earthquake at Lisbon, 210.
Kelihau on the ancient sea-line of the coast of Spitzbergen, 296.
Kepler on the distances of stars, 88; on the density of the planets, 93; law
of progression, 95; on the number of comets, 99; shooting stars, 113; on the
obscuration of the sun's disk, 132; on the radiations of heat from the fixed
stars, 136; on a solar atmosphere, 139.
Kloden, shooting stars, 119, 124.
Knowledge, superficial, evils of, 43.
Krug of Nidda, temperature of the Geyser and the Strokr intermittent
fountains, 222.
Krusenstern, Admiral, on the train of a fire-ball, 114.
Kuopho, a Chinese physicist on the attraction of the magnet, and of amber,
168.
Kupffer, magnetic stations in Northern Asia, 191.
Lamanon, 187.
Lambert, suggestion that the direction of the wind be compared with the
height of the barometer, alterations of temperature, humidity, etc., 315.
Lamont, mass of Uranus, 93; satellites of Saturn, 96.
Language and thought, their mutual alliance, 56; author's praise of his
native language, 56.
Languages, importance of their study, 357, 359.
Laplace, his "Systeme du Monde," 48, 62, 92, 141; mass of the comet of 1770,
107; on the required velocity of masses projected from the Moon, 121, 122;
on the altitude of the boundaries of the atmosphere of cosmical bodies, 141;
zodiacal light, 141; lunar inequalities, 166; the Earth's form and size
inferred from lunar inequalities, 168, 169; his estimate of the mean height
of mountains, 301; density of the ocean required to be less than the earth's
for the stability of its equilibrium, 305; results of his perfect theory of
tides, 306.
Latin writers, their use of the term "Mundus," 70, 71.
Latitudes, Northern, obstacles they present to a discovery of the laws of
Nature, 36; earliest acquaintance with the governing forces of the physical
world, there displayed, 36; spread from thence of the germs of civilization,
36.
Latitudes, tropical, their advantages for the contemplation of nature, 33;
powerful impressions, from their organic richness and fertility, 34;
facilities they present for a knowledge of the laws of nature, 35; brilliant
display of shooting stars, 113.
Laugier, his calculations to prove Halley's comet identical with the comet
of 1378, described in Chinese tables, 109.
Lava, its mineral composition, 234.
Lavoisier, 62.
Lawrence (St.), fiery tears, 124; meteoric stream, 125.
Leibnitz, his conjecture that the planets increase in volume in proportion
to their increase of distance from the Sun, 93.
Lenz, observations on the mean level of the Caspian Sea, 297; maxims of
density of the oceanic temperature, 304; temperature and density of the
ocean under different zones of latitude and longitude, 306.
Leonhard, Karl von, assumption on formations of granular limestone, 263.
Leverrier, planet Neptune. See Translator's note, 90, 91.
Lewy, observations on the varying quantity of oxygen in the atmosphere,
according to local conditions, or the seasons, 311, 312.
Lichtenberg, on meteoric stones, 118.
Liebig on traces of ammonical vapors in the atmosphere, 311.
Light, chromatic polarization of, 52; transmission, 88; of comets, 104-106;
of fixed stars, 105; extraordinary lightness, instances of, 142-144;
propagation of 153; speed of transit, 153, 154. See Aurora, Zodiacal Light,
etc.
Lignites or beds of brown coal, 283, 284.
Lines, isogonic (magnetic equal deviation), 177, 181-185; isoclinal
(magnetis equal inclination), 178, 179, 181-185; isodynamic (or magnetic
equal force), 181, 185-194; isogeothermal (chthonisothermal), 219;
isobarometric, 315; isothermal, isotheral, and isochimenal, 317, 327, 328,
358.
Line of no variation of horary declination, 183; lower limit of perpetual
snow, 329-332; phosphorescent, 113.
Lisbon, earthquake of, 210, 211, 213, 214.
Lord on the limits of the snow-line on the Himalayas, 32.
Lottin, his observations of the Aurora, with Bravais and Siljerstrom, on the
coast of Lapland, 195, 200, 201.
Lowenorn, recognized the coruscation of the polar light in bright sunshine,
196.
Lyell, Charles, investigations on the numerical relations of extinct and
organic life, 274, 275; nether-formed or hypogene rocks, 249; uniformity of
the production of erupted rocks, 257. See notes by Translator, 203, 244,
257.
Mackenzie, description of a remarkable eruption in Iceland, 236.
Maclear on a Centauri, 88; parallaxes and distances of fixed stars, 153;
increase in brightness of 'pi' Argo, 153.
Madler, planetary compression of Uranus, 96; distance of the innermost
satellite of Saturn from the centre of that planet, 97; material contents of
the Moon, 96; its libration, 98; mean depression of temperature on the three
cold days of May (11th-13th), 133; conjecture that the average mass of the
larger number of binary stars exceeds the mass of the Sun, 149.
Magellanic clouds, 85.
Magnetic attraction, 188; declination, 181-183; horary motion, 177-180;
horary variations 183, 190; magnetic storms, 177, 179, 195, 199; their
intimate connection with the Aurora, 193-201; represented by three systems
of lines, see Lines; movement of oval systems, 182; magnetic equator,
183-185; magnetic poles, 183, 184; observatories, 190-192; magnetic
stations, 190, 191, 317.
Magnetism, terrestrial, 177-193, 201; electro, 177-191.
Magnussen, Soemund, description of remarkable eruption in Iceland, 236.
Mahlmann, Wilhelm, south west direction of the aërial current in the middle
latitudes of the temperate zone, 317.
Mairan on the zodiacal light, 138, 139, 142; his opinion that the Sun is a
nebulous star, 141.
Malapert, annular mountain, 98.
Malle, Dureau de la, 223.
Man, general view of, 351-359; proofs of the flexibility of his nature, 27;
results of his intellectual progress, 53, 54; geographical distribution of
races, 351-356; on the assumption of superior and inferior races, 351-358;
his gradual recognition of the bond of humanity, 358, 359.
Mantell, Dr., his "Wonders of Geology," see notes by Translator, 45, 64,
203, 274, 278, 281, 283, 284, 287; "Medals of Creation," 46, 271, 283, 287.
Margarita Philosophica by Gregory Reisch, 58.
Marius, Simon, first described the nebulous spots in Andromeda and Orion,
138.
Martins, observations on polar bands, 198; found that air collected at
Faulhorn contained as much oxygen as the air of Paris, 312; on the
distribution of the quantity of rain in Central Europe, 333; doubts on the
greater dryness of mountain air, 334.
Matthessen, letter to Arago on the zodiacal light, 142.
Mathieu on the augmented intensity of the attraction of gravitation in
volcanic islands, 167.
Mayer, Tobias, on the motion of the solar system, 146, 148.
Mean numerical values, their necessity in modern physical science, 81.
Melloni, his discoveries on radiating heat and electro-magnetism, 49.
Menzel, unedited work by, on the flora of Japan, 347.
Messier, comet, 108; nebulous spot resembling our starry stratum, 151.
Metamorphic Rocks. See Rocks.
Meteorology, 311-339.
Meteors, see Aërolites; meteoric infusoria, 345, 346.
Methone, Hill of, 240.
Meyen on forming a thermal scale of cultivation, 324; on the reproductive
organs of liverworts and algae, 341.
Meyer, Hermann von, on the organization of flying saurians, 274.
Milky Way, its figure, 89; views of Aristotle on, 103; vast telescopic
breadth, 150; Milky Way of nebulous spots at right angles with that of the
stars, 151.
Minerals, artificially formed, 268, 269.
Mines, greatest depth of, 157, 159; temperature, 158.
Mist, phosphorescent, 142.
Mitchell, protracted earthquake shocks in North America, 211.
Mitscherlich on the chemical origin of iron glance in volcanic masses, 234;
chemical combinations, a means of throwing a clear light on geognosy, 256;
on gypsum, as a uniaxal crystal, 259; experiments on the simultaneously
opposite actions of heat on crystalline bodies, 259; formation of crystals
of mica, 260; on artificial mineral products, 268, 271.
Mofettes (exhalations of carbonic acid gas), 215-219.
Monsoons (Indian), 316, 317.
Monticelli on the current of hydrochloric acid from the crater of Vesuvius,
235; crystals of mica found in the lava of Vesuvius, 260.
Moon, the, its relative magnitude, 96; density, 96; distance from the earth,
97; its libration, 98, 163; its light compared with that of the Aurora, 201,
202; volcanic action in, 228.
Moons or satellites, their diameter, distances, rotation, etc., 95-99.
Morgan, John H. "on the Aurora Borealis of Oct. 24, 1847." See Translator's
notes, 194, 199.
Morton, Samuel George, his magnificent work on the American Races, 362.
Moser's images, 202.
Mountains, in Asia, America, and Europe, their altitude, scenery, and
vegetation, 27-30, 238, 347; their influence on climate, natural
productions, and on the human race, its trade, civilization, and social
condition, 291, 292, 299, 300, 327; zones of vegetation on the declivities
of 29, 30, 327-329; snow-line of, 30-33, 330, 331.
Mud volcanoes. See Salses and Volcanoes.
Muller, Johannes, on the modifications of plants and aniimals within certain
limitations, 353.
Muncke on the appearance of Auroras in certain districts, 198.
Murchison, Sir R., account of a large fissure through which melaphyre had
been ejected, 258; classification of fossiliferous strata, 277; on the age
of the Palaeosaurus and Thecodontosaurus of Bristol, 274.
Muschenbroek on the frequency of meteors in August, 125.
Myndius, Apollonius, on the Pythagorean doctrine of comets, 103, 104.
Nature, result of a rational inquiry into, 25; emotions excited by her
contemplation, 25; striking scenes, 26; their sources of enjoyment, 26, 27;
magnificence of the tropical scenery, 33, 34, 35, 344; religious impulses
from a communion with nature, 37; obstacles to an active spirit of inquiry,
37; mischief of inaccurate observations, 38; higher enjoyments of her study,
38; narrow-minded views of nature, 38; lofty impressions produced on the
minds of laborious observers, 40; nature defined, 41; her studies
inexhaustible, 41; general observations, their great advantages, 42; how to
be correctly comprehended, 72; her most vivid impressions earthly, 82.
Nature, philosophy of, 24, 37; physical description of, 66, 67, 73.
Nebulae, 84-86; nebulous Milky Way at right angles with that of the stars,
150-153; nebulous spots, conjectures on, 83-86; nebulous stars and planetary
nebulae, 85, 151, 152; nebulous vapor, 83-86, 87, 152; their supposed
condensation in conformity with the laws of attraction, 84.
Neilson, gradual depression of the southern part of Sweden, 295.
Nericat, Andrea de, popular belief in Syria on the fall of aerolites, 123.
Newton, discussed the question on the difference between the attraction of
masses and molecular attraction, 63; Newtonian axiom confirmed by Bessel,
64; his edition of the Geography of Varenius, 66; Principia Mathematica, 67;
considered the planets to be composed of the same matter with the Earth,
132; compression of the Earth, 165.
Nicholl, J. P., note from his account of the planet Neptune, 90, 91.
Nicholson, observations of lighting clouds, unaccompanied by thunder or
indications of storm, 337.
Nobile, Antonio, experiments of the height of the barometer, and its
influence on the level of the sea, 298.
Noggerath counted 792 annual rings in the trunk of a tree at Bonn, 283.
Nordmann on the existence of animalcules in the fluids of the eyes of
fishes, 345.
Norman, Robert, invented the inclinatorium, 179.
Observations, scientific, mischief of inaccurate, 38; tendency of
unconnected, 40.
Ocean, general view of, 292-311; its extent as compared with the dry land,
288, 289; its depth, 160, 302; tides, 304, 305; decreasing temperature at
increased depths, 302; uniformity and constancy of temperature in the same
spaces, 303; its currents and their various causes, 306-309; its
phosphorescence in the torrid zone, 202; its action on climate, 303,
319-320; influence on the mental and social condition of the human race,
162, 291, 292, 294, 310; richness of its organic life, 300, 310; oceanic
microscopic forms, 342, 343; sentiments excited by its contemplation, 310.
Oersted, electro-magnetic discoveries, 188, 191.
Olbers, comets, 104, 109; aerolites, 114, 118; on their planetary velocity,
121; on the supposed phenomena of ascending shooting stars, 123; their
periodic return in August, 125; November stream, 126; prediction of a
brilliant fall of shooting stars in Nov., 1867, 127; absence of fossil
meteoric stones in secondary and tertiary formations, 131; zodiacal light,
its vibration through the tails of comets, 143; on the transparency of
celestial space, 152.
Olmsted, Denison of New Haven, Connecticut, observations of aerolites, 113,
118, 119, 124.
Oltmanns, Herr, observed continuously with Humboldt, at Berlin, the
movements of the declination needle, 190, 191.
Ovid, his description of the volcanic Hill of Methone, 240.
Oviedo describes the weed of the Gulf Stream as Praderias de yerva (sea weed
meadows), 308.
Palaeontology, 270-284.
Pallas, meteoric iron, 131.
Palmer, New Haven, Connecticut, on the prodigious swarm of shooting stars,
Nov. 12 and 13, 1833, 124; on the non-appearance in certain years of the
August and November fall of aerolites, 129.
Parallaxes of fixed stars, 88, 89; of the solar system, 145, 146.
Perry, Capt., on Auroras, their connection with magnetic perturbations, 197,
201; whether attended with any sound, 200; seen to continue throughout the
day, 197; barometric observation at Port Bowen, 314, 315; rarity of electric
explosions in northern regions, 337.
Patricius, St., his accurate conjectures on the hot springs of Carthage,
223, 224.
Peltier on the actual source of atmospheric electricity, 335, 336.
Pendulum, its scientific uses, 44; experiments with, 64, 166, 169, 170;
employed to investigate the curvature of the earth's surface, 165; local
attraction, its influence on the pendulum, and geognostic knowledge deduced
from, 44, 45, 167, 168; experiments of Bessel, 64.
Pentland, his measurements of the Andes, 28.
Percy, Dr., on minerals artifically produced. See note by Translator, 268.
Permian system of Murchison, 277.
Perouse, La, expedition of, 186.
Persia, great comet seen in (1608), 139, 140.
Pertz on the large aerolite that fell in the bed of the River Narni, 116.
Peters, Dr., velocity of stones projected from Aetna, 122.
Peucati, Count Mazari, partial infection of calcareous beds by the contact
of syenitic granite in the Tyrol, 262.
Phillips on the temperature of a coalmine at increasing depths, 174.
Philolaus, his astronomical studies, 65; his fragmentary writings, 68-71.
Philosophy of nature, first germ, 37.
Phosphorescence of the sea in the torrid zones, 202.
Physics, their limits, 50; influence of physical science on the wealth and
prosperity of nations, 53; province of physical science, 59; distinction
betweeen the physical 'history' and physical 'description' of the world, 71,
72; physical science, characteristics of its modern progress, 81.
Pindar, 227.
Plans, geodesic experiments in Lombardy, 168.
Planets, 89-99; present number discovered, 90. (See note by Translator on
the most recent discoveries, 90, 91); Sir Isaac Newton on their composition,
132; limited physical knowledge of, 156, 157; Ceres, 64-92; Earth, 88-99;
Juno, 64, 92-97, 106; Jupiter, 64, 87, 92-98, 202; Mars, 87, 91-94, 132;
Mercury, 87, 92-94; Pallas, 64, 92; Saturn, 87, 92-94; Venus, 91-94, 202;
Uranus, 90-94; planets which have the largest number of moons, 95, 96.
Plants, geographical distribution of, 346-350.
Plato on the heavenly bodies, etc., 69; interpretation of nature, 163; his
geognostic views on hot springs, and volcanic igneous streams, 237, 238.
Pliny the elder, his Natural History, 73; on comets, 104; aerolites, 122,
123, 130; magnetism, 180; attraction of amber, 188; on earthquakes, 205,
207; on the flame of inflammable gas, in the district of Phasells, 223;
rarity of jasper, 261; on the configuration of Africa, 292.
Pliny the younger, his description of the great eruption of Mount Vesuvius,
and the phenomenon of volcanic ashes, 235.
Plutarch, truth of his conjecture that falling stars are celestial bodies,
133, 134.
Poisson on the planet Jupiter, 64; conjecture on the spontaneous ignition of
meteoric stones, 118; zodiacal light, 141; theory on the earth's
temperature, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177.
Polarization, chromatic, results of its discovery, 52; experiments on the
light of comets, 105, 106.
Polybius, 291.
Posidonius on the Ligyran field of stones, 115, 116.
Pouilet on the actual source of atmospheric electricity, 335.
Prejudices against science, how originated, 38; against the study of the
exact sciences, why fallacious, 40-52.
Prichard, his physical history of Mankind, 352.
Pseudo-Plato, 54.
Psychrometer, 332, 338.
Pythagoras, first employed the word Cosmos in its modern sense, 69.
Pythagoreans, their study of the heavenly bodies, 65; doctrine on comets,
103.
Quarterly Review, article on Terrestrial Magnetism, 192.
Quetelet on aerolites, 114; their periodic return in August, 125.
Races, human, their geographical distribution, and unity, 351, 359.
Rain drops, temperature of, 220; mean annual quantity in the two
hemispheres, 333, 334.
Reich, mean density of the earth, as ascertained by the torsion balance,
170; temperature of the mines in Saxony, 174.
Reisch, Gregory, his "Margarita Philosophica," 58.
Remusat, Abel, Mongolian tradition on the fall of an aerolite, 116; active
volcanoes in Central Asia, at great distances from the sea, 245.
Richardson, magnetic phenomena attending the Aurora, 197; whether
accompanied by sound 200; influence on the magnetic needle of the Aurora,
201.
Riohamba, earthquake at, 204, 205, 208, 213, 214.
Ritter, Carl, on his "Geography in relation to Nature and the History of
Man," 48, 67.
Robert, Eugene, on the ancient sea-line on the coast of Spitzbergen, 296.
Robertson on the permanency of the compass in Jamaica, 181.
Rocks, their nature and configuration, 228; geognostical classification into
four groups, 248-251; i. rocks of eruption, 248, 251-253; ii. sedimentary
rocks, 248, 254, 255; iii. transformed, or metamorphic rocks, 248, 259, 255,
256-269; iv. conglomerates, or rocks of detritus, 269, 270; their changes
from the action of heat, 258, 259; phenomena of contact, 258-269; effects of
pressure and the rapidity of cooling, 258, 267.
Rose, Gustav, on the chemical elements, etc., of various aerolites, 131; on
the structural relations of volcanic rocks, 254; on crystals of feldspar and
albite found in granite, 251; relations of position in which granite occurs,
252-269; chemical process in the formation of various minerals, 265-269.
Ross, Sir James, his soundings with 27,000 feet of line, 160; magnetic
observations at the South Pole, 187; important results of the Antarctic
magnetic expedition in 1839, 192; rarity of electric explosions in high
northern regions, 337.
Rossell, M. de, his magnetic oscillation experiments, and their date of
publication, 186, 187.
Rothmann, confounded the setting zodiscal light with the cessation of
twilight, 143.
Rozier, observation of a steady luminous appearance in the clouds, 202.
Rumker, Encke's comet, 106.
Ruppell denies the existence of active volcanoes in Kordofan, 245.
Sabine, Edward, observations on days of unusual magnetic disturbances, 178;
recent magnetic observations, 184, 185, 187, 188.
Sagra, Ramon de la, observations on the mean annual quantity of rain in the
Havana, 333.
Saint Pierre, Bernardin de, Paul and Virginia, 26; Studies of Nature, 347.
Salses or mud volcanoes, 224-228; striking phenomena attending their origin,
224, 225.
Salt works, depth of 158, 159; temperature, 174.
Santorino, the most important of the islands of eruption, 241, 242;
description of. See note by Translator, 241.
Sargasso Sea, its situation, 308.
Satellites revolving round the primary planets, their diameter, distance,
rotation, etc., 94, 99; Saturn's 96-98, 127' Earth's see Moon, Jupiter's,
96, 97; Uranus, 96-98.
Saurians, flying, fossil remains of, 274, 275.
Saussure, measurements of the marginal ledge of the crater of Mount
Vesuvius, 232; traces of ammoniacal vapors in the atmosphere, 311;
hygrometric measurements with Humboldt, 334-336.
Schayer, microscopic organisms in the ocean, 342, 343.
Scheerer on the identity of eleolite and nepheline, 253.
Schelling on nature, 55; quotation from his Giordino Bruino, 77.
Scheuchzner's fossil salamander, conjectured to be an antediluvian man, 274.
Schiller, quotation from, 36.
Schnurrer on the obscuration of the sun's disk, 133.
Schouten, Cornelius, in 1616 found the declination null in the Pacific, 182.
Schouw, distribution of the quantity of rain in Central Europe, 333.
Schrieber on the fragmentary character of meteoric stones, 117.
Scientific researches, their frequent result, 50; scientific knowledge a
requirement of the present age, 53, 54; scientific terms, their vagueness
and misapplication, 58, 68.
Scina, Abbate, earthquakes unconnected with the state of the weather, 206,
207.
Scoresby, rarity of electric explosions in high northern regions, 337.
Sea. See Ocean.
Seismometer, the, 205.
Seleucus of Erythrea, his astronomical studies, 65.
Seneca, noticed the direction of the tails of comets, 102; his views on the
nature and paths of comets, 103, 104; omens drawn from their sudden
appearance, 111; the germs of later observations on earthquakes found in his
writings, 207; problematical extinction and sinking of Mount Aetna, 227, 240.
Shoals, atmospheric indications of their vicinity, 309.
Sidereal systems, 89, 90.
Siljerstrom, his observations on the Aurora, with Lottin and Bravais, on the
coast of Lapland, 195.
Sirowatskoi, "Wood Hills" in New Siberia, 281.
Snow-line of the Himalayas, 30-33, 331, 334; of the Andes, 330; redness of
long-fallen snow, 344.
Solar system, general description, 90-154; its position in space, 89; its
transistory motion, 145-150.
Solinus on mud volcanoes, 225.
Sommering on the fossil remains of the large vertebrata, 274.
Somerville, Mrs., on the volume of fire-balls and shooting stars, 116;
faintness of light of planetary nebulae, 141.
Southern celestial hemisphere, its picturesque beauty, 85, 86.
Spontaneous generation, 345, 346.
Springs, hot and cold, 219-225; intermittent, 219; causes of their
temperature, 220-222; thermal, 222, 345; deepest Artesian wells the warmest,
observed by Arago, 223; salses, 224-226; influence of earthquake shocks on
hot springs, 210, 222-224.
Stars, general account of, 85-90; fixed 89, 90, 104; double and multiple,
89, 147; nebulous, 85, 86, 151, 152; their translatory motion, 147-150;
parallaxes and distances, 147-149; computations of Bessel and Herschel on
their diameter and volume, 148; immense number in the Milky Way, 150, 151;
star dust, 85; star gaugings, 150; starless spaces, 150, 152; telescopic
stars, 152; velocity of the propagation of light of, 153, 154; apparition of
new stars, 153.
Storms, magnetic and volcanic. See Magnetism, Volcanoes.
Strabo, observed the cessation of shocks of erthquake on the eruption of
lava, 215; on the mode in which islands are formed, 227; description of the
Hill of Methone, 240; volcanic theory, 243; divined the existence of a
continent in the northern hemisphere between Theria and Thine, 289; extolled
the varied form of our small continent as favorable to the moral and
intellectual development of its people, 291, 292.
Struve, Otho, on the proper motion of the solar system, 146; investigations
on the propagation of light, 153; parallaxes and distances of fixed stars,
153; observations on Halley's comet, 105.
Studer, Professor, on mineral metamorphism. See note by Translator, 248.