§ 199. Third Ablaut-Series.
4. =kann=, _I know_, 2nd pers. =kant= (also =kannt=; cp. § 80), pl.
=kunnum=; prt. indic. =kunþa=, prt. opt. =kunþêdjau=, pp. =kunþs=,
_known_; inf. =kunnan=; prsp. =kunnands=.
5. =þarf=, _I need, be in want of_, 2nd pers. =þarft=, pl. =þaúrbum=,
opt. =þaúrbjau=; prt. =þaúrfta=, pp. =þaúrfts=, _necessary_, prsp.
=þaúrbands=, _needing_, inf. [=þaúrban=].--Cp. § 56, n. 3.
6. =ga-dars=, _I dare_, pl. =ga-daúrsum=, opt. =gadaúrsjau=; prt.
=gadaúrsta=; inf. =gadaúrsan=.
NOTE. Like =kann= inflect its cpds.: =frakann=, _I despise_;
=gakann=, _I subject myself_.--With this must not be confounded
the derivativ weak verb =-kunnan= of the III. weak conjug.,
=-kunnan=, =-kunnaida=, _to recognize_, in the cpds.: =anakunnan=
(ἀναγιγνώσκειν), _to read_; =atkunnan=, _to grant, award_;
=gakunnan=, _to know, consider, read_ (Mk. XII, 26).--=uf-kunnan=,
_to recognize, know_, belongs in the prs. and pp. (=ufkunnaiþs=) to
the III. weak conjug., but its prt. is =ufkunþa=, onse (I. Cor. I,
21) =ufkunnaida=.
§ 200. Fourth Ablaut-Series.
7. =skal=, _I shal_, 2nd pers. =skalt=, pl. =skulum=, opt. =skuljau=;
prt. =skulda=, opt. =skuldêdjau=, pp. =skulds=, _owing_; inf.
[=skulan=], prsp. =skulands=.
8. =man=, _I think, suppose_, 2nd pers. [=mant=], pl. =munum=, opt.
=munjau=; prt. =munda=, pp. =munds= (Lu. III, 23); inf. =munan=, prsp.
=munands=.
NOTE. Like =man= goes =gaman=, _I remember_.--To this belongs also
=munan=, prt. =munaida=, a derivativ wv. of the III. conjug.
§ 201. Fifth Ablaut-Series.
9. =mag=, _I may, can_, 2nd pers. =magt=, 3d =mag=; dual =magu=,
=maguts=, pl. =magum=, =maguþ=, =magun=, opt. =magjau=; prt. =mahta=,
opt. =mahtêdjau=, pp. =mahts=; inf. [=magan=], prsp. =magands=.
10. =ga-nah=, _it suffices_; =binah=, _it is permitted, it is lawful_.
These impersonal forms and the pp. =binaúhts= ar the only forms extant.
There may be inferd the pl. =-naúhum=; prt. =-naúhta=; inf. =-naúhan=.
§ 202. Sixth Ablaut-Series.
11. =ga-môt=, _I hav_ or _find room_ or _place_, 2nd pers. [=môst=],
pl. [=môtum=], opt. =gamôtjau=, prt. =gamôsta=; inf. [=gamôtan=].
12. =ôg=, _I fear_, 2nd pers. [=ôht=], pl. [=ôgum=], opt. =ôgjau=; prt.
=ôhta=; inf. [=ôgan=]. Causativ =ôgjan=, _to frighten_.
NOTE 1. To =ôg= belongs an anomalous 2nd pers. sg. imper.: =ôgs=,
_fear thou!_ The opt. =ôgeiþ= does duty for the corresponding 2nd
pers. pl.
NOTE 2. The only extant form of the primary strong verb is the
negativ prsp. =unagands=, _fearless_.
§ 203. The verb =áih=, _I hav_, belongs to none of the ablaut-series.
Disregarding the want of reduplication, we may, according to its
formation, refer it to a reduplicated prt. like =haíhait= (§ 179,
3). The extant forms ar: 1st and 3d pers. sg. =áih= (onse =aig=),
pl. 1st =aigum= and =áihum=, 2nd =áihuþ= (onse), 3d =aigun=, opt.
sg. 3d =aigi=, pl. 2nd =aigeiþ=, 3d =aigeina=; prt. =áihta=; prsp.
=aigands= (5 times) and =áihands= (onse), inf. =áihan= (only onse, in
=faíráihan=, _to partake_).
NOTE. In most forms there is a peculiar fluctuation between =g=
and =h= in such a manner that the =h= is predominant in the sg.
(=áih=), the =g= in the other forms. Cp. § 66, n. 1; § 79, n. 2.
_2. THE VERBS 'be' AND 'wil'._
§ 204. The old root es-, which is preservd in all Indo-Germanic
languages, occurs in the Gothic substantiv verb only in the present
indic. and opt. The remaining forms ar supplied by the strong verb
=wisan= (§ 176, n. 1). The pp. is wanting (cp. Anz. fda., 14, 286).
+Present.+