Anthers pale yellow or white (_rose color in 71_).
Leaves broad and rounded, truncate or cordate at base; fruit
subglobose to short-oblong or obovoid, red, crimson or
scarlet.
Mature leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
Leaves thin.
Fruit subglobose to short-oblong, scarlet, ripening in
August and September.
68. C. mollis (A).
Fruit obovoid to short-oblong, dark red, ripening in
October.
69. C. sera (A).
Leaves subcoriaceous; fruit short-oblong to obovoid, crimson,
ripening in October and November.
70. C. arkansana (C).
Mature leaves scabrate on the upper surface; fruit
depressed-globose, red, ripening in August and September.
71. C. gravida (A).
Leaves broad-cuneate or rounded at base, acute or acuminate,
scabrate on the upper surface at maturity.
Fruit red.
Leaves villose below at maturity on midrib and veins, those at
the end of vigorous shoots cuneate at base; flowers in
usually 7—12-flowered corymbs; fruit short-oblong,
orange-red.
72. C. invisa (C).
Leaves hoary-tomentose below at maturity, those at the end of
vigorous shoots rounded, cordate or abruptly cuneate at
the broad base; flowers in 15—20-flowered corymbs; fruit
ellipsoidal, ovoid, short-oblong or subglobose, crimson.
73. C. limaria (C).
Fruit bright canary yellow, subglobose; leaves villose below at
maturity elliptic to ovate, oval or slightly obovate.
74. C. viburnifolia (C).
Leaves narrowed at base.
Mature leaves glabrous on the upper surface; fruit short-oblong
to subglobose.
Leaves oblong-obovate or oval.
75. C. Berlandieri (C).
Leaves elliptic to ovate or slightly obovate.
76. C. meridionalis (C).
Mature leaves scabrate on the upper surface; fruit subglobose to
short-oblong, red.
Leaves ovate to oval; flowers in 3—10-flowered corymbs;
calyx-lobes glabrous.
77. C. Treleasei (C).
Leaves ovate; flowers in many-flowered corymbs; calyx-lobes
villose.
78. C. canadensis.
Anthers rose color.
Leaves broad at base.
Mature leaves smooth on the upper surface.
Leaves thick, ovate, acute at apex; fruit short-oblong to
obovoid, bright cherry red.
79. C. corusca (A).
Leaves thin, broad-ovate to suborbicular, rounded at apex;
fruit subglobose to ovoid, bright yellow.
80. C. Kelloggii (A).
Mature leaves scabrate on the upper surface, oblong-obovate;
fruit short-oblong, crimson.
81. C. induta (C).
Leaves narrowed at base; fruit red.
Leaves yellow-green.
Mature leaves glabrous on the upper surface; fruit
short-oblong to obovoid.
82. C. texana (C).
Mature leaves scabrate on the upper surface.
Fruit subglobose to short-oblong.
83. C. quercina (C).
Fruit obovoid.
84. C. pyriformis (C).
Leaves blue-green, subcoriaceous, ovate to suborbicular,
scabrate on the upper surface; fruit subglobose to
short-oblong, red.
85. C. lanuginosa (C).
Stamens 10.
Anthers yellow.
Leaves broad at base.
Leaves smooth on the upper surface.
Leaves ovate or rarely oval, dark yellow-green above; fruit
subglobose, crimson, ripening late in August.
86. C. arnoldiana (A).
Leaves ovate, blue-green above; fruit obovoid to short-oblong,
scarlet, ripening in September.
87. C. champlainensis (A).
Leaves scabrate on the upper surface, ovate, acute, rounded or
abruptly cuneate at base; anthers nearly white; fruit
short-oblong, bright orange-red.
88. C. pennsylvanica (A).
Leaves cuneate at base, scabrate on the upper surface, ovate,
acute; fruit obovoid, orange-red.
89. C. submollis (A).
Anthers rose color.
Leaves broad at the rounded, abruptly cuneate or cordate base.
Leaves scabrate on the upper surface.
Leaves oval, rounded or cuneate at base; flowers in wide
many-flowered corymbs; fruit short-oblong, crimson.
90. C. Ellwangeriana (A).
Leaves oblong-ovate; flowers in compact few-flowered corymbs;
fruit obovoid to short-oblong, scarlet.
91. C. Robesoniana (A).
Leaves smooth on the upper surface at maturity, ovate, usually
broad-cuneate at base; fruit obovoid to short-oblong,
crimson.
92. C. anomala (A).
Leaves cuneate at base, smooth on the upper surface at maturity;
fruit subglobose, orange-red.
93. C. noelensis (C).
68. Cratægus mollis Scheele. Red Haw.
[Illustration: Fig. 420]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute, usually cordate or rounded at the wide base,
coarsely and generally doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and
more or less deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of acute or rounded
lateral lobes, covered above with short pale hairs and hoary-tomentose
below when they unfold, about half grown when the flowers open early in
May and then membranaceous, light yellow-green and hairy above and
pubescent or tomentose below, and at maturity firm in texture, dark
yellow-green and slightly rugose on the upper surface and paler and
pubescent or puberulous on the lower surface along the stout midrib, and
4 or 5 pairs of primary veins extending to the point of the lobes, 3′—4′
long and broad; petioles stout, terete, at first tomentose, ultimately
pubescent or nearly glabrous, often slightly glandular with small dark
caducous glands, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
more deeply lobed, with a deeper basal sinus, and frequently 5′—6′ long
and broad. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on stout densely villose pedicels, in
broad many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with conspicuous bracts and
bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, hoary-tomentose, the lobes
narrow, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate with bright red glands,
villose on the outer, tomentose on the inner surface; stamens 20;
anthers large, light yellow; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a
broad ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening late in August and early in
September, on stout pedicels, in drooping few-fruited villose clusters,
short-oblong to subglobose, rounded at the ends, more or less pubescent,
scarlet marked by occasional large dark dots; ¾′—1′ in diameter; calyx
prominent, hairy, with large erect and incurved lobes usually deciduous
before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, yellow, subacid, dry and mealy;
nutlets 4 or 5, thin, rounded and obscurely ridged on the back, light
brown, ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 40° high, with a tall trunk often 18′ in diameter,
heavy wide-spreading smooth ashy gray branches forming a broad
round-topped and often symmetrical head, and stout branchlets covered at
first with a thick coat of long white matted hairs, villose during their
first season, becoming glabrous in their second year, and armed with
occasional straight thick bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1′—2′
long.
Distribution. Low rich soil usually on the bottom-lands of streams;
northern Ohio and southwestern Ontario (Point Edward) to northern
Missouri, eastern South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, and eastern Kansas;
common; near Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee.
69. Cratægus sera Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 421]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded, truncate or slightly
cordate at the broad base, irregularly divided into 4 or 5 pairs of
short acute lateral lobes, and sharply and sometimes doubly serrate
nearly to the base with straight glandular teeth, unfolding about the
1st of May with the opening of the flowers and then covered above with
short soft white hairs and tomentose below, and at maturity
membranaceous, dark yellow-green and glabrous on the upper surface,
pubescent on the lower surface, 2′—4′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide, with a
slender midrib, and thin remote primary veins extending to the point of
the lobes; petioles slender, tomentose, becoming pubescent, 1′—1½′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots more deeply lobed, and
often 4′—5′ long and 3′—4′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on stout
densely villose pedicels, in compact many-flowered tomentose corymbs;
calyx-tube broadly obconic, coated with broad matted pale hairs, the
lobes broad, acute or acuminate, glandular-serrate with large dark
glands, tomentose on the outer surface and villose on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles 4 or 5, usually 5. Fruit
ripening about the 1st of October, on stout puberulous or villose
pedicels, in drooping or erect few-fruited clusters, obovoid or
short-oblong, dull dark red, marked by small pale dots, usually slightly
villose or pubescent at the ends, ⅔′ long, and ½′ in diameter; calyx
enlarged, with erect, coarsely glandular-serrate, incurved lobes often
deciduous before the ripening of the fruit; flesh thick, dry and mealy;
nutlets usually 5, thin, light brown, irregularly grooved on the back
with a broad shallow groove, ¼′ long.
A tree, 30°—40° high, with a tall straight trunk 12′—18′ in diameter,
thick branches forming a broad round-topped symmetrical head, and
branchlets hoary-tomentose at first, becoming light red-brown and
puberulous and ultimately pale orange-brown, and armed with occasional
straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown lustrous spines 1¼′—1½′ in
length.
Distribution. Walpole Island, Lamberton County, southwestern Ontario;
Belle Isle in the Detroit River, near Port Huron, St. Clair County, and
in the neighborhood of Grand Rapids, Kent County, Michigan; northeastern
Illinois (Cook, Will, Lake and Dupage Counties), and in the neighborhood
of Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
70. Cratægus arkansana Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 422]
Leaves oblong-ovate or oval, acute, rounded, broadly cuneate or truncate
at base, usually divided above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of short
broad acute lobes, and serrate sometimes to the base with short straight
glandular teeth, when the flowers open about the middle of May nearly
one third grown and coated with soft white hairs, and at maturity thick
and leathery, dull dark green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale
yellow-green on the lower surface, 2′—3′ long, and 1¾′—2′ wide, with a
stout light yellow midrib and primary veins slightly villose below,
conspicuous secondary veins and reticulate veinlets; late in October and
in November turning bright clear yellow; petioles stout, deeply grooved,
more or less winged toward the apex, glandular with minute usually
deciduous dark glands, at first tomentose, ultimately glabrous or
puberulous, turning dark red after midsummer, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or truncate at base,
often 4′ long and 3′ wide. Flowers nearly 1′ in diameter, on short stout
pedicels, in broad rather compact many-flowered villose corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long matted pale hairs, the
lobes short, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous or slightly
villose; stamens 20; anthers large, pale yellow; styles 5. Fruit
ripening at the end of October and falling gradually at the end of
several weeks, on stout villose pedicels, in few-fruited drooping
clusters, short-oblong or rarely obovoid, rounded and slightly tomentose
at the ends, bright crimson, very lustrous, marked by few large dark
dots, ¾′—1′ long, about ¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with
small linear-lanceolate coarsely glandular-serrate erect and persistent
lobes; flesh thick, yellow, subacid; nutlets 5, small in comparison to
the size of the fruit, thin, rounded or slightly and irregularly ridged
on the back, ⅓′ long.
A tree, 20° high, with a tall straight stem, thick slightly ascending
wide-spreading branches forming a broad open irregular head, and stout
branchlets dark green and covered early in the season with long pale
hairs, becoming orange-brown, glabrous, and very lustrous in their first
winter, and unarmed or armed with occasional straight light
chestnut-brown shining spines, ⅓′—½′ in length.
Distribution. Bottom-lands of the White River near Newport, Jackson
County, Arkansas; hardy as far north as eastern Massachusetts, and
unsurpassed late in the autumn in the beauty of its large brilliant
abundant fruits long persistent on the branches.
71. Cratægus gravida Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 423]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute, rounded or truncate at base, coarsely and
often doubly serrate with incurved glandular teeth, and slightly
incisely lobed, roughened above by short pale hairs and hoary-tomentose
below when they unfold, nearly half grown when the flowers open about
the 1st of May, and at maturity thin, firm, dark green, lustrous and
scabrate above, paler and pubescent or puberulous below, particularly on
the slender midrib and veins, 1¾′—2½′ long, and 1½′ wide; turning in the
autumn yellow, orange and brown; petioles slender, tomentose early in
the season, becoming pubescent or nearly glabrous, about ½′—1′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots oblong-ovate to nearly
orbicular, round or cuneate at the broad base, more coarsely serrate,
more deeply lobed, and often 2½′—3′ long and wide, their petioles ¾′—1′
long. Flowers about ⅝′ in diameter, on short hoary-tomentose pedicels,
in narrow crowded many-flowered hoary-tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube
broadly obconic, covered with matted pale hairs, the lobes gradually
narrowed, acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20; anthers
dark rose; styles 5. Fruit ripening in August and September, on
elongated tomentose pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters,
depressed-globose, red; calyx enlarged, the lobes conspicuously serrate,
puberulous on the upper surface, reflexed and closely appressed,
sometimes deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, dry and
mealy; nutlets 5, thin, narrow and rounded at base, acute at apex,
rounded and obscurely grooved on the back, about 5/16′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, heavy
wide-spreading branches forming a broad round-topped head, and stout
branchlets covered at first with a thick coat of matted pale hairs,
orange-red and puberulous at the end of their first season, glabrous and
reddish brown the following year, and armed with slender nearly straight
spines about 1½′ long.
Distribution. Limestone hills in the neighborhood of Nashville, Davidson
County, Tennessee.
72. Cratægus invisa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 424]
Leaves ovate to oval, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded at
base, coarsely often doubly serrate with broad straight glandular teeth,
and slightly divided usually only above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of
small acuminate lobes, densely tomentose below and villose above when
they unfold, about one third grown when the flowers open at the end of
March and then thin, dark yellow-green and roughened on the upper
surface by short hairs and coated below with long matted white hairs,
and at maturity thin, yellow-green, scabrate and lustrous above, hairy
below especially on the midrib and veins, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide;
petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, covered with pale
hairs early in the season, becoming nearly glabrous, and 1½′—2′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, acuminate,
abruptly cuneate at the wide base, more coarsely serrate, deeply divided
into acute lateral lobes, and often 3½′—4′ long and 3′—3½′ wide;
petioles slender, villose, 1½′—2′ in length. Flowers opening at the end
of March, about ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels thickly coated like
the wide calyx-tube with long matted white hairs, in broad mostly
7—12-flowered corymbs; calyx-lobes gradually narrowed from the base,
short, broad, acuminate, laciniately glandular-serrate, thickly covered
with long white hairs on the outer surface, villose above the middle on
the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 3—5, surrounded at
base by a ring of long white hairs. Fruit ripening at the end of
October, on long slender slightly hairy pedicels, in erect or spreading
few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded and slightly hairy
at the ends, orange-red, marked by large pale dots, and about ½′ in
diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading lobes dark red on the
upper side below the middle and villose toward the apex; flesh thin,
yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 3—5, rounded at the ends, broader at apex
than at base, rounded and only slightly grooved on the back, ⅕′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall trunk covered with dark brown
bark broken into small closely appressed plate-like scales, large
spreading branches forming a wide irregular head, and stout slightly
zigzag branchlets clothed when they first appear with hoary tomentum,
dull gray-brown, marked by small pale lenticels and slightly pubescent
at the end of their first season and dark gray the following year, and
unarmed or armed with occasional slender straight chestnut-brown spines
1′—1¼′ long.
Distribution. In dense woods on the rich bottom-lands of Red River near
Fulton, Hempstead County, and near Texarkana, Miller County, Arkansas.
73. Cratægus limaria Sarg.
_Cratægus Mackensenii_ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 425]
Leaves ovate, acute, concave-cuneate or rounded at base, coarsely often
doubly serrate with broad straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided
into 3 or 4 pairs of small acute lateral lobes, not more than a quarter
grown when the flowers open early in April and then thin, yellow-green
and covered above with short white hairs and thickly coated below with
hoary tomentum, and at maturity light green and scabrate on the upper
surface, pale and tomentose on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and
1½′—2′ wide, with a stout midrib and thin primary veins; petioles
slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, covered when they first appear
with long matted white hairs, villose through the season, and 1′—1½′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or
cordate at the wide base, more deeply lobed, and often 4′ long and
broad. Flowers opening early in April, ⅘′—1′ in diameter, on long
slender pedicels coated with matted white hairs, in compact
15—20-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, thickly
covered with white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from the base,
wide, acuminate, laciniately glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20;
anthers white; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
tomentum. Fruit ripening in October, on long stout erect or spreading
hairy pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, ellipsoidal to ovoid or
short-oblong, rounded at apex, truncate at base, crimson, lustrous,
marked by large pale dots, villose especially at the ends, ½′—⅗′ in
diameter; calyx prominent, with a long villose tube, and erect villose
persistent lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle, their tips
slightly spreading or incurved; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy;
nutlets 3—5, narrowed and rounded at apex, rounded at the broad base,
slightly grooved on the back, ⅕′—¼′ long.
A tree, often 30° high, with a tall trunk 8′—12′ in diameter, covered
with dark scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming a narrow
irregular head, and slender zigzag branchlets thickly coated when they
first appear with long-white hairs, light orange-brown, lustrous,
pubescent and marked by pale lenticels at the end of their first season,
dull gray-brown and glabrous the following year, and armed with slender
straight or slightly curved purple ultimately ashy gray spines 2′—2½′
long.
Distribution. In dense woods on the rich bottom-lands of the Red River
near Fulton, Hempstead County, Arkansas; river banks; western Texas
(Guadalupe River, near Victoria, Victoria County; Cibolo River,
Sutherland Springs, Wilson County; San Antonio River, Bexar County; _C.
Mackensenii_ Sarg.).
74. Cratægus viburnifolia Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 426]
Leaves elliptic to ovate, oval or slightly obovate, acute or rounded at
apex, concave-cuneate at the entire base, coarsely often doubly serrate
above with straight glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly
divided above the middle into 2 or 3 pairs of small acute lobes, half
grown when the flowers open about the 20th of March and then thin,
yellow-green and roughened above by short white hairs and
hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thick, deep green, very lustrous
and scabrate on the upper surface, coated on the lower surface with pale
hairs, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a prominent midrib and
primary veins; petioles slightly wing-margined at apex, densely
hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, ⅖′—1½′ in
length. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on long slender tomentose
pedicels, in wide lax mostly 5—12-flowered corymbs, with large
lanceolate to spatulate foliaceous bracts and bractlets slightly serrate
above the middle, and generally persistent until after the petals fall;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly coated with matted white hairs, the
lobes gradually narrowed from the base, long, slender, acuminate,
laciniately glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the outer surface,
densely villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles
4 or 5. Fruit ripening early in October, on long slender drooping
slightly hairy pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, subglobose, bright
canary yellow, about 1′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with
spreading lobes; flesh thick, light yellow, soft and succulent; nutlets
4 or 5, gradually narrowed and rounded at the ends, irregularly ridged
on the back with a broad grooved ridge, ⅓′ long.
A tree, 30°—35° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter,
covered with gray scaly bark, large ascending and spreading branches
forming an open irregular head, and stout nearly straight unarmed
branchlets thickly coated with hoary tomentum when they first appear,
becoming purple, lustrous and nearly glabrous at the end of their first
season and dark brown or gray-brown the following year.
Distribution. Borders of woods in low ground, valley of the Brazos River
near Columbia, Brazoria County, and in low woods on the Colorado River,
at Wharton, Wharton County, Texas.
75. Cratægus Berlandieri Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 427]
Leaves oblong-obovate or oval, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed,
cuneate and entire below the middle, coarsely and often doubly serrate
with broad straight or incurved glandular teeth, and unequally divided
above into numerous acute or acuminate lobes, when the flowers open from
the middle to the end of March coated on the upper surface with short
pale caducous hairs and on the lower surface with thick hoary tomentum,
and at maturity thin and firm in texture, glabrous, dark green, and
lustrous above, pale and pubescent below, and usually about 3′ long and
2′ wide, with a slender midrib, remote primary veins extending to the
point of the lobes, conspicuous secondary veins, and reticulate
veinlets; petioles more or less winged toward the apex, tomentose early
in the season, becoming pubescent, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots often 5′ long and 3′ wide, with rounded, acute lobes.
Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on long stout hoary-tomentose pedicels, in broad
loose many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with oblong-obovate to lanceolate
finely glandular-serrate villose conspicuous bracts and bractlets;
calyx-tube broadly obconic, covered with thick pale tomentum, the lobes
broad, acute, very coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the outer
surface and villose on the inner surface; stamens 20, anthers yellow;
styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of white hairs. Fruit ripening
after the middle of October, on slender elongated pedicels, in loose
dropping clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, scarlet, about ½′ long;
calyx much enlarged, with coarsely serrate erect and persistent villose
lobes; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, rounded and
occasionally obscurely grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a tall straight trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
covered with thin dark brown furrowed bark, spreading branches forming a
broad open head, and branchlets hoary-tomentose at first, soon
puberulous, dull reddish brown or yellow-brown by midsummer, becoming
ashy gray late in the autumn, and armed with few straight gray spines
about 1′ in length.
Distribution. Low rich woods on the bottom-lands of the Brazos River at
Columbia and Brazoria, Brazoria County, Texas.
76. Cratægus meridionalis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 428]
Leaves elliptic to ovate or slightly obovate, acuminate, cuneate at the
entire base, and coarsely often doubly serrate above with broad straight
glandular teeth, coated below with hoary tomentum and covered above with
short white hairs when they unfold, more than half grown when the
flowers open from the first to the middle of April, and at maturity
thin, yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, paler and
villose-pubescent on the lower surface, especially on the slender midrib
and primary veins, 2′—3½′ long, and 1′—2′ wide; petioles slender,
slightly wing-margined at apex, densely villose-pubescent with white
hairs early in the season, becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous, ½′—¾′
in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate to
broad-elliptic, more coarsely serrate, occasionally slightly divided
into short broad lateral lobes, often 4′ long and 2½′ wide, with a stout
midrib and petioles broadly wing-margined at apex, and about ½′ in
length. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on stout pedicels thickly covered like
the narrow obconic calyx-tube with matted silvery white hairs, in broad
compact many-flowered villose corymbs, with conspicuous
glandular-serrate villose bracts and bractlets mostly persistent until
after the flowers open; calyx-lobes narrow, acuminate, laciniately
glandular-serrate, slightly villose-pubescent when the buds open;
stamens 20; anthers white; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a broad
ring of white tomentum. Fruit ripening from the middle to the end of
September, on elongated slender puberulous pedicels, in few-fruited
drooping red-stemmed clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, rounded at
the ends, scarlet, ½′ to ⅔′ in diameter, the calyx persistent, much
enlarged, with erect or spreading conspicuous lobes; nutlets 3—5,
rounded at base, acute at apex, ridged on the back with a high rounded
ridge, about ⅓′ long.
A tree, often 25° high, with a trunk 8′ in diameter, covered with dark
bark slightly divided by shallow fissures into broad thin plates,
spreading ashy gray branches forming a round-topped head, and slender
zigzag branchlets, covered when they first appear with long white hairs,
soon glabrous, orange-brown or reddish brown during their first season
and dull gray the following year, and armed with numerous straight
slender purple spines 1′—2′ in length.
Distribution. Limestone soil, in upland woods and glades; common in the
limestone belt of central Alabama, from the neighborhood of Gallion,
Hale County to western Mississippi (Starkville, Oktibbeha County, and
Brookville, Noxubee County).
77. Cratægus Treleasei Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 429]
Leaves ovate to elliptic, acute, concave-cuneate or rounded at the
narrow base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth,
and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of narrow acuminate lateral
lobes, unfolding with the opening of the flowers at the end of April or
early in May and then light yellow-green tinged with bronze color,
lustrous and covered above with short shining caducous white hairs and
hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thin, light yellow-green and
scabrate on the upper surface, paler and pubescent on the lower surface,
especially on the slender midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins
extending obliquely to the point of the lobes, 1¾′—2¼′ long, and 1½′—2′
wide; petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at apex, villose
early in the season, pubescent in the autumn, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, acute, cuneate at the wide base,
often 2½′—3′ long and 2′—2½′ wide; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex
¾′—1′ long. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels covered with
matted pale hairs, in 3—10-flowered compact compound or rarely simple
villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, covered with matted pale
hairs, the lobes glabrous, narrowed from the base, with wide rounded
sinuses between them, slender, acuminate, tipped with a small red gland,
and glandular-serrate with stipitate red glands; stamens 20; anthers
pale yellow; styles 4 or 5, usually 5. Fruit ripening at the end of
September, on stout erect villose pedicels, in few-fruited clusters,
subglobose, often broader than high, crimson, lustrous, marked by
numerous large pale dots, pubescent at the ends, and ½′—¾′ in diameter;
calyx prominent, with a short villose tube, and reflexed appressed
villose lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, light
yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, full and rounded at apex,
narrowed and acute at base, grooved with a broad shallow groove and
sometimes irregularly ridged on the back, about 5/16′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk sometimes 6′ in diameter,
slender branches forming a narrow open head, and thin nearly straight
branchlets thickly covered at first with long lustrous white hairs, dull
light reddish brown and puberulous at the end of their first season,
becoming dark gray-brown, and armed with stout straight or slightly
curved dark purple shining spines usually about 1¼′ long, or unarmed.
Distribution. Banks of small streams in moist soil from Doe Run to
Bismarck, St. François County, Missouri.
78. Cratægus canadensis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 430]
Leaves ovate, short-pointed, slightly lobed usually only above the
middle with short broad acute lobes, and coarsely and frequently doubly
serrate to the broad-cuneate base with spreading glandular teeth, coated
above in early spring with soft white hairs, and below with dense hoary
tomentum, about a third grown when the flowers open at the end of May,
and at maturity thin and firm in texture, blue-green and scabrate on the
upper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface on the midrib and
primary veins, 2′—2½′ long, and 1½′ to nearly 3′ wide; petioles slender,
glandular, often more or less winged above, at first tomentose, becoming
nearly glabrous, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
broad-ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the broad base, more deeply
lobed, often 2½′—3′ long and wide, the petioles wing-margined at apex
often glandular, and 1′—1½′ in length. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, in
broad loose tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose with
long matted hairs, the lobes lanceolate, villose, and glandular with
large red stipitate glands; stamens 20; anthers small, nearly white;
styles 5, surrounded at base by a thin ring of pale tomentum. Fruit
ripening early in October and falling gradually until after midwinter,
on stout pedicels, in erect slightly villose few-fruited clusters,
short-oblong to subglobose, crimson, lustrous, marked by large scattered
pale dots, slightly hairy toward the ends, ½′—⅝′ long, ⅓′—½′ in
diameter; calyx prominent, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad
base, elongated, glandular, villose, spreading or reflexed, often
deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, pale yellow, dry and
mealy; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and irregularly ridged on the back, ¼′
long.
A tree, 18°—30° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, stout spreading
branches forming a broad round-topped symmetrical head, and stout zigzag
branchlets dark green and covered with matted pale hairs when they first
appear, soon becoming light orange-brown and very lustrous, and armed
with numerous stout straight or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown
shining spines 2′—2½′ long.
Distribution. Limestone ridges near the St. Lawrence River at
Châteaugay, Caughnawaga, and La Tortue in the Province of Quebec.
79. Cratægus corusca Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 431]
Leaves ovate, acute, truncate, rounded or slightly cordate at the broad
base, regularly divided into 4 or 5 pairs of short acute lateral lobes,
and doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, when they unfold
covered above with short soft pale hairs and glabrous below, about a
third grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and at maturity
thin but firm and rigid in texture, glabrous, dark yellow-green, bright
and lustrous above, pale yellow-green below, 2′—2½′ long and wide, with
a slender pale midrib and primary veins; petioles slender, villose early
in the season, soon becoming glabrous and dark red below the middle,
1½′—2½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots frequently
divided into narrow acute lateral lobes, and often 3½′—4′ long and wide.
Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on stout villose pedicels, in compact narrow
many-flowered corymbs covered with matted pale hairs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous, or villose toward the base, the lobes
narrowed from a broad base, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose
on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers small, pale pink; styles 4 or
5. Fruit beginning to ripen and fall about the middle of September and
continuing to fall until the end of October, on stout pedicels, in
glabrous few-fruited clusters, short-oblong to obovoid, bright
cherry-red, lustrous, marked by dark scattered pale dots, ⅝′—¾′ long,
and ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes slightly
glandular-serrate, usually deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh
thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, dark-colored, rounded on
the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
wide-spreading branches forming a handsome symmetrical head, and stout
branchlets dark green and coated with matted pale hairs when they first
appear, soon becoming light red-brown, light orange-brown and lustrous
in their second year, and armed with thick nearly straight bright
chestnut-brown spines often 3′ in length.
Distribution. Sandy shores of Lake Zurich, Lake County, Illinois.
80. Cratægus Kelloggii Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 432]
Leaves broad-ovate to suborbicular, rounded and often short-pointed at
apex, rounded, broadly cuneate or truncate at the entire base, coarsely
serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth, and divided usually only
above the middle into several short broad acute or acuminate lobes,
about half grown when the flowers open during the last week of April and
then thin, yellow-green, covered above with short pale hairs and
pubescent below on the midrib and veins, and at maturity thin but firm
in texture, dark yellow-green, glabrous and smooth on the upper surface,
pale and glabrous on the lower surface with the exception of a few hairs
near the base of the thin yellow midrib and of the 4 or 5 pairs of
slender prominent primary veins arching to the point of the lobes,
2′—2½′ long, 1¾′—2½′ wide, and often broader than long; petioles
slender, slightly winged at apex, villose while young with long matted
white hairs, becoming glabrous, ¾′—1′ in length. Flowers ⅝′ in diameter,
on slender hairy pedicels, in compact 5—10-flowered villose corymbs,
with oblong-obovate to linear acuminate glandular bracts and bractlets
mostly persistent until the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
slightly hairy at base, glabrous above, the lobes slender, acuminate,
glandular with minute dark red stipitate glands, or entire, glabrous on
the outer surface, sparingly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20;
anthers pale rose color; styles 5. Fruit ripening at the end of
September and soon falling, on long slender glabrous pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-ovoid, bright yellow,
marked by many small pale dots, ¾′—1′ in diameter; calyx small, with
spreading reflexed lobes slightly villose toward the apex and often
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy;
nutlets 5, rounded and very slightly grooved on the back, about ⅜′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 4′—5′ in diameter, covered with
nearly black deeply furrowed bark, erect branches, and nearly straight
branchlets dark green tinged with red and slightly villose when they
first appear, bright red-brown and lustrous at the end of their first
season, becoming dark dull reddish brown the following year, and
unarmed, or armed with slender nearly straight bright chestnut-brown
shining spines usually about 1′ long.
Distribution. Banks of the Desperes River, South St. Louis, St. Louis
County, Missouri; not common.
81. Cratægus induta Sarg. Turkey Apple.
[Illustration: Fig. 433]
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute, cuneate, rounded or rarely truncate at the
broad entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with glandular teeth,
and slightly and irregularly divided into broad acute lateral lobes,
about a third grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of
April and then thin, light yellow-green and roughened above by short
lustrous white hairs and hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thin,
dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and tomentose
or pubescent on the lower surface, particularly on the stout midrib and
4 or 5 pairs of prominent primary veins, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide;
petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at the apex, glandular,
hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming sparingly villose in the
autumn, 1¼′—1½′ in length. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender tomentose
pedicels, in broad many-flowered hoary-tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, thickly coated with long densely matted white hairs,
the lobes small, acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20;
anthers small, rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring
of snow-white hairs. Fruit ripening the middle of October, on stout
villose pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, rounded and
villose at the ends, crimson or reddish yellow, lustrous, marked by
small pale dots, ¾′—2′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short
tomentose tube and much enlarged coarsely glandular-serrate hairy erect
incurved lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick,
orange-colored, with an astringent subacid flavor; nutlets 5, thin,
rounded and slightly grooved on the back, 5/16′—⅜′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk often a foot in diameter,
covered with thick dark brown furrowed bark, large spreading and
ascending branches forming an open irregular head, and stout branchlets
covered at first with long matted white hairs, light orange-brown,
lustrous and puberulous at the end of their first season, becoming ashy
gray or light grayish brown the following year, and armed with many
stout nearly straight dark purple shining spines usually about 2½′ long.
Distribution. Dry upland woods, near Fulton, Hempstead County, Arkansas;
common.
82. Cratægus texana Buckl.
[Illustration: Fig. 434]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute or rarely rounded at apex, broadly
concave-cuneate at base, coarsely doubly glandular-serrate above, and
usually divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of broad acute lobes,
covered above when they unfold with short soft pale hairs and below with
a thick coat of hoary tomentum, more than half grown when the flowers
open late in March, and at maturity thick and firm, dark green and
lustrous above, pale and pubescent or tomentose below, particularly on
the stout midrib, primary veins, prominent secondary veins and
reticulate veinlets, 3′—4′ long, 2½′—3′ wide; petioles stout, deeply
grooved, more or less winged above, at first tomentose, becoming nearly
glabrous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at the broad base, more deeply
lobed, and frequently 3′ long and wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on
elongated slender densely villose pedicels, in broad open many-flowered
tomentose corymbs, with oblong or oblong-obovate acute conspicuous
villose bracts and bractlets often 1½′ in length; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, coated with pale tomentum, the lobes foliaceous, gradually
narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, and
villose with long matted pale hairs; stamens 20; anthers large, dark
red; styles 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum.
Fruit ripening toward the end of October, in drooping many-fruited
tomentose ultimately glabrous clusters, obovoid and tomentose until
nearly grown, becoming when fully ripe short-oblong or slightly obovoid,
rounded at the ends, bright scarlet, marked by occasional large pale
dots, puberulous at apex, ¾′—1′ long; calyx enlarged, with
glandular-serrate usually erect lobes, dark red at base on the upper
side, often deciduous before the ripening of the fruit; flesh thick,
yellow, sweet, and edible; nutlets 5, slightly grooved on the back,
¼′—⅓′ long.
A tree, often 30° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter,
thick branches ascending while the tree is young, forming an open
irregular crown, and spreading in old age into a broad symmetrical
round-topped head, and branchlets dark bronze-green and covered with
long matted white hairs when they first appear, becoming dull reddish
brown and ultimately pale ashy gray, and armed with occasional thin
nearly straight bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines usually about 2′
long, or often unarmed.
Distribution. Rich bottom-lands, Texas coast region; valley of the lower
Brazos River to those of the Navidad (Canardo, Jackson County),
Guadalupe (Victoria, Victoria County), and Cibolo (Sutherland Springs,
Wilson County).
83. Cratægus quercina Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 435]
Leaves elliptic to obovate, usually acute or occasionally rounded at
apex, obtusely or acutely cuneate at the entire base, irregularly doubly
serrate above with slender glandular teeth, and often divided above the
midrib into narrow acuminate lobes, when they unfold conspicuously
plicate, often dark red and coated above with long soft pale hairs and
covered below with a thick coat of silvery white shining tomentum, about
a third grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of March,
and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark green, lustrous and
scabrate above, pale and pubescent or tomentose below, and 2′—2½′ long
and wide, with a slender midrib, 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins, and
conspicuous reticulate veinlets; petioles stout, tomentose, about ½′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or
obtusely cuneate at the wide base, usually deeply divided into numerous
acuminate lateral lobes, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in
diameter, on long slender tomentose pedicels, in broad many-flowered lax
hoary-tomentose corymbs, with oblong-obovate glandular-serrate villose
bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, hoary-tomentose, the
lobes short, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose; stamens 20;
anthers small, dark red; styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of long
snow-white hairs. Fruit ripening after the middle of October, on slender
nearly glabrous pedicels, in few-fruited tomentose spreading clusters,
subglobose but often rather longer than broad, rounded at the ends,
tomentose until nearly fully grown, glabrous at maturity, dark red,
marked by numerous large pale dots, about ½′ in diameter; calyx
prominent, with short spreading often deciduous lobes; flesh thin, light
yellow, hard and dry, generally shrivelling before the fruit falls;
nutlets 5, rounded and ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, remarkable for the lustre of its white tomentum, occasionally
25° high, with a tall trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, covered with light gray
scaly bark, becoming near the base of old trees deeply furrowed and
nearly black, ascending branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and
branchlets coated when they first appear with hoary tomentum, becoming
light red-brown and more or less villose during their first season,
glabrous and rather darker in their second year, and armed with numerous
straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines usually 1′—1¼′
long.
Distribution. Sandy bottom-lands in open Live Oak-forests on the Brazos
River, near Columbia, Brazoria County, Texas.
84. Cratægus pyriformis Britt.
[Illustration: Fig. 436]
Leaves oval to broad-ovate, acute and often short-pointed at apex,
gradually narrowed and concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply and
sometimes doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and often
slightly and irregularly lobed above the middle, fully grown when the
flowers open about the 10th of May and then thin, light yellow-green,
roughened above by short rigid pale hairs and pubescent below,
particularly on the slender midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of remote primary
veins, and at maturity thin and firm, lustrous and scabrate on the upper
surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface, and generally about 3′
long and 2′ wide; petioles slender, winged at apex, tomentose,
ultimately pubescent, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots usually ovate, coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and
frequently 4′—5′ long and 3′—4′ wide. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on long
slender tomentose pedicels, in broad many-flowered lax corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, the lobes narrow, acuminate,
glandular-serrate, and covered more or less thickly with pale hairs;
stamens 20; anthers pale rose color; styles 4 or 5, usually 5,
surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in
October, on long slender pubescent pedicels, in drooping few-fruited
clusters, obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright cherry-red, lustrous,
marked by occasional large pale dots, about ⅝′ long and ½′ in diameter;
calyx prominent, with linear glandular-serrate closely appressed lobes
often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, light yellow,
juicy; nutlets 4 or usually 5, rounded, and deeply grooved on the back,
dark brown, ⅝′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, spreading
branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and slender branchlets light
green and villose when they first appear with long matted pale hairs,
dull red-brown and pubescent in their first season, becoming glabrous
the following year, and armed with occasional thin nearly straight
bright chestnut-brown shining spines usually about 1½′ long.
Distribution. Rich bottom-lands of the streams of Shannon County,
southern Missouri.
85. Cratægus lanuginosa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 437]
Leaves ovate to suborbicular, acute or rounded and short-pointed at
apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely and
sharply doubly serrate above with glandular teeth, and often irregularly
divided above the middle into short broad acute lateral lobes, less than
half grown when the flowers open during the last week of April and then
dark green and villose above and covered below with a thick coat of
hoary tomentum, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark blue-green, lustrous
and scabrate on the upper surface, yellow-green and tomentose on the
lower surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a thick midrib, and
3—5 pairs of stout primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the
lobes; petioles stout, tomentose, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots often broad-ovate, very coarsely glandular-serrate,
rounded or truncate at base, and frequently 3′ long and wide. Flowers ¾′
in diameter, on short stout pedicels covered with long matted pale
hairs, in compact many-flowered hoary-tomentose corymbs, with large
glandular-serrate conspicuous bracts and bractlets persistent until the
flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, hairy, the lobes short, broad,
acute, glandular with minute stipitate glands, densely villose on the
outer surface and slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20;
anthers rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by large tufts of
snow-white hairs. Fruit ripening at the end of October, on short
tomentose erect pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, subglobose to
short-oblong, rounded and slightly hairy at the ends, ½′ in diameter;
calyx enlarged, with villose coarsely serrate usually erect spreading or
incurved persistent lobes bright red on the upper side near the base;
flesh thin, orange color, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and
very irregularly ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a stout trunk covered with pale bark,
spreading and erect branches, and stout zigzag branchlets light green
and villose early in the season, dull red-brown and sparingly villose or
pubescent at the end of their first year, becoming dark or light
gray-brown, and armed with many long straight purple shining ultimately
ashy gray spines 1¼′—3½′ in length.
Distribution. Southwestern Missouri; common near Webb City, Jasper
County; well distinguished by the distinctly blue color of the small
leaves, the dark crimson hard fruits and by the remarkable development
of the spines unusual in the species of this group.
86. Cratægus arnoldiana Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 438]
Leaves broad-ovate or rarely oval, acute, regularly divided above the
middle into numerous short acute lobes, and coarsely doubly serrate with
straight glandular teeth except at the rounded truncate or occasionally
cuneate base, coated with dense matted pale hairs when they unfold,
about half grown when the flowers open at the end of May or early in
June and then roughened above by stout stiff hairs and soft-pubescent
below, and at maturity thin, smooth, very dark green and lustrous above,
paler below, and slightly villose on the under side of the slender
midrib, and of the thin prominent primary veins extending to the point
of the lobes, 2′—3′ long and wide; petioles slender, densely villose
early in the season, becoming puberulous, ¾′—1½′ in length; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots acute or acuminate, round or obtusely cuneate
at base, more deeply lobed, often 3′—4′ long and 3′ wide. Flowers about
¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in broad many-flowered tomentose
corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, densely tomentose, the lobes
narrow, elongated, acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose on both
surfaces; stamens 10; anthers, large, pale yellow; styles 3—5, usually 3
or 4, surrounded at base by a broad ring of thick hoary tomentum. Fruit
ripening about the middle of August and mostly falling before the first
of September, on stout pedicels, in erect spreading or rarely drooping
few-fruited villose clusters, subglobose but rather longer than broad,
bright crimson marked by many large pale dots, villose, particularly
toward the ends, with long scattered white hairs, ¾′ long; calyx little
enlarged, with elongated coarsely glandular-serrate spreading lobes
often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, bright yellow,
subacid; nutlets 3 or 4, light-colored, prominently ridged on the back
with a high rounded ridge, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a short trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, stout
ascending branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender
conspicuously zigzag branchlets clothed early in the season with long
matted pale hairs, becoming dark orange-brown and very lustrous before
midsummer, glabrous or puberulous during their first winter, bright
orange-brown or gray-brown during their second year, and armed with many
stout straight or slightly curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines
2½′—3′ long.
Distribution. Thickets on a dry bank in the Arnold Arboretum, valley of
the Mystic River at West Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and
near Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.
Often cultivated in the parks and gardens in the neighborhood of Boston;
very conspicuous and easily recognized in winter by its ascending
remarkably zigzag branchlets.
87. Cratægus champlainensis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 439]
Leaves ovate, acute, rounded, truncate, slightly cordate or
broad-cuneate at base, usually divided into 2 or 3 pairs of short narrow
acute lobes, and coarsely often doubly serrate with glandular teeth,
roughened above by short pale hairs and villose below when they unfold,
nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in June, and at maturity
thick and firm in texture, conspicuously blue-green and glabrous above,
light yellow-green and somewhat pubescent below on the slender midrib
and remote primary veins, 2′—2½′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide; petioles
slender, more or less tomentose early in the season, usually becoming
glabrous and light red below the middle before autumn, and ¾′—1′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or
slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed, and often 3′—4′ long and
wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on short slender densely villose pedicels,
in compact few-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, coated with thick hoary tomentum, the lobes lanceolate, finely
glandular-serrate, tomentose on the outer surface usually only below the
middle, villose on the inner surface; stamens 10; anthers small, light
yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit
ripening early in September and usually remaining on the branches during
the remainder of the year, on short slightly pubescent pedicels, in
compact erect villose clusters, obovoid to short-oblong, bright scarlet,
marked by scattered pale dots, more or less villose or pubescent toward
the ends; calyx prominent, persistent, with a long tube, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, finely
glandular-serrate, villose, dark red on the upper side below the middle,
spreading or erect; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5,
ridged on the back with a broad ridge, 5/16′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with
deeply fissured bark separating into thin loose plate-like scales, stout
wide-spreading branches forming a broad round-topped often symmetrical
head, and slender somewhat zigzag branchlets coated early in the season
with hoary tomentum, soon becoming glabrous and light chestnut-brown and
lustrous, and armed with straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown
spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Limestone ridges; valley of the St. Lawrence River near
Montreal, Province of Quebec, southward through the Champlain valley to
eastern New York and westward through New York, and southern Ontario to
the neighborhood of Toronto.
88. Cratægus pennsylvanica Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 440]
Leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded or abruptly cuneate at base, coarsely
often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided
into 3 or 4 pairs of short broad acuminate lobes, slightly tinged with
red when they unfold, more than half grown when the flowers open the
middle of May and then thin, dark yellow-green and roughened above by
short white hairs and villose on the prominent midrib and primary veins
below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper
surface, paler, scabrate and still somewhat villose on the midrib and
veins below, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—2¾′ wide; petioles slender, slightly
wing-margined at apex, villose through the season, occasionally
glandular, 1¼′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
rounded or truncate at base, coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and
often 4′—4½′ long and broad, with a stout midrib, prominent primary
veins, a conspicuously glandular petiole, and large foliaceous lunate
coarsely glandular-serrate persistent stipules. Flowers ¾′—1′ in
diameter, on slender densely villose pedicels in broad lax hairy mostly
8—15-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with long
white hairs, the lobes long, slender, acuminate, laciniately
glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner
surface; stamens 8—12; anthers faintly tinged with pink; styles 3—5.
Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on short stout drooping
slightly hairy pedicels, in 4—12-fruited clusters, short-obovoid, full
and rounded at apex, bright orange-red marked by small pale dots,
puberulous at the ends, ¾′—1′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with
small spreading lobes dark red on the upper side, their tips often
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, orange-yellow, somewhat
acidulous, edible, sometimes made into jelly; nutlets 3—5, rounded at
apex, acute at base, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged on the back,
about ⅓′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall trunk often 18′ in diameter,
covered with dark gray scaly bark, large spreading branches forming a
wide symmetrical round-topped head, and stout slightly zigzag branchlets
dark orange-green and more or less tinged with red when they first
appear, becoming dark chestnut-brown, marked by large dark lenticels and
more or less pubescent in their first season, dark red-brown the
following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved
chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Meadows in low moist soil near Pittsburgh, Allegheny
County, Pennsylvania.
89. Cratægus submollis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 441]
Leaves ovate, acute, gradually narrowed and cuneate at the nearly entire
base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and
divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute lobes, half grown at the end of
May or early in June when the flowers open and then roughened above by
short stiff pale hairs and soft-pubescent below, particularly on the
midrib and veins, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate
above, pale below, 3′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a thick yellow
midrib and remote primary veins puberulous on the lower side; petioles
stout, nearly terete, more or less winged at apex, tomentose early in
the season, becoming puberulous, often bright red toward the base, 1′—2′
in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, cuneate,
rounded, truncate, or occasionally slightly cordate at base, often 4′
long and 3′—3½′ wide. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on long slender villose
pedicels, in broad many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, covered with a thick coat of long matted white hairs, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, glandular with large red
stipitate glands, glabrous or villose on the outer surface; stamens 10;
anthers small, pale yellow; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow
ring of long white hairs. Fruit ripening and falling during the first
half of September, on elongated slender slightly villose pedicels, in
broad gracefully drooping many-fruited clusters, obovoid, bright
orange-red, lustrous, marked by large scattered pale dots, puberulous
toward the base, about ¾′ long; calyx much enlarged, with erect coarsely
glandular-serrate persistent lobes; flesh yellow, thin, subacid, dry and
mealy; nutlets usually 5, rounded and slightly ridged on the back, about
⅓′ in length.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk occasionally a foot in diameter,
ascending or spreading ashy gray branches forming a broad handsome head,
and branchlets dark green and coated with hoary tomentum when they first
appear, light or dark orange-brown and slightly tomentose at midsummer,
becoming glabrous, lustrous, and light red-brown or dark orange-brown,
and armed with numerous thin straight or somewhat curved bright
chestnut-brown shining spines 2½′—3′ in length.
Distribution. Rich damp hillsides and the borders of woods and roads;
valley of the St. Lawrence River from the Isle of Orleans westward; Hull
County, Province of Quebec; near Ottawa, Ontario; valley of the
Penobscot River and Gerrish Island, Maine to the coast of eastern
Massachusetts.
90. Cratægus Ellwangeriana Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 442]
Leaves oval, acute, rounded or broad-cuneate at the entire base,
irregularly divided usually only above the middle into numerous short
acute lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate above with straight
or incurved glandular teeth, about half grown when the flowers open the
middle of May, and then roughened above by short pale hairs and villose
below on the slender midrib and primary veins, and at maturity thin,
light green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and nearly glabrous
on the lower surface, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—3′ wide; petioles slender,
villose early in the season, finally glabrous, 1½′—2′ in length;
stipules oblong-obovate, acute, villose, coarsely glandular-serrate, ½′
long, those of the upper leaves mostly persistent until after the
ripening of the fruit. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout hairy
pedicels, in many-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, villose, the lobes long, lanceolate, glandular with small pale
stalked glands, villose on both surfaces; stamens 10, sometimes 8;
anthers small, rose color; styles 3—5. Fruit ripening and falling at the
end of September, on slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping villose
many-fruited crowded clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the
ends, bright crimson, lustrous, covered at the ends with scattered pale
hairs, 1′ long, and ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes
elongated, glandular-serrate above the middle, villose on the inner
surface, spreading, or erect and incurved; flesh thin, yellow, juicy and
acid; nutlets 3—5, thick, pale brown, deeply and often doubly and
irregularly grooved on the back, ¼′—⅓′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a tall trunk often a foot in diameter,
covered with pale gray scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming a
broad symmetrical head, and slender zigzag branchlets dark green and
clothed at first with long matted pale hairs, becoming in their first
summer light chestnut-brown and slightly villose, dark chestnut-brown
and very lustrous in their second year, and armed with stout straight or
somewhat curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Western New York (common) to western Pennsylvania, and
through southern Ontario to southern Michigan.
91. Cratægus Robesoniana Sarg.
_Cratægus spissiflora_ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 443]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded broadly cuneate
or rarely cordate at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with
slender straight gland-tipped teeth, and deeply divided into numerous
broad acute or acuminate lateral lobes, villose above and densely
tomentose below when they unfold, about half grown when the flowers open
at the end of May and then roughened above by short rigid white hairs
and pubescent below on the midrib and veins, and at maturity dark
yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, glabrous on the lower
surface, 3′—3½′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 4 or 5
pairs of prominent veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes;
petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at apex, slightly grooved,
sparingly glandular, villose early in the season, becoming glabrous and
rose color in the autumn, 1¼′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots cordate or rarely cuneate at base, deeply lobed, often
4′ long and 3½′ wide, with a stout conspicuous glandular petiole.
Flowers ⅔′ in diameter, on short slender villose pedicels, in small very
compact few, usually 4—6-flowered, thin-branched villose corymbs, with
oblong-obovate acuminate glandular bracts and bractlets mostly deciduous
before the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long
matted white hairs, the lobes slender, acuminate, finely
glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner
surface; stamens 10; anthers dark rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded
at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening at the end of
September or early in October, on short reddish pubescent pedicels, in
compact drooping clusters, oblong-obovoid to short-oblong, scarlet,
lustrous, marked by small pale dots, about ¾′ long, and ½′ in diameter;
calyx little enlarged, with spreading sharply serrate lobes often
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy;
nutlets 4 or 5, thin, acute at the ends, rounded or only slightly
grooved on the back, about ⅝′ in length.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk often 1° in diameter, covered with
smooth pale gray bark, and stout spreading branches forming a
round-topped head, and stout slightly zigzag dark red-brown branchlets
sparingly villose early in the season, soon glabrous, bright red-brown,
very lustrous and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their
first season, becoming dark gray or gray-brown the following year, and
armed with few stout spreading bright chestnut-brown shining ultimately
gray spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Western Massachusetts through central and western New York
to the neighborhood of Toronto, southern Ontario.
92. Cratægus anomala Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 444]
Leaves ovate, acute, divided above the middle into 5 or 6 pairs of short
acute or acuminate lobes, and coarsely doubly serrate with spreading
glandular teeth except toward the broad-cuneate or occasionally rounded
base, when they unfold conspicuously plicate, covered above with short
appressed pale hairs, and villose below, especially on the slender
midrib, and thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the lobes,
about a third grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and at
maturity membranaceous, light yellow-green, smooth and glabrous above,
paler and villose below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—3′ wide; petioles stout,
glandular on the upper side with scattered dark glands, ¾′—1′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots, rounded or truncate at base, and
often 4′—4½′ long and 2½′—3′ wide. Flowers saucer-shaped, ½′ in diameter
when fully expanded, on elongated slender hairy pedicels, in broad loose
many-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with
long matted pale hairs, the lobes long, acuminate, coarsely
glandular-serrate, pubescent on the outer surface and tomentose on the
inner surface; stamens usually 10, occasionally 7 or 8; anthers large,
bright red; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
tomentum. Fruit ripening in October, on long slender slightly pubescent
pedicels, in loose many-fruited sparingly villose clusters, obovoid to
oblong, gradually narrowed to the rounded base, crimson, lustrous,
marked by large pale dots, slightly villose, particularly toward the
full and rounded apex, ¾′—⅞′ long, ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx large and
prominent, with elongated acuminate lobes abruptly narrowed from a broad
base, dark red on the upper side, tomentose on the lower, finely
glandular-serrate, spreading or closely appressed, often deciduous
before the ripening of the fruit; flesh thin, light yellow, somewhat
juicy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, prominently and irregularly ridged on the
back, ¼′—5/16′ long.
A bushy tree, sometimes 20° high, with a short trunk 6′ in diameter,
covered with pale gray-brown scaly bark, stout ascending branches, and
slender somewhat zigzag branchlets at first dark green and villose with
long matted white hairs, puberulous and light orange-brown during their
first season, becoming glabrous and orange-brown or bright red, and
armed with numerous stout straight or slightly curved bright
chestnut-brown spines 1¼′—2′ long.
Distribution. Low limestone ridges near the banks of the St. Lawrence
River in the Caughnawaga Indian Reservation opposite Lachine in the
Province of Quebec; western Vermont (Clarendon, Rutland County); Crown
Point, Essex County, and Fort Ann, Washington County, New York.
93. Cratægus noelensis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 445]
Leaves ovate to oval, acute, acuminate or rarely rounded at apex,
acutely or broadly cuneate at base, and coarsely doubly serrate with
straight teeth, covered above with short white hairs and densely
villose-pubescent below when they unfold, more than half grown when the
flowers open at the end of April, and at maturity dark yellow-green,
smooth and glabrous on the upper surface, villose-pubescent on the lower
surface, 2′—3′ long, and 1¼′—2½′ wide, with a prominent midrib and thin
conspicuous primary veins; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at
apex, hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, 1′—1¼′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots ovate, acuminate, rounded
or cuneate at the broad base, more coarsely serrate, usually laterally
lobed with short broad acuminate lobes, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide.
Flowers ¾′ to nearly 1′ in diameter, on short pedicels densely covered
like the narrow obconic calyx-tube and the compact 5—10-flowered corymb
with long matted white hairs; calyx-lobes slender, long-acuminate,
minutely glandular-serrate, slightly villose; stamens 5—10, usually 10;
anthers rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of
pale tomentum. Fruit ripening in September, on slender drooping
pubescent pedicels, subglobose, orange-red, ½′—⅔′ in diameter, the calyx
prominent with a short tube and spreading closely appressed lobes; flesh
thin, soft and yellow; nutlets 3—5, rounded at base, narrowed and
rounded at apex, slightly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—18° high, with a trunk sometimes 1° in diameter, spreading
branches forming a broad flat or round-topped head, and stout zigzag
branchlets coated when they first appear with matted white hairs,
reddish brown, pubescent or puberulous during their first season and
gray the following year, and armed with few or many slender straight
purple lustrous spines 1′—2½′ in length, sometimes persistent and
compound on old trunks.
Distribution. Rich alluvial soil; in the neighborhood of Noel, McDonald
County, Missouri; common.
IX. COCCINEÆ.
_Flabellatæ_ Sarg.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 20; leaves yellow-green and scabrate above.
Leaves ovate; anthers deep rose-purple; fruit obovoid to
short-oblong, bright red, often slightly pruinose.
94. C. neo-londinensis (A).
Leaves oblong-ovate; anthers pink; fruit obovoid, crimson, lustrous.
95. C. Hillii (A).
Stamens 10—20, usually 10; anthers pinkish purple, leaves broad-ovate,
dull dark green and scabrate above; fruit short-oblong to
slightly obovoid, dull red or crimson.
96. C. assurgens (A).
Stamens usually 10.
Fruit on short stout pedicels; leaves yellow-green and glabrous
above.
Leaves oval, drooping, conspicuously concave; anthers purple;
fruit short-oblong, dark dull red, villose at the ends.
97. C. Pringlei (A).
Leaves oval to oblong-ovate; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit
short-oblong, crimson, lustrous.
98. C. lobulata (A).
Fruit on long slender pedicels; leaves broad-ovate to obovate or
rhombic, dark rich green and scabrate above; anthers rose
color; fruit short-oblong, bright scarlet, lustrous.
99. C. pedicellata (A).
Stamens usually 5—7, rarely 10.
Fruit obovoid to ellipsoidal; leaves oval or ovate, conspicuously
yellow-green; anthers dark reddish purple; fruit crimson,
lustrous.
100. C. Holmesiana (A).
Fruit short-oblong; leaves oblong-ovate, deep yellow-green, nearly
smooth above; anthers pink; fruit yellowish red, glaucous.
101. C. acclivis (A).
Fruit subglobose to obovoid.
Leaves glabrous above; anthers dark rose color.
Leaves broad-ovate, thin, light yellow-green and lustrous above;
fruit bright red or scarlet.
102. C. delecta (A).
Leaves oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, dark dull green; fruit
bright cherry-red, pruinose.
103. C. Eamesii (A).
Leaves scabrate above, oblong-ovate, thin, dark yellow-green;
anthers pale rose color; fruit crimson.
104. C. sertata (A).
94. Cratægus neo-londinensis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 446]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded, truncate or broadly
concave-cuneate at the wide entire or glandular base, sharply often
doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into
numerous short narrow acuminate lateral lobes, about half grown when the
flowers open the middle of May and then very thin, light yellow-green
and roughened above by short white rigid hairs and paler and sparingly
hairy below, and at maturity membranaceous, dull yellow-green and
scabrate on the upper surface, pale green and glabrous below, or
occasionally slightly hairy on the under side of the stout yellow
midrib, and of the thin remote primary veins arching to the point of the
lobes, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3½′ wide; petioles slender, nearly terete,
glandular, at first slightly hairy, becoming glabrous and purplish
toward the base, 1′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
only slightly larger. Flowers 1′—1⅛′ in diameter, on slender sparingly
villose pedicels, in lax slightly drooping usually 5—12-flowered villose
or nearly glabrous corymbs, with linear often slightly falcate glandular
bracts and bractlets, persistent until after the flowers open;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with short matted pale hairs, the
lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, coarsely
glandular-serrate below the middle, glabrous on the outer, villose on
the inner surface; stamens 17—21, usually 20; anthers deep rose-purple;
styles 4 or 5, usually 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
tomentum. Fruit ripening and beginning to fall early in September, on
stout villose or glabrous pedicels, in large drooping few-fruited
clusters, obovoid or short-oblong, bright red, often slightly pruinose,
marked by numerous minute pale dots, ⅝′—¾′ long, ½′—⅝′ in diameter;
calyx enlarged, prominent, with spreading or erect and incurved coarsely
serrate persistent lobes, their upper surface bright red below the
middle and covered above with soft white hairs; flesh thick,
orange-yellow, soft, juicy and acidulous; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, narrowed
at the ends, acute at base, rounded at apex, rounded and sometimes
broadly grooved on the back, about 5/16′ long.
A tree, often 20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered
with light grayish brown slightly fissured bark, large spreading and
drooping branches forming an open head often 20° across, and slender
branchlets olive-green and slightly hairy when they first appear, dull
red-brown and marked by many large pale lenticels during their first
season, becoming light gray and rather lustrous, and armed with stout
straight dark purple shining ultimately gray spines often 2′ long.
Distribution. Borders of woods near the shores of Fisher’s Island Sound,
Mumford’s Point, Groton, and near Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.
95. Cratægus Hillii Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 447]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the broad
entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular
teeth, and divided into numerous short acuminate lateral lobes, when
they unfold coated above with short lustrous white hairs and densely
tomentose below, particularly on the midrib and veins, about one fourth
grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then roughened above
by short hairs and villose below, and at maturity thin, light
yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the
lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a slender midrib often
slightly hairy near the base, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins
extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, densely
villose early in the season, slightly hairy in the autumn, and ⅝′—1½′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often truncate or slightly
cordate at base, deeply lobed with broad triangular lobes, and 3½′—4′
long and wide, with a stout rose-colored glandular petiole, and hairy
lunate glandular-serrate stipules. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on
slender densely villose pedicels, in broad many-flowered hairy compound
corymbs, their large linear to oblong bracts and bractlets occasionally
persistent until midsummer; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly covered
with long spreading white hairs, the lobes abruptly narrowed at base,
broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer
surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers pink; styles
4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit
ripening from the middle to the end of September, on slender puberulous
pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid, broad and rounded
at apex, gradually narrowed to the rounded base, crimson, lustrous,
marked by small pale dots, ½′—⅝′ long, ⅜′—½′ in diameter; calyx only
slightly enlarged, with closely appressed coarsely serrate lobes often
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh yellow, thin, acidulous, juicy;
nutlets 4 or 5, thin, gradually narrowed and acute at the ends,
irregularly ridged and sometimes grooved on the back, about ⅜′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a trunk sometimes a foot in diameter and 6°
or 7° long, covered with close light gray bark tinged with red and
divided by shallow fissures into small plates, stout ascending branches
forming an open irregular often round-topped head, and slender nearly
straight branchlets densely villose when they first appear, dark orange
color tinged with red and sparingly villose when the flowers open,
becoming bright red-brown and lustrous at the end of their first season
and dark dull reddish brown the following year, and sparingly armed with
slender nearly straight red-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Open woods near the borders of streams in moist rich soil;
northeastern Illinois (Thatcher’s Park, Glendon Park, and River Forest,
Cook County); not common.
96. Cratægus assurgens Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 448]
Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the wide
entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight gland-tipped
teeth, and slightly divided, into 3 or 4 pairs of small acuminate lobes,
about one third grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then
roughened above by short white hairs and glabrous or sparingly villose
below, with persistent hairs on the slender yellow midrib, and on the
veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes, and at maturity
membranaceous, dull dark green and scabrate on the upper surface, light
yellow-green on the lower surface, 2¾′—3½′ long, and 2¼′—2¾′ wide;
petioles slender, villose early in the season, becoming pubescent,
1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deeply
lobed, coarsely serrate, sometimes 4′ long and wide, with long stout
glandular petioles and foliaceous lunate acuminate coarsely
glandular-serrate persistent stipules. Flowers ¾′—⅝′ in diameter, on
short villose pedicels, in compact 8—15-flowered hairy corymbs, with
oblong, acuminate, glandular bracts and bractlets, deciduous with the
opening of the flowers; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, sparingly villose,
the lobes long, narrow, acuminate, tipped with minute red glands, finely
glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner
surface; stamens 10—20, usually 10; anthers pinkish purple; styles 4 or
5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening from the
15th to the 20th of September, and usually falling about the 1st of
October, on short glabrous pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters,
short-oblong to slightly obovoid, dull red to crimson, ½′—⅝′ long, about
½′ wide; calyx sessile, with spreading closely appressed serrate usually
persistent lobes; flesh thin, pale yellow or nearly white, acidulous;
nutlets 4 or 5, broad, narrow and acute at the ends, prominently ridged
on the back with a high narrow ridge, or often grooved, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk 2′—6′ in diameter and often
6°—9° long, covered with close dark gray bark, ascending branches
forming an oblong, open head, and slender branchlets light orange-yellow
and covered when they first appear with long scattered caducous white
hairs, becoming bright red-brown and lustrous, and dark gray-brown the
following year, and armed with many stout usually slightly curved bright
red-brown shining spines, 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. River banks and low woods in rich soil; northeastern
Illinois (Leyden township, La Grange, Thatcher’s Park, Cook County,
Highland Park, Deerfield, Wauconda, Lake County); Fox Point, Milwaukee
County, Wisconsin.
97. Cratægus Pringlei Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 449]
Leaves oval, acute, rounded or often abruptly narrowed and cuneate at
base, occasionally irregularly lobed above the middle with short broad
acute lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate with glandular teeth,
as they unfold villose on both surfaces, and often more or less tinged
with red, when the flowers open, usually in the last week of May,
roughened above by short closely appressed pale hairs and glabrous below
with the exception of a few hairs on the slender midrib and remote
primary veins, and at maturity thin, glabrous, and bright yellow-green
on the upper surface, pale below, 2′—2½′ long, and 1¾′—2¼′ wide, usually
conspicuously concave by the gradual turning down of the blades from the
midrib to the margins, drooping on long thin slender glandular petioles
at first villose, ultimately glabrous, 1′—1¾′ in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at the
base, and frequently 3′ long and wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on
stout hairy pedicels, in many-flowered compound villose corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, particularly toward the base, the
lobes narrow, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose on both
surfaces or only on the inner surface; stamens 10, occasionally 5—10;
anthers small, purple; styles 3—5, surrounded at the base by conspicuous
tufts of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling late in September or
early in October, on stout pedicels, in erect villose mostly few-fruited
clusters, short-oblong, dark dull red, marked by few dark dots, villose
at the ends with long scattered pale hairs, ¾′ long and ⅝′ in diameter;
calyx little enlarged, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base,
acuminate, glandular-serrate, often erect; flesh thick, yellow, dry and
acid, with a disagreeable flavor; nutlets 3—5, rounded and slightly
ridged on the back, ⅓′ long.
A tree, occasionally 25° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter,
covered with thin bark separating into large flakes broken into small
loose dark red-brown scales, stout branches forming a wide symmetrical
head, and slightly zigzag branchlets at first dark green and villose,
soon becoming glabrous, chestnut-brown and lustrous, bright orange-brown
during their second year, and armed with thick straight or somewhat
curved chestnut-brown spines often 1½′ long.
Distribution. Southern New Hampshire, through southern Vermont to
western Massachusetts and eastern New York; through central and western
New York and southern Ontario to northeastern Ohio (Plymouth, Ashtabula
County), the southern peninsula of Michigan and northeastern Illinois.
98. Cratægus lobulata Sarg. Red Haw.
[Illustration: Fig. 450]
Leaves oval to oblong-ovate, acute at apex, broad-cuneate or rounded at
the entire base, sharply and often doubly serrate above with straight
glandular teeth, and deeply divided into numerous narrow acute or
acuminate lobes spreading or pointing to the apex or to the base of the
leaf, when they first appear and until after the opening of the flowers
during the last week in May covered above with short soft pale hairs and
slightly pubescent below on the slender midrib, and thin primary veins
arching to the point of the lobes, and at maturity thin, dark
yellow-green and glabrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower
surface, with occasional short white hairs toward the base of the
midrib, 2½′—3½′ long and 2′—2½′ wide; petioles slender, nearly terete,
at first tomentose, particularly at the base, becoming pubescent or
nearly glabrous and bright red, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or truncate at the broad base,
divided into numerous acuminate lateral lobes, often 3½′—4′ long and
3′—3½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on elongated slender pedicels, in
rather compact many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with linear-lanceolate
glandular-serrate bright red bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, glabrous, or villose toward the base, dark red, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, glabrous, coarsely
glandular-serrate with large dark red stipitate glands; stamens usually
10, occasionally 5—10; anthers small, dark reddish purple; styles 3—5,
sometimes surrounded at the base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit
ripening and falling early in October, on short stout pedicels, in erect
compact tomentulose clusters, short-oblong, somewhat flattened at the
rounded ends, bright crimson, very lustrous, marked by occasional small
white dots, about ¾′ long and ⅝′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the
lobes small, lanceolate, coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the
upper surface, erect and incurved, persistent; flesh thick, yellow,
sweet and juicy; nutlets 3—5, thin, dark colored, ridged and often
grooved on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 35° high, with a straight trunk often a foot in
diameter, covered with dark red-brown fissured bark broken into small
thick plate-like scales, stout generally ascending branches forming an
open usually narrow irregular head, and slender branchlets, dark green
and covered with matted pale hairs when they first appear, becoming
bright chestnut-brown and very lustrous during their first season, and
light orange-brown the following year, and armed with many stout nearly
straight chestnut-brown spines rarely more than 1′ in length.
Distribution. Burlington, Chittenden County, Vermont, and southward
through the Champlain valley to Crown Point, Essex County and to the
neighborhood of Albany, New York; western Massachusetts to southern
Connecticut (Stratford, Fairfield County); common.
99. Cratægus pedicellata Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 451]
Leaves broad-ovate or occasionally obovate or rhombic, acute or
acuminate, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely often
doubly serrate above with spreading glandular teeth, and divided above
the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of short acute or acuminate lobes, nearly
two thirds grown when the flowers open during the last week in May, and
then roughened above by short rigid pale hairs and glabrous below, and
at maturity membranaceous, dark rich green and scabrate on the upper
surface, pale on the lower surface, 3′—4′ long, and 2′—3′ wide, with a
slender midrib, and thin remote primary veins arching to the point of
the lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular with minute
scattered dark glands, at first villose, becoming glabrous, 1½′—2½′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or
slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed, often 3′—4′ long and 3′
wide. Flowers ½′ in diameter, on long thin pedicels, in loose lax
many-flowered slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes broad, acute, very coarsely glandular-serrate;
stamens usually 10; anthers rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by
a conspicuous ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling during
September, on long slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping glabrous
clusters, obovoid until nearly fully grown, becoming short-oblong when
fully ripe, rounded at the ends, bright scarlet, lustrous, marked by
numerous small dark dots, ¾′ long, and ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx large
and conspicuous, the lobes much enlarged, coarsely serrate, and usually
erect and incurved; flesh pale, thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, narrowed
and acute at the ends, rounded and deeply grooved on the back, about ⅓′
long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter,
covered with close red-brown scaly bark, long comparatively slender
spreading or ascending branches forming a handsome symmetrical head, and
thin branchlets dark chestnut-brown and slightly villose at first,
becoming very lustrous and ashy gray in their second year, and armed
with straight or slightly curved shining chestnut-brown spines 1½′—2′
long.
Distribution. Central and western New York to western Pennsylvania
(Allegheny and Crawford counties), and to southern Ontario to the
neighborhood of Toronto and London; common; passing into var. _gloriosa_
Sarg. differing in its rather larger flowers with pink anthers, larger
and more lustrous fruit often mammillate at base and ripening a few days
earlier and in its convex leaves. A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk
often 1° in diameter, and a symmetrical round-topped head; Rochester,
Munroe County, New York; not common.
100. Cratægus Holmesiana Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 452]
Leaves oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or
broad-cuneate at base, coarsely doubly serrate above the middle with
straight teeth tipped at first with prominent dark red caducous glands,
and usually divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acuminate
lateral lobes, when they unfold dark red, roughened by rigid pale hairs
on the upper surface, and glabrous or sometimes villose on the lower
surface, scabrate above, pale yellow-green and nearly half grown when
the flowers open early in May, and at maturity thick and firm, almost
smooth, conspicuously yellow-green, usually about 2′ long and 1¾′ wide,
with a prominent midrib often bright red on the lower side toward the
base, and 4—6 pairs of slender primary veins arching to the point of the
lobes; petioles slender, nearly terete, glandular, glabrous or sometimes
puberulous while young, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots often broad-ovate to oval, rounded, truncate or slightly cordate
at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, and frequently 4′
long and 3′ wide. Flowers cup-shaped, ½′—¾′ in diameter, on long slender
glabrous pedicels, in loose glabrous or rarely puberulous many-flowered
corymbs, with oblanceolate or linear acute glandular caducous bracts and
bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, more or less deeply
tinged with red, the lobes long, acuminate, glandular-serrate, or often
nearly entire; glabrous on the outer surface, villose-pubescent on the
inner surface; stamens usually 5, sometimes 6—8; anthers large, dark
reddish purple; styles usually 3, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of
pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in September, on long
slender pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid to
ellipsoidal, crimson, lustrous, marked by occasional small dark dots,
about ½′ long, and ⅓′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, conspicuous, with
erect and incurved glandular-serrate lobes, bright red toward the base
on the upper side; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy, with a
disagreeable flavor; nutlets usually 3, light chestnut-brown,
prominently grooved and ridged on the back with a broad rounded ridge,
about ¼′ long.
A tree, often 30° high, with a tall straight trunk 10′—15′ in diameter,
covered with pale gray-brown or nearly white scaly bark, stout ascending
branches forming an open irregular rather compact head, and stout
glabrous branchlets dark green more or less tinged with red when they
first appear, becoming bright chestnut-brown or orange-brown and
lustrous, and ultimately ashy gray, and armed with occasional thick
mostly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Rich moist hillsides and the borders of streams and
swamps, neighborhood of Montreal and southern Ontario to the coast of
southern Maine, central and western Massachusetts, Rhode Island, western
New York, and eastern Pennsylvania; most abundant and of its largest
size on the hills of Worcester County, Massachusetts. In Sellersville,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in a form of this species (var. _villipes_
Ashe) the young branchlets, petioles, and corymbs are often puberulous
and the under surface of the leaves more or less hairy, especially on
the midrib and veins. Passing into var. _tardipes_ Sarg. differing from
the type in its darker green leaves somewhat rougher on the upper
surface, flowers often ⅘′ in diameter on villose pedicels, and in the
shorter slightly hairy pedicels of the fruit ripening early in October.
A tree, in size, habit and bark similar to the species; southern Ontario
(neighborhood of Toronto, common, near London, bank of the St. Claire
River below Sarnia and Walpole Island, Lamberton County); Province of
Quebec (Montreal, Caughnawaga, Isle Perrot, St. Ann’s and Hemmingford);
central and western New York.
101. Cratægus acclivis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 453]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire
base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth,
and deeply divided into numerous wide-spreading acuminate lateral lobes,
when they unfold tinged with red, densely villose on the upper surface,
pubescent on the midrib and veins below, about half grown when the
flowers open during the last week of May and then light yellow-green,
slightly roughened above by short white hairs and pubescent on the
midrib and veins below, and at maturity membranaceous, dark yellow-green
and nearly smooth above, pale yellow-green and glabrous below, 2½′—3′
long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout yellow midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of
primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles
slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, glandular with numerous small
dark glands, densely villose early in the season, becoming puberulous or
glabrous in the autumn, 1½′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots broad-ovate, acuminate, cordate at the wide base, deeply divided
into wide acute lateral lobes, and often 4′—5′ long and wide, with
foliaceous, lunate, coarsely glandular-serrate stipules, 1½′ wide, and
persistent throughout the season. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender
densely villose pedicels, in broad lax many-flowered long-branched hairy
corymbs, their bracts lanceolate, glandular, large and conspicuous,
persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
covered with a thick coat of long matted hairs, the lobes long slender,
acuminate, serrate with occasional large gland-tipped teeth, glabrous on
the outer surface, slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens
usually 5; anthers pink; styles mostly 5. Fruit ripening the middle of
September and soon falling, on long slender slightly hairy pedicels, in
many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, broad and rounded at the
ends, yellowish red, glaucous, marked by occasional pale dots, about ¾′
long and ⅝′ wide; calyx sessile, with usually erect enlarged coarsely
serrate lobes villose on the upper side and often deciduous from the
ripe fruit; flesh thick, yellow, rather juicy; nutlets usually 5, narrow
and acute at the ends, ridged with a high broad ridge, or rounded and
slightly grooved on the back, about ⅝′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a short trunk occasionally 4′—5′ in diameter,
covered with smooth light gray bark, numerous erect branches forming an
oblong open very irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag branchlets
coated when they first appear with long matted pale hairs, light
red-brown and lustrous, marked by small pale lenticels, and pubescent at
the end of their first season, becoming dull red or orange-brown the
following year, and armed with stout straight or curved bright red-brown
shining spines 1¼′—2′ long.
Distribution. New York: near Albany, Albany County, steep banks of the
gorge of the Genesee River, Rochester, Munroe County, banks of the
Niagara River, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, and near Buffalo, Erie
County; common.
102. Cratægus delecta Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 454]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate
at the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight
glandular teeth, and divided usually only above the middle into numerous
short acuminate lateral lobes, when they unfold tinged with red and
covered with glistening white hairs more abundant below than above,
nearly half grown when the flowers open during the first half of May and
then roughened on the upper surface by short white hairs and glabrous or
sparingly villose on the midrib and veins below with scattered hairs
sometimes persistent through the season, and at maturity membranaceous,
light yellow-green, lustrous and glabrous above, paler below, 1½′—2′
long and wide, with a stout yellow midrib, and 6 or 7 pairs of slender
primary veins arching obliquely to the point of the lobes; turning
purplish in the autumn before falling; petioles slender, covered early
in the season with matted pale hairs, becoming glabrous, slightly
glandular, often tinged with red below the middle, ¾′—1′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes long-pointed at apex and
slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed and more coarsely serrate,
and often 3′—4′ long and wide. Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on long
slender slightly hairy pedicels, in broad villose 10—15-flowered
sparingly villose corymbs, with glandular caducous bracts and bractlets;
calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose or nearly glabrous, the lobes
acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface,
villose on the inner surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5; anthers dark rose
color; styles 3—5, usually 5. Fruit ripening from the first to the
middle of September and soon falling, on stout glabrous pedicels, in
drooping few-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, bright
red or scarlet, becoming purple when fully ripe, ½′—¾′ long, and ⅔′—¾′
in diameter; calyx prominent, with erect and incurved coarsely serrate
lobes; flesh thick, yellow, juicy, mildly acid and edible; nutlets 3—5,
usually 5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and very irregularly
ridged on the back, ¼′—5/16′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a trunk rarely 1° in diameter and 6°—9°
long, covered with light gray slightly fissured smooth bark, spreading
or ascending branches forming an oblong open head, and slender
branchlets at first slightly villose, becoming glabrous, dull red, and
ultimately gray or olive-gray, and armed with stout nearly straight
spines much thickened below the middle, dark chestnut-brown and
lustrous, becoming dull brown or gray, and usually 1′—2′ long.
Distribution. Pastures, open woods or their borders; northeastern
Illinois (Lockport, Will County, Wauconda, Fort Sheridan, Deerfield,
Lake Forest, Highland Park, Lake County).
103. Cratægus Eamesii Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 455]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, concave-cuneate or rounded at
the entire or glandular base, sharply often doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral
lobes, about half grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and
then membranaceous, light yellow-green and roughened above by short
rigid white hairs and pale and glabrous below with the exception of a
few hairs on the midrib, and slender primary veins arching to the point
of the lobes, and at maturity subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark rather dull
green and smooth above, pale yellow-green below, 3′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′
wide; petioles slender, wing-margined above, villose at first, becoming
glabrous, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually
rounded or truncate at the broad base, more deeply lobed, often 3½′—4′
long and 3½′ wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on slender slightly
hairy pedicels, in crowded compact 5—25, usually 15—18-flowered
sparingly villose corymbs, with linear-obovate coarsely glandular
reddish bracts and bractlets, mostly deciduous before the flowers open;
calyx narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes long, slender, glandular
with large bright red stipitate glands, glabrous on the outer, slightly
villose on the inner surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5—8; anthers deep
rose-purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale
pubescence. Fruit ripening early in September and soon falling, on stout
glabrous pedicels, in large many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong
to slightly ovoid, rounded at the ends, bright cherry-red, lustrous,
pruinose, marked by few large dark dots, ⅝′—¾′ long, and about ½′ in
diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes erect and incurved,
coarsely serrate, dark red on the upper side below the middle, their
tips deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, pale yellow, juicy;
nutlets 4 or 5, narrow at the ends, irregularly ridged often with a high
broad ridge, and sometimes grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 20° high, with a trunk a foot in diameter,
ascending branches forming a narrow open head, and stout glabrous
branchlets bright reddish brown and rather lustrous during their first
season, becoming light gray slightly tinged with red in their second
year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved spines 1′—1½′
long; or occasionally shrubby, with a short trunk divided near the
ground into several spreading stems.
Distribution. Rich moist ground, Stratford, Fairfield County (_E. H.
Eames_), and Ansonia, New Haven County, Connecticut (_E. B. Harger_).
104. Cratægus sertata Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 456]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded, truncate, subcordate or rarely
cuneate at the broad base, finely and often doubly serrate with straight
gland-tipped teeth, and deeply divided into 5 or 6 pairs of wide
acuminate lobes, when they unfold coated above with short pale hairs and
villose below on the midrib and veins, about half grown and villose when
the flowers open during the first half of May, and at maturity
membranaceous, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale
yellow-green and glabrous on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and 1½′—2′
wide, with a thin yellow midrib, and slender primary veins arching
obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly grooved,
villose early in the season, ultimately glabrous, sparingly glandular,
1½′—3′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate,
rounded or slightly cordate at base, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide. Flowers
¾′—1′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in broad 10—15-flowered densely
villose corymbs, with linear to linear-obovate glandular large and
conspicuous caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous above, villose below, the lobes abruptly narrowed from the
base, broad, acuminate, tipped with small red glands, coarsely
glandular-serrate, glabrate on the outer surface, pubescent on the inner
surface; stamens 5—10, usually 5; anthers pale rose color; styles 3—5,
surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening about the
middle of September and soon falling, on slender villose or pubescent
pedicels, in drooping many-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly
obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright red and lustrous, becoming darker
or crimson when fully ripe, marked by occasional large pale dots, about
½′ long and wide; calyx prominent, with enlarged mostly erect incurved
serrate lobes; flesh thin, yellow, aromatic, pleasantly acid; nutlets
3—5, usually 4, thin, narrow and acute at the ends, slightly ridged on
the back with a wide or narrow ridge, ⅜′ long.
A tree, 10°—20° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter and often 4°—5°
long, covered with close dark gray bark separating into long narrow thin
plate-like scales, stout spreading branches forming a handsome open
head, and slender nearly straight branchlets thickly coated when they
first appear with matted pale hairs, light brown and lustrous at the end
of their first season, and dark gray-brown the following year, and
unarmed or armed with stout nearly straight or curved spines 1′—2½′
long.
Distribution. Open woods and pastures in rich moist soil; northeastern
Illinois (Mokena, Will County, Glenellyn, Dupage County, Barrington,
Glendon Park, Cook County, Highland Park, Lake Zurich, Lake County); Fox
Point, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.
X. DILATATÆ.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Flowers in broad 6—12-flowered corymbs.
Leaves broad-ovate; fruit bright scarlet.
105. C. dilatata (A).
Leaves nearly orbicular to oval; fruit dull red blotched with green,
or orange-red.
106. C. suborbiculata (A).
Leaves ovate to slightly obovate; fruit crimson, pruinose.
107. C. hudsonica (A).
Flowers in very compact 5—7-flowered corymbs; leaves broad-ovate;
fruit usually broader than high, much flattened at the ends,
dark crimson, very lustrous.
108. C. coccinioides (A).
105. Cratægus dilatata Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 457]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute, truncate, cordate or slightly rounded at the
broad base, coarsely and generally doubly and irregularly serrate above
with straight teeth tipped with large dark glands, unequally lobed
usually with 2 or 3 pairs of acute or acuminate lateral lobes, about one
third grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and then light
yellow-green, conspicuously plicate, roughened on the upper surface with
short stiff white hairs and glabrous on the lower surface, and at
maturity smooth and glabrous, dark green above, pale below, 2′—2½′ long,
and almost as wide as long, with a slender midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of
thin primary veins; petioles slender, somewhat glandular, at first
villose, soon glabrous, often dark red toward the base after midsummer,
1′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 4′—5′ long,
and frequently rather broader than long. Flowers 1′—1⅛′ in diameter, on
slender elongated hairy pedicels, in broad, loose, usually 8—12-flowered
slightly villose corymbs, with lanceolate bracts and bractlets glandular
like the inner bud-scales with dark red glands; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, covered toward the base with matted pale hairs, nearly glabrous
above, the lobes broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular with large
scattered red glands, glabrous on the outer surface and generally
slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers large, rose
color; styles usually 5, surrounded at base by small tufts of white
hairs. Fruit ripening and falling early in September, on slender
pedicels, in many-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose, bright scarlet,
marked by numerous small dark dots, about ¾′ in diameter; the calyx much
enlarged, with spreading coarsely serrate lobes bright red on the upper
side toward the base; flesh thin, sweet and yellow; nutlets 5, thin,
rounded and prominently ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 20° high, with a tall straight trunk, covered with
light gray-brown scaly bark, branches spreading into a wide round-topped
symmetrical head, and short glabrous slightly zigzag branchlets armed
with few stout straight light brown shining spines 1′—2′ long.
Distribution. Eastern Massachusetts, coast of Rhode Island, western
Vermont, in the neighborhood of Albany, New York, and near Montreal,
Province of Quebec.
106. Cratægus suborbiculata Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 458]
Leaves nearly orbicular to oval or rarely to oblong, short-pointed at
apex, broad and rounded or broad-cuneate at the entire base, sharply
doubly serrate above with slender straight or incurved glandular teeth,
and often divided above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute
lobes, when they unfold pale yellow-green and somewhat villose on the
upper surface toward the base and below in the axils of the principal
veins, about a third grown when the flowers open during the first week
of June, and at maturity thin and firm in texture, dull dark green
above, paler below, usually about 1½′ long and broad, with a slender
midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins; petioles slender,
slightly glandular, more or less winged above, ⅝′—1′ in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots nearly orbicular to oval, more coarsely
serrate and more deeply lobed, and frequently 3′ long and wide, their
petioles often broadly winged and conspicuously glandular. Flowers ¾′ in
diameter, on short stout pedicels, in compact 6—12-flowered glabrous
corymbs; calyx broadly obconic, the lobes gradually narrowed from a
broad base, long, acuminate, entire or occasionally obscurely
denticulate; stamens 20; anthers small, rose color; styles 5, surrounded
at base by a broad ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit falling in October
without becoming mellow, on short rigid pedicels, in few-fruited erect
clusters, subglobose, often rather longer than broad, about ⅝′ in
diameter, dull red more or less blotched with green, or often wholly
green on one face, or scarlet in one form; calyx enlarged, prominent,
with a broad deep cavity and nearly entire wide-spreading lobes; flesh
yellow, thin, dry and hard; nutlets 5, broad and thick, narrow and
rounded at the ends, obscurely and unequally grooved on the back, about
¼′ long.
A tree, rarely more than 15°—20° high, with a well-developed trunk 5′—6′
in diameter, stout spreading branches forming a broad low flat-topped
head, and stout branchlets orange-brown in their first season, becoming
dark gray-brown the following year, and armed with thick straight or
slightly curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1′—2′ in length.
Distribution. Low limestone ridges opposite Lachine near the south bank
of the St. Lawrence River, and on the Island of Montreal, Province of
Quebec; near Cornwall, Ontario.
107. Cratægus hudsonica Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 459]
Leaves ovate or slightly obovate, acute, gradually and abruptly narrowed
and mostly concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply and often doubly
serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and frequently
slightly divided above the middle into short acute lobes, nearly fully
grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and then thin, light
yellow-green, smooth and glabrous above with the exception of a few
short white scattered hairs on the midrib, and pale and glabrous below,
and at maturity thin and firm in texture, glabrous, 2′—2½′ long, and
1½′—1¾′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of thin
primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles
slender, wing-margined above, glandular, at first slightly hairy,
becoming glabrous and rose color toward the base, ¾′—1′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate to suborbicular, full
and rounded or broad-cuneate at the wide base, deeply divided into broad
lateral lobes, and 2′—3′ long and wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on
long slender pedicels, in broad usually 10—12-flowered glabrous corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from
a broad base, acuminate, glandular-serrate often only below the middle,
glabrous on the outer surface, slightly hairy on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers rose color; styles 3—5. Fruit ripening early in
September, in few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose, crimson,
pruinose, marked by numerous pale dots, about ⅝′ in diameter; calyx
enlarged, with a deep broad cavity, and closely appressed serrate lobes
villose on the upper side; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets
3—5, rounded at base and narrowed and rounded at apex, rounded and
sometimes ridged on the back with a high rounded ridge, about 5/16′
long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
covered with pale scaly bark, heavy ascending and spreading branches
forming a broad open head, and stout ascending glabrous branchlets dark
orange color when they first appear and light orange-brown and lustrous
during their first winter, and armed with numerous slender straight or
slightly curved bright red-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long; sometimes a
broad bush, with numerous stout spreading stems.
Distribution. Rolling hills in the valley of the Hudson River, near
Albany, Albany County, New York.
108. Cratægus coccinioides Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 460]
Leaves broad-ovate, acute, full and rounded or truncate at base, sharply
and often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and divided
above the middle into short acute lobes, as they unfold conspicuously
plicate, very lustrous, yellow-green, and villose on the lower side of
the midrib with a few short pale hairs usually persistent during the
season, about half grown when the flowers open early in May, and at
maturity thin and firm in texture, rather rigid, dull dark green and
smooth on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 2½′—3′ long, and
2′—2½′ wide, with a thin pale yellow midrib deeply impressed above and
often bright red toward the base after midsummer, and slender primary
veins arching to the point of the lobes; turning late in October
gradually bright orange and scarlet; petioles glandular on the upper
side with minute-stalked dark red glands, at first villose, soon
glabrous, often bright red or pink toward the base, ¾′—1′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots more or less cordate at base and
usually 3½′—4′ long and wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, in very compact
5—7-flowered glabrous or slightly villose corymbs, with coarsely serrate
oblong-obovate acute bracts and bractlets, conspicuously glandular with
large bright red glands; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute and coarsely
glandular-serrate; stamens 20; anthers large, deep rose color; styles 5,
surrounded at base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening early in
October and falling gradually during a month or six weeks, on stout
pedicels, in few-fruited compact erect clusters, subglobose, much
flattened at the ends, often obscurely angled, dark crimson, very
lustrous, marked by numerous large pale dots, ¾′ long, and ⅞′ wide;
calyx much enlarged and conspicuous, with spreading or erect lobes
bright red on the upper side near the base; flesh thick, firm, subacid,
more or less deeply tinged with red; nutlets 5, comparatively small,
light-colored, narrow at the ends, acute at apex, rounded at base,
rounded and slightly ridged on the back, about ⅓′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a stem 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with
dark brown scaly bark, stout spreading light gray branches forming a
broad handsome head, and stout nearly straight glabrous bright
chestnut-brown very lustrous branchlets armed with thick dark reddish
purple shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Dry woods in the neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri; in
eastern Kansas.
XI. ROTUNDIFOLIÆ.
_Coccineæ_ Sarg.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 10; leaves coriaceous.
Leaves elliptic or obovate; fruit subglobose, dark crimson; anthers
pale yellow.
109. C. rotundifolia (A).
Leaves elliptic or ovate; fruit short-oblong to oblong-obovoid,
bright carmine-red; anthers rose color.
110. C. Jonesæ (A).
Stamens 20; leaves subcoriaceous, rhombic to oblong-obovate; fruit
short-oblong to subglobose, dark dull red or rusty orange-red;
anthers pale yellow.
111. C. Margaretta (A, C).
109. Cratægus rotundifolia Moen.
_Cratægus coccinea_ var. _rotundifolia_ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 461]
Leaves elliptic or obovate, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed from
above the middle to the cuneate entire base, finely and often doubly
serrate above with incurved or straight teeth tipped with minute dark
glands, and divided above the middle into several short acute lateral
lobes, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and
then thin, light yellow-green and glabrous, and at maturity coriaceous,
dark green, smooth and lustrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower
surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a thin midrib, and 4 or 5
pairs of primary veins extending to the point of the lobes; petioles
slender, glandular, slightly winged at apex, glabrous, often dark red
toward the base, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
oblong-ovate, oval or often nearly orbicular, more deeply lobed, and
frequently 2½′—3′ long and wide. Flowers ½′—¾′ in diameter, on slender
pedicels, in broad loose many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube
broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad
base, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous, often bright red
toward the apex; stamens 10; anthers small, pale yellow; styles 3 or 4.
Fruit ripening and falling late in October, on short stout pedicels, in
drooping many-fruited glabrous clusters, subglobose but occasionally
rather longer than broad, dark crimson, marked by scattered dark dots,
about ½′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, conspicuous, the lobes bright red
on the upper side toward the base, wide-spreading or erect; flesh thin,
yellow, dry and sweet; nutlets 3 or 4, rounded at the ends, about ¼′
long.
A bushy tree, occasionally 20° high, with a short trunk 8′—10′ in
diameter, covered with dark red-brown scaly bark, stout ascending
branches forming a broad round-topped symmetrical head, and slender
glabrous branchlets light green when they first appear, bright red-brown
and lustrous during their first year, and ultimately ashy gray, and
armed with many stout straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown shining
spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Nova Scotia, southern Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba and
Saskatchewan (Saskatoon), and southward through New England, eastern and
northern New York, the southern peninsula of Michigan and northern
Indiana; in Pennsylvania (Lackawanna, Bucks, Northampton and Blair
Counties); common in the New England coast region; a form (var. _pubera_
Sarg.) with young leaves covered above with soft pale hairs and
pubescent on the under side of the midrib and veins and villose
petioles, flowers with a pubescent calyx-tube, in villose corymbs,
becoming pilose when the fruit ripens, and young branchlets covered with
long matted pale hairs, ranges from Newfoundland to the shores of Lake
St. John, Province of Quebec, northern Ontario, Winnipeg and Manitoba,
and southward through the maritime provinces of Canada, New England to
southern Connecticut, northern and western New York (near Buffalo, Essex
County), the northern peninsula of Michigan, northeastern Wisconsin; in
central Minnesota (St. Cloud, Stearns County); common northward.
110. Cratægus Jonesæ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 462]
Leaves elliptic to ovate, acute, gradually narrowed or broad-cuneate at
the entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with spreading or
incurved teeth tipped with deciduous dark red glands, and usually
divided above the middle into 2 or 3 pairs of short acute or acuminate
lobes, more than half grown when the flowers open during the first week
of June, and then membranaceous and coated with soft pale hairs most
abundant on the under side of the midrib and principal veins, and at
maturity thick and coriaceous, dark green and lustrous on the upper
surface, pale and puberulous on the lower surface, 3′—4′ long and 2′—3′
wide, with a stout midrib, 4—6 pairs of primary veins and conspicuous
secondary veinlets; petioles stout, more or less winged toward the apex,
villose, ultimately glabrous, tinged with red below the middle, 1½′—2′
in length, after midsummer often twisted at base, bringing the lower
surface of the leaf to the light; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
usually more coarsely serrate and much more deeply lobed, with broadly
winged petioles, and falcate coarsely glandular-serrate stipules
sometimes 1′ in length. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on long slender
pedicels, in broad loose lax many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, tomentose, the lobes abruptly narrowed from a broad
base, long, acute, entire, villose; stamens 10; anthers large, rose
color; styles 2, or generally 3, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of
pale tomentum. Fruit ripening usually early in October, on slender
elongated pedicels, in broad many-fruited drooping glabrous or
puberulous clusters, short-oblong to oblong-obovoid, rounded at the
ends, bright carmine-red, marked by occasional large dots, ¾′—1′ long,
and ¾′ in diameter; calyx conspicuous, with enlarged and elongated
closely appressed lobes; flesh thick, yellow, sweet and mealy; nutlets 3
or rarely 2, thick, narrowed and acute at base, full and broad at apex,
rounded and ridged on the back with a high broad ridge, about 7/16′
long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a tall trunk often a foot in diameter,
covered with dark brown scaly bark, ascending or spreading branches
forming a broad open irregular head, and stout branchlets tomentose
early in the season, becoming orange-brown, glabrous and very lustrous
during their first summer, and light gray the following year, and armed
with stout straight or curved chestnut-brown shining spines 2′—3′ long
and usually pointed toward the base of the branch.
Distribution. Rocky shores of sounds and bays; coast of Maine, Islesboro
and Belfast Bay to the island of Mount Desert (Waldo and Hancock
Counties); in hedges, near Fredericton, York County, New Brunswick;
Rivière du Loup, Kamouraska County, Province of Quebec (_Brother
Victorin_).
111. Cratægus Margaretta Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 463]