France, comprising the modern departments of Cher and Indre. The ~Indre~
and the ~Creuse~ are its chief rivers. ~Vierzon, Châteauroux, Le
Châtre~, and ~Ste.-Sévère~ are towns of the province. ~Le Puy~ is in the
neighboring department of Haute-Loire, and ~La Marche~ is in the
department of Vosges. For the ~Vallée Noire~ see Sand's _The Miller of
Angibault_, chap. III, etc.
[298] ~Jeanne~. The first of a series of novels in which the pastoral
element prevails. It was published in 1844.
[299] The ~Pierres Jaunâtres~ (or ~Jomâtres~) is a district in the
mountains of the Creuse (see _Jeanne, Prologue_). ~Touix Ste.-Croix~ is
a ruined Gallic town (_Jeanne_, chap. I). For the druidical stones of
~Mont Barlot~ see _Jeanne_, chap. VII.
PAGE 193
[300] ~Cassini's great map~. A huge folio volume containing 183 charts
of the various districts of France, published by Mess. Maraldi and
Cassini de Thury, Paris, 1744.
[301] For an interesting description of the patache, or rustic carriage,
see George Sand's _Miller of Angibault_, chap. II.
[302] ~landes~. An infertile moor.
PAGE 194
[303] ~Maurice and Solange~. See, for example, the _Letters of a
Traveller_.
[304] ~Chopin~. George Sand's friendship for the composer Chopin began
in 1837.
PAGE 195
[305] ~Jules Michelet~ (1798-1874), French historian.
[306] ~her death~. George Sand died at Nohant, June 8, 1876.
PAGE 196
[307]. From the _Journal d'un Voyageur_, September 15, 1870, ed. 1871,
p. 2.
[308] ~Consuelo~ (1842-44) is George Sand's best-known novel.
[309] ~Edmée, Geneviève, Germain~. Characters in the novels _Mauprat,
André_, and _La Mare au Diable_.
[310] ~Lettres d'un Voyageur, Mauprat, François le Champi~. Published in
1830-36, 1836, and 1848.
[311] ~F.W.H. Myers~ (1843-1901), poet and essayist. See his _Essays,
Modern_, ed. 1883, pp. 70-103.
PAGE 197
[312] ~Valvèdre~. Published in 1861.
[313] ~Werther~. See _The Contribution of the Celts, Selections_, Note
1, p. 182.[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 263 in this e-text.]
[314] ~Corinne~. An esthetic romance (1807) by Mme. de Staël.
[315] ~Valentine~ (1832), George Sand's second novel, pointed out "the
dangers and pains of an ill-assorted marriage." ~Lélia~ (1833) was a
still more outspoken diatribe against society and the marriage law.
PAGE 199
[316] From _Lélia_, chap. LXVII.
[317] ~Jacques~ (1834), the hero of which is George Sand in man's
disguise, sets forth the author's doctrine of free love.
[318] From _Jacques_, letter 95.
PAGE 200
[319] From _Lettres d'un Voyageur_, letter 9.
[320] _Ibid._, à Rollinat, September, 1834.
PAGE 203
[321] ~Hans Holbein~, the younger (1497-1543), German artist.
PAGE 205
[322] From _La Mare au Diable_, chap. 1.
[323] _Ibid._, _The Author to the Reader_.
PAGE 206
[324] _Ibid._, chap. 1.
PAGE 207
[325] _Ibid._, chap. 1.
PAGE 208
[326] From _Impressions et Souvenirs_, ed. 1873, p. 135.
[327] _Ibid._, p. 137.
[328] From Wordsworth's _Lines Composed a few Miles above Tintern
Abbey_.
[329] From _Impressions et Souvenirs_, p. 136.
PAGE 209
[330] _Ibid._, p. 139.
PAGE 210
[331] _Ibid._, p. 269.
[332] _Ibid._, p. 253.
PAGE 211
[333] See _The Function of Criticism, Selections_, p. 29.[Transcriber's
note: This approximates to the section following the text reference for
Footnote 29 in this e-text.]
[334] ~Émile Zola~ (1840-1902), French novelist, was the apostle of the
"realistic" or "naturalistic" school. _L'Assommoir_ (1877) depicts
especially the vice of drunkenness.
PAGE 212
[335] From _Journal d'un Voyageur_, February 10, 1871, p. 305.
[336] ~Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye~ (1822-92), Belgian economist. He
was especially interested in bimetallism, primitive property, and
nationalism.
PAGE 213
[337] From _Journal d'un Voyageur_, December 21, 1870, p. 202.
PAGE 214
[338] _Ibid._, December 21, 1870, p. 220.
PAGE 215
[339] _Ibid._, February 7, 1871, p. 228.
[340] _Round my House: Notes of Rural Life in France in Peace and War_
(1876), by ~Philip Gilbert Hamerton~. See especially chapters XI and
XII.
[341] ~Barbarians, Philistines, Populace~. Arnold's designations for the
aristocratic, middle, and lower classes of England in _Culture and
Anarchy_.
PAGE 216
[342] ~Paul Amand Challemel-Lacour~ (1827-96), French statesman and man
of letters.
[343] See _The Function of Criticism, Selections_, Note 4, p. 44.
[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 54 in this e-text.]
[344] From _Journal d'un Voyageur_, February 10, 1871, p. 309.
PAGE 217
[345] The closing sentence of the Nicene Creed with _expecto_ changed to
_exspectat_. For the English translation see Morning Prayer in the
Episcopal Prayer Book; for the Greek and Latin see Schaff, _Creeds of
Christendom_, II, 58, 59.
WORDSWORTH
PAGE 218
[346] Published in _Macmillan's Magazine_, July, 1879, vol. XL; as
Preface to _The Poems of Wordsworth_, chosen and edited by Arnold in
1879; and in _Essays in Criticism_, Second Series, 1888.
PAGE 219
[347] ~Rydal Mount~. Wordsworth's home in the Lake District from 1813
until his death in 1850.
[348] ~1842~. The year of publication of the two-volume edition of
Tennyson's poems, containing _Locksley Hall_, _Ulysses_, etc.
PAGE 221
[349] ~candid friend~. Arnold himself.
PAGE 222
[350] The _Biographie Universelle, ou Dictionnaire historique_ of F.X.
de Feller (1735-1802) was originally published in 1781.
[351] ~Henry Cochin~. A brilliant lawyer and writer of Paris, 1687-1747.
PAGE 223
[352] ~Amphictyonic Court~. An association of Ancient Greek communities
centering in a shrine.
PAGE 224
[353] ~Gottlieb Friedrich Klopstock~ (1724-1803) was author of _Der
Messias_.
[354] ~Lessing~. See _Sweetness and Light, Selections_, Note 2, p.
271.[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 427 in this e-text.]
[355] ~Johann Ludwig Uhland~ (1787-1862), romantic lyric poet.
[356] ~Friedrich Rückert~ (1788-1866) was the author of _Liebesfrühling_
and other poems.
[357] ~Heine~. See _Heinrich Heine, Selections_, pp. 112-144.
[358] The greatest poems of ~Vicenzo da Filicaja~ (1642-1707) are six
odes inspired by the victory of Sobieski.
[359] ~Vittorio, Count Alfieri~ (1749-1803), Italian dramatist. His
best-known drama is his _Saul_.
[360] ~Manzoni~ (1785-1873) was a poet and novelist, author of _I
Promessi Sposi_.
[361] ~Giacomo, Count Leopardi~ (1798-1837), Italian poet. His writings
are characterized by deep-seated melancholy.
[362] ~Jean Racine~ (1639-99), tragic dramatist.
[363] ~Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux~ (1636-1711), poet and critic.
[364] ~André de Chénier~ (1762-94), poet, author of _Jeune Captive_,
etc.
[365] ~Pierre Jean de Béranger~ (1780-1857), song-writer.
[366] ~Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine~ (1790-1869), poet,
historian, and statesman.
[367] ~Louis Charles Alfred de Musset~ (1810-57), poet, play-writer, and
novelist.
PAGE 228
[368] From _The Recluse_, l. 754.
PAGE 229
[369] _Paradise Lost_, XI, 553-54.
PAGE 230
[370] _The Tempest_, IV, i, 156-58.
[371] ~criticism of life~. See _The Study of Poetry, Selections_, Note
1, p. 57.[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 66 in this e-text.]
PAGE 231
[372] _Discourses_ of Epictetus, trans. Long, 1903, vol. I, book II,
chap. XXIII, p. 248.
PAGE 232
[373] ~Théophile Gautier~. A noted French poet, critic, and novelist,
and a leader of the French Romantic Movement (1811-72).
[374] _The Recluse_, ll. 767-71.
[375] _Æneid_, VI, 662.
PAGE 233
[376] ~Leslie Stephen~. English biographer and literary critic
(1832-1904). He was the first editor of the _Dictionary of National
Biography_. Arnold quotes from the essay on _Wordsworth's Ethics_ in
_Hours in a Library_ (1874-79), vol. III.
[377] _Excursion_, IV, 73-76.
PAGE 234
[378] _Ibid._, II, 10-17.
[379] _Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early
Childhood_.
PAGE 235
[380] _Excursion_, IX, 293-302.
PAGE 236
[381] See p. 232.[Transcriber's note: This approximates to the section
following the text reference for Footnote 373 in this e-text.]
PAGE 237
[382] ~the "not ourselves."~ Arnold quotes his own definition of God as
"the enduring power, not ourselves, which makes for righteousness." See
_Literature and Dogma_, chap. I.
[383] The opening sentence of a famous criticism of the _Excursion_
published in the _Edinburgh Review_ for November, 1814, no. 47. It was
written by ~Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey~ (1773-1850), Scottish judge
and literary critic, and first editor of the _Edinburgh Review_.
PAGE 238
[384] _Macbeth_, III, ii.
[385] _Paradise Lost_, VII, 23-24.
[386] _The Recluse_, l. 831.
PAGE 239
[387] From Burns's _A Bard's Epitaph_.
PAGE 240
[388] The correct title is _The Solitary Reaper_.
SWEETNESS AND LIGHT
PAGE 242
[389] This selection is the first chapter of _Culture and Anarchy_. It
originally formed a part of the last lecture delivered by Arnold as
Professor of Poetry at Oxford. _Culture and Anarchy_ was first printed
in _The Cornhill Magazine_, July 1867,-August, 1868, vols. XVI-XVIII. It
was published as a book in 1869.
[390] For ~Sainte-Beuve~, see _The Study of Poetry, Selections_, Note 2,
p. 56.[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 65 in this e-text.]
The article referred to appeared in the _Quarterly Review_ for January,
1866, vol. CXIX, p. 80. It finds fault with Sainte-Beuve's lack of
conclusiveness, and describes him as having "spent his life in fitting
his mind to be an elaborate receptacle for well-arranged doubts." In
this respect a comparison is made with Arnold's "graceful but perfectly
unsatisfactory essays."
PAGE 243
[391] From Montesquieu's _Discours sur les motifs qui doivent nous
encourager aux sciences, prononcé le 15 Novembre, 1725_. Montesquieu's
_Oeuvres complètes_, ed. Laboulaye, VII, 78.
PAGE 244
[392] ~Thomas Wilson~ (1663-1755) was consecrated Bishop of Sodor and
Man in 1698. His episcopate was marked by a number of reforms in the
Isle of Man. The opening pages of Arnold's _Preface_ to _Culture and
Anarchy_ are devoted to an appreciation of Wilson. He says: "On a lower
range than the _Imitation_, and awakening in our nature chords less
poetical and delicate, the _Maxims_ of Bishop Wilson are, as a religious
work, far more solid. To the most sincere ardor and unction, Bishop
Wilson unites, in these _Maxims_, that downright honesty and plain good
sense which our English race has so powerfully applied to the divine
impossibilities of religion; by which it has brought religion so much
into practical life, and has done its allotted part in promoting upon
earth the kingdom of God."
[393] ~will of God prevail~. _Maxim_ 450 reads: "A prudent Christian
will resolve at all times to sacrifice his inclinations to reason, and
his reason to the will and word of God."
PAGE 247
[394] From Bishop Wilson's _Sacra Privata_, Noon Prayers, _Works_, ed.
1781, I, 199.
PAGE 248
[395] ~John Bright~ (1811-89) was a leader with Cobden in the agitation
for repeal of the Corn Laws and other measures of reform, and was one of
England's greatest masters of oratory.
[396] ~Frederic Harrison~ (1831-), English jurist and historian, was
president of the English Positivist Committee, 1880-1905. His _Creed of
a Layman_ (1907) is a statement of his religious position.
PAGE 249
[397] See _The Function of Criticism, Selections_, Note 2, p. 37.
[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 38 in this e-text.]
PAGE 253
[398] 1 Tim., IV, 8.
[399] The first of the "Rules of Health and Long Life" in _Poor
Richard's Almanac_ for December, 1742. The quotation should read: "as
the Constitution of thy Body allows of."
[400] Epictetus, _Encheiridion_, chap. XLI.
[401] ~Sweetness and Light~. The phrase is from Swift's _The Battle of
the Books, Works_, ed. Scott, 1824, X, 240. In the apologue of the
Spider and the Bee the superiority of the ancient over the modern
writers is thus summarized: "Instead of dirt and poison we have rather
chose to fill our hives with honey and wax, thus furnishing mankind with
the two noblest of things, which are sweetness and light."
PAGE 256
[402] ~Independents~. The name applied in England during the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries to the denomination now known as
Congregationalists.
[403] From Burke's Speech on _Conciliation with America, Works_, ed.
1834, I, 187.
[404] 1 Pet., III, 8.
PAGE 258
[405] ~Epsom~. A market town in Surrey, where are held the famous Derby
races, founded in 1780.
PAGE 259
[406] Sallust's _Catiline_, chap. LII, § 22.
[407] The ~Daily Telegraph~ was begun in June, 1855, as a twopenny
newspaper. It became the great organ of the middle classes and has been
distinguished for its enterprise in many fields. Up to 1878 it was
consistently Liberal in politics. It is a frequent object of Arnold's
irony as the mouthpiece of English philistinism.
PAGE 261
[408] ~Young Leo~ (or ~Leo Adolescens~) is Arnold's name for the typical
writer of the _Daily Telegraph_ (see above). He is a prominent character
of _Friendship's Garland_.
PAGE 262
[409] ~Edmond Beales~ (1803-81), political agitator, was especially
identified with the movement for manhood suffrage and the ballot, and
was the leading spirit in two large popular demonstrations in London in
1866.
[410] ~Charles Bradlaugh~ (1833-91), freethought advocate and
politician. His efforts were especially directed toward maintaining the
freedom of the press in issuing criticisms on religious belief and
sociological questions. In 1880 he became a Member of Parliament, and
began a long and finally successful struggle for the right to take his
seat in Parliament without the customary oath on the Bible.
[411] ~John Henry Newman~ (1801-90) was the leader of the Oxford
Movement in the English Church. His _Apologia pro Vita Sua_ (1864) was a
defense of his religious life and an account of the causes which led him
from Anglicanism to Romanism. For his hostility to Liberalism see the
_Apologia_, ed. 1907, pp. 34, 212, and 288.
[412] _Æneid_, I, 460.
PAGE 263
[413] ~The Reform Bill of 1832~ abolished fifty-six "rotten" boroughs
and made other changes in representation to Parliament, thus
transferring a large share of political power from the landed
aristocracy to the middle classes.
[414] ~Robert Lowe~ (1811-92), afterwards Viscount Sherbrooke, held
offices in the Board of Education and Board of Trade. He was liberal,
but opposed the Reform Bill of that party in 1866-67. His speeches on
the subject were printed in 1867.
PAGE 266
[415] ~Jacobinism~. The _Société des Jacobins_ was the most famous of
the political clubs of the French Revolution. Later the term ~Jacobin~
was applied to any promulgator of extreme revolutionary or radical
opinions.
[416] See _ante_, Note 2, p. 248.
[417] ~Auguste Comte~ (1798-1857), French philosopher and founder of
Positivism. This system of thought attempts to base religion on the
verifiable facts of existence, opposes devotion to the study of
metaphysics, and substitutes the worship of Humanity for supernatural
religion.
[418] ~Richard Congreve~ (1818-99) resigned a fellowship at Oxford in
1855, and devoted the remainder of his life to the propagation of the
Positive philosophy.
PAGE 267
[419] ~Jeremy Bentham~ (1748-1832), philosopher and jurist, was leader
of the English school of Utilitarianism, which recognizes "the greatest
happiness of the greatest number" as the proper foundation of morality
and legislation.
[420] ~Ludwig Preller~ (1809-61), German philologist and antiquarian.
PAGE 268
[421] ~Book of Job~. Arnold must have read Franklin's piece hastily,
since he has mistaken a bit of ironic trifling for a serious attempt to
rewrite the Scriptures. The _Proposed New Version of the Bible_ is
merely a bit of amusing burlesque in which six verses of the Book of Job
are rewritten in the style of modern politics. According to Mr. William
Temple Franklin the _Bagatelles_, of which the _Proposed New Version_ is
a part, were "chiefly written by Dr. Franklin for the amusement of his
intimate society in London and Paris." See Franklin's _Complete Works_,
ed. 1844, II, 164.
[422] ~The Deontology~, or _The Science of Morality_, was arranged and
edited by John Bowring, in 1834, two years after Bentham's death, and it
is doubtful how far it represents Bentham's thoughts.
[423] ~Henry Thomas Buckle~ (1821-62) was the author of the _History of
Civilization in England_, a book which, though full of inaccuracies, has
had a great influence on the theory and method of historical writing.
[424] ~Mr. Mill~. See _Marcus Aurelius, Selections_, Note 2, p. 145.
[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 183 in this e-text.]
PAGE 269
[425] The article from which Arnold quotes these extracts is not
Frederic Harrison's _Culture: A Dialogue_, but an earlier essay in the
_Fortnightly Review_ for March 1, 1867, called _Our Venetian
Constitution_, See pages 276-77 of the article.
PAGE 271
[426] ~Peter Abelard~ (1079-1142) was a scholastic philosopher and a
leader in the more liberal thought of his day.
[427] ~Gotthold Ephraim Lessing~ (1729-81), German critic and dramatist.
His best-known writings are the epoch-making critical work, _Laokoön_
(1766), and the drama _Minna van Barnhelm_ (1767). His ideas were in the
highest degree stimulating and fruitful to the German writers who
followed him.
[428] ~Johann Gottfried von Herder~ (1744-1803), a voluminous and
influential German writer, was a pioneer of the Romantic Movement. He
championed adherence to the national type in literature, and helped to
found the historical method in literature and science.
PAGE 272
[429] _Confessions of St. Augustine_, XIII, 18, 22, Everyman's
Library ed., p. 326.
HEBRAISM AND HELLENISM
PAGE 273
[430] The present selection comprises chapter IV, of _Culture and
Anarchy_. In the preceding chapter Arnold has been pointing out the
imperfection of the various classes of English society, which he
describes as "Barbarians, Philistines, and Populace." For the correction
of this imperfection he pleads for "some public recognition and
establishment of our best self, or right reason." In chapter III, he has
shown how "our habits and practice oppose themselves to such a
recognition." He now proposes to find, "beneath our actual habits and
practice, the very ground and cause out of which they spring." Then
follows the selection here given.
Professor Gates has pointed out the fact that Arnold probably borrows
the terms here contrasted from Heine. In _Über Ludwig Börne_ (_Werke_,
ed. Stuttgart, X, 12), Heine says: "All men are either Jews or Hellenes,
men ascetic in their instincts, hostile to culture, spiritual fanatics,
or men of vigorous good cheer, full of the pride of life, Naturalists."
For Heine's own relation to Hebraism and Hellenism, see the present
selection, p. 275.
[431] See _Sweetness and Light, Selections_, Note 1, p. 244.
[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 392 in this e-text.] _Maxim_ 452
reads: "Two things a Christian will never do--never go against the best
light he has, this will prove his sincerity, and, 2, to take care that
his light be not darkness, i.e., that he mistake not his rule by which
he ought to go."
PAGE 274
[432] 2 Pet. I, 4.
[433] ~Frederick William Robertson~ (1816-53) began his famous ministry
at Brighton in 1847. He was a man of deep spirituality and great
sincerity. The latter part of his life was clouded by opposition roused
by his sympathy with the revolutionary ideas of the 1848 epoch and by
the mental trouble which eventually resulted in his death. The sermon
referred to seems to be the first Advent Lecture on _The Greek_. Arnold
objects to Robertson's rather facile summarizing. Four characteristics
are mentioned as marking Grecian life and religion: restlessness,
worldliness, worship of the beautiful, and worship of the human. The
second of these has three results, disappointment, degradation,
disbelief in immortality.
PAGE 275
[434] ~Heinrich Heine~. See _Heine, Selections_, pp. 112-144.
[Transcriber's note: This section begins at the text reference for
Footnote 135 in this e-text.]
[435] Prov. XXIX, 18.
[436] Ps. CXII, 1.
PAGE 277
[437] Rom. III, 31.
[438] Zech. IX, 13.
[439] Prov. XVI, 22.
[440] John I, 4-9; 8-12; Luke II, 32, etc.
[441] John VIII, 32.
[442] _Nichomachæan Ethics_, bk. II, chap. III.
[443] Jas. I, 25.
[444] _Discourses of Epictetus_, bk. II, chap. XIX, trans. Long, I,
214 ff.
PAGE 278
[445] ~Learning to die~. Arnold seems to be thinking of _Phædo_, 64,
_Dialogues_, II, 202: "For I deem that the true votary of philosophy is
likely to be misunderstood by other men; they do not perceive that he is
always pursuing death and dying; and if this be so, and he has had the
desire of death all his life long, why when his time comes should he
repine at that which he has been always pursuing and desiring?" Plato
goes on to show that life is best when it is most freed from the
concerns of the body. Cf. also _Phædrus_ (_Dialogues_, II, 127) and
_Gorgias_ (_Dialogues_, II, 369).
[446] 2 Cor. V, 14.
[447] See Aristotle, _Nichomachæan Ethics_, bk. X, chaps. VIII, IX.
[448] _Phædo_, 82D, _Dialogues_, I, 226.
PAGE 279
[449] Xenophon's _Memorabilia_, bk. IV, chap. VIII, § 6.
PAGE 280
[450] ~Edward Bouverie Pusey~ (1800-82), English divine and leader of
the High Church party in the Oxford Movement.
PAGE 281
[451] Zech. VIII, 23.
[452] ~my Saviour banished joy~. The sentence is an incorrect quotation
from George Herbert's _The Size_, the fifth stanza of which begins:--
"Thy Savior sentenced joy,
And in the flesh condemn'd it as unfit,--
At least in lump."
[453] Eph. V, 6.
PAGE 282
[454] The first two books.[Arnold.]
[455] See Rom. III, 2.
[456] See Cor. III, 19.
PAGE 283
[457] ~Phædo~. In this dialogue Plato attempts to substantiate the
doctrine of immortality by narrating the last hours of Socrates and his
conversation on this subject when his own death was at hand.
PAGE 284
[458] ~Renascence~. I have ventured to give to the foreign word
_Renaissance_--destined to become of more common use amongst us as the
movement which it denotes comes, as it will come, increasingly to
interest us,--an English form.[Arnold.]
EQUALITY
PAGE 289
[459] This essay, originally an address delivered at the Royal
Institution, was published in the _Fortnightly Review_, for March, 1878,
and reprinted in _Mixed Essays_, 1879. In the present selection the
opening pages have been omitted. Arnold begins with a statement of
England's tendency to maintain a condition of inequality between
classes. This is reinforced by the English freedom of bequest, a freedom
greater than in most of the Continental countries. The question of the
advisability of altering the English law of bequest is a matter not of
abstract right, but of expediency. That the maintenance of inequality is
expedient for English civilization and welfare is generally assumed.
Whether or not this assumption is well founded, Arnold proposes to
examine in the concluding pages. As a preliminary step he defines
civilization as the humanization of man in society. Then follows the
selected passage.
[460] ~Isocrates~. An Attic orator (436-338 B.C.). He was an ardent
advocate of Greek unity. The passage quoted occurs in the _Panegyricus_,
§ 50, _Orations_, ed. 1894, p. 67.
PAGE 290
[461] ~Giacomo Antonelli~ (1806-76), Italian cardinal. From 1850 until
his death his activity was chiefly devoted to the struggle between the
Papacy and the Italian Risorgimento.
PAGE 291
[462] ~famous passage~. The _Introduction_ to his _Age of Louis XIV_.
PAGE 293
[463] ~Laveleye~. See _George Sand_, _Selections_, Note 2, p. 212.
[Transcriber's note: This is Footnote 336 in this e-text.]