admixture, 312; variation of pressure, 313-317; climatic distribution of
heat, 313, 317-328; distribution of humidity, 313, 328, 334; electric
condition, 314, 335-338.
p 363
August, his psychometer, 332.
Augustine, St., his views on spontaneous generation, 345, 346.
Aurora Borealis, general description of 193-202; origin and course, 195,
196; altitude, 199; brilliancy coincident with the fall of shooting stars,
126, 127; whether attended with crackling sound, 199, 200; intensity of the
light, 201.
Bacon, Lord, 53, 58; Novum Organon, 290.
Baer, Von, 337.
Barometer, the increase of its height attended by a depression of the level
of the sea, 298; horary oscillations of, 314, 315
Batten, Mr., letter on the snow-line of the two sides of the Himalayas, 331,
332.
Beaufort, Capt., observed the emissions of inflammable gas on the Caramanian
coast, as described by Pliny, 223. See also, note by Translator, 223.
Beaumont, Elie de, on the uplifting of mountain chains, 51, 300; influence
of the rocks of melaphyre and serpentine, on pendulum experiments, 167;
conjectures on the quartz strata of the Col de la Poissoniere, 266.
Baccaria, observation of steady luminous appearance in the clouds, 202; of
lightning clouds, unaccompanied by thunder or indication of storm, 337.
Beechey, Capt., 97; observations on the temperature and density of the water
of the ocean under different zones of longitude and latitude, 306.
Bembo, Cardinal, his observations on the eruptions of Mount Aetna, 229;
theory of the necessity of the proximity of volcanoes to the sea, 243;
vegetation on the declivity of Aetna, 347.
Berard, Capt., shooting stars, 119.
Berton, Count, his barometrical measurements of the Dead Sea, 296.
Berzelins on the chemical elements of aerolites, 130, 131.
Benzenberg on meteors and shooting stars, 119, 120; their periodic return in
Autgust, 125.
Bessel's theory on the oscillations of the pendulum, 44; pendulum
experiments, 64; on the parallax of 61 Cygni, 88; on Halley's comet, 102,
103, 104; on the ascent of shooting stars, 123; on their partial visibility,
128; velocity of the sun's translatory motion, 145; mass of the star 61
Cygni, 148; parallaxes and distances of fixed stars, 153; comparison of
measurements of degrees, 165, 166.
Biot on the phenomenon of twilight, 118; on the zodical light, 141; pendulum
experiments at Bordeaux, 170.
Biot, Edward, Chinese observations of comets, 101, 109; of aerolites, 128.
Bischof on the interior heat of the globe, 217, 219, 235, 244, 294.
Blumenbach, his classification of the races of men, 356.
Bockh, origin of the ancient myth of the Nemean lunar lion, 134, 135.
Boguslawski, falls of shooting stars, 119, 128.
Bonpland, M., and Humboldt, on the pelagic shells found on the ridge of the
Andes, 45.
Boussingault, on the depth at which is found the mean annual temperature
within the tropics, 175; on the volcanoes of New Granada, 217; on the
temperature of the earth in the tropics, 220, 221; temperature of the
thermal springs of Las Trincheras, 222; his investigations on the chemical
analysis of the atmosphere, 311, 312; on the mean annual quantity of rain in
different parts of South America, 333, 334.
Bouvard, M., 105; his observations on that portion of the horary
oscillations of the pressure of the atmosphere, which depends on the
attraction of the moon 313.
Bramidos y truenos of Guanaxuato, 209, 210.
Brandes, falls of shooting stars, 114, 116; height and velocity of shooting
stars, 120; their periodic falls, 125, 126.
Bravais, on the Aurora, 201; on the daily oscillations of the barometer in
70 degrees north latitude, 314; distribution of the quantity of rain in
Central Europe, 334; doubts on the greater dryness of mountain air, 334.
Brewster, Sir David, first detected the connection between the curvature of
magnetic lines and my isothermal lines, 193.
Brongniart, Adolphe, luxuriance of the primitive vegetable world, 218;
fossil flora contained in coal measures, 280.
Brongniart, Alexander, formation of ribbon jasper, 259; one of the founders
of the archaeology of organic life, 273.
Brown, Robert, first discoverer of molecular motion, 341.
Buch's, Leopold von, theory on the elevation of continents and mountain
chains, 45; on the craters and circular form of the island of Palma, 226; on
volcanoes, 234, 238, 242, 243, 247; on metamorphic rocks, 249-252, 260, 263,
264; on the origin of various conglomerates and rocks of detritus, 269;
classification of ammonites, 276, 277; physical causes of the elevation of
continents, 295; on the changes in height of the Swedish coasts, 295.
Buckland, 272; on the fossil flora of the coal measures, 279.
Buffon, his views on the geographical distribution of animals, 348.
Burckhardt, on the volcano of Medina, 246; on the hornitos de Jerullo, see
note by Translator, 230.
Burnes, Sir Alexander, on the purity of the atmosphere in Bokhara, 114;
propagation of shocks of earthquakes, 212.
p 365
Caile, La, pendulum measurements at the Cape of Good Hope, 169.
Caldas, quantity of rain at Santa Fe de Bogota, 334.
Camargo's MS. 'Historia de Tiascala', 140.
Capocci, his observations on periodic falls of aerolites, 126.
Carlini, geodesic experiments in Lombardy, 168; Mount Cenis, 170.
Carrara marble, 262, 263.
Carus, his definition of "Nature," 41.
Caspian Sea, its periodic rise and fall, 297.
Cassini, Dominicus, on the zodiacal light, 139, 140; hypothesis on 141; his
discovery of the spheroidal form of Jupiter, 164.
Cautley, Capt, and Dr. Falconer, discovery of gigantic fossils in the
Himalayas.
Cavanilles, first entertained the idea of seeing grass grow, 149.
Cavendish, use of the torsion balance to determine the mean density of the
Earth, 170.
Challis, Professor, on the Aurora, March 19 and Oct. 24th, 1847, see note by
Translator, 195, 199.
Chardin, noticed in Persia the famous comet of 1608, called "nyzek" or
"petite lance," 139.
Charpentier, M., belemnites found in the primitive limestone of the Col de
la Seigne, 261; glaciers, 329.
Chemistry as distinguished from physics, 62; chemical affinity, 63.
Chevandier, calculations on the carbon contained in the trees of the forests
of our temperate zones, 281.
Childrey first described the zodical light in his Britannia Baconica, 138.
Chinese accounts of comets, 99, 100, 101; shooting stars, 128: "fire
springs," 158; knowledge of the magnetic needle, 180; electro-magnetism,
188, 189.
Chladni on meteoric stones, etc., 118, 135; on the selenic origin of
aerolites, 121; on the supposed phenomenon of ascending shooting stars, 122;
on the obscuration of the Sun's disk, 133; sound-figures, 135; pulsations in
the tails of comets, 143.
Choiseul, his chart of Lemnos, 246.
Chromatic polarization. See Polarization.
Cirro-cumulus cloud. See Clouds.
Cirrous Strata. See Clouds.
Clark, his experiments on the variations of atmospheric electricity, 335,
336.
Clarke, J. G., of Maine, U.S., on the comet of 1843, 100.
Climatic distribution of heat, 313, 317-328; of humidity, 328, 333, 334.
Climatology, 317-329; climate, general sense of, 317, 318.
Clouds, their electric tension, color, and height, 236, 337; connection of
cirrous strata with the Aurora Borealis, 196; cirro-cumulus cloud, phenomena
of, 197; luminous, 202; Dove on their formation and appearance, 315, 316;
often present on a bright summer sky the "projected image" of the soil
below, 316; volcanic, 233.
Coal formations, ancient vegetable remains in, 280, 281.
Coal mines, depth of, 158-160.
Colebrooke on the snow-line of the two sides of the Himalayas, 31.
Colladon, electro-magnetic apparatus, 335.
Columbus, his remark that "the Earth is small and narrow," 164; found the
compass showed no variation in the Azores, 181, 182; of lava streams, 245;
noticed conifers and palms growing together in Cuba, 282; remarks in his
journal on the equatorial currents, 307; of the Sargasso Sea, 308; his
dream, 310, 311.
Comets, general description of, 99-112; Biela's 43, 86, 107, 108; Blaupain's
108; Clausen's 108; Encke's, 43, 64, 86, 107-108; Faye's 107, 108; Halley's,
43, 100, 102-109; Lexell's and Burchardt's 108, 110; Messier's 108;
Olbera's, 109; Pons's 109; famous one of 1608, seen in Persia, called
"nyzek," or "petit lance," 189; comet of 1843, 101; their nucleus and tail,
87, 100; small mass, 100; diversity of form, 100-103; light, 104-106;
velocity, 109; comets of short period, 107-109; long period, 109-110;
number, 99; Chinese observations on, 99-101; value of a knowledge of their
orbits, 43; possibility of collision of Blela's and Encke's comets, 107,
108; hypothesis of a resisting medium conjectured from the diminishing
period of the revolution of Encke's comet, 106; apprehensions of their
collision with the Earth, 108, 110, 111; their popular supposed influence on
the vintage, 111.
Compass, early use of by the Chinese, 180; permanency in the West Indies,
181.
Condamine, La, inscription on a marble tablet at the Jesuit's College, Quito
on the use of the pendulum as a measure of seconds, 166, 167.
Conde, notice of a heavy shower of shooting stars, Oct., 902, 119.
Coraboeuf and Delcrois, geodetic operations, 304.
Cordilleras, scenery of, 26, 29, 33; vegetation, 34, 35; intensity of the
zodiacal light, 137.
Cosmography, physical, its object and ultimate aims, 57-60; materials, 60.
Cosmos, the author's object, 38, 78; primitive signification and precise
definition of the word, 69; how employed by Greek and Roman writers, 69, 60;
derivation, 70.
Craters. See Volcanoes.
Curtius, Professor, his notes on the temperature of various springs in
Greece, 222, 223.
Cuvier, one of the founders of the archaeology of organic life, 273;
discovery of fossil crocodiles in the tertiary formations, 274.
Dainachos on the phenomena attending the fall of the stone of Aegos Potamos,
133, 134.
Dalman on the existence of Chionaea araneoides in polar snow, 344.
Dalton, observed the southern lights in England, 198.
Dante, quotation from, 322.
Darwin, Charles, fossil vegetation in the travertine of Van Diemen's Land,
224; central volcanoes regarded as volcanic chains of small extent on
parallel fissures, 238; instructive materials in the temperate zones of the
southern hemisphere for the study of the present and past geography of
plants, 282, 283; on the fiord formation at the southeast end of America,
293; on the elevation and depression of the bottom of the South Sea, 297;
rich luxuriance of animal life in the ocean, 309, 310; on the volcano of
Aconcagua, 330.
Daubeney on volcanos. See Translator's notes, 161, 203, 204, 210, 218, 224,
228, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 244, 245.
Daussy, his barometric expriments, 208; observations on the velocity of the
equatorial current, 307.
Davy, Sir Humphrey, hypothesis on active volcanic phenomena, 235; on the low
temperature of water on shoals, 309.
Dead Sea, its depression below the level of the Mediterranean, 296, 297.
Dechen, Von, on the depth of the coal-basin of Liege, 160.
Delcrois. See Coraboeuf.
Descartes, his fragments of a contemplated work, entitled "Monde," 68; on
comets, 139.
Deshayes and Lyell, their investigations on the numerical relations of
extinct and existing organic life, 275.
Dicaearchus, his "parallel of the diaphragm," 289.
Diogenes Laertius, on the aerolite of Aegos Potamos, 116, 122, 134.
D'Orbigny, fossil remains from the Himalaya and the Indian plains of Cutch,
277.
Dove on the similar action of the declination needle to the atmospheric
electrometer, 194; "law of rotation," 315; on the formation and appearance
of clouds, 316; on the difference between the true temperature of the
surface of the ground and the indications of a thermometer suspended in the
shade, 325; hygrometric windrose, 333.
Doyere, his beautiful experiments on the tenacity of life in animalcules,
345.
Drake, shaking of the earth for successive days in the United States
(1811-12), 211.
Dufrenoy et Elie de Beaumont, Geologie de la France, 253, 258, 259, 260,
262, 266.
Dumas, results of his chemical analysis of the atmosphere, 311.
Dunlop on the comet of 1825, 103.
Duperrey on the configuration of the magnetic equator, 183; pendulum
oscillations, 166.
Duprez, influence of trees on the intensity of electricity in the
atmosphere, 335.
Eandi, Vassalli, electric perturbation during the protracted earthquake of
Pignorol, 206.
Earth, survey of its crust, 72; relative magnitude, etc., in the solar
system, 95-97; general description of terrestrial phenomena, 154-360;
geographical distribution, 161, 162; its mean density, 169-172; internal
heat and temperature, 172-176; electro-magnetic activity, 177-193;
conjectures on its early high temperature, 172; interior increase of heat
with increasing depth, 161; greatest depths reached by human labor, 157-159;
methods employed to investigate the curvature of its surface, 165-168;
reaction of the interior on the external crust, 161, 202-247; general
delineation of its reaction, 204-206; fantastic views on its interior, 171.
Earthquakes, general account of, 204-218; their manifestations, 204-206; of
Riobamba, 204, 206, 208, 212, 214; Lisbon, 210, 211, 213, 214; Calabria,
206; their propagation, 204, 212, 213; waves of commotion, 205, 206, 212;
action on gaseous and aqueous springs, 210, 222, 224; salses and mud
volcanoes, 224-228; erroneous popular belief on, 206-208; noise accompanying
earthquakes, 208-210; their vast destruction of life, 210, 211; volcanic
force, 214, 215; deep and peculiar impression produced on men and animals,
215, 216.
Ehrenberg, his discovery of infusoria in the polishing slate of Bilin, 150;
infusorial deposits, 255, 262; brilliant discovery of microscopic life in
the ocean and in the ice of the polar regions, 342; rapid propogation of
animalcules and their tenacity of life, 343-345; transformation of chalk,
262.
Electricity, magnetic, 188-202; conjectured electric currents, 189, 190;
electric storms, 194; atmospheric 335, 337.
Elevations, comparative, of mountains in the two hemispheres, 28, 29.
Encke, 106; his computation that the showers of meteors, in 1833, proceeded
from the same point of space in the direction in which the earth was moving
at the time, 119, 120.
Ennius, 71.
Epicharmus, writings of, 71.
Equator, advantages of the countries bordering on, 33, 34; their organic
richness and fertility, 34, 35; magnetic equator, 183-185.
Erman, Adolph, on the three cold days of May (11th-13th), 133; lines of
declination in Northern Asia, 182; in the southern parts of the Atlantic,
187; observations during the earthquake of Irkutsk, on the non-disturbance
of the horary changes of the magnetic needle, 207.
Eruptions and exhalations (volcanic), lava, gaseous and liquid fluids, hot
mud, mud mofettes, etc., 161, [other page numbers obscured in paper copy]
p 367
Ethnographical studies, their importance and teaching, 357, 358.
Euripides, his Phaeton, 122.
Falconer, Dr., fossil researches in the Himalayas, 278.
Faraday, radiating heat, electro-magnetism etc., 49, 179, 188; brilliant
discovery of the evolution of light by magnetic forces, 193.
Farquharson on the connection of cirrous clouds with the Aurora, 197; its
altitude, 199.
Federow, his pendulum experiments, 168.
Feldt on the ascent of shooting stars, 123.
Ferdinandes, igneous island of, 242.
Floras, geographical distribution of, 350.
Forbes, Professor E., reference to his Travels in Lycia, 223; account of the
island of Santorino, 241, 242.
Forbes, Professor J., his improved selsmometer, 205; on the correspondence
existing between the distribution of existing floras in the British Islands,
348, 349; on the origin and diffusion of the British flora, 353, 354.
Forster, George, remarked the climatic difference of temperature of the
eastern and western coasts of both continents, 321.
Forster, Dr. Thomas, monkish notice of "Meteorodes," 123.
Fossil remains of tropical plants and animals found in northern regions, 46,
270-284; of extinct vegetation in the travertine of Van Diemen's Land, 224;
fossil human remains, 250.
Foster, Reinhold, pyramidal configuration of the southern extremities of
continents, 290, 291.
Fourier, temperature of our planetary system, 155, 172, 176.
Fracastoro on the direction of the tails of comets from the sun, 101.
Fraehn, fall of stars, 119.
Franklin, Benjamin, existence of sandbanks indicated by the coldness of the
water over them, 308.
Franklin, Capt., on the Aurora, 197, 199, 200, 201; rarity of electric
explosions in high northern regions, 337.
Freycinet, pendulum oscillations, 166.
Fusinieri on meteoric masses, 123.
Galileo, 104, 167.
Galle, Dr., 91.
Galvant, Aloysio, accidental discovery of galvanism, 52.
Gaseous emanations, fluids, mud, and molten earth, 217, 220.
Gasparin, distribution of the quantity of rain in Central Europe, 333.
Gauss, Friedrich, on terrestrial magnetism, 179; his erection. in 1832, of a
magnetic observatory on a new principle, 191, 192.
Gay-Lussac, 204, 233, 234, 266, 267, 311, 312, 334, 336.
Geognostic or geological description of the earth's surface, 202-286.
Geognosy (the study of the textures and position of the earth's surface),
its progress, 203.
Geography, physical, 288-311; of animal life, 341-346; of plants, 346-351.
Geographics, Ritter's (Carl), "Geography in relation to Nature and the
History of Man," 48, 67; Varenius (Bernhard), General and Comparative
Geography, 66, 67.
Gerard, Capts. A. G. and J. G., on the snow-line and vegetation of the
Himalayas, 31, 32, 331, 332.
German scientific works, their defects, 47.
Geyser, intermittent fountains of, 222.
Gieseke on the Aurora, 200.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, Gulf Stream, 307.
Gilbert, William, of Colchester, terrestrial magnetism, 158, 159, 177, 179,
182.
Gillies, Dr., on the snow-line of South America, 330, 331.
Gioja, crater of, 98.
Girard, composition and texture of basalt, 253.
Glaisher, James, on the Aurora Borealis of Oct. 24, 1847. See Translator's
notes, 194, 200.
Goldfuss, Professor, examination of fossil specimens of the flying saurians,
274.
Goppert on the conversion of a fragment of amber-tree into black coal, 281;
eyeadeae, 283; on the amber-tree of the Baltic, 283, 284.
Gothe, 41, 47, 53.
Greek philosophers, their use of the term Cosmos, 69, 70; hypotheses on
aerolites, 122, 123, 134.
Grimm, Jacob, graceful symbolism attached to falling stars in the Lithuanian
mythology, 112, 113.
Gulf Stream, its origin and course, 307.
Gumprecht, pyroxenic nepheline, 253.
Guanaxuato, striking subterranean noise at, 209.
Hall, Sir James, his experiments on mineral fusion, 262.
Halley, comet, 43, 100, 102-109; on the meteor of 1686, 118, 133; on the
light of stars, 152; hypothesis of the earth being a hollow sphere, 171; his
bold conjecture that the Aurora Borealis was a magnetic phenomenon, 193.
Hansteen on magnetic lines of declination in Northern Asia, 182.
Hausen on the material contents of the moon, 96.
Hedenstrom on the so-called "Wood Hills" of New Siberia, 281.
Hegel, quotation from his "Philosophy of History," 76.
Heine, discovery of crystals of feldspar in scoriae, 268.
Hemmer, falling stars, 119.
Hencke, planets discovered by. See note by Translator, 90, 91.
Henfrey, A., extract from his Outlines of Structural and Physiological
Botany. See notes by Translator, 341, 342, 351.
p 368
Hensius on the variations of form in the comet of 1744, 102.
Herodotus, described Scythia as free from earthquakes, 204; Scythian saga of
the sacred gold, which fell burning from heaven, 115.
Herschel, Sir William, map of the world, 66; inscription on his monument at
Upton, 87; satellites of Saturn, 96; diameters of comets, 101; on the comet
of 1811, 103; star guagings, 150; starless space, 150, 152; time required
for light to pass to the earth from the remotest luminous vapor, 154.
Herschel, Sir John, letter on Magellanic clouds, 85; satellites of Saturn,
98; diameter of nebulous stars, 141; stellar Milky Way, 150, 151; light of
isolated starry clusters, 151; observed at the Cape, the star pi in Argo
increase in splendor, 153; invariability of the magnetic declination in the
West Indes, 181.
Hesiod, dimensions of the universe, 154.
Hevellus on the comet of 1618, 106.
Hibbert, Dr., on the Lake of Laach. See note by Translator, 218.
Himalayas, the, their altitude, 28; scenery and vegetation, 29, 30;
temperature, 30, 31; variations of the snow-line on their northern and
southern declivities, 30-33, 331.
Hind, Mr., planets discovered by. See Translator's note, 90, 91.
Hindoo civilization, its primitive seat, 35, 36.
Hippalos, or monsoons, 316.
Hippocrates, his erroneous supposition that the land of Scythia is an
elevated table-land, 346.
Hoff, numerical inquiries on the distribution of earthquakes throughout the
year, 207.
Hoffman, Friedrich, observations on earthquakes, 206-207; on eruption
fissures in the Lipari Islands, 238.
Holberg, his Satire, "Travels of Nic. Klimius, in the world under ground."
See Translator's note, 171, 172.
Hood on the Aurora, 200, 201.
Hooke, Robert, pulsations in the tails of comets, 143; his anticipation of
the application of botannical and zoological evidence to determine the
relative age of rocks, 270-272.
Ho-tsings, Chinese fire-springs, their depth, 158; chemical composition, 217.
Howard on the climate of London, 125; mean annual quantity of rain in
London, 333.
Hugel, Carl von, on the elevation of the valley of Kashmir, 32, 33; on the
snow-line of the Himalayas, 331.
Humboldt, Alexander von, works by referred to in various notes:
Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 31, 305.
Annales des Science Naturelles, 28.
Ansichten der Natur, 342, 344, 347.
Asie Centrale, 28, 31, 33, 115, 158, 159, 160, 204, 217, 219, 225, 245,
251, 252, 260, 289, 290, 291, 292, 296, 300, 301, 303-306, 320, 323, 324,
330, 331, 334, 350, 356.
Atlas Geographique et Physique du Nouveau Continent, 33, 249.
De distributione Geographica Plantrum, secundum coeli temperiem, et
altitudinem Montium, 33, 291, 324.
Examen Critique de l'Histoire de la Geographie, 58, 180, 181, 227, 289,
292, 307, 308, 310, 316, 356.
Essai Geognostique sur le Gisement des Roches, 230, 252, 266, 300.
Essai Politique sur la Nouvelle Espagne, 129, 240.
Essai sur la Geographie des Plantes, 33, 230, 315.
Flora Friburgensis Subterranea, 340, 346.
Journal de Physique, 178, 292.
Lettre au Duc de Sussex, sur les Moyens propres a perfectionner la
connaissance du Magnetisme Terrestre, 178, 192.
Monumens des Peuples Indigenes de l'Amerique, 140.
Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, 307.
Recueil d'Observations Astronomiques, 28, 167, 218, 327.
Recueil d'Observations de Zoologi et d'Anatomie Comparee, 232.
Relation Historique du Voyage aux Regions Equinoxiales, 113, 119, 123,
127, 130, 186, 206, 207, 220, 221, 225, 252, 292, 299, 300, 302, 305-307,
314, 315, 327, 329, 334, 336.
Tableau Physique des Regions Equinoxiales, 33, 230.
Vues des Cordilleres, 225, 230.
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, on the primitive seat of Hindoo civilization, 36;
sonnet, extract from, 154; on the gradual recognition by the human race of
the bond of humanity, 358, 359.
Humidity, 313, 332-335.
Hutton, Capt. Thomas, his paper on the snow-line of the Himalayas, 331, 332.
Huygens, polarization of light, 52; nebulous spots, 138.
Hygrometry, 332, 333; hygrometric wind-rose, 333.
Imagination, abuse of, by half-civilized nations, 37.
Imbert, his account of Chinese "fire-springs," 158.
Ionian school of natural philosophy, 65, 77, 84, 134.
Isogenic, isoclinical, isodynamic, etc. See Lines.
Jacquemont, Victor, his barometrical observations on the snow-line of the
Himalayas, 32, 231.
Jasper, its formation, 259-261.
Jessen on the gradual rise of the coast of Sweden, 295.
Jorullo, hornitos de, 230.
p 369
Justinian, conjectures on the physical causes of volcanic eruptions, 243.
Kamtz, isobarometric lines, 315; doubts on the greater dryness of mountain
air, 334.