kings of France, 44; in that year the province becomes subject to the
emperor Charles V, 48
Flushing: is the second town in the Netherlands to be seized and
permanently held by the patriots, 63; which event is followed by other
important successes, 64; from 1585 to 1616 it is occupied by English
troops as security for the payment of debt to England, 101 and 115
French, the: are the first to follow the Portuguese by sea to India, 36
French East India Company: in 1604 is established on paper, but gets no
further, 37; in 1615 it is reorganised, and in 1617 sends an expedition
to India, which is successful, ib.
French ships: towards the middle of the seventeenth century occasionally
visit the islands in and near Saldanha Bay to procure sealskins and oil,
38
Frisians, the: in A.D. 750 accept Christianity, 44
Gemblours: battle of, 86
_General Collection of Treatys, Manifesto’s, Contracts of Marriage,
Renunciations, and other Publick Papers, from the year 1495 to the year
1712_: references to, 101, 102, 106, 111, 113, 115, 153, and 161
Ghent: atrocious conduct of the fanatical party in the city, 88; on the
17th of September 1584 it is reconciled to Philippe II, and is
thereafter lost to the patriot cause, 98
Giedde, Ove, Danish admiral: in 1619 and again in 1621 visits Table Bay,
168
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
Granvelle, Cardinal: is agent of Philippe II in the Netherlands, 52; is
detested by the people, 53; in 1564 leaves the Netherlands, ib.
Grave: in September 1602 is gained by the patriots, 114
Groen van Prinsterer’s _Handboek der Geschiedenis van het Vaderland_:
reference to, 42
Groningen, town of: in March 1580 is betrayed to the Spaniards, 92; on
the 22nd of July 1594 is recovered by the patriots, 110
Haarlem, siege of, 67; on the 12th of July 1573 the city is taken by the
Spaniards, ib.
van der Hagen, Steven: in 1599 commands an expedition sent to India,
125; in December 1603 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a powerful
fleet, 136; in June 1604 attacks Mozambique, ib.; but in August is
obliged to retire without success, 137; in February 1605 gets possession
of the Portuguese fort on Amboina, ib.
Hainaut, Artois, and Lille, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are
reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause, 88
van Heemskerk, Jacob: in 1595 accompanies Willem Barendszoom on his
second polar expedition, 117; and again in 1596 on his third and last,
ib.; in 1598 goes to India in the fleet under Jacob van Nek, 124; in
April 1601 leaves Holland on his second voyage to India as admiral of a
fleet of eight ships, 129; captures a very richly laden carrack, ib.; on
the 25th of April 1607 with a greatly inferior force attacks a powerful
Spanish fleet in Gibraltar Bay, and utterly destroys it, 151; but is
killed in the engagement, ib.
Hendrik of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in
battle, 74
Hermanszoon, Wolfert: in 1601 commands a fleet sent to India, 128;
attacks a large Portuguese fleet under André Furtado de Mendoça
besieging Bantam, ib.; and compels Mendoça to retire, 129; enters into a
commercial treaty with the ruler of Bantam, ib.; and with the ruler of
Banda, ib.
Holland and Zeeland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose
confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,
79
Hoorn, Count: execution of, 59
Hottentots: dealings with by the first English visitors to South Africa,
40; are seen and described by the first Dutch voyagers to India, 122;
disgusting food of, 157
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
Houtman, Cornelis: in 1595 is in command of the first Dutch expedition
to India, 121; in 1598 commands another expedition to India, 123; and is
murdered at Atchin, 124
Hunebedden: description of, 42
Indian trade: number of Dutch ships engaged in before 1602, 129
Inquisition in the Netherlands: particulars concerning, 49, 53, and 54
Inundation: in 1570 causes terrible loss of life and property in the
Northern Netherlands, 60
Invincible Spanish Armada: in 1588 is destroyed, 107
Isabella, Archduchess, daughter of Philippe II: in May 1598 becomes
sovereign of the submissive Netherlands, and in April 1599 marries the
archduke Albert, 113; on the 30th of November 1623 dies, 152
James I, king of England: for a short time after his accession favours
the Dutch, but in 1604 he enters into a treaty of peace and alliance
with Spain, 115
de Jonge’s _De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost Indie_:
reference to, 122
Jourdain, John: gives an account of his visits to Table Valley in 1608
and 1617, 156, 157, and 164
Lancaster, Captain James: in 1591 visits Table Bay, 41; as admiral of
the first fleet fitted out by the English East India Company in
September 1601 again calls at Table Bay, 155
Leades, William: travels of, 39
_Leeven en Daden der Doorlughtige Zee-Helden_: reference to, 78
Leicester, earl of: is appointed by Queen Elizabeth lieutenant-general
of the English forces in the Netherlands, and on the 19th of December
1585 arrives and assumes duty, 102; conduct of, 102 to 106; in December
1587 leaves the Netherlands, 106
Lepanto: battle of, 82
Leyden: first siege of, 73; second siege and heroic defence of from the
26th of May to the 3rd of October 1574, when the city is relieved by
Admiral Boisot, 74, 75, and 76
Liege, province of: particulars concerning, 51, 52, and 154
Lille, with Douai and Orchies, Artois, and Hainaut, provinces of: on the
17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the
patriot cause, 88
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen: in 1583 goes to India in the service of the
archbishop of Goa, 118; and remains there until January 1589, 119; after
his return to Holland publishes sailing directions, a description of the
Indies, &c., which serve as guides for his countrymen, ib.; in 1594
accompanies Willem Barendszoon in his first polar voyage, 117
Louis of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in
battle, 74
Maastricht: siege and destruction of by Alexander Farnese, 91
Madura: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123
le Maire, Isaac: in May 1611 visits Table Bay, 154
Mandeville, Sir John: note on, 38
Manufactures: are driven from the Netherlands by persecution, 54
de la Marck, William: exploits of, 62
Margaret of Parma: in 1559 becomes regent of the Netherlands, 52;
administration of, 52 to 58
Massacre of Saint Bartholomew in August 1572: has disastrous effects on
the patriot cause in the Netherlands, 65
Matelief, Cornelis: in May 1605 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a
fleet, 138; attempts to get possession of Malacca, but without success,
ib.; builds Fort Orange on the island of Ternate, and places a garrison
in it, ib.; in April 1608 calls at Table Bay on his homeward passage,
and remains there till June, 139
Matthias of Hapsburg: in January 1578 becomes nominally governor-general
of the Netherlands provinces on the invitation of a party of nobles, but
has no real power, 86; in 1581 returns to Germany, 93
Maurits of Nassau, second son of William prince of Orange: in 1584
commences his career, 98
Mechlin: a court of appeal for all the provinces is established here by
the duke of Burgundy, 46; ferocious treatment of the city by the duke of
Alva, 65; on the 19th of July 1585 it capitulates to the Spaniards, 100
de Mendoça, André Furtado: in 1601 is in command of a large Portuguese
fleet besieging Bantam, 128; when he is attacked by a puny Dutch fleet
under Wolfert Hermanszoon, ib.; which forces him to raise the blockade,
129; he causes great destruction at Amboina, ib.; successfully defends
Malacca against Cornelis Matelief, 138
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
Michelburne, Sir Edward: in 1605 visits Table Bay, 155
Middelburg: in February 1574 after a long siege is surrendered to the
patriots by Colonel Christopher Mondragon, 73
Mondragon, a French corsair: in 1507 seizes a Portuguese ship in the
Mozambique channel, 36; in 1509 he is captured by the Portuguese and is
taken as a prisoner to Lisbon, ib.; where he manages to make his peace
with the king, ib.
Montigny, Baron; murder of, 60
Mookerheyde: disastrous battle of in April 1574, 74
Mossel Bay: is touched at by the first Dutch expedition to India, 122;
in 1601 receives its present name from Paulus van Caerden, 126
Motley’s _Rise of the Dutch Republic_, and _History of the United
Netherlands to the Twelve Years’ Truce, 1609_: references to, 41 and 78
Mozambique: description of in 1583, 120; is coveted by the Dutch, owing
to rumours of the great quantity of gold to be had on the mainland, 135;
in June 1604 is attacked by Steven van der Hagen, 136; but in August he
is obliged to leave without success, 137; in March 1607 is attacked by
Paulus van Caerden, 139; Fort São Sebastião is bravely defended by Dom
Estevão d’Ataide, 141; and in May Van Caerden is obliged to abandon the
effort to take it, 143; in July 1608 it is attacked for the third time
by the Dutch under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff, 144; but in August the
siege is abandoned, 147
Municipal Charters: in A.D. 1217 the first of these in the Northern
Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland, 45
Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and 111
Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 66
Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India
Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and 162
van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of, 124
Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last
occupied on the continent of Europe, 42; no traces of palæolithic men
are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.;
the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy
the territory farther north, 43; palæolithic implements in great
abundance are found in the southern provinces, 42; which in the earliest
historical times are occupied by Celts, 43; at the time of the Roman
invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by
Celts, and the centre by the two races intermingled, ib.; the country
is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but
the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries
later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the
country, 44; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in
the south, ib.; in A.D. 785 the conquest of the whole country is
completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken
up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which
in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and
the fisheries, 45; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from
their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self
government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or
separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy,
46; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy, 47;
who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name,
as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands, 48; this Philippe marries
the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and
Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the
emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the
Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces,
Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except
Liege are under his rule, 49; enumeration of the provinces, 50; in 1555
on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come
under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain, 51; under whose
rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion
against him, 51 et seq.
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
Newbery, John: travels of, 39
Nieuwpoort: battle of, 113
van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round
the world, 124 and 125
Nymegen: on the 21st of October 1591 surrenders to the patriots, 109
Ostend: on the 5th of July 1601 is besieged by the archduke Albert, but
holds out till the 20th of September 1604, when it is taken by the
marquis Ambrose Spinola, 114
Oudewater: in July 1575 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 77
Pacification of Ghent: particulars regarding the, 81
Parmentier, Jean: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37
Parmentier, Raoul: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
Pereira, Duarte Pacheco: in 1509 captures the French corsair Mondragon,
36
Perpetual Edict: particulars concerning the, 83
Philippe II of Spain: in 1555 becomes sovereign of all the Netherland
provinces except Liege, 51; his rule is so atrocious that the provinces
rise in rebellion, and in October 1575 the states of Holland and Zeeland
renounce allegiance to him, 79; on the 26th of July 1581 he is formally
abjured by the other provinces in arms against him, 93; on the 6th of
May 1598 he transfers the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter
Isabella, 112; and on the 13th of September of the same year dies, ib.
Philippe III: in September 1598 succeeds his father as king of Spain,
112
Pirenne’s _Histoire de Belgique_: reference to, 42
Portugal: in 1580 comes under the authority of Philippe II of Spain, 92
Portuguese: before the close of the sixteenth century cease to be
progressive, 35
Position of the Dutch in India at the time of the conclusion of the
truce with Spain, 149
Protestants: emigration of from the Southern to the Northern Netherland
provinces, 98 and 101
Queen Elizabeth of England: in January 1578 commences to assist the
patriots in the Netherlands, 85; in August 1585 enters into a treaty
with the states, giving them material assistance, 101; on the 24th of
March 1603 dies, 115
Rapid advance of the Dutch in India in 1609, 148
Reformation, the: spread of in the Netherlands, 49 and 54
Repudiation of the public debt by Philippe II, 110
de Requesens, Don Luis: in November 1573 becomes governor and
captain-general of the Netherlands, 70; administration of, 70 to 79; on
the 5th of March 1576 dies, 79
Roe, Sir Thomas: in 1615 visits Table Valley, 166
Romans, the: confer great benefits upon the Netherlands, 44
Scandinavian pirates: plunder the Netherlands, but do not form
settlements in the country, 45
Sluis: is besieged, and in August 1587 is compelled to surrender to the
Spaniards, 105; in August 1604 is recovered by the patriots, 115
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
Sonoy, Diederik: atrocious conduct of at Alkmaar, 77
Spanish Fury of Antwerp: account of, 80 and 81
Spanish troops: mutinies of, 74 and 113
van Spilbergen, Joris: in 1601 commands an expedition sent to India, 127
Spinola, the marquis Ambrose: in 1603 becomes commander-in-chief of the
Spanish army in Flanders, 114
Stephens, Thomas, an Englishman: in 1579 is rector of the Jesuit college
at Salsette, 38
Story, James: travels of, 39
Sumatra: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123
Synod of the Reformed churches: in 1572 the first meets at Hoorn; in
1578 the second meets at Dordrecht, 87
Table Bay: in 1601 receives its present name from Joris van Spilbergen,
127
Terry’s _Voyage to India_: references to, 163 and 166
Teutonic tribes: overrun the Netherlands, 44
Treaty of alliance between England, France, and the seven United
Provinces of the Netherlands: on the 31st of October 1596 is entered
into, 111; from which in May 1598 Henry IV of France withdraws, 112; on
the 16th of August 1598 a new treaty of alliance is entered into between
England and the free Netherlands, 112
Truce for twelve years between Spain and the Netherlands: on the 9th of
April 1609 is signed at Antwerp, 151
Turnhout: rout of a Spanish army at, 111
Union of Brussels: particulars concerning the, 82
Union of Utrecht: particulars concerning the, 89 and 90
United Netherlands, republic of the: territory of in 1609, at the time
of the twelve years’ truce, 151 and 152
Utrecht, bishopric of: is founded by Charlemagne as a fief, 44; in 1579
ceases to exist, 89
Valenciennes: in 1567 is reduced to submission to Philippe II, 56
Valentijn’s _Oud en Nieuw Oost Indien_: reference to, 122
Variation of the compass: mention of, 123 and 124
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
Verhoeff, Pieter Willemszoon: in December 1607 sails from Holland for
India as admiral of a very powerful fleet, 144; and in July 1608 makes
an attack upon Mozambique, ib.; but in August is compelled to abandon
the effort to get possession of Fort São Sebastião, 147; barbarity of
after the great victory in Gibraltar Bay, 151; in May 1609 he and
twenty-nine others are murdered on the island of Neira, 148
van Waerwyk, Wybrand: in June 1602 leaves Holland for India as admiral
of a fleet, 134; in August 1603 establishes a permanent factory at
Bantam, 135; which for several years is regarded as the Dutch head
quarters in the East, ib.
de Weert, Sebald: in March 1602 is admiral of the first fleet sent out
by the Dutch East India Company, 134; visits Ceylon and makes an
agreement of friendship with the ruler of Kandy, ib.; but commits the
great error of offending the religious feelings of the Cingalese, ib.;
with the result that he and forty-six others are surprised when on shore
and are all put to death, 135
William, prince of Orange: is appointed by Philippe II stadholder of
Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, 52; becomes the very soul of the struggle
of the provinces for liberty, 52 to 97; on the 15th of March 1580 is
declared an outlaw by Philippe II, and a great reward is offered to any
one who takes his life, 92; on the 10th of July 1584 is murdered at
Delft, 97
Zeeland and Holland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose
confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II,
79
Zierikzee: in June 1576 is besieged and taken by the Spaniards, 78
Zutphen: treatment of by Don Frederic de Toledo, son of the duke of
Alva, 66; in September 1583 it is betrayed to the Spaniards, 96; on the
23rd of May 1591 it is recovered by the patriots, 109
Zuyder Zee: is formed in the thirteenth century of our era, 43
SKETCH III.
van der Aa’s _Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden_: references to,
173 and 250
Appel, Ferdinandus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 226; further mention of, 246
Arboriculture: instructions of the directors concerning, 188; which are
carried out by the governor, ib.
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
van Assenburgh, Louis: is appointed to succeed Willem Adriaan van der
Stel as governor, 241; in January 1708 arrives and assumes the duty, 246
Bek, Rev. Hendrik: in May 1702 becomes clergyman of Drakenstein, 198; in
April 1707 is transferred to Stellenbosch, 200
Bogaert, Abraham: takes charge of the document containing the complaints
of the burghers, 228
Bogaert’s _Historisch Verhaal_: reference to, 211
le Boucq, Rev. Engelbertus: account of, 199
van Brakel, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 230, 232, and 242
Bushmen: particulars concerning, 188, 194 et seq.
van der Byl, Pieter: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 226; further mention of, 246
Charges against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: list of, 221
Church building: in January 1704 the first in Capetown is opened for
use, 198
Cloete, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229
Colonists: at the beginning of the eighteenth century are rapidly
increasing in number, 204
Company’s garden in Capetown: particulars concerning, 190
Condition of the Cape settlement when Willem Adriaan van der Stel
becomes governor, 181
Constantia farm: on the 13th of July 1685 is granted to Commander Simon
van der Stel by the lord of Mydrecht, 179
Conterman, Hans Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 227
Corruption: at the beginning of the eighteenth century is generally
prevalent in the East India Company’s service, 205; means adopted to
prevent it, 206
Council of Policy: during the administration of Governor Willem Adriaan
van der Stel meetings are only held at long intervals, 215
Drakenstein: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177
Du Bois’s _Vies des Gouverneurs Generaux_: reference to, 173
Dutch and German settlers: are sent to South Africa from 1700 to 1707,
when emigration is stopped, 185
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
Ecclesiastical matters: particulars concerning, 197 et seq.
Effect of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel’s tyranny in blending the
Dutch and French sections of the community, 249
Elberts, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230
Elberts, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,
230
Elsevier, Samuel, the secunde: is in illegal possession of a tract of
land near Klapmuts, 216; is charged by the burghers with carrying on
farming and neglecting his duty, 222; is dismissed from office by the
directors, and in April 1708 leaves the colony, 247
Expedition to Natal in 1705: account of, 202
Extent of the Cape settlement when Simon van der Stel becomes commander,
177
Fouché, Professor Leo: copies and publishes portions of the journal of
Adam Tas, 183
French Hoek: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177
French language in South Africa: particulars concerning, 198
Goodwin, Vaughan, an Englishman: in 1705 is found living at Port Natal,
202
Grazing farms: occupation of, 193
Grevenbroek, Jan Willem: mention of, 218
van der Heiden, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 226
van der Heiden and Tas’s _Contra Deductie_: references to, 210, 218,
219, and 248
Hertog, Jan, the Company’s master gardener: is in charge of Vergelegen,
210
Hottentots: particulars concerning, 195 and 221; trade with by colonists
is prohibited from 1658 to 1699, 191; is then thrown open by the
directors, 192; but in 1703 is again forbidden, 196
Huguenot settlers: are sent out in small numbers until 1700, when the
directors resolve not to send any more, 184
Huguenots: are in a difficult position in the countries that shelter
them, 184
[Sidenote: Synoptical Index.]
Huising, Henning: in 1700 enters into the first contract to supply meat
to the East India Company, 192; treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan
van der Stel, 226; is well treated by the directors, 246; further
mention of, 247
Inducements to migrate to South Africa at the beginning of the
eighteenth century, 185
Islands of Dina and Marseveen: search for, 188
Kalden, Rev. Petrus, clergyman of Capetown: is in possession of a farm,
216; is charged by the burghers with spending too much time on it and
neglecting his duty, 222; is recalled by the directors, and in April
1708 leaves the colony, 247
Kolbe’s _Caput Bonæ Spei_: reference to, 173
van Loon, Rev. Hercules: in April 1700 becomes clergyman of
Stellenbosch, 197; in June 1704 commits suicide, 199
Louw, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229
and 242
Marauding band of Europeans and Hottentots: account of, 200
Mauritius, island of: is uninhabited when the Dutch East India Company
sends a small party of men to take possession of it, 171
van Meerland, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,
226
_Meresteyn_, the: in April 1702 is wrecked on Jutten Island, when many
lives are lost, 200
Meyboom, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,
227
Meyer, Pierre: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229
Natal: in 1705 an expedition is sent to, 201
Newlands garden: in 1700 is planted by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 191
van Niekerk, Cornelis: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der
Stel, 230
Obiqua mountains: reason for being so called, 189
[Sidenote: Historical Sketches.]
du Pré, Hercules: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,
230, 232, and 242
Pretorius, Wessel: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel,
226