.
II. HEAD (_CAPUT_).
i. DIRECTION.
1. PROMINENT (_Prominens_). When the head is in the horizontal
line, and forms no angle with the trunk.--Ex. _Carabus_. PLATE
I. FIG. 1.
2. PORRECTED (_Porrectum_). When the head is prominent and
elongate.--Ex. _Cychrus_.
3. NUTANT (_Nutans_). When the head forms downwards an _obtuse_
angle with the horizontal line, or trunk.--Ex. _Harpalus_.
4. CERNUOUS (_Cernuum_). When the head forms downwards a _right_
angle with the trunk.--Ex. Most _Gryllina_ and _Locustina_.
5. INFLEXED (_Inflexum_). When the head forms inwards an _acute_
angle with the trunk.--Ex. _Blatta_. PLATE II. FIG. 3.
6. TURRETED (_Turritum_). When the head is producted into a kind
of columnar recurved turret or rostrum, in the sides of which,
towards the end, the eyes are fixed.--Ex. _Truxalis_. #/
ii. INSERTION.
1. RETRACTED (_Retractum_). When the head is wholly withdrawn
within the trunk.--Ex. _Parnus_.
2. INTRUDED (_Intrusum_). When the head is nearly withdrawn within
the trunk.--Ex. _Melasis_.
3. INSERTED (_Insertum_). When the head is partly withdrawn within
the trunk.--Ex. _Buprestis_.
4. EXSERTED (_Exsertum_). When the head is quite disengaged from
the trunk.--Ex. _Tenebrio_, _Blaps_.
5. AMPLECTED (_Amplexum_). When the head is received into a sinus
of the thorax.--Ex. _Hister_.
6. RECONDITE (_Reconditum_). When the head is _wholly_ covered
and sheltered by the shield of the thorax.--Ex. _Cassida_,
_Lampyris_.
7. SEMIRECONDITE (_Semireconditum_). When the head is _half_
covered by the shield of the thorax.--Ex. _Silpha_, _Cyphon_.
8. RETRACTILE (_Retractile_). When an insect can at pleasure
exsert its head, or withdraw it within the trunk.--Ex.
_Hister_, _Larva_ of _Lampyris_.
9. VERSATILE (_Versatile_). When the head can turn nearly
round.--Ex. _Hymenoptera_, _Diptera_.
10. PEDUNCULATE (_Pedunculatum_). When the head is constricted
behind into a distinct neck.--Ex. _Apoderus Coryli_, &c.
11. SESSILE (_Sessile_). When the head does not move in the socket
of the trunk, but is attached to it by a kind of ligament.--Ex.
_Hymenoptera_, _Diptera_.
iii. TERMINATION.
1. CLYPEATE (_Clypeatum_). When the _Nasus_, _Genæ_, &c. are
dilated so as to shelter and overshadow the mouth.--Ex.
_Scarabæus_, _Copris_, &c. PLATE XIII. FIG. 14.
2. CAPISTRATE (_Capistratum_). When the anterior part of the head
is attenuated and subelongated into a kind of _flat rostrum_ or
muzzle.--Ex. _Nitidula_. PLATE XIII. FIG. 13.
3. ROSTRATE (_Rostratum_). When the anterior part of the head is
elongated and attenuated into a _cylindrical_ or _many-sided
rostrum_ or beak.--Ex. The weevils (_Rhyncophora_). PLATE XIII.
FIG. 12.
4. BUCCATE (_Buccatum_). When the _Nasus_ and anterior part of the
head are inflated.--Ex. _Conops_ and other _Diptera_. PLATE
XIII. FIG. 16.
iv. APPENDAGES.
1. UMBRACULATE (_Umbraculatum_). When there is upon the head an
umbrella-shaped process.--Ex. _Gryllus umbraculatus_.
2. LYCHNIDIATE (_Lychnidiatum_). When the _Vertex_, _Frons_, and
_Postnasus_ are porrected so as to form a kind of _rostrum_
which gives light in the night.--Ex. _Fulgora_. PLATE XIII.
FIG. 15.
v. MOUTH (_OS_).
1. TERMINAL (_Terminale_). When the mouth terminates the
head.--Ex. _Coleoptera_, &c.
2. PRONE (_Pronum_). When the mouth is wholly under the head.--Ex.
_Truxalis_, _Proscopia_.
3. PERFECT (_Perfectum_). When the mouth is furnished with all the
_Trophi_. Viz. _Labrum_; _Labium_; _Mandibulæ_; _Maxillæ_;
_Maxillary_ and _Labial Palpi_; and _Tongue_.--Ex. The
_Masticating_ Orders.
a. FEEDERS RETRACTED (_Trophi retracti_). When, in a perfect
mouth, the _Trophi_ are not capable of being much pushed out or
drawn in.--Ex. Most _Coleoptera_, _Orthoptera_, &c.
b. FEEDERS RETRACTILE (_Trophi retractiles_). When, in a perfect
mouth, the _Trophi_ can be considerably pushed forth or drawn
in.--Ex. _Stenus_, _Apis_, &c.
4. IMPERFECT (_Imperfectum_). When the mouth wants any of the
_Trophi_, or they exist in it only as rudiments.--Ex. The
_Suctorious_ Orders.
5. ELABRATE (_Elabratum_). When an imperfect mouth has
_Mandibulæ_, _Maxillæ_, _Labium_, and _Maxillary Palpi_, or
what perform their office, but no _Labrum_.--Ex. _Araneidea_.
6. EMANDIBULATE (_Emandibulatum_). When an imperfect mouth has all
the _Trophi_ but the _Mandibulæ_.--Ex. _Trichoptera_.
7. BIPALPATE (_Bipalpatum_). When an imperfect mouth has only
either _Labial_ or _Maxillary Palpi_.--Ex. _Tabanus_, &c.
8. EXPALPATE (_Expalpatum_). When an imperfect mouth has no
_Palpi_.--Ex. _Hemiptera_.
9. STOMAPODOUS (_Stomapodum_). When the _Legs_ and _Sternum_ act
the part of _Maxillæ_, _Labium_, and _Palpi_.--Ex. _Araneidea_,
_Scolopendra_, &c.
a. UPPER LIP (_Labrum_).
1. WHISKERED (_Mystacinum_). When the upper lip is furnished with
whiskers (_Mystax_), or bearded.--Ex. _Creophilus hirtus_.
PLATE XXVI. FIG. 30.
b. UPPER JAWS (_Mandibulæ_).
1. CHELATE (_Chelatæ_). When the upper jaws are furnished at the
end with a _chela_ or thumb.--Ex. _Scorpio_, _Phalangium_.
2. UNGUICULATE (_Unguiculatæ_). When they are armed with a
moveable _claw_.--Ex. _Araneidea_. PLATE VII. FIG. 10. c´.
3. BURIED (_Sepultæ_). When they are covered and quite concealed
by the upper lip.--Ex. _Colliuris_.
4. OPEN (_Apertæ_). When they are _not_ quite concealed by the
upper lip.--Ex. Most _Coleoptera_.
5. TOOTHLESS (_Edentulæ_). When they are _not_ armed with
teeth.--Ex. _Apogonia gemellata_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 22.
6. TOOTHED (_Dentatæ_). When they are armed with teeth.--Ex.
_Cicindela_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 19.
7. SUCTORIOUS (_Suctoriæ_). When they have an orifice by
which they imbibe their food.--Ex. _Larva_ of _Dytiscus_,
_Myrmeleon_, &c. PLATE XIII. FIG. 6.
c. UNDER JAWS (_Maxillæ_).
1. SIMPLE (_Simplices_). When the under jaws have but one
lobe.--Ex. _Hymenoptera_. PLATE VII. FIG. 2, 3. d´.
2. COMPOUND (_Compositæ_). When they have more than one lobe.--Ex.
_Staphylinus_ and many other _Coleoptera_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 9,
10. d´´´. e´´´.
3. ADNATE (_Adnatæ_). When they adhere to the lower lip through
their whole length.--Ex. _Trichoptera_. PLATE VII. FIG. 1. d´.
4. ADHERENT (_Adhærentes_). When they adhere to it only at their
base.--Ex. _Coleoptera_, _Hymenoptera_, &c. PLATE VI. VII. FIG.
3. d´.
5. SPINOSE (_Spinosæ_). When they are armed at the apex with
_spines_.--Ex. _Libellulina_. PLATE VI. FIG. 12. f´´´.
6. DENTATE (_Dentatæ_). When they are armed with _teeth_.--Ex.
_Melolonthidæ_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 15. g´´.
7. PECTUNCULATE (_Pectunculatæ_). When the stipes below the feeler
has a row of minute spines set like the teeth of a comb.--Ex.
_Apis_[1096].
8. DISENGAGED (_Liberæ_). When they do not adhere to the lower lip
at all, or are only connected by membrane or ligaments.--Ex.
_Apis_, &c. PLATE VII. FIG. 3. d´.
9. MANDIBULIFORM (_Mandibuliformes_). When they are hard and
horny and shaped like the upper jaws.--Ex. _Melolonthidæ_,
_Anoplognathidæ_, &c. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 13, 15.
10. UNGUICULATE (_Unguiculatæ_). When they terminate in a moveable
claw.--Ex. _Cicindela_.
d. FEELERS (_Palpi_).
1. MANIFORM (_Maniformes_). When they are chelate or furnished
with a finger and thumb.--Ex. _Scorpio_, _Chelifer_. PLATE XV.
FIG. 7.
2. PEDIFORM (_Pediformes_). When they resemble the _legs_ either
in structure or use.--Ex. _Araneidea_, _Acarina_. PLATE VII.
FIG. 10. h´´.
3. ANTENNIFORM (_Antenniformes_). When they are very long
resembling _antennæ_.--Ex. _Hydrophilus_, _Bryaxis_, _Culex_ ♂.
4. UNGUICULATE (_Unguiculati_). When they are armed with a claw at
the end.--Ex. _Gonyleptes_. PLATE XIII. FIG. 1.
5. SECURIFORM (_Securiformes_). When the last joint of the feeler
is triangular, and the preceding joint is connected with the
vertex of the triangle.--Ex. _Cleridæ_. PLATE XIII. FIG. 2. _a._
6. LUNULATE (_Lunulati_). When the last joint is shaped like a
half-moon or crescent.--Ex. _Oxyporus_. PLATE XIII. FIG. 4. _a._
7. FASCICULATE (_Fasciculati_). When the feeler terminates in a
bunch of very slender laminæ.--Ex. _Lymexylon flavipes_. PLATE
XXVI. FIG. 3.
8. LAMELLATE (_Lamellati_). When the last joint is divided into
transverse lamellæ.--Ex. _Atractocerus_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 1.
9. INFLATED (_Inflati_). When the last joint of the feeler is very
large and tumid.--Ex. _Araneidea_ ♂. PLATE XIII. FIG. 3.
10. APPENDICULATE (_Appendiculati_). When from one of the
joints there issues an accessory joint or appendage.--Ex.
_Atractocerus_, _Trombidium_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 1. _a._ PLATE
XXIII. FIG. 13. _a._
11. MAMMILLATE (_Mammillati_). When the last joint is very short,
smaller than the preceding one, and retractile within it.--Ex.
_Pæderus_[1097].
12. SUBULATE (_Subulati_). When the last joint is short, and vastly
smaller than the preceding one.--Ex. _Bembidium_, _Aleochara_.
PLATE XXVI. FIG. 7.
13. FUSIFORM (_Fusiformes_). When the two last joints are conical,
and the base of the cones forms the point of union.--Ex.
_Trechus_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 8.
14. HETEROMORPHOUS (_Heteromorphi_). When the two intermediate
joints are vastly larger than the first and the last.--Ex.
_Cerocoma_ ♂. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 2.
e. TONGUE (_Lingua_).
1. LINGUIFORM (_Linguiformis_). When the tongue is quite distinct
from the labium, usually retracted within the mouth, short and
shaped something like a vertebrate tongue.--Ex. _Gryllina_,
_Libellulina_. PLATE VI. FIG. 6, 12. e´.
2. LIGULIFORM (_Liguliformis_). When it emerges from the labium,
is short, flat, and not concealed within the mouth.--Ex.
_Vespa_ and many _Hymenoptera_. PLATE VII. FIG. 2. e'.
3. TUBULOSE (_Tubulosa_). When it emerges from the labium, is long
and tubular, and capable of inflation.--Ex. _Apis_. PLATE VII.
FIG. 3. e´.
4. SETIFORM (_Setiformis_). A short minute sharp tongue
discoverable between the _scalpella_ of a _promuscis_.--Ex.
_Cimex_ L. PLATE VII. FIG. 14. e´.
5. PALATIFORM (_Palatiformis_). When the tongue forms the inner
surface of the _Labium_, but is not separate from it.--Ex. Most
_Coleoptera_.
vi. NOSE (_NASUS_).
1. INCLUDED (_Inclusus_). When the nose is included between the
two sides of the _Postnasus_ which run towards the upper
lip.--Ex. _Geocorisæ_.
2. VAULTED (_Fornicatus_). When the nose is elevated, convex and
hollow underneath.--Ex. _Vespa_.
vii. CANTHUS.
1. ENTERING (_Intrans_). When the _Canthus_ takes a little angle
or sinus out of the eye.--EX. The _Capricorn beetles_,
_Mylabris_. PLATE VI. FIG. 1. h´.
2. CLEAVING (_Findens_). When the _Canthus_ cleaves the eye half
through or more.--Ex. The _Petalocerous beetles_.
3. DIVIDING (_Dividens_). When the _Canthus_ passes right
through the eye and divides it into two.--Ex. _Gyrinus_,
_Tetraopes_.[1098] PLATE XXVI. FIG. 36.
4. SEPTIFORM (_Septiformis_). When the _Canthus_ forms an elevated
ridge or _septum_.--Ex. Many _Petalocerous beetles_.
viii. EYES (_OCULI_).
1. SIMPLE (_Simplices_). Eyes which do not consist of an aggregate
of hexagonal lenses.--Ex. _Araneidæ_, _Scorpio_, _Phalangium_.
PLATE VII. FIG. 9. h.
_a._ SCATTERED (_Sparsi_). When simple eyes are separate from
each other and not arranged in a certain order.--Ex. Eyes of
_Caterpillars_, and some _Scolopendræ_.
_b._ ORDINATE (_Ordinati_). When simple eyes are arranged in a
certain order.--Ex. _Araneidea_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 37.
_c._ CONGLOMERATE (_Conglomerati_). When a number of simple eyes
are collected together so as to exhibit the appearance of a
compound one.--Ex. _Iulus_. PLATE XIII. FIG. 11.
_d._ DORSAL (_Dorsales_). When they are placed on the back.--Ex.
_Phalangium_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 43. h.
2. COMPOUND (_Compositi_). Eyes which consist of an aggregate of
hexagonal lenses.--Ex. All the _Winged Orders_. PLATE XIII.
FIG. 10. and XXVI. FIG. 38-42. h.
_a._ SESSILE (_Sessiles_). Eyes that do not sit upon a
footstalk.--Ex. _Most insects_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 40, 41.
α. SUPERIOR (_Superiores_). When they are placed in the _upper_
part of the head.--Ex. _Libellulina_.
β. LATERAL (_Laterales_). When they are placed in the _side_ of
the head.--Ex. _Apis_.
γ. INFERIOR (_Inferiores_). When they are placed in the _lower_
side of the head.--Ex. The _lower_ pair in _Gyrinus_.
δ. POSTERIOR (_Posteriores_). When placed in the _posterior_ part
of the head.--Ex. _Locusta_.
ε. ANTERIOR (_Anteriores_). When placed in the _anterior_ part of
the head.--Ex. _Crabro_, _Goerius olens_, &c.
ζ. MEDIAL (_Medii_). When placed in the _middle_ part of the
head.--Ex. _Harpalus_, &c.
η. BELTING (_Cingentes_). When the eyes nearly meet both _above_
and _below_ the head, so as to form a kind of belt round
it.--Ex. _Culex pipiens_, _Cordylia Palmarum_.
θ. IMMERSED (_Immersi_). When they are quite imbedded in the
head.--Ex. The _Melasoma_ or _Darkling beetles_.
ι. PROMINENT (_Prominuli_). When they stand out from the
head.--Ex. _Cicindela_.
_b._ COLUMNAR (_Columnares_). When they sit upon a _short_
footstalk or pillar.--Ex. _Strepsiptera_, _Ephemera_ ♂. PLATE
XXVI. FIG. 38, 39. h.
_c._ PEDUNCULATE (_Pedunculati_). When they sit upon a _long_
footstalk which also bears the antennæ.--Ex. _Diopsis_. PLATE
XIII. FIG. 9.
_d._ OPERCULATE (_Operculati_). When the eyes are covered by an
_operculum_.--Ex. _Xylina conspicillaris_[1099].
_e._ CILIATE (_Ciliati_). When the margin of the socket of the eye
is fringed with hairs, so as to resemble an _eyelash_.--Ex.
_Apion vernale_ and _Malvarum_.
ix. STEMMATA.
1. VERTICAL (_Verticalia_). When they are placed in the
_Vertex_.--Ex. _Reduvius personatus_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 40. i.
2. FRONTAL (_Frontalia_). When placed in the _Frons_.--Ex.
_Hymenoptera_. PLATE VII. FIG. 2. i.
3. INTRAOCULAR (_Intraocularia_). When placed in the space
_between_ the eyes.--Ex. _Cercopis_, _Ledra_, &c. PLATE XXVI.
FIG. 42. i.
4. SUBOCULAR (_Subocularia_). When placed in the space _below_ the
eyes.--Ex. _Fulgora laternaria_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 41. i.
5. SPURIOUS (_Spuria_). A flat subdiaphanous space above the base
of the antennæ, which seems to represent them.--Ex. _Blatta_,
_Gryllus_.
x. ANTENNÆ.
a. NUMBER.
1. DICEROUS (_Dicera_). Insects that have _two_ antennæ.--Ex.
_Insects in general_.
2. ACEROUS (_Acera_). Insects that have _no_ antennæ.--Ex. The
_Acarina_, &c.
b. SITUATION.
1. PREOCULAR (_Præoculares_). When antennæ are inserted _before_
the eyes.--Ex. _Chrysis_.
2. INTEROCULAR (_Interoculares_). When inserted any where
_between_ the eyes.--Ex. _Leptura_, _Haliplus_.
3. INOCULAR (_Inoculares_). When inserted in the _Canthus_ of the
eyes.--Ex. The _Capricorn beetles_.
4. SUBOCULAR (_Suboculares_). When inserted _under_ the eyes.--Ex.
_Fulgora_, _Nepa_. PLATE XXVI. FIG. 41. k.
5. EXTRAOCULAR (_Extraoculares_). When inserted _without_ the
eyes.--Ex. _Notonecta_, _Delphax_.
6. ROSTRAL (_Rostrales_). When seated on a rostrum.--Ex. The
_Rhyncophorous beetles_.
7. SUPERIOR (_Superiores_). When inserted in the _upper_ surface
of the head.--Ex. Most _insects_.
8. INFERIOR (_Inferiores_). When inserted _under_ the head.--Ex.
_Copris_, &c.
c. APPROXIMATION.
1. DISTANT (_Distantes_). When _remote_ at their base.--Ex.
_Buprestis rustica_.
2. APPROXIMATE (_Approximatæ_). When they _approach_ each other at
their base.--Ex. _Donacia_, _Galeruca_.
3. CONTIGUOUS (_Contiguæ_). When they nearly or altogether _touch_
each other at their base.--Ex. _Imatidium MacLeayanum_.
4. CONNATE (_Connatæ_). When _united_ at their base.--Ex. _Ceria_.
PLATE XII. FIG. 13.
d. PROPORTION.
1. VERY SHORT (_Brevissimæ_). When shorter than the head.--Ex. The
_Muscidæ_, &c.
2. SHORT (_Breves_). When as long as the head.--Ex. _Hister_.
3. SHORTER (_Breviores_). When longer than the head and shorter
than the body.--Ex. _Dytiscus_.
4. MEDIOCRAL (_Mediocres_). When of the length of the body.--Ex.
_Callidium violaceum_.
5. LONGER (_Longiores_). When longer than the body.--Ex.
_Monochamus Sutor_.
6. VERY LONG (_Longissimæ_). When much longer than the body.--Ex.
_Acanthocinus ædilis_.
e. DIRECTION.
1. INTIRE (_Integræ_). When they have no elbow or angle.--Ex.
_Antennæ_ of most _Coleoptera_.
2. BROKEN (_Fractæ_). When the _Clavola_ forms an angle with the
_Scapus_.--Ex. _Curculio_, _Apis_, &c. PLATE XXV. FIG. 15.
3. GENICULATE (_Geniculatæ_). When they form an elbow in the
middle but not with the _Scapus_.--Ex. _Meloe_. PLATE XII. FIG.
7.
4. STRAIGHT (_Rectæ_). When they are without any angle,
convolution, or curvature. PLATE XI. FIG. 5.
5. PORRECT (_Porrectæ_). When they are placed parallel with each
other, and in the same line with the body.--Ex. _Trichoptera_
in flight.
6. EXCURVED (_Excurvæ_). When they curve outwards.
7. INCURVED (_Incurvæ_). When they curve inwards.
8. DECURVED (_Decurvæ_). When they curve downwards.
9. RECURVED (_Recurvæ_). When they curve upwards.
10. REFLEXED (_Reflexæ_). When they are bent back over the body.
11. DEFLEXED (_Deflexæ_). When they are bent downwards.
12. CONVOLUTE (_Convolutæ_). When they roll inwards. PLATE XII.
FIG. 6.
13. REVOLUTE (_Revolutæ_). When they roll outwards.
14. SPIRAL (_Spirales_). When they are convoluted spirally. PLATE
XXV. FIG. 31.
15. RIGID (_Rigidæ_). When they are very stiff and inflexible.--Ex.
_Libellulina_, _Fulgora_. PLATE XII. FIG. 12, 15.
f. REPOSITION.
1. HIDDEN (_Receptæ_). Antennæ which when the animal reposes,
are hidden under the head or trunk.--Ex. The _Lamellicorns_,
_Elater_, _Belostoma_.
2. EXPOSED (_Apertæ_). Antennæ which when the animal reposes are
not concealed.--Ex. _Cerambyx_.
g. FIGURE and SIZE.
1. SETACEOUS (_Setaceæ_). Long flexile antennæ which taper
somewhat from the base to the apex. PLATE XI. FIG. 1.
2. SETIFORM (_Setiformes_). Short rigid antennæ which taper from
the base to the apex like a bristle. PLATE XII. FIG. 14-16.
3. CAPILLARY (_Capillares_). Antennæ nearly as slender as a hair.
PLATE XI FIG. 2.
4. FILIFORM (_Filiformes_). Antennæ every where of an equal
thickness. PLATE XI. FIG. 3.
5. THICK (_Crassæ_). Antennæ disproportionably thick. PLATE XII.
FIG. 29.
6. INCRASSATE (_Incrassatæ_). Antennæ disproportionably thick in
any part: at the _base_, _middle_, or _apex_. PLATE XXV. FIG.
34, 19, 7.
a. GRADUALLY INCRASSATE (_Sensim Incrassatæ_). When they grow
gradually thicker from the base to the apex. PLATE XXV. FIG. 10.
b. SUDDENLY INCRASSATE (_Subito Incrassatæ_). When they grow
suddenly thicker in any part. PLATE XXV. FIG. 18, 19, 24.
7. BROAD (_Latæ_). Antennæ disproportionably _wide_. PLATE XXV.
FIG. 24.
8. DILATED (_Dilatatæ_). When they are disproportionably wide in
any part; _base_, _middle_, or _apex_. PLATE XXV. FIG. 12.
PLATE XII. FIG. 1, 20.
9. SLENDER (_Tenues_). When they are disproportionably _slender_.
PLATE XI. FIG. 2.
10. ATTENUATE (_Attenuatæ_). Antennæ disproportionably slender in
any part; _base_, _middle_, or _apex_. PLATE XXV. FIG. 8, 21,
34.
a. GRADUALLY ATTENUATE (_Sensim Attenuatæ_). When they grow
gradually more slender from the base to the apex. PLATE XI.
FIG. 7.
b. SUDDENLY ATTENUATE (_Subito Attenuatæ_). When they grow
suddenly slender in any part. PLATE XII. FIG. 1. PLATE XXV.
FIG. 18, 34.
11. FUSIFORM (_Fusiformes_). Antennæ thickest in the middle and
tapering more or less towards each extremity. PLATE XI. FIG.
5. PLATE XXV. FIG. 8.
12. PRISMATIC (_Prismaticales_). Antennæ with three nearly equal
sides. PLATE XI. FIG. 6.
13. ENSIFORM (_Ensiformes_). Antennæ compressed and three-sided,
with one side much narrower than either of the others. PLATE
XI. FIG. 7.
14. FALCIFORM (_Falciformes_). When the _Clavola_ of the _Antennæ_
grows gradually narrower towards the apex, and is arcuate or
incurved so as to resemble a _sickle_. PLATE XI. FIG. 8.
15. NODOSE (_Nodosæ_). When antennæ have one, two, or more joints
larger than those which precede or follow them. PLATE XII. FIG.
5.
16. MONILIFORM (_Moniliformes_). Antennæ consisting of oval or
globular joints so as to resemble a necklace of beads. PLATE
XI. FIG. 9.
17. DENTATE (_Dentatæ_). Toothed with teeth whose sides are
_equal_. PLATE XI. FIG. 10.
18. SERRATE (_Serratæ_). Toothed with teeth whose sides are
_unequal_ like those of a saw. PLATE XI. FIG. 11. PLATE XXV.
FIG. 8.
19. BISERRATE (_Biserratæ_). So toothed on each side. PLATE XXV.
FIG. 18.
20. IMBRICATE (_Imbricatæ_). When the summit of each joint is
incumbent upon the base of that which precedes it. PLATE XI.
FIG. 12.
21. DISTICHOUS (_Distichæ_). When the joints in general terminate
in a _fork_. PLATE XI. FIG. 13.
22. CIRRATE (_Cirratæ_). When the joints terminate in a pair of
curling hairy branches resembling _tendrils_. PLATE XXV. FIG.
4.
23. FLABELLATE (_Flabellatæ_). When the antennæ on one side send
forth from the joints, except those at the base, long flat
flexile branches, which open and shut like the sticks of a
_fan_. PLATE XI. FIG. 17.
24. BIFLABELLATE (_Biflabellatæ_). When they are flabellate on both
sides. PLATE XXV. FIG. 11.
25. PECTINATE (_Pectinatæ_). Antennæ furnished on one side with
a number of parallel stiff branches, resembling somewhat the
teeth of a _comb_. PLATE XXV. FIG. 25. PLATE XI. FIG. 14.
26. BIPECTINATE (_Bipectinatæ_). Pectinate on both sides. PLATE
XXV. FIG. 22.
27. DUPLICATO-PECTINATE (_Duplicato-pectinatæ_). Bipectinate with
the branches on each side alternately long and short. PLATE XI.
FIG. 15.
28. RAMOSE (_Ramosæ_). Antennæ furnished on one side with two or
three irregular longish branches. PLATE XI. FIG. 18.
29. FURCATE (_Furcatæ_). Antennæ divided at the end into two prongs
or branches. PLATE XI. FIG. 19. PLATE V. FIG. 3.
30. BIPARTITE (_Bipartitæ_). When they are divided to the base into
two nearly equal branches. PLATE XXV. FIG. 20.
31. PALMATE (_Palmatæ_). Very short antennæ which send forth
externally a few long finger-shaped branches, giving them some
resemblance of a _hand_. PLATE XI. FIG. 24.
32. IRREGULAR (_Irregulares_). When the joints of the antennæ vary
so much in size and shape that they cannot well be defined.
PLATE XI. FIG. 22.
h. TERMINATION.
α. VERSATILE ANTENNÆ.
1. SUBULATE (_Subulatæ_). When they terminate in a minute joint,
much slenderer than the preceding one. PLATE XII. FIG. 16.
2. SETIGEROUS (_Setigeræ_). When they terminate in a bristle.
PLATE XII. FIG. 14, 15. PLATE XXV. FIG. 29.
3. CAPILLACEOUS (_Capillaceæ_). When they terminate in a fine
capillary joint. PLATE XII. FIG. 1.
4. MUCRONATE (_Mucronatæ_). When they terminate in a short point
or mucro. PLATE XII. FIG. 2.
5. UNCINATE (_Uncinatæ_). When their apex is incurved so as to
form a kind of _hook_. PLATE XII. FIG. 3.
6. UNGUICULATE (_Unguiculatæ_). When they terminate in a hard
horny incurved sharp _claw_ resembling those of the tarsi of
insects. PLATE XXV. FIG. 16. _a._
7. CLAVATE (_Clavatæ_). When their apex grows gradually thicker.
PLATE XII. FIG. 4. PLATE XXV. FIG. 7, 14.
8. CAPITATE (_Capitatæ_). When they terminate suddenly in a larger
knob of one or more joints. PLATE XII. FIG. 8-10, and XXV. 1-3,
5, 6.
_a._ FISSILE KNOB (_Capitulum fissile_). When it is divided into
several _laminæ_ which the insect can open and shut. PLATE XXV.
FIG. 1-3, 5.
_b._ TUNICATE KNOB (_Capitulum tunicatum_). When the laminæ, at
least on one side, appear to inosculate or to be imbedded in
each other. PLATE XII. FIG. 8. PLATE XXV. FIG. 5, 6.
_c._ PERFOLIATE KNOB (_Capitulum perfoliatum_). When the joints of
the knob are connected by a pedicle, which has the appearance
of passing through them. PLATE XII. FIG. 10.
_d._ SOLID KNOB (_Capitulum solidum_). When the knob consists of
a single joint, or if of more, exhibits very faint traces of
their separation. PLATE XII. FIG. 9. PLATE XXV. FIG. 33.
_e._ INFLATED KNOB (_Capitulum inflatum_). When the knob is
disproportionably large, and looks as if blown out. PLATE XII.
FIG. 28. PLATE XXV. FIG. 9.
β. INVERSATILE ANTENNÆ.