-----------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------
| Western | Miscellaneous | Old American
| Eskimo | North American| whites
| | Indian | (Labor Ser.)
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
| Males |Females| Males |Females| Males |Females
-----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
Height of left ear | 7.05 | 6.61 | 7.25 | 6.95 | 6.69 | 6.10
Breadth of left ear | 3.82 | 3.49 | 3.90 | 3.70 | 3.79 | 3.47
Ear index |_54.2_ |_52.8_ |_53.2_ |_53.6_ |_56.7_ |_56.9_
Percentage relation of | | | | | |
ear length to stature| _4.34_| _4.33_| _4.25_| _4.35_| _3.84_| _3.68_
=======================+=======+=======+=======+===+===+=======+=======
| Western Eskimo groups | Whites in general
-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------
Height of left ear | 6.71- 7.40 6.49-6.73 | 6.20- 6.69
Breadth of left ear | 3.72- 4.04 3.45-3.57 | 3.58- 3.79
Ear index | _53.3 -58.9_ _52.3 -53.1_ | _56 -58.6_
-----------------------+---------------------------+-------------------
_The chest._--The best measurements of the chest, experience has
shown, are the antero-posterior and lateral diameters at the nipple
height in the males and at the corresponding level of the upper border
of the fourth costal cartilages in the females. They give not merely
the individual dimensions but also their relation, which is of much
ontogenic as well as other interest, and their mean gives the chest
module which in relation to the stature is anthropologically as well as
individually (medically) important.
The table following gives the chest measurements in the western Eskimo,
in a large group of Indians (my older data), and in the old American
whites as well as others.
The Eskimo chest is large. In the males, in addition, it is very deep.
Compared to that of the white old Americans it is markedly deeper in
the males and broader in the females, notwithstanding the fact that the
Americans are much taller. It is even larger, besides being relatively
deeper in the males and somewhat broader in the females, than it is
in many tribes of the Indian. Only tall and bulky Indians such as the
Sioux show a chest that is absolutely somewhat larger, but in relation
to stature, with which the dimensions of the chest stand in close
correlation,[131] the Eskimo prevails even in this instance. This
excess in chest development in the Eskimo must be ascribed in the main
to his occupations and exertions, particularly again, it would seem, in
connection with the canoe.