Leaves oblong-obovate to elliptic, rounded or gradually narrowed at
apex, narrowed from above the middle to the cuneate entire base, and
serrate above with straight or incurved teeth, nearly fully grown when
the flowers open at the end of March or early in April and then
roughened above by short rigid white hairs, and whitish and pubescent
below, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green, lustrous and nearly
glabrous on the upper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface
especially on the thin midrib and slender primary veins, 1½′—2′ long,
and ¾′—1′ wide; petioles comparatively slender, at first densely
villose, becoming glabrous, usually about ½′ in length. Flowers ½′—⅔′ in
diameter, on slender villose pedicels, in compact mostly 4—5-flowered
villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly coated with long
matted pale hairs, the lobes slender, acuminate, sparingly villose or
nearly glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface,
entire or slightly serrate; stamens 20; anthers yellow; styles 2 or 3,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening early
in October, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping puberulous
clusters, subglobose, orange with a red cheek, about ½′ in diameter;
calyx-tube slightly enlarged, with spreading or incurved lobes; flesh
thin and yellow; nutlets 2 or 3, slightly ridged on the back, about ¼′
long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with
dark gray scaly bark, stout branches spreading into a broad flat-topped
head, and slender branchlets covered at first with matted white hairs,
becoming glabrous and light orange-brown at the end of their first
season, and pale gray-brown the following year, and unarmed or armed
with occasional slender nearly straight red-brown spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Borders of prairies and low moist soil a few miles west of
Opelousas, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.
22. Cratægus edura Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 374]
Leaves oblong-obovate, rounded and obtuse or occasionally acute at apex,
gradually narrowed from above the middle to the cuneate base, and
serrate only at the apex, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early
in April and then thin, dark green and puberulous above especially on
the midrib, very pale and villose below, and at maturity thick and
coriaceous, 1¼′—1½′ long, and 1½′—1¾′ wide, with a slender midrib, and
primary veins within the parenchyma; turning in the autumn orange,
yellow, or brown; petioles slender, light yellow, pilose, ⅛′—¼′ in
length. Flowers ⅜′—½′ in diameter, on short sparingly villose pedicels,
in compact hairy 5—12-flowered corymbs; calyx narrowly obconic, glabrous
or with a few hairs at the base, the lobes narrow, acuminate, glabrous;
stamens 16—20; anthers pale yellow or nearly white; styles 2 or 3. Fruit
ripening and falling in September, in few-fruited drooping clusters,
subglobose, orange or yellow with a red cheek, about 5/16′ in diameter;
calyx-lobes little enlarged, closely appressed, often deciduous; nutlets
2 or 3, rather obscurely ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, branches spreading
out into a broad flat-topped head, and branchlets pilose when they first
appear, soon glabrous, becoming reddish brown, unarmed or armed with
chestnut-brown or gray spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Low woods near Opelousas, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.
23. Cratægus crocina Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 375]
Leaves oblong-obovate, rounded or acute at apex, gradually narrowed and
cuneate at the slender entire base, and sharply serrate above the middle
with straight or incurved glandular teeth, when they unfold more or less
pubescent, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green, lustrous and
glabrous or glabrate above, pale and covered below with short matted
pale hairs most abundant on the thin midrib and obscure primary veins,
1¼′—2′ long, and ½′—1′ wide; turning in the autumn orange, yellow, or
brown; petioles slender, puberulous, about ¼′ in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots elliptic to oblong-obovate, acuminate more
coarsely serrate, often 2½′ long and ⅚′ wide. Flowers opening at the end
of April when the leaves are fully grown, ½′—⅝′ in diameter, on short
villose pedicels, in compact few-flowered villose corymbs; calyx
narrowly obconic, coated with matted white hairs, the lobes narrow,
acute, entire or sparingly serrate, glabrous on the outer surface,
slightly villose on the inner surface toward the apex; stamens 20;
anthers yellow; styles usually 2 or 3. Fruit ripening in October,
ellipsoidal or short-oblong, nearly ½′ long, yellow, the calyx
prominent, with elongated mostly recurved lobes; nutlets usually 2,
narrowed and acute at the ends, ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a short trunk 4′—6′ in diameter, spreading
branches forming a wide flat-topped head, and slender mostly unarmed
branchlets covered at first with matted pale hairs, and dark
orange-brown and puberulous in their first winter.
Distribution. Low woods near Opelousas, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana.
24. Cratægus fera Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 376]
Leaves oblong-obovate, rounded or rarely acute at apex, gradually
narrowed and concave-cuneate at the slender entire base, and sharply
serrate above the middle with straight or incurved teeth, fully grown
when the flowers open the middle of April and then thin, covered above
by short white hairs, and slightly villose along the midrib and veins
below, and at maturity coriaceous, dark green, scabrate and lustrous on
the upper surface, pale and puberulous on the lower surface on the
slender midrib and obscure primary veins, 2½′—3′ long, and about ¾′
wide; turning in the autumn orange, yellow, or brown; petioles slender,
pubescent early in the season, becoming puberulous, ⅜′—⅝′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots oblong-obovate, rounded or acute
and often short-pointed at apex, coarsely serrate, often 2½′ long, and
1¼′ wide. Flowers: ½′ in diameter, on long slender villose pedicels, in
broad lax compound many-flowered corymbs covered more or less thickly
with white hairs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, slightly hairy near the
base, glabrous above, the lobes narrow, acuminate, entire or sparingly
glandular-dentate, glabrous on the outer surface and puberulous on the
inner surface; stamens 16—20; anthers light yellow; styles usually 2 or
3. Fruit ripening in September and October, on long slender pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, globose or subglobose, bright red or
scarlet, ⅜′ in diameter; flesh thin and mealy; calyx enlarged, with
spreading or erect persistent lobes; nutlets 2 or 3, with a high narrow
ridge, ¼′—5/16′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a trunk 8′—9′ in diameter, spreading
branches forming a broad flat-topped head, and slender nearly straight
branchlets, villose at first, becoming glabrous, pale reddish brown,
ultimately ashy gray, and sometimes armed with slender straight spines
1′—1¼′ long.
Distribution. Low open Oak and Hickory woods near Opelousas, St. Landry
Parish, and Natchitoches, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana.
25. Cratægus Mohrii Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 377]
Leaves obovate or rhombic, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed and
cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely, occasionally doubly serrate
above with straight or incurved teeth, when they unfold glabrous and
slightly villose along the midrib and the lower side of the principal
veins, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in May, and at
maturity thin and firm or subcoriaceous, dark green and very lustrous
above, pale below, 1′—1½′ long, and ⅔′—1′ wide, usually with 4 pairs of
thin primary veins, a stout midrib sometimes puberulous on the under
side and bright red in the autumn; petioles frequently red at maturity,
⅓′—½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes 3′ long
and 2′ wide, mostly broad-elliptic, acute or acuminate, coarsely doubly
serrate, and frequently divided toward the apex into short broad acute
lobes; petioles, strait, glandular; petioles broadly winged, and
occasionally glandular with minute dark glands. Flowers cup-shaped,
about ¾′ in diameter, on slender elongated pedicels, in loose
thin-branched many-flowered glabrous or villose corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous or occasionally pilose toward the base, the
lobes linear-lanceolate, entire or finely glandular-serrate; stamens 20;
anthers small, light yellow; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow
ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening about the middle of October,
gracefully drooping on elongated thin bright red pedicels, in
many-fruited clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, somewhat flattened at
apex, full and rounded at base, bright orange-red, about ⅓′ in diameter;
calyx prominent, with a short tube and usually erect lobes often
deciduous before the fruit ripens; nutlets usually 3, about ¼′ long.
A tree, from 20°—30° high, with a tall straight trunk 6′—8′ in diameter,
covered with thin ashy gray or light red-brown bark, sometimes armed
with long slender or branched spines, spreading slightly pendulous
branches forming a rather open broad symmetrical head, and branchlets
furnished with thin nearly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines
1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Western Georgia to central Alabama and eastern
Mississippi, and northward to middle Tennessee; abundant and of its
largest size in the low flat woods near Birmingham, Jefferson County,
Alabama, ascending into the poorer and drier soils of the neighboring
hillsides and low mountain slopes.
II. PUNCTATÆ.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Fruit usually short-oblong.
Anthers rose color or yellow; stamens 20; leaves obovate, often
acutely lobed above the middle, their veins deeply impressed;
fruit on stout pedicels, short-oblong to subglobose, flattened
at the ends, dull red or bright yellow, marked by large pale
dots.
26. C. punctata (A).
Anthers rose color; stamens 10—20; leaves oblong-obovate or oval,
their veins not deeply impressed, fruit on long slender
pedicels, short-oblong to obovoid, rounded at the ends, dull
brick-red, marked by large pale dots.
27. C. pausiaca (A).
Fruit usually globose or subglobose.
Stamens 20.
Anthers pale yellow.
Corymbs villose.
Leaves obovate to oval or rarely rhombic, acute; fruit
globose, or sometimes broader than high, dull red,
marked by small pale dots.
28. C. collina (A, C).
Leaves obovate, oval, or ovate, acute or acuminate, incisely
lobed; fruit globose, dull red.
29. C. amnicola (C).
Corymbs glabrous; leaves broadly oval to ovate, rounded or acute
at apex, occasionally rounded at base, subcoriaceous;
fruit subglobose to short-oblong, dull orange-red, marked
by large pale dots.
30. C. fastosa (C).
Anthers rose color.
Leaves scabrate on the upper surface.
Leaves ovate, oval or rarely obovate, acuminate; flowers in
compact usually 6—8-flowered corymbs.
31. C. silvestris (A).
Leaves obovate to rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at apex;
flowers in wide usually 9—12-flowered corymbs.
32. C. verruculosa.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
Corymbs slightly villose.
Leaves obovate to rhombic, acute or rounded at apex; fruit
globose, dark dull red.
33. C. sordida (C).
Leaves oval to obovate, acute or acuminate at apex; fruit
often rather longer than broad, bright canary-yellow.
34. C. brazoria (C).
Corymbs densely villose; leaves obovate, acute, acuminate or
rounded at apex; fruit subglobose, dark dull red.
35. C. dallasiana (C).
Stamens 10.
Anthers pale yellow; leaves obovate, acute or acuminate or rounded
and short-pointed at apex; fruit subglobose, pubescent at
the ends, dull orange-red.
36. C. Lettermanii (A).
Anthers rose color; leaves oblong-obovate, acute or rounded at
apex; fruit globose, bright scarlet, slightly pruinose.
37. C. pratensis (A).
26. Cratægus punctata Jacq.
[Illustration: Fig. 378]
Leaves obovate, pointed or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed to the
cuneate entire base, sharply and often doubly serrate above the middle
with minute teeth, and sometimes more or less incisely lobed, thickly
covered below with pale hairs and pilose above when hey unfold, about
half grown when the flowers open from the middle of May until early in
June and then pilose on the midrib and veins below and nearly glabrous
above, and at maturity thick and firm, pale gray-green and glabrous on
the upper surface, more or less villose on the lower surface, 2′—3′
long, and ¾′—1½′ wide, with a broad prominent midrib, and primary veins
deeply impressed on the upper surface; turning bright orange or orange
and scarlet in the autumn; petioles stout, at first villose or
tomentose, becoming pubescent or glabrous, ¼′—½′ in length; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots usually incisely lobed, and often 3′—4′ long
and 1½′—2′ wide. Flowers ½′—¾′ in diameter, on slender villose pedicels,
in tomentose or villose many-flowered compact corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, villose or tomentose, the lobes narrow, acute, nearly
entire or minutely glandular-serrate, villose on the inner surface;
stamens 20; anthers rose color or yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base
by conspicuous tufts of white hairs. Fruit ripening and falling in
October, on elongated nearly glabrous pedicels, in drooping clusters,
short-oblong to subglobose, truncate at the ends dull red or bright
yellow (var. _aurea_ Ait.) and usually agreeing with the anthers in
color, marked by numerous small white dots, ½′—1′ long; nutlets 5, about
¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—30° high, with a trunk occasionally a foot in diameter,
stout branches spreading nearly at right angles and forming a round or
flat-topped head, or sometimes ascending and forming a narrow open
irregular head, and branchlets coated at first with pale deciduous
pubescence, becoming light orange-brown or ashy gray, and armed with
slender straight light orange-brown or gray spines 2′—3′ long.
Distribution. Common and generally distributed; rich hillsides; valley
of the Chateaugay River, Quebec, to the valley of the Detroit River,
Ontario, southward through western New England to Delaware, and along
the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia, ascending in North
Carolina and Tennessee to altitudes of nearly 6000°, and westward
through New York, Ohio and Indiana to southern Michigan, Indiana,
Illinois, southern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, and in central
Iowa. A form (var. _canescens_ Britt.), densely hoary-tomentose on the
under surface of the leaves, and on the petioles and corymbs, occurs in
Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and near Albany, Albany County, New York;
and a form (var. _microphylla_ Sarg.) with smaller leaves and compact
few-flowered corymbs has been found at Linesville, Crawford County,
Pennsylvania.
27. Cratægus pausiaca Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 379]
Leaves oblong-obovate to oval, rounded or acute at apex, gradually
narrowed from near the middle to the concave-cuneate entire base, and
finely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, more than
half grown when the flowers open from the 20th to the end of May and
then membranaceous, dark yellow-green, and slightly villose above and
along the under side of the midrib and veins, and at maturity glabrous,
dark yellow-green above, paler below, 2′—2½′ long, and 1¼′—1½′ wide,
with a slender yellow midrib, and 5 or 6 pairs of primary veins
extending very obliquely to the end of the leaf; petioles slender,
wing-margined above the middle, villose only early in the season, ⅝′—1′
in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots elliptic to rhombic,
long-pointed, slightly or deeply divided into broad lateral lobes,
coarsely serrate, often 3½′—4′ long and 2′—2½′ wide. Flowers ½′ in
diameter, on long slender hairy pedicels, in broad many-flowered
thin-branched villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose
below with closely appressed white hairs, glabrous above, the lobes
abruptly narrowed from the base, slender, acuminate, tipped with minute
dark glands, entire or occasionally obscurely toothed above the middle,
glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens
10—15, rarely 20; anthers dark rose color; styles 2 or 3, surrounded at
base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening about the middle
of October, on elongated slender slightly hairy pedicels, in drooping
many-fruited clusters, short-oblong to obovoid, broad and rounded at the
ends, dull brick-red, marked by large pale dots, 5/16′—9/16′ long, and
about ⅜′ thick; calyx small, with spreading appressed lobes mostly
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, hard, slightly juicy, green
or greenish yellow; nutlets 3 or 4, thin, acute or obtuse at the ends,
ridged on the back with a high broad deeply grooved ridge, about ¼′
long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall straight trunk often a foot in
diameter, covered with dark brown scaly bark, stout wide-spreading
branches forming a broad symmetrical round or flat-topped head, slender
straight branchlets light orange-green and sparingly villose at first,
becoming light orange-brown during their first season, light or dark
gray-brown the following year, and armed with numerous stout slender
straight orange-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ in length, long persistent
on the branches and trunk, finally ashy gray, and becoming sometimes a
foot long, with long slender lateral spines.
Distribution. Dry limestone hills and low moist bottom-lands, Bucks,
Berks and Delaware counties, eastern Pennsylvania; at Chapin, Ontario
County, New York.
28. Cratægus collina Chapm.
[Illustration: Fig. 380]
Leaves obovate to oval or occasionally to rhombic, acute, gradually
narrowed or broadly cuneate at the entire base, and irregularly and
often doubly serrate above with glandular incurved or straight teeth,
when they unfold bright red and covered with soft pale hairs most
abundant on the under side of the midrib and principal veins, less than
one third grown when the flowers open at the end of April, and at
maturity subcoriaceous, yellow-green on the upper surface, paler on the
lower surface, glabrous with the exception of a few hairs on the under
side of the stout yellow midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of slender primary
veins, 1½′—2′ in length, and 1′—1¼′ wide; petioles slender, villose,
soon glabrous, more or less winged toward the apex, ¼′—½′ long; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots frequently divided into short broad acute
lateral lobes, more coarsely dentate and often 3′ long and 2½′ wide,
with a stout broadly winged petiole generally light red like the lower
side of the base of the midrib. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on long stout
pedicels, in broad many-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, villose particularly toward the base, the lobes gradually
narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, usually glabrous on the outer
surface, villose on the inner surface, finely glandular-serrate with
dark glands, bright red toward the apex; stamens usually 20; anthers
large, pale yellow; styles 5. Fruit ripening in September, on stout
elongated pedicels, in few-fruited erect or drooping puberulous
clusters, subglobose but sometimes rather broader than long, dull red,
marked by small pale dots, ⅓′—½′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, the lobes
closely appressed, glandular-serrate, mostly persistent; flesh yellow;
nutlets 5, broad and rounded at the ends, ridged and often grooved on
the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, usually 15°—20° but occasionally 25° high, with a tall straight
trunk often buttressed at base, frequently armed with numerous large
much-branched spines sometimes 6′—8′ long, stout wide-spreading branches
forming a handsome flat-topped symmetrical head, and branchlets tinged
with red and villose with long matted silky white hairs when they first
appear, soon puberulous, and dull reddish brown, becoming gray in their
second year, and furnished with stout lustrous spines 2′—3′ long.
Distribution. Hillsides in rich soil in the foothill region of the
southern Appalachian Mountains from southwestern Virginia to central
Georgia and westward to northeastern Mississippi and middle Tennessee;
in central Alabama; ascending to altitudes of 2500° above the sea.
29. Cratægus amnicola Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 381]
Leaves obovate, oval or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually
narrowed and concave-cuneate at the entire base, coarsely sometimes
doubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, and
incisely lobed above the middle with short acute or acuminate lobes,
deeply tinged with red and covered with short pale mostly caducous hairs
when they unfold, about half grown and sparingly villose on the midrib
and veins when the flowers open late in April or early in May, and at
maturity subcoriaceous, bright green, glabrous, 1¼′—1½′ long, and 1′—1¼′
wide; turning in the autumn yellow, orange, red, and brown; petioles
slender, sparingly villose early in the season, becoming glabrous,
sometimes slightly glandular, ¼′—⅓′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots sometimes 2′ long and 1½′ wide. Flowers about ⅝′ in
diameter, on elongated slender slightly villose pedicels, in narrow
many-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous or
with a few scattered hairs at the base, the lobes narrow, acuminate,
glandular-serrate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers nearly white; styles
3—5. Fruit on slender elongated glabrous pedicels, in drooping
few-fruited clusters, subglobose, dull red, about ⅓′ in diameter; calyx
enlarged, with elongated coarsely serrate reflexed conspicuous lobes;
flesh yellow, thin, and firm; nutlets 3—5, rounded or slightly grooved
on the back, nearly ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 25° high, with a trunk 8′—12′ in diameter,
spreading or ascending branches forming a large wide head, and
branchlets villose at first with long matted white hairs, soon glabrous,
becoming orange-brown and ultimately ashy gray, and unarmed, or armed
with stout spines 1¼′—2′ long.
Distribution. Low moist woods and the borders of streams, southeastern
Tennessee, northwestern Georgia, and northeastern Alabama; common.
30. Cratægus fastosa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 382]
Leaves broadly oval to ovate, rounded or acute at apex, concave-cuneate
or rounded at the entire base, and coarsely doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, when they unfold covered above with long pale
hairs and provided below with large tufts of snow-white tomentum in the
axils of the primary veins, when the flowers open from the 20th to the
25th of April dark yellow-green and nearly glabrous on the upper surface
and still tomentose in the axils of the veins below, and at maturity
subcoriaceous, glabrous, yellow-green and lustrous above, pale
yellow-green below, 1¾′—2′ long, and 1′—2′ wide, with a prominent light
yellow midrib deeply impressed on the upper side, and usually 3—5 pairs
of primary veins; petioles slender, at first densely villose, becoming
puberulous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
occasionally lobed with broad acute lobes. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter,
on slender pedicels, in compact many-flowered glabrous corymbs, with
large conspicuous oblong-obovate and acute to lanceolate coarsely
glandular-serrate bracts and bractlets usually persistent until after
the petals fall; calyx broadly obconic, the lobes abruptly narrowed at
base, slender, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, glabrous on the
outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers pale
yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum.
Fruit ripening from the middle to the end of October, on thin reddish
pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-oblong,
dull orange-red, marked by large pale dots, ⅜′ in diameter; calyx
enlarged, with spreading serrate lobes villose on the upper side, mostly
deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow-green; nutlets 3—5,
thin, narrowed at the ends, obscurely ridged on the back with a broad
low often grooved ridge, about 5/16′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a short trunk 8′—12′ in diameter, covered
with dark brown or nearly black scaly bark, small ascending branches
forming an irregular open head, and slender nearly straight branchlets,
dark orange-green tinged with red when they first appear, becoming
before autumn bright reddish brown and very lustrous, and dull reddish
brown the following year, and armed with numerous stout nearly straight
bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Low woods near Fulton, Hemstead County, Arkansas; not
common.
31. Cratægus silvestris Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 383]
Leaves ovate, oval or rarely obovate, acuminate, concave-cuneate or
rounded at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight
glandular teeth, and slightly divided above the middle into 3 or 4 pairs
of small acuminate lobes, nearly fully grown when the flowers open at
the end of May and then roughened above by short white hairs, and
villose below on the slender midrib and veins, and at maturity
subcoriaceous, dark yellow-green lustrous and scabrate on the upper
surface, paler and still villose on the lower surface, 2¼′—2½′ long, and
1¾′—2′ wide; petioles stout, slightly hairy on the upper side,
occasionally glandular, and ⅗′—⅘′ in length. Flowers ⅗′ in diameter, on
slender villose pedicels, in compact villose usually 6—8-flowered
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes slender,
acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the inner
surface; stamens 20; anthers pink; styles usually 3. Fruit ripening at
the end of September, on slender reddish slightly hairy pedicels, in
few-fruited erect or spreading clusters, subglobose to short-oblong,
truncate at base, rounded at apex, dull orange-red, about ½′ in
diameter; calyx prominent with a broad deep cavity, and spreading
coarsely serrate persistent lobes villose on the upper surface; flesh
thick, dry and mealy; nutlets 3, gradually narrowed and rounded at the
ends, ridged on the back with a high deeply grooved ridge, about ⅓′ long
and ⅙′—⅕′ wide.
A tree, 30°—35° high, with a tall trunk often 1° in diameter, large
ascending and spreading branches forming an open head, and stout nearly
straight glabrous branchlets, light orange-green and marked by small
pale lenticels when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown and
lustrous in their first season, and dull red-brown the following year,
and armed with slender straight or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown
lustrous spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Woods in low moist soil, near London, Ontario.
32. Cratægus verruculosa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 384]
Leaves obovate to rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at apex, cuneate and
entire at base, and sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or
incurved glandular teeth, when they unfold dark red, covered above by
short pale hairs and below by long matted white hairs most abundant on
the midrib and veins, about half grown when the flowers open from the
1st to the 10th of May and then thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on
the upper surface, and paler and pubescent on the lower surface, and at
maturity subcoriaceous, dark green, lustrous and nearly smooth above,
pale and still pubescent below on the stout midrib and conspicuous
primary veins extending very obliquely toward the end of the leaf,
1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1¼′ wide; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex, at
first villose, becoming pubescent or puberulous, ¼′—½′ in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots often broad-ovate to oval, sharply doubly
serrate with straight teeth, sometimes slightly lobed above the middle
with short acute lobes, and frequently 3′ long and 2′ wide. Flowers ¾′
in diameter, on long slender villose pedicels, in broad lax compound
6—12 usually 9-flowered villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
thickly covered with matted pale hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed
from a broad base, slender, acute, tinged with red at apex, sparingly
glandular-serrate, pubescent; stamens 20; anthers pale rose color;
styles 3—5 surrounded at base by a broad ring of long pale hairs. Fruit
ripening about the 1st of October, on stout pubescent pedicels, in
drooping few-fruited clusters, subglobose, somewhat flattened and
pubescent at the ends, dark red; calyx prominent, with more or less
deciduous lobes; nutlets 3—5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded
and very irregularly ridged and sometimes obscurely grooved on the back,
about ¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, thick
spreading branches forming a broad compact round-topped symmetrical
head, and stout nearly straight branchlets thickly covered with matted
pale hairs when they first appear, becoming reddish or orange-brown,
nearly glabrous and roughened by minute tubercles at the end of their
first season, gray-brown the following year, and armed with numerous
straight stout or slender dark chestnut-brown very lustrous spines ¾′—1′
long.
Distribution. Springfield, Greene County, Missouri; not rare.
33. Cratægus sordida Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 385]
Leaves rhombic, acute, or occasionally obovate and rarely rounded at
apex, cuneate and entire below, serrate above with narrow straight or
incurved glandular teeth, and occasionally irregularly divided above the
middle into short acute lobes, about half grown when the flowers open
the first week of May and then membranaceous, bright green, lustrous and
glabrous with the exception of a few short caducous hairs on the upper
surface, particularly on the midrib and principal veins, and at maturity
subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous above, paler below, generally
about 1½′ long and 1¼′ wide; petioles stout, slightly winged toward the
apex, at first villose, soon glabrous, about ½′ long, often bright red
in the autumn; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes oblong or
oval, coarsely dentate, usually divided above the middle into short
acute lobes, 3′—4′ long, 2′—2½′ wide, and decurrent on the stout
glandular petioles. Flowers 1′—1¼′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in
few-flowered compact slightly villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, the lobes narrow, acuminate, villose on the inner surface;
petals dull white; stamens 20; anthers small, rose color; styles 2 or 3,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening and
falling the middle of September, on short pedicels, in few-fruited
drooping clusters, globose, ⅓′—½′ in diameter, dark dull red; calyx
prominent, with elongated coarsely serrate appressed or incurved lobes;
flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 2 or 3, broad, rounded and ridged on the
back with a low rounded ridge, ¼′ long.
A slender tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 5′—6′ in diameter, often
armed with long-branched spines, small ascending branches forming a
narrow oval head, and slender nearly straight branchlets, dark
orange-green and villose with long scattered pale hairs sometimes
persistent until autumn, dull chestnut-brown in their second season, and
dark gray-brown the following year, and furnished with numerous thin
nearly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines 1′—2½′ long, or
often unarmed.
Distribution. Low woods and the gravelly banks of streams in Shannon,
Carter, and Ripley Counties, southern Missouri.
34. Cratægus brazoria Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 386]
Leaves oval to obovate, acute or acuminate at apex, gradually narrowed,
cuneate and entire at base, and coarsely and irregularly
glandular-serrate above with straight spreading teeth, coated with hoary
tomentum and often bright red when they unfold, nearly fully grown and
covered with short soft pale hairs most abundant on the under side of
the thin midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of primary veins when the flowers open
from the middle to the end of March, and at maturity thin and firm in
texture, glabrous, dark green and lustrous above, paler below, 2′—2½′
long, and 1¼′—1½′ wide; petioles slender, early in the season tomentose,
becoming glabrous or puberulous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots broad-ovate or oblong, rounded or broad-cuneate at base,
coarsely dentate, 5′ long, and 2½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on long
slender pedicels, in broad slightly villose 7 or 8-flowered corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with long matted pale hairs, the
lobes narrow, acuminate, obscurely glandular-serrate or nearly entire,
villose on both surfaces; stamens 20; anthers small, dark red; styles 5,
surrounded at base by a thin ring of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening
after the 1st of October, in spreading or drooping few-fruited clusters,
subglobose and often rather longer than broad, bright canary-yellow,
marked by occasional dark dots, ⅓′—½′ long; calyx prominent, the lobes
usually deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, light yellow,
rather dry but sweet and edible; nutlets 5, rounded and grooved on the
back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall straight trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
numerous ascending branches forming a handsome symmetrical round-topped
head, and branchlets covered when they first appear with matted pale
hairs, dull reddish brown and often puberulous in their second season,
and reddish brown the following year, and unarmed or occasionally armed
with long thin gray spines.
Distribution. Low rich woods near the banks of the Brazos River,
Columbia and Brazoria, Brazoria County, Texas.
35. Cratægus dallasiana Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 387]
Leaves oblong, acute, acuminate or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed
to the concave-cuneate entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, and usually slightly lobed above the middle,
coated below with thick hoary tomentum and villose above as they unfold,
nearly fully grown and villose or tomentose below when the flowers open
early in April, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green, glabrous and
lustrous on the upper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface
on the slender midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of thin arching veins, 1¾′—2½′
long, and 1¼′—1½′ wide; petioles slender, wing-margined toward the apex,
hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, about ½′ in
length. Flowers about ⅝′ in diameter, on long slender hairy pedicels, in
many-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
densely coated with long matted pale hairs, the lobes slender,
acuminate, tipped with a minute red gland, sparingly and irregularly
glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20; anthers light rose color; styles
5. Fruit ripening at midsummer, on stout erect slightly hairy pedicels,
in few-fruited clusters, subglobose, dull dark red, ⅜′—½′ in diameter;
calyx prominent, with spreading lobes bright red on the upper side at
the base; nutlets 5, acute at the narrow ends, thin, rounded and grooved
with a broad shallow groove or irregularly ridged on the back, ¼′—5/16′
long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 4′—6′ in diameter, covered with
pale bark, small erect branches forming an open irregular head, and
slender somewhat zigzag branchlets thickly coated at first with hoary
tomentum, reddish brown and lustrous before autumn, ultimately ashy
gray, and armed with straight slender gray-spines 1¼′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Forest-covered bottom-lands of the small tributaries of
the Trinity River, Dallas County, Texas; not common.
36. Cratægus Lettermanii Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 388]
Leaves obovate, acute or acuminate or rounded and short-pointed at apex,
gradually narrowed from near the middle and cuneate at the mostly entire
base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with straight or incurved
glandular teeth, and frequently slightly and irregularly divided above
the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute lobes, strongly plicate when
they unfold and covered with a thick coat of pale tomentum, nearly half
grown, roughened above by short pale hairs and pubescent below when the
flowers open early in May, and at maturity thick, bright yellow-green
and scabrate above, pale and pubescent below on the stout midrib and 4
or 5 pairs of primary veins, about 2′ long and 1½′ wide; petioles stout,
more or less winged above the middle, at first tomentose, becoming
pubescent or nearly glabrous, usually about ¾′ in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots broad-oval, acute or acuminate, more coarsely
serrate, 2½′—3′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on
short villose pedicels in compact, many-flowered thick-branched densely
villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, tomentose, the lobes
narrow, acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 10;
anthers small, pale yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring
of hoary tomentum. Fruit ripening early in October, on stout pubescent
pedicels, in few-fruited spreading or drooping clusters, subglobose or
occasionally slightly obovoid, rounded and puberulous at the ends, dull
orange-red, marked by large pale dots, about ½′ in diameter; calyx
broad, the lobes enlarged, coarsely glandular-serrate, reflexed, often
deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin; nutlets 5, prominently
ridged on the back with a high rounded ridge, ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, with thin dark
brown or nearly black bark separating freely into small plate-like
scales, and often armed with thin much-branched spines frequently 7′—8′
long, small erect branches forming a wide open head, and branchlets
coated when they first appear with hoary tomentum, dull red-brown,
villose or pubescent during their first season, and furnished with stout
straight bright red-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution. Low rich soil inundated during several weeks in winter,
among Oaks and Hickories; near Allenton, St. Louis County, Missouri.
37. Cratægus pratensis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 389]
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed
below from near the middle to the cuneate entire base, sharply and often
doubly serrate usually only above the middle with straight or incurved
teeth tipped early in the season with a minute dark red caducous gland,
and often more or less deeply divided toward the apex into short broad
acute lobes, when they unfold bright bronze-yellow or dark red, and
covered with short pale hairs, almost smooth and nearly fully grown when
the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity glabrous, thick,
dark green and lustrous above, pale below, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide,
with a thin midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of primary veins extending
obliquely toward the end of the leaf, and raised and prominent below;
petioles slender, glabrous, usually about ½′ in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots often oval or broad-ovate, frequently 3′ long and
2½′ wide. Flowers ⅓′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad
loose many-flowered corymbs pubescent or puberulous at first but soon
glabrous; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated toward the base with long
matted pale hairs, the lobes narrow, acuminate, coarsely
glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner
surface; stamens 10; anthers small, rose color; styles 2 or 3,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening
early in October and remaining on the branches until November, on
elongated pedicels, in loose drooping many-fruited clusters, globose,
bright scarlet, slightly pruinose, marked by occasional large pale dots,
about ⅓′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with much enlarged coarsely
glandular-serrate lobes often deciduous before the fruit becomes
entirely ripe; flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 2 or 3, thick and broad,
about ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 20° high, with a tall trunk 3′—7′ in diameter,
often armed with long slender much-branched ashy gray spines, spreading
branches forming a round-topped symmetrical head, and branchlets
occasionally slightly villose when they first appear, soon glabrous,
light orange-brown in their first season, and reddish or grayish brown
the following year, and furnished with numerous thin straight or
slightly curved shining chestnut-brown spines 2′—3′ long.
Distribution. Open woods near the banks of small streams in the prairie
region of Stark and Peoria Counties, Illinois.
III. ÆSTIVALES.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Leaves glabrous with the exception of small axillary tufts of pale
hairs on the lower surface, oblong-obovate; stamens 15—20;
anthers pink or pale rose color.
38. C. æstivalis (C).
Leaves hoary-tomentose below early in the season, becoming villose
with rufous hairs most abundant on the midrib and veins; stamens
20; anthers deep rose color.
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute or broad and rounded at apex, often
slightly lobed above the middle, lustrous above; pedicels
villose-pubescent.
39. C. rufula (C).
Leaves elliptic to oblong-cuneiform, narrowed at apex, dull above;
pedicels glabrous.
40. C. opaca (C).
38. Cratægus æstivalis Sarg. May Haw. Apple Haw.
_Mespilus æstivalis_ Walt.
[Illustration: Fig. 390]
Leaves oblong-obovate, rounded or acute at apex, gradually narrowed and
cuneate at base, glabrous with the exception of small axillary tufts of
pale hairs, and coarsely crenately serrate above the middle with
gland-tipped teeth, beginning to unfold as the flowers open the middle
of March, and when the fruit ripens at the end of May thin, dark green
and lustrous above, yellow-green below, 1¼′—2′ long, and ⅓′—¾′ wide,
with a slender yellow midrib and obscure primary veins; petioles
slender, narrow wing-margined to below the middle, rarely furnished with
occasional deciduous glands, about ¼′ in length; leaves at the ends of
vigorous shoots elliptic to oblong-obovate, acute and usually abruptly
short-pointed at apex, concave-cuneate at base, often lobed with one or
two lateral lobes. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on pedicels about ⅓′ long, in
compact 2 or 3-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous,
the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, short, entire, without
glands, acute or acuminate and often red at apex, persistent and red on
the fruit; stamens 15—20; anthers large, pink or pale rose color; styles
usually 3. Fruit on a short slender erect pedicel, about ⅓′ long,
usually solitary, short-oblong, scarlet, lustrous, about ⅓′ in length,
the calyx persistent with erect lobes; flesh yellow, juicy, acidulous;
nutlets usually 3, acute at ends, rounded and slightly ridged on the
back, ¼′ long.
A slender tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall stem 6′—8′ in diameter,
covered with pale flaky bark, erect or slightly spreading branches
forming a narrow head, and slender straight or slightly zigzag
branchlets chestnut-brown and lustrous during their first season, and
dull gray-brown the following year, and armed with stout straight gray
spines ½′—1¼′ in length.
Distribution. Low river banks, the borders of swamps and in depressions
filled with water during most of the year; banks of the Ogeechee River
near Meldrim, Effingham County, and near Valdosta, Lowndes County,
Georgia; swamp of the Combahee River near Yemassee, Hampton County, and
near Aiken, Aiken County, South Carolina; pond holes eight or nine miles
west of Newbern, Craven County, North Carolina; passing into var.
_maloides_ Sarg. with young leaves tinged with red and villose along the
upper side of the midrib, those at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes
broad-obovate, rounded and divided at apex into 3 short rounded lobes,
longer acuminate calyx-lobes and dark red anthers. Wet prairies, Volusia
County, Florida; and into var. _cerasoides_ Sarg. differing in the
presence of short white hairs on the upper surface of the young leaves,
in the longer acuminate calyx-lobes slightly villose on the inner
surface and often minutely serrate near the middle, in the dark
rose-colored anthers, and the late ripening fruit up to ½′ in diameter,
on drooping pedicels often ½′ in length. An arborescent shrub with a
round-topped head 30°—40° across, numerous large erect and spreading
stems often 30° high, covered with smooth pale bark separating into thin
plate-like scales, in falling disclosing the dull red inner bark, and
slender nearly straight glabrous branchlets armed with straight slender
spines 1′—1½′ in length. Fruit ripening late in July and in August. Low,
wet, often inundated prairies near Sewall, Valusia County,
Bradfordville, Leon County, Jasper, Hamilton County, and Quincy, Gadsden
County, Florida. A form of this variety growing in Valusia County (f.
_luculenta_ Sarg.) differs in the more numerous hairs on the upper
surface of the young leaves, in the rather smaller flowers, smaller and
less juicy fruit ripening at the end of June or early in July, and in
its often arborescent habit.
39. Cratægus rufula Sarg.
_Cratægus æstivalis_ Torr. & Gray in part, not _Mespilus æstivalis_ Walt.
[Illustration: Fig. 391]
Leaves oblong-obovate, acute or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed,
cuneate and entire at base, finely crenately glandular-serrate, and
often slightly lobed above the middle; with short rounded lobes, covered
above with soft pale hairs and whitish tomentose below when they unfold,
and at maturity thick, dark green, lustrous and glabrous or slightly
pubescent along the midrib on the upper surface, rufous-pubescent
especially on the midrib and veins on the lower surface, 1½′—2′ long,
and ¾′—1¼′ wide, rarely not more than 1′ long and ½′ wide; petioles
slender, villose-pubescent with rufous hairs, occasionally glandular,
¼′—⅓′ in length; leaves at the ends of vigorous shoots oblong-obovate,
rounded and short-pointed to elliptic and acuminate, laterally lobed, or
deeply 3-lobed at apex, often 2½′ long and 1½′ wide. Flowers appearing
from the 10th to the end of March, ¾′—1′ in diameter, in mostly
3—5-flowered clusters, on villose-pubescent pedicels about ⅓′ in length;
calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous or villose-pubescent sometimes in
the same cluster, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base,
acuminate, entire or slightly glandular-serrate nearly to apex, glabrous
or slightly pubescent on the outer surface; stamens 20; anthers dark
rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a ring of white tomentum.
Fruit ripening at the end of May, often solitary on glabrous erect
pedicels ¼′—½′ long, subglobose, scarlet, lustrous, about ½′ in
diameter, the calyx persistent with erect lobes; nutlets only slightly
grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
covered with rough deeply furrowed dark bark, paler and less deeply
furrowed on smaller and younger stems, stout ascending and spreading
branches forming a broad round-topped head, and slender slightly zigzag
branchlets covered when they first appear with pale tomentum, glabrous
or rusty tomentose until the early summer, becoming chestnut-brown,
lustrous and glabrous before autumn and dull gray in their second year,
and unarmed or armed with slender or stout straight spines ½′—1½′ in
length.
Distribution. Depressions filled with water except at midsummer, sandy
borders of ponds and streams and low wet prairies, Cottondale and Round
Lake, Jackson County, and Quincy, Gadsden County, Florida; near
Bainbridge, Decatur County, and Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia; near
Dothan, Houston County, Alabama; pond holes along the Neuse River near
Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina.
40. Cratægus opaca Hook.
_Cratægus æstivalis_ Torr. & Gray in part, not _Mespilus æstivalis_ Walt.
[Illustration: Fig. 392]
Leaves elliptic to oblong-cuneiform, gradually narrowed and acute or
bluntly pointed at apex, cuneate at the often glandular base, finely
crenately serrate above the middle with minute glandular teeth, pilose
above and hoary-tomentose below when they unfold, and at maturity dull
dark green and glabrous or slightly hairy on the midrib on the upper
surface, pubescent on the lower surface with rusty brown hairs most
abundant on the midrib and veins, 2′—2½′ long, and ½′—1′ wide; petioles
slender, villose-pubescent, about ¼′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots elliptic to oblong-ovate, often irregularly laterally
lobed, and 2½′—3′ long and wide. Flowers appearing in February and March
before or with the unfolding of the leaves, 1′ in diameter, on glabrous
pedicels ½′ long, in 3—5-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes narrowed from a wide base, short, nearly triangular,
acute and tipped at apex with a conspicuous gland, entire or minutely
serrate, glabrous, often deeply tinged with red; stamens 20; anthers
large, deep rose color; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a broad ring
of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening early in May, in usually 2—3-fruited
clusters, depressed-globose, scarlet, lustrous, dotted with pale spots,
½′—⅔′ in diameter, with a small narrow cavity surrounded by the erect
calyx-lobes; nutlets 3—5, rounded at the ends, rounded and slightly
grooved on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—30° high, with a tall stem occasionally 1° in diameter,
covered with deeply fissured bark, divided into dark red-brown
persistent scales, slender mostly erect branches forming a narrow
round-topped head, and slender branchlets villose-pubescent when they
first appear, soon glabrous, lustrous and bright chestnut-brown during
their first season, becoming dull gray in their second year, and armed
with stout straight chestnut-brown spines ½′—1′ in length, or more often
unarmed; occasionally with several stems forming a large shrub.
Distribution. In deep depressions filled with water for most of the
year, low river banks and borders of swamps; near Mt. Vernon, Mobile
County, and near Selma, Dallas County, Alabama; southern Mississippi
(Meridian, Lauderdale County, and Hattiesburg, Forest County); eastern
Louisiana; sometimes in St. Tammany Parish covering large tracts almost
to the exclusion of other plants; western Louisiana from the coast to
nearly the northern border of the state, and eastern Texas to the valley
of the Trinity River; rare and local east of the Mississippi River;
common westward. The fruit is largely used in making preserves and
jellies.
IV. VIRIDES.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 20.
Fruit not exceeding ⅓′ in diameter.
Anthers pale yellow.
Corymbs, branchlets and leaves glabrous.
Bark of the trunk pale gray, close and smooth.
Leaves ovate to oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate, rarely
rounded at apex; fruit depressed-globose, bright
scarlet or orange.
41. C. viridis (A, C).
Leaves ovate, acute, often broadly cuneate at base; fruit
subglobose, orange-red.
42. C. ovata (A).
Leaves oval or ovate, acute, rounded or broadly cuneate at
base; fruit globose, yellow-green flushed with red.
43. C. vulsa (C).
Bark of the trunk dark brown or nearly black; leaves
subcoriaceous.
Leaves oblong-ovate to semiorbicular, acute, often
short-pointed or rarely rounded at apex; fruit
short-oblong to obovoid or globose, dull orange color.
44. C. glabriuscula.
Leaves oval to rhombic, acute or acuminate; fruit subglobose
to short-oblong, bright orange-red.
45. C. blanda (C).
Corymbs and branchlets villose-pubescent; leaves ovate or
obovate, acute or rounded at apex; fruit subglobose,
orange-red.
46. C. velutina (C).
Anthers deep rose color; leaves elliptic to oblong-ovate, acute,
acuminate or rarely rounded at apex; fruit globose or
subglobose, orange-red.
47. C. arborescens (C).
Fruit ½′—¾′ in diameter.
Anthers yellow.
Leaves cuneate at base; calyx-tube glabrous.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-obovate, acuminate; fruit
short-oblong, dull brick red covered with a glaucous
bloom.
48. C. nitida (A).
Leaves obovate to oval or rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at
apex; fruit subglobose to short-oblong, dark crimson.
49. C. mitis (A).
Leaves, broad and rounded at base, ovate, acute; calyx-tube
villose; fruit subglobose to short-oblong, dark red.
50. C. atrorubens (A).
Anthers rose color; corymbs villose; fruit red.
Leaves obovate, oval or ovate, acute, scabrate above; fruit
globose to subglobose, anthers deep rose color.
51. C. ingens (C).
Leaves broadly obovate, oval or ovate, acute or acuminate,
smooth above; fruit globose or depressed-globose; anthers
pale rose color.
52. C. penita (C).
Stamens usually 10; occasionally 12—20; anthers bright red; leaves
oblong-obovate to oval, usually acute or acuminate; fruit
subglobose to short-oblong, bright orange-red.
53. C. micracantha (C).
41. Cratægus viridis L.
_Cratægus Davisii_ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 393]
Leaves ovate to oblong-obovate or oval, acute or acuminate or rarely
rounded at apex, gradually narrowed to the cuneate base, finely serrate
above with incurved glandular teeth, and sometimes slightly 3-lobed
toward the apex, tinged with red and slightly hairy above when they
unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open in April and May, and
at maturity membranaceous to subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous on
the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, with large axillary tufts
of pale hairs, 1′—2′ long, and ½′—1′ wide, with a thick midrib and
conspicuous primary veins; often turning brilliant scarlet late in the
autumn before falling; petioles slender, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the
end of vigorous shoots often deeply laterally lobed with narrow
acuminate lobes, and 2½′—4′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in
diameter, on long slender pedicels, in many-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes lanceolate, entire; stamens 20;
anthers pale yellow; styles 2—5, usually 5, surrounded at base by
conspicuous tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening in the autumn and mostly
persistent on the branches through the winter, on long slender pedicels,
in drooping many-fruited clusters, depressed-globose, bright scarlet or
orange, ⅛′—¼′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes often
deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets usually 5, narrowed and rounded
at the ends, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged on the back,
1/16′—⅛′ long.
A tree, 20°—35° high, with a straight often fluted trunk 8°—12° tall,
and 18′—20′ in diameter, covered with close gray or pale orange-colored
bark, small branches forming a round rather compact head, and slender
glabrous branchlets ashy gray to light red-brown in their first winter,
and unarmed or occasionally armed with slender sharp pale spines ¾′—1′
long.
Distribution. On the often inundated borders of streams and swamps,
rarely in drier ground on low slopes; southeastern Virginia (banks of
the Blackwater River near Zuni, Isle of Wight County), North Carolina
(Salisbury, Rowan County), South Carolina (near Aiken, Aiken County),
eastern Georgia (near Augusta, Richmond County, and Macon, Bibb County),
western Florida (River Junction, Gadsden County, and Tallahassee, Leon
County to the swamps of the lower Apalachicola River), and westward
through central and southern Alabama, southern Mississippi, and
Louisiana to the valley of the San Antonio River (Sutherland Springs,
Wilson County), Texas, and to central and western Arkansas, eastern
Oklahoma and southeastern Missouri (Butler County), and northward in the
region adjacent to the Mississippi River from Louisiana to northeastern
Missouri, and to Pike County, Illinois, ranging eastward in Mississippi
to Tishomingo County in the northeastern corner of the state, to
northwestern Georgia, southeastern Tennessee, and to Richland County,
Illinois; rare and local in the Atlantic and east Gulf states; common
and often forming great thickets in western Louisiana, the coast region
of eastern Texas, southern Arkansas, and in the region adjacent to the
Mississippi River.
42. Cratægus ovata Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 394]
Leaves ovate, acute, broadly or acutely concave-cuneate at the entire
base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with glandular teeth, and
occasionally slightly divided into short lateral lobes, nearly fully
grown when the flowers open early in May and then dark green, very
smooth and glabrous above with the exception of a few short scattered
hairs near the base of the midrib, paler below, with small persistent
axillary tufts of white hairs, and at maturity membranaceous, 2′—2½′
long, and 1½′—2′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib and primary veins;
petioles slender, rose-colored in the autumn, about ¾′ in length; leaves
at the end of vigorous shoots rounded or truncate at the broad base,
coarsely serrate, and sometimes 3′ long and wide. Flowers about ½′ in
diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad loose many-flowered
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes broad acute,
entire or coarsely glandular-serrate toward the apex, glabrous; styles
5. Fruit ripening in October, on elongated pedicels, in long drooping
clusters, subglobose or a little longer than broad, orange-red, ¼′—5/16′
long; calyx enlarged, with elongated closely appressed lobes sometimes
deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets 5, acute at the ends, rounded or
slightly ridged on the back, about 3/16′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter,
covered with smooth gray bark, slender glabrous branchlets light reddish
brown and lustrous during their first year, becoming grayish brown in
their second season, and unarmed or armed with occasional dark purple
slender slightly curved shining spines 1′ long.
Distribution. Low moist soil on the banks of the River Desperes, South
St. Louis, St. Louis County, and near Alba, Jasper County, Missouri.
43. Cratægus vulsa Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 395]
Leaves oval or ovate, acute, broad and rounded or broad-cuneate at the
entire base, irregularly and often doubly serrate above with straight or
incurved gland-tipped teeth, and often divided into several short acute
lateral lobes, when they unfold dark bronze-red, and pilose with
scattered caducous hairs, and furnished below with tufts of pale often
persistent hairs in the axils of the principal veins, nearly fully grown
when the flowers open late in April, and at maturity thin, bright green
on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, about 2′ long and 1½′
wide, with a slender midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of thin pale yellow primary
veins; turning in the autumn yellow or brown; petioles slender, somewhat
villose at first, soon becoming glabrous, about ¾′ in length; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, broad and
rounded or occasionally truncate or broadly cuneate at base, more
coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide, with
a stout winged glandular petiole. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender
pedicels, in compact 3—10-flowered corymbs, with linear acuminate
glandular red bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate,
entire or occasionally obscurely serrate toward the apex, glabrous;
stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a
thin ring of pale hairs. Fruit ripening at the end of September or early
in October, on slender pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters,
globose, yellow-green flushed with red, ⅓′ in diameter; calyx prominent,
with closely appressed lobes; flesh yellow-green; nutlets 3—5, thin,
rounded, sometimes slightly ridged and grooved on the back, about 3/16′
long.
A tree, occasionally 20° high, with a tall trunk 5′—6′ in diameter,
covered with thin fissured bark separating into light gray scales tinged
with brown, and often armed with long compound spines, ascending or
spreading branches forming an oval usually compact symmetrical head, and
slender nearly straight glabrous chestnut-brown branchlets becoming
gray, and armed with thin nearly straight bright chestnut-brown shining
spines 1′—1½′ long; sometimes a shrub, with numerous stems.
Distribution. Rich moist soil in the neighborhood of streams;
northwestern Georgia and northeastern Alabama.
44. Cratægus glabriuscula Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 396]
Leaves oblong-ovate to semiorbicular, acute or often short-pointed or
rarely rounded at apex, gradually narrowed from below the middle to the
slender entire base, coarsely and often doubly serrate usually only
above the middle with broad straight gland-tipped teeth, and sometimes
divided toward the apex into 2 or 3 short acute lobes, nearly fully
grown when the flowers open the 1st of April, and then membranaceous and
slightly pilose above with scattered hairs most abundant along the base
of the midrib, and at maturity subcoriaceous, hard and firm, dark green
and lustrous on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 1½′—2′
long, and ¾′—1′ wide, with a thin light yellow midrib, and primary veins
extending obliquely toward the end of the leaf, conspicuous secondary
veins and reticulate veinlets; petioles slender, wing-margined, ⅓′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often ovate, broadly
cuneate at base, much more coarsely serrate, more frequently lobed,
2′—2½′ long and wide. Flowers about ½′ in diameter, on long slender
pedicels, in few-flowered rather compact corymbs; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes short, gradually narrowed from a broad
base, entire, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20, anthers nearly
white; styles 5. Fruit ripening in September and often persistent until
late into the winter, on long slender pedicels, in compact many-fruited
drooping clusters, short-oblong to obovoid or nearly globose, dull
orange color, marked by minute dark dots, about ¼′ long; calyx enlarged,
conspicuous, with spreading or closely appressed lobes dull red on the
upper side at base, often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh very
thin, yellow, dry and hard; nutlets 5, rounded and sometimes obscurely
grooved on the back, about 3/16′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall straight trunk often a foot in
diameter, covered with thin dark brown scaly bark, long ascending
branches forming a narrow head, and slender nearly straight branchlets,
unarmed or armed with occasional slender straight chestnut-brown
lustrous spines ¾′—1′ long.
Distribution. Bottom-lands of the Trinity River and its branches near
Dallas, Dallas County, Texas, in forests of Elms and Nettle-trees.
45. Cratægus blanda Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 397]
Leaves oval to rhombic, acute or acuminate, and occasionally slightly
lobed toward the apex, broadly cuneate or concave-cuneate at the entire
base, coarsely crenately serrate above the middle with gland-tipped
teeth, coated with soft pale hairs when they unfold, fully grown when
the flowers open about the 1st of May, and then membranaceous, dark
green and lustrous above and glabrous below with the exception of large
axillary tufts of snow-white tomentum, and at maturity subcoriaceous,
yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler on the lower
surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1⅓′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 2 or 3
pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely toward the end of the
leaf; petioles slender, at first villose along the upper side, soon
becoming glabrous, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
often broadly ovate, rounded at base, more deeply lobed above the
middle, 2′—2½′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on slender
elongated pedicels, in broad many-flowered corymbs, with linear entire
bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, entire or obscurely
dentate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers canary-yellow; styles 5. Fruit
ripening about the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in
many-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, bright
orange-red, ¼′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with spreading lobes
usually deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets 5, thin, narrowed at the
ends, deeply grooved on the back, ¼′ long.
An unarmed tree, 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter,
covered with dark brown or nearly black bark divided by shallow fissures
and broken on the surface into small plate-like scales, stout ascending
branches forming a broad irregular head, and nearly straight glabrous
branchlets dark orange-green at first, becoming dull red-brown during
their first season and darker brown the following year.
Distribution. Dry uplands and low rolling hills near Fulton, Hempstead
County, Arkansas.
46. Cratægus velutina Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 398]
Leaves ovate to obovate, acute or rounded at apex, gradually narrowed
and cuneate at the entire base, and sharply often doubly serrate with
straight glandular teeth, more than half grown when the flowers open at
the end of April and then covered above by short white hairs and below
with hoary pubescence, and often furnished with axillary tufts of white
tomentum, and at maturity glabrous, smooth and lustrous on the upper
surface and covered on the lower surface with matted pale hairs, 1¾′—2′
long, and 1½′—2′ wide, with a thin midrib and primary veins; petioles
slender, thickly covered early in the season with matted hairs, becoming
glabrous, ½′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots ovate,
rounded or broad-cuneate at base, coarsely serrate, usually slightly
lobed above the middle, and often 2½′—3′ long and 1½′ wide. Flowers ½′
in diameter on slender villose pedicels, in usually 7—12-flowered hairy
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, the lobes gradually
narrowed from a broad base, short, acute, entire, slightly villose;
stamens 20; anthers yellow; styles 5. Fruit on long slender glabrous or
nearly glabrous drooping stems in few-fruited clusters, subglobose,
orange-red, marked by small pale dots, about ¼′ in diameter; calyx
prominent, with a deep narrow cavity pointed in the bottom, and closely
appressed lobes; flesh thin, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, acute at base,
rounded at apex, ridged on the back with a low grooved ridge, about ⅙′
long and ⅛′ wide.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with dark
rough scaly bark, and slender slightly zigzag branchlets,
hoary-tomentose when they first appear, light reddish brown, marked by
pale lenticels and glabrous or sometimes pubescent near the end in their
first autumn, and ashy gray the following year, and armed with slender
nearly straight chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ in length.
Distribution. Uplands in dry sandy soil, Fulton, Hempstead County, near
Texarkana, Bowie County, Arkansas; and in the valley of the lower Brazos
River (near Columbia, Brazoria County), Texas.
47. Cratægus arborescens Ell.
[Illustration: Fig. 399]
Leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, acute, acuminate or rarely rounded
and abruptly short-pointed and slightly lobed at apex, gradually
narrowed cuneate and entire at base, and coarsely doubly serrate above
the middle with incurved glandular teeth, villose on the upper side of
the midrib with short white hairs when they unfold, and at maturity
thin, glabrous, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler and
often furnished on the lower surface with small axillary tufts of pale
hairs, 1′—2′ long, and ¾′—1′ wide, with a slender midrib and primary
veins; petioles slender, glabrous, ½′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots oval to oblong-ovate or elliptic, acuminate, abruptly or
gradually narrowed and cuneate at base, more or less deeply lobed with
acuminate lateral lobes, often 2½′ long and 1¼′ wide, their petioles
stout, and glabrous early in the season. Flowers ½′ in diameter, on
slender pedicels, in wide many-flowered compound corymbs; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous or slightly pilose, the lobes slender,
acuminate, entire, glabrous or slightly villose on the inner surface,
deciduous from the ripe fruit; stamens 20; anthers deep rose color;
styles usually 5. Fruit on short pedicels in many-fruited drooping
clusters, globose or subglobose, orange-red, ¼′—⅓′ in diameter; nutlets
5, pointed at the ends, slightly ridged on the back, about ⅙′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 12′—18′ in diameter covered with
close pale gray bark, spreading and erect branches forming a broad
rather open irregular head, and slender glabrous red-brown branchlets,
ashy gray in their second season, and unarmed or armed with straight
slender chestnut-brown spines.
Distribution. River banks, low wet woods and borders of swamps;
Georgia-coast region, near Dorchester, Liberty County, in the
neighborhood of Savannah, and on the Ogeechee River at Fort Argyle,
Chatham County (type station); near Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia.
48. Cratægus nitida Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 400]
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-obovate, acuminate, abruptly or gradually
narrowed and cuneate at the entire base, coarsely serrate above with
straight or incurved glandular teeth, and often more or less divided
into 2 or 3 pairs of broad acute lobes, dark red and slightly villose
along the upper side of the midrib with scattered caducous hairs when
they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in May, and
at maturity thick and coriaceous, dark green and very lustrous on the
upper surface, pale and dull on the lower surface, 2′—3′ long, and
1′—1½′ wide, with a prominent midrib usually red on the lower side, and
few thin prominent primary veins generally extending to the point of the
lobes; turning in the autumn rich orange color through shades of bronze
and orange-red; petioles stout, glandular, villose while young on the
upper side, soon becoming glabrous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots more deeply lobed and frequently 5′ long and 2½′
wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in broad
compound many-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes slender, elongated, acuminate, entire or sparingly
glandular-serrate; stamens 15—20; anthers pale yellow; styles 2—5. Fruit
ripening at the end of October, on slender elongated pedicels, in
many-fruited drooping clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the
ends, pruinose with a glaucous bloom, marked by small dark dots, ½′—⅝′
long, and about ⅓′ in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes
dark red at the base on the upper side, usually erect, often deciduous
before the fruit ripens; nutlets 2—5, rounded and ridged on the back
with a broad low rounded ridge, light-colored, ¼′ long.
A tree, often 30° high, with a tall straight trunk sometimes 18′ in
diameter, covered with close dark bark broken into thick plate-like
scales, stout spreading lower branches and erect upper branches forming
a broad often irregular head, and slender glabrous branchlets bright
orange-brown and lustrous during their first and second seasons,
becoming pale reddish brown in their third year, and ultimately ashy
gray, and unarmed or armed with occasional straight thin bright
chestnut-brown lustrous spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Bottoms of the Mississippi River, St. Clair County,
Illinois; common.
49. Cratægus mitis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 401]
Leaves obovate to oval or rhombic, acute or rarely rounded at apex,
gradually narrowed and concave-cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely
serrate above with straight glandular teeth, nearly fully grown when the
flowers open during the first week of May, and then light yellow-green
above, paler below, and glabrous with the exception of a few short hairs
on the upper side of the midrib, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark
green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale yellow-green on the lower
surface, 1½′—2½′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a prominent midrib and
slender primary veins; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex,
occasionally glandular with minute glands, 1⅓′—1½′ in length. Flowers
½′—⅝′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in compact 8—15-flowered
glabrous corymbs, with red glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube
narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes glabrous, abruptly narrowed from a
broad base, acuminate, finely glandular-serrate below the middle with
minute stipitate red glands; stamens 20; anthers yellow; styles 2—4,
usually 3. Fruit ripening the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in
many-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, rounded at
the ends, dark crimson, marked by occasional large dark dots, ½′—⅝′
long, about ½′ in diameter; calyx only slightly enlarged, the lobes
serrate, closely appressed, often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh
thick, pale orange color, and juicy; nutlets usually 3, thick, full and
rounded at the ends, prominently ridged on the back, with a broad high
rounded deeply grooved ridge, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter,
covered with dark scaly bark, large spreading branches forming a broad
round-topped head, and glabrous branchlets dull light reddish brown
during their first season, becoming dark brown or ashy gray, and armed
with stout straight or slightly curved dull red-brown or purplish spines
usually about 1½′ long.
Distribution. Low moist rich soil on the bottoms of the Mississippi
River near the village of Kahokia, St. Clair County, Illinois.
50. Cratægus atrorubens Ashe.
[Illustration: Fig. 402]
Leaves ovate, acute, usually rounded or sometimes cuneate or truncate at
the broad entire base, coarsely and usually doubly serrate above, and
often divided into 2 or 3 pairs of short acute lobes, about half grown
when the flowers open late in April or early in May and then slightly
roughened above by short scattered white hairs, and furnished below with
conspicuous axillary tufts of pale tomentum, and at maturity thin,
glabrous, dark dull green and smooth on the upper surface, light
yellow-green on the lower surface, about 2′ long and 1½′ wide, or on
vigorous shoots frequently 3′ long, and 2½′ wide, with a thin midrib and
4 or 5 pairs of slender primary veins; petioles slender, nearly terete,
more or less densely villose early in the season, soon becoming
glabrous, 1′—1½′ in length. Flowers about ⅝′ in diameter, on slender
elongated villose pedicels, in broad loose glabrous or villose corymbs;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, densely villose throughout or only at base
with pale tomentum, the lobes short, acute, finely glandular-serrate,
villose particularly on the inner surface; stamens 20; styles 4 or 5,
surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and
falling early in October, on slender pedicels, in drooping few-fruited
clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, rounded at the ends, dark red;
calyx somewhat enlarged, with spreading lobes usually deciduous before
the fruit ripens; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, rounded and sometimes obscurely
grooved on the back, about 3/16′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall trunk 12′—18′ in diameter,
covered with dark red-brown scaly bark, thin erect and spreading
branches forming a compact rather narrow head, and slender glabrous
branchlets marked by occasional dark lenticels, dark green more or less
tinged with red when they first appear, soon becoming dark
chestnut-brown and very lustrous, and bright reddish brown in their
second year, and usually unarmed.
Distribution. St. Louis County, Missouri, and rich bottom-lands of the
Mississippi River, St. Clair County, Illinois; not common.
51. Cratægus ingens Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 403]
Leaves obovate-oval or ovate, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire
base, crenately serrate above, and often slightly lobed toward the acute
apex, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of April or
early in May and then roughened above by short rigid hairs and villose
below along the midrib, and the remote slender veins extending obliquely
to the point of the lobes, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark green and
scabrate on the upper surface, paler and nearly glabrous on the lower
surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1¼′—1½′ wide; turning in the autumn yellow,
orange, red, or brown; petioles stout, narrowly wing-margined to the
middle, pubescent while young, becoming glabrous, about ¾′ in length;
leaves at the end of vigorous shoots more deeply lobed and often 3′—3½′
long, and 2′ wide, with a stout broad-winged petiole sometimes 1½′ long.
Flowers ½′—⅝′ in diameter, on slender hairy pedicels, in many-flowered
compact hairy corymbs; calyx narrowly obconic, coated, especially toward
the base with matted pale hairs, the lobes slender, elongated, acute,
glandular with bright red glands, glabrous on the outer, sparingly
villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers deep rose color;
styles 3—5. Fruit ripening in October, on stout puberulous pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, globose to subglobose, red, about ⅜′ in
diameter; calyx little enlarged, with reflexed appressed nearly glabrous
lobes; nutlets 3—5, rounded or slightly grooved and ridged on the back,
¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, spreading
branches forming a wide round-topped head, and unarmed branchlets
covered at first with matted pale hairs, soon becoming glabrous, dark
chestnut-brown.
Distribution. Moist woods and the low banks of streams; southeastern
Tennessee and northwestern Georgia.
52. Cratægus penita Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 404]
Leaves broad-obovate, oval, or ovate, acute or acuminate at apex,
broadly or acutely concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply often
doubly serrate above with glandular mostly straight teeth, and often
slightly lobed above the middle, deeply tinged with red and covered with
pale hairs when they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open
about the 1st of May and then smooth above, and glabrous below with the
exception of axillary tufts of pale hairs, and at maturity
subcoriaceous, dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler on
the lower surface, 1¾′—2′ long, and 1′—1¾′ wide, with a prominent midrib
and slender primary veins; turning orange, yellow, and brown in the
autumn; petioles slender, covered while young like the upper side of the
base of the midrib with pale deciduous hairs, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at
the end of vigorous shoots often rounded or subcordate at base, more or
less deeply lobed, and 2½′—3′ long and broad, with a stout broadly
winged glandular petiole. Flowers about ⅝′ in diameter, on elongated
glabrous or sparingly hairy pedicels, in compact few-flowered nearly
glabrous corymbs; calyx broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually
narrowed from a broad base, slender, acuminate, entire, or furnished
with occasional minute glandular teeth, slightly villose on the inner
surface; stamens 20; anthers white faintly tinged with pink; styles 3—5.
Fruit ripening in October, on elongated slender pedicels, in few-fruited
drooping clusters, globose or depressed-globose, red, about ¼′ in
diameter; calyx enlarged, with spreading or reflexed lobes villose on
the upper side; nutlets 3—5, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and
broadly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a short trunk sometimes 10′ in diameter,
stout ascending or spreading branches forming a wide head, unarmed
branchlets puberulous while young, soon glabrous, becoming light reddish
brown.
Distribution. Low moist woods and the banks of streams; southeastern
Tennessee.
53. Cratægus micracantha Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 405]
Leaves oblong-obovate to oval, acute, acuminate, or rarely rounded at
apex, gradually or abruptly narrowed from above or from below the middle
to the cuneate entire base, coarsely crenulate-serrate, and occasionally
3-lobed above with short broad acute lateral lobes, when they unfold
villose on the upper and hoary-tomentose on the lower surface, more than
half grown when the flowers open about the middle of May and then
membranaceous and slightly villose above with short scattered pale
hairs, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark yellow-green,
lustrous and smooth above, paler and tomentose below on the slender
midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of very obscure primary veins, 2′—2½′ long, and
1′—1¼′ wide; petioles slender, tomentose early in the season, becoming
glabrous or pubescent, ½′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots often broadly rhombic to obovate, acuminate, frequently deeply
3-lobed or divided into 2 or 3 pairs of short lateral lobes, usually
2½′—3′ long. Flowers cup-shaped, ¼′ in diameter, on long slender
pedicels thickly coated with matted white hairs, in broad lax
many-flowered compound hairy corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic,
villose, the lobes linear, acuminate, entire, slightly villose, tipped
with minute dark glands; stamens usually 10, occasionally 12, 15, or 20;
anthers small, deep bright red; styles 5. Fruit ripening the middle of
October, on slender pubescent pedicels, in drooping many-fruited
clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends,
bright orange-red, lustrous, marked by occasional large pale dots, about
¼′ long; calyx prominent, with a short villose tube, and spreading erect
hairy lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; nutlets 5, thin, acute
at the narrow ends, rounded and sometimes slightly grooved on the back,
about 3/16′ long.
An unarmed tree, sometimes 25° high, with a tall trunk 8′—12′ in
diameter, covered with light or dark brown bark separating freely into
thin narrow scales, stout spreading branches forming a broad flat-topped
handsome head, and slender nearly straight branchlets coated until after
the flowering time with thick hoary tomentum, bright red-brown and
puberulous during their first season, becoming light or dark dull
reddish brown the following year.
Distribution. Common in low woods in rich moist soil near Fulton,
Hempstead County, Arkansas.
V. PRUINOSÆ.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 20.
Anthers rose color.
Leaves elliptic; fruit subglobose, green and pruinose when fully
grown, becoming dark purple-red and very lustrous; anthers
large, deep rose color.
54. C. pruinosa (A, C).
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate; fruit short-oblong, dull
russet-green; anthers small, light rose color.
55. C. georgiana (C).
Anthers white; leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base; fruit broader
than high, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous.
56. C. callicarpa (A).
Stamens 10; anthers dark rose color; leaves broad-ovate, acuminate;
fruit subglobose, green more or less tinged with red, pruinose.
57. C. disjuncta (A).
54. Cratægus pruinosa K. Koch.
[Illustration: Fig. 406]
Leaves elliptic, acute, broadly or acutely cuneate at the entire base,
irregularly and often doubly serrate above with glandular straight or
incurved teeth, and divided in 3 or 4 pairs of short acute or acuminate
lateral lobes, when they unfold bright red and glabrous with the
exception of a few short caducous hairs on the upper side of the base of
the midrib, nearly fully grown when the flowers open from the middle to
the end of May and then membranaceous and bluish green, and at maturity
subcoriaceous, dark blue-green and often glaucous above, pale below,
1′—1½′ long, and ¾′—1′ wide, with a slender midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of
thin primary veins running to the point of the lobes; late in the autumn
turning dull orange color; petioles slender, glandular, slightly winged
at the apex, often bright red in early spring and in the autumn, 1′—1½′
in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, often
rounded at base, more coarsely serrate and more deeply lobed, frequently
2½′ long and wide, with stouter and more broadly winged petioles.
Flowers ¾′—1′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in few-flowered
glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
gradually narrowed from a wide base, long-pointed, finely
glandular-serrate below the middle; stamens 20; anthers large, deep rose
color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a thick ring of hoary tomentum.
Fruit on long thin light green ultimately bright red pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, 5-angled, apple green and covered with a
glaucous bloom until nearly fully ripe, at maturity late in October
subglobose but rather broader than high, barely angled, ½′—⅝′ in
diameter, dark purple-red, marked by many small dull dots, very
lustrous; calyx prominent, with a long well-developed tube, and enlarged
usually erect lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh
thick, light yellow; nutlets 5, light-colored, acute at apex, narrowed
and rounded at base, deeply grooved on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a stem a few inches in diameter, spreading
horizontal branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender
glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-brown during their first season,
later becoming dark reddish brown, and armed with numerous stout
straight light chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ long; often shrubby, with
several intricately branched stems.
Distribution. Slopes of low hills often in limestone soil; southwestern
Vermont, westward through New York to southern Ontario (neighborhood of
Toronto), and through Ohio and Indiana to central and northern Illinois,
and southward through eastern Pennsylvania to northern Delaware.
55. Cratægus georgiana Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 407]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded or broad-cuneate at
base, finely and often doubly serrate with straight or incurved
gland-tipped teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral lobes,
glabrous with the exception of a few pale caducous hairs on the upper
surface and bronze-yellow when they unfold, nearly half grown when the
flowers open about the 20th of April and then thin, dark yellow-green
above and pale below, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark
blue-green on the upper surface, pale on the lower surface, 1½′—2′ long,
and 1′—1¼′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib and 3 or 4 pairs of thin
primary veins; petioles slender, often short-winged at the apex, usually
about ¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 3′ long
and 2′ wide, sometimes deltoid and usually much more deeply lobed.
Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in usually 5—7-flowered
compact glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the
lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, entire or
obscurely and irregularly serrate, glabrous; stamens 20; anthers small;
light rose color; styles 5; surrounded at the base by a narrow ring of
pale tomentum. Fruit ripening and falling early in October, on slender
pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, full and
rounded at the ends, often obscurely 5-angled, dull russet-green, ⅜′—½′
long; calyx-lobes only slightly enlarged, mostly deciduous before the
fruit ripens, leaving a well-defined ring at the summit of the short
calyx-tube; flesh thin, light green; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and
irregularly grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 10′—12′ in diameter,
stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical round-topped
head, and slender lustrous chestnut-brown branchlets armed with straight
or slightly curved thin spines rarely more than 1½′ long.
Distribution. Low rich river-bottoms and meadows in the neighborhood of
Rome, Floyd County, Georgia.
56. Cratægus callicarpa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 408]
Leaves ovate, acute, cordate at base, coarsely often doubly serrate with
long straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of
short broad acuminate lateral lobes, not more than a quarter grown when
the flowers open late in April and then very thin, yellow-green and
slightly villose above and on the midrib below, and at maturity thin,
glabrous, dark yellow-green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale
yellow-green on the lower surface, 4′—4½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a
stout midrib, and 3 or 4 pairs of prominent primary veins connected by
conspicuous cross veinlets; petioles stout, slightly wing-margined at
apex, sparingly glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots thicker, with shorter glandular petioles rose-colored
toward the base. Flowers 1′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels, in
small compact 5—10-flowered corymbs, with lanceolate to linear-obovate
glandular bracts and bractlets usually persistent until the flowers
open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, glabrous, the lobes separated by wide
sinuses, short, broad, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, slightly
villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 5,
surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening
early in October on short stout spreading pedicels in 2 or 3-fruited
clusters, broader than high, distinctly 5-angled, rounded at the wide
apex, truncate at base, with a deep depression at the insertion of the
pedicel, scarlet, pruinose, becoming lustrous, marked by numerous large
pale dots, ¾′—⅘′ broad, and about ¾′ high; calyx-lobes deciduous; flesh
thin, light yellow slightly tinged with red, remaining on the ground
through the winter without becoming soft; nutlets 5, thin, acute at
apex, rounded at base, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged with a low
grooved ridge on the back, ⅕′—¼′ long and wide.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall stem 5′—6′ in diameter covered with
dark scaly bark, and stout nearly straight branchlets dark orange-green
when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown, lustrous and
marked by small pale lenticels in their first season, and dull reddish
brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly
curved purplish spines 1′—1½′ in length.
Distribution. Rich hillsides, near Shrewsbury, St. Louis County,
Missouri.
57. Cratægus disjuncta Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 409]
Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, full and rounded or concave cuneate at
the entire base, sharply often doubly serrate above with straight or
incurved glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided above the
middle into narrow acuminate spreading lobes, thin, glabrous, dark
blue-green above, pale below, 2½′—3′ long, and 2¼′—2½′ wide, with a
slender yellow midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending
obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, wing-margined at
apex, glandular, 1′—1¼′ in length. Flowers opening the first of May, ⅔′
in diameter, on long stout pedicels, in glabrous compact 3—6 usually
5-flowered glabrous corymbs, with conspicuous glandular early deciduous
bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes
slender, acuminate, glabrous, entire or sparingly glandular-serrate;
stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at
base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum. Fruit on stout rigid pedicels,
in drooping or spreading clusters, subglobose, usually rather broader
than high, angled, green more or less tinged with red, pruinose, ½′—¾′
in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short tube and much enlarged
spreading or erect lobes usually deciduous at midsummer; flesh thin,
greenish yellow; nutlets usually 4, rounded at the ends, deeply grooved
on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—18° high, with a tall slender trunk, covered with dark
slightly scaly bark, small erect and spreading branches forming an open
irregular head, and stout slightly zigzag glabrous branchlets dark
olive-green tinged with red when they first appear, dark dull reddish
brown or purple and marked by small pale lenticels at the end of their
first season, becoming light grayish brown in their second year, and
armed with numerous stout nearly straight dark purple lustrous spines
2½′—3′ in length.
Distribution. Gravelly banks of small streams near Monteer, Shannon
County, and at Carl Junction, Jasper County, Missouri.
VI. SILVICOLÆ.
_Medioximæ_ Sarg.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Fruit on short erect pedicels; leaves rounded or occasionally slightly
cordate at base.
58. C. drymophila (C).
Fruit on elongated drooping pedicels.
Leaves truncate, cordate or rounded at base; anthers, pale rose.
59. C. diffusa (A).
Leaves cuneate or rounded at base; anthers, dark purple.
60. C. luxuriosa (A).
58. Cratægus drymophila Sarg.
_Cratægus silvicola_ Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 410]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded at the entire base,
sharply and often doubly serrate above with gland-tipped teeth, and
slightly and irregularly divided into short acute lateral lobes, when
they unfold dark red and coated with short soft pale hairs most abundant
on the upper surface, about half grown when the flowers open at the end
of April and then nearly glabrous, and at maturity thin, dark
yellow-green and smooth or scabrate above, pale and glabrous below, or
occasionally villose along the under side of the slender midrib, and of
3 or 4 pairs of thin primary veins extending to the point of the lobes,
about 2′ long and 1½′—1¾′ wide; petioles slender, glandular, about 1′ in
length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often deltoid, truncate or
cordate at base, more coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and often 2½′
long and wide. Flowers about ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in
compact few-flowered thin-branched glabrous corymbs, with linear
glandular bright red caducous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed, acuminate, glabrous,
entire or glandular-serrate; stamens 10; anthers large, dark rose color;
styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale hairs. Fruit
ripening at the end of September and soon falling, on short pedicels, in
erect few-fruited clusters, subglobose and often a little broader than
long, red or greenish yellow, with a rosy cheek, about ½′ in diameter;
calyx little enlarged, with spreading lobes usually deciduous before the
fruit ripens; flesh thin and yellow; nutlets 3—5, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall straight trunk 6′—8′ in
diameter, covered with close or slightly fissured bark broken into small
gray or red-brown scales, and often armed with long stout branched gray
spines, ascending or spreading branches forming a narrow irregular or
round-topped head, and slender branchlets dark green tinged with red and
covered with long pale scattered white hairs when they first appear,
soon becoming glabrous, bright red-brown during their first year, and
ultimately ashy gray, and armed with few or many thin straight or
somewhat curved bright chestnut-brown spines 1½′—2′ long; or in dry soil
of upland forests usually a shrub, with numerous stems.
Distribution. Low moist flat woods; northern Alabama and northwestern
and central Georgia, and occasionally on the drier uplands of the
surrounding country; common; central Mississippi (Pelahatchee, Rankin
County; Jackson, Hinds County, and in Franklin County); eastern
Louisiana (Holtsville, St. Tammany Parish, anthers pink, _R. S. Cocks_).
59. Cratægus diffusa Sarg.
_Cratægus Beckwithæ_ Sarg.
_Cratægus Robbinsiana_ Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 411]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded, truncate or cordate
at the entire base, often doubly serrate above with straight glandular
teeth, and more or less deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of spreading
acuminate lateral lobes, deeply-tinged with red, glabrous below and
covered above with short white hairs when they unfold, nearly fully
grown when the flowers open from the middle to the 20th of May and then
thin, pale yellow-green and hairy above and pale below, and at maturity
thin and firm, smooth, dark green and glabrous on the upper surface,
pale on the lower surface, 1¼′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a slender
yellow midrib, and thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point
of the lobes; often turning orange color tinged with red in the autumn;
petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, glandular with minute
stipitate dark glands, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots broad-ovate, usually long-pointed, cordate or rarely truncate at
base, more coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and frequently 2½′—3′
long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a stout reddish conspicuously glandular
petiole ⅖′—⅗′ in length. Flowers ½′—⅗′ in diameter, on slender glabrous
pedicels, in 6—10-flowered corymbs, with linear glandular bracts and
bractlets mostly deciduous before the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes gradually narrowed from a wide base,
acuminate at the gland-tipped apex, entire or slightly and irregularly
toothed near the middle; stamens 7—10; anthers light rose color; styles
4 or 5, surrounded at base by a ring of pale tomentum. Fruit ripening
from the first to the middle of October, on slender pedicels, in
few-fruited erect clusters, depressed-globose, rather broader than high,
dull red and slightly pruinose, becoming lustrous, and about ½′ in
diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading appressed lobes bright
red on the upper side below the middle and mostly persistent on the ripe
fruit; flesh thin, hard, greenish white; nutlets 4 or 5, broad and
rounded at base, narrowed and rounded at apex, ridged on the back with a
high ridge, about ¼′ long.
A tree, occasionally 30° high with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter,
covered with light gray closely appressed scales, comparatively small
erect branches forming an open head, and slender slightly zigzag
branchlets marked by numerous dark lenticels, green tinged with red and
glabrous when they first appear, bright chestnut-brown and lustrous
during their first winter, and pale gray-brown the following year, and
armed with numerous slender or occasionally stout nearly straight bright
red-brown shining spines 1¼′—1½′ long; usually smaller and sometimes a
shrub.
Distribution. Valley of the Connecticut River (Walpole, Cheshire County,
New Hampshire, and Westminster and Putney, Windham County, Vermont),
western Vermont (near Burlington, Chittenden County); eastern, central
and western New York; common.
60. Cratægus luxuriosa Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 412]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, gradually narrowed and cuneate or
rounded at the often unsymmetrical base, finely often doubly serrate
with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided usually only above
the middle into 3 or 4 pairs of small acute lobes, about half grown when
the flowers open late in May and then thin, dark yellow-green and
roughened above by short white hairs and paler below, and at maturity
thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale bluish
green on the lower surface, 2¼′—2½′ long, and 1¾′—2′ wide, with a
slender midrib and obscure primary veins; petioles slender, slightly
wing-margined at apex, occasionally glandular with minute persistent
glands, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots
broad-ovate, rounded at base, coarsely serrate, laterally lobed with
numerous short broad lobes, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in
diameter, on short slender pedicels, in compact mostly 6—12-flowered
corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, the lobes long, slender,
acuminate, entire or occasionally slightly dentate near the middle,
glabrous on the outer surface, slightly villose on the inner surface;
stamens 8—10; anthers bright purple; styles 3—5. Fruit ripening and
beginning to fall early in October, on short stout pedicels, in drooping
usually 1—3-fruited clusters, subglobose to slightly obovoid, scarlet,
lustrous, marked by pale dots, ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged,
with a deep narrow cavity and spreading and incurved usually persistent
lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle; flesh thick,
yellow-green and acid; nutlets 3—5, usually 4, gradually narrowed and
rounded at the ends, ridged on the back with a broad high grooved ridge,
about ¼′ long.
An oval-headed tree, 20°—30° high, with a short trunk sometimes 8′—10′
in diameter, covered with dark gray scaly bark, and stout zigzag often
contorted branchlets dark orange-green and marked by large pale
lenticels when they first appear, becoming light chestnut-brown and
lustrous in their first season and dull red-brown the following year,
and armed with few stout slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines
1′—1½′ long, persistent and becoming branched on old stems.
Distribution. Rich hillsides, Kittanning, Armstrong County, and on the
flood plain of the Allegheny River at Whiskey Hollow across the river
from Kittanning, and Linesville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.
VII. TENUIFOLIÆ.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.
Stamens 5—10.
Corymbs villose.
Leaves oblong-ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers pink; fruit
obovoid to short-oblong.
61. C. apiomorpha (A).
Leaves oblong-obovate; stamens 10; anthers reddish purple; fruit
obovoid to subglobose.
62. C. paucispina (A).
Corymbs glabrous; leaves oval or ovate; stamens usually 5; anthers
dark reddish purple; fruit short-oblong.
63. C. pentandra (A).
Stamens usually 20.
Corymbs villose.
Leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rarely oval; fruit short-oblong
to obovoid.
64. C. lucorum (A).
Leaves rhombic to broad-ovate or rarely obovate; fruit
ellipsoidal.
65. C. lacera (C).
Corymbs glabrous.
Leaves ovate; anthers pale rose color; fruit subglobose to
broad-obovoid, dark red.
66. C. depilis (A).
Leaves ovate; stamens 15—20; anthers dark rose color; fruit
subglobose.
67. C. basilica (A).
61. Cratægus apiomorpha Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 413]
Leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, rounded or rarely cuneate at the entire
often unsymmetrical base, finely doubly serrate above with slender
glandular teeth, and slightly divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs
of triangular acute lobes, about half grown when the flowers open early
in May and then membranaceous, light yellow-green and tinged with red or
bronze color, and covered above with short white hairs and pale and
glabrous below, and at maturity thick and firm in texture, dark
blue-green and smooth and lustrous or sometimes dull and scabrate on the
upper surface, pale blue-green on the lower surface, 1½′—2¼′ long, and
1⅛′—1½′ wide, with a stout midrib, and primary veins arching obliquely
to the point of the lobes; petioles slender, slightly winged at the
apex, often sparingly glandular, ⅜′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots often 3′ long. Flowers ½′—¾′ in diameter, on short
villose or glabrous pedicels, in compact many-flowered usually hairy
corymbs, their bracts and bractlets linear to oblong-obovate,
glandular-serrate with stipitate dark red or purple glands, turning red
before falling, mostly persistent until after the flowers open;
calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the lobes abruptly narrowed at
base, slender, acuminate, entire or sparingly glandular; stamens 5—10,
usually 5; anthers pink; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale
hairs. Fruit ripening early in September and soon falling, on slender
pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, obovoid or rarely
short-oblong, bright reddish purple, marked by small scattered pale
dots, ⅜′—⅝′ long, and ¼′—⅓′ in diameter; calyx much enlarged, with
spreading lobes, their tips mostly deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh
thin, yellow, juicy, pleasantly acid; nutlets 3—5, thin, rounded and
ridged on the back with a low ridge, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk 6′ in diameter and 3°—6° long,
covered with dark gray bark separating into thin plates, in falling
disclosing the yellow inner bark, numerous ascending branches forming an
oblong or pyramidal crown, and slender branchlets dark dull red-brown
during their first season, becoming dark gray-brown the following year,
and unarmed, or armed with slender nearly straight dull red-brown
ultimately ashy gray spines 1′—1½′ long; or often shrubby, with numerous
stems spreading into small clumps.
Distribution. Dry open places, borders of woods, and the margins of the
high banks of streams; common and generally distributed in northeastern
Illinois.
62. Cratægus paucispina Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 414]
Leaves oblong-obovate, acuminate, rounded, concave-cuneate to truncate
or subcordate at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, and deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of acute
lateral lobes spreading or pointing toward the apex of the leaf, about
half grown when the flowers open early in May and then light
yellow-green and slightly roughened above by short white hairs and paler
and glabrous below, and at maturity membranaceous, dark blue-green and
scabrate on the upper surface, pale blue-green on the lower surface,
2½′—3′ long, and 1½′—2½′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin
primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles
slender, usually without glands, tinged with purple in the autumn,
¾′—1½′ in length. Flowers ⅝′—¾′ in diameter, on slender hairy pedicels,
in broad 12—20-flowered slightly villose corymbs, their bracts and
bractlets linear to oblong-obovate, glandular, red, mostly persistent
until after the flowers open; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, the
lobes narrow, acuminate, glandular-serrate with small dark red stipitate
glands, glabrous on the outer, pubescent on the inner surface; stamens
10; anthers bright reddish purple; styles 4 or 5, surrounded at base by
tufts of pale hairs. Fruit ripening during the first half of September
and soon falling, on slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping clusters,
obovoid to subglobose, crimson or purplish, marked by numerous small
pale dots, slightly pruinose, ½′—⅝′ long, and about ½′ in diameter;
calyx small, with reflexed and appressed or erect and incurved serrate
lobes dark red on the upper side below the middle, often deciduous from
the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, juicy, acid and edible; nutlets 4 or
5, thin, narrowed and acute at the ends, rounded and slightly grooved or
obscurely ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk 4′—6′ in diameter and often 6°
long, covered with dark gray or nearly black bark separating into thin
plate-like scales, numerous branches forming a round-topped head, and
slender glabrous branchlets dark yellow-green when they first appear,
becoming dark reddish brown at the end of their first season,
olive-green in their second year, and ultimately dark gray-brown, and
armed with small straight light red-brown shining spines ½′—¾′ long.
Distribution. Woods and river banks in dry clay soil; northeastern
Illinois; common.
63. Cratægus pentandra Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 415]
Leaves oval or ovate, acuminate, broadly cuneate or rarely rounded at
the entire base, divided above the middle into numerous short acute or
acuminate lobes, and coarsely and often doubly serrate with straight or
incurved teeth tipped with small dark glands, nearly fully grown and
very thin when the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity
membranaceous, dark green and roughened above by short rigid pale hairs,
pale and glabrous below, 2′—2½′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide, with a slender
yellow midrib, and thin primary veins extending to the point of the
lobes; petioles slender, often winged toward the apex, glandular with
minute dark glands, usually about 1′ in length; leaves at the end of
vigorous shoots more deeply lobed, and often 4′ long and 3′ wide.
Flowers ⅝′—¾′ in diameter, on long slender pedicels, in compact
few-flowered glabrous corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous,
dark red, the lobes linear-lanceolate, entire or finely
glandular-serrate; stamens usually 5, occasionally 6—10; anthers large,
dark red-purple; styles 3, surrounded at base by a thin ring of hoary
tomentum. Fruit ripening about the middle of September and soon falling,
on stout pedicels, in drooping narrow clusters, short-oblong, full and
rounded at the ends, dark crimson, lustrous, marked by minute pale dots,
usually about ⅝′ long and ½′ in diameter; calyx enlarged and persistent,
the lobes elongated, strongly incurved, often deciduous before the fruit
ripens; flesh thick, dry and mealy; nutlets 3, narrowed and acute at the
ends, prominently ridged on the back with a high broad ridge, ⅓′ long.
A tree, rarely more than 15° high, with a straight trunk 5′—6′ in
diameter, covered with thin bark separating into papery lustrous pale
scales, stout branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender
glabrous branchlets bright chestnut-brown during their first season,
becoming ashy gray the following year, and armed with many thick
straight or curved bright chestnut-brown or red-brown spines 1′—1½′
long.
Distribution. Low hills and limestone ridges; western and southern
Vermont; southern Connecticut (rocky shore of Alewive Creek, Waterford,
New London County), and eastern and central New York (Whitesboro, Oneida
County).
64. Cratægus lucorum Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 416]
Leaves broad-ovate to obovate or rarely oval, broad-cuneate or rounded
at the entire base, coarsely serrate above with straight teeth tipped
with large persistent bright red glands, and deeply divided above the
middle into 3 or 4 pairs of wide acute or acuminate lobes, rather more
than a third grown when the flowers open early in May and then light
yellow-bronze color, covered on the upper surface with short soft pale
hairs and glabrous on the lower surface, and at maturity membranaceous,
smooth, dark dull green and glabrous above, pale yellow-green below,
about 2′ long and 1¼′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and 3 or 4
pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the
lobes; petioles slender, glandular, often somewhat winged toward the
apex, 1′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually
ovate and rounded at the broad base, more deeply lobed, and sometimes 3′
long and broad. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on thin pedicels, in narrow
compact few-flowered small villose corymbs; calyx broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes narrow, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate,
villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers small, dark purple;
styles 4 or 5. Fruit ripening about the middle of September and soon
falling, on short stout pedicels, in erect few-fruited slightly villose
clusters, obovoid until nearly fully grown and then short-oblong or
somewhat obovoid, full and rounded at the ends, crimson, lustrous,
marked by small pale dots, ½′—⅝′ long; calyx enlarged, the lobes
elongated, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose above, closely appressed,
often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, yellow, dry and
mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, rounded, and sometimes obscurely ridged on
the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall straight trunk 6′—8′ in diameter,
covered with close dark red-brown bark, slender ascending branches
forming a narrow open head, and thin branchlets dark green and somewhat
villose when they first appear, becoming dull orange-brown in their
first summer and ultimately dark gray-brown, and armed with straight or
slightly curved bright red-brown lustrous spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Rich moist soil along the margins of Oak-groves on the
banks of sloughs; Barrington, Cook County, Illinois; near Ithaca,
Thompkins County, New York.
65. Cratægus lacera Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 417]
Leaves rhombic to broad-ovate or rarely obovate, acute at apex, broadly
cuneate and entire at base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, and divided above the middle into numerous
acute lobes, when they unfold coated below with thick hoary tomentum and
villose above, nearly fully grown when the flowers open about the 20th
of April and then glabrous on the lower surface and covered on the upper
surface with short scattered pale hairs, and at maturity glabrous, light
yellow-green, paler below than above, thin, about 1½′ long and 1¼′ wide,
with a slender yellow midrib and few remote primary veins; petioles
slender, villose, becoming glabrous or puberulous, slightly winged at
the apex, often red toward the base, ¼′—⅓′ in length; leaves at the end
of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, often deeply 3-lobed, coarsely serrate,
3′—4′ long and broad. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender villose
pedicels, in sparingly villose few-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly
obconic, glabrous, the lobes linear-lanceolate, elongated, coarsely
glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner
surface; stamens 20; anthers small, rose color; styles 4 or 5. Fruit
ripening toward the end of October, on short stout glabrous pedicels, in
erect few-fruited clusters, ellipsoidal, rounded at the ends, bright
cherry-red, lustrous, marked by occasional large dark dots, about ½′
long; calyx only slightly enlarged, with small nearly triangular villose
spreading lobes mostly deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick,
orange color; nutlets 3—5, thin, narrowed at the ends, only slightly
ridged on the rounded back, 5/16′ long.
A slender tree, 25°—30° high, with a tall trunk 4′—5′ in diameter,
covered with pale scaly bark, small short branches forming a narrow
head, and slender branchlets dark olive-green and villose when they
first appear, becoming light red-brown and glabrous during their first
summer, and ultimately dull light gray, and armed with thin straight
bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines ¾′—1¾′ long.
Distribution. Low rich forest-glades near Fulton, Hempstead County,
Arkansas.
66. Cratægus depilis Sarg.
[Illustration: Fig. 418]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or broad-cuneate and often
unsymmetrical at the entire base, sharply doubly serrate above with
straight glandular teeth, and often divided into 4 or 5 pairs of short
acute lobes, when they unfold deeply tinged with red and covered above
with fine short caducous hairs, nearly half grown when the flowers open
during the second week of May, and at maturity membranaceous, glabrous,
smooth, yellowish to bluish green on the upper surface, pale on the
lower surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1¼′ wide, with a slender midrib and 5
or 6 pairs of thin primary veins; turning yellowish and brown or russet
color in the autumn; petioles slender, glabrous, sparingly glandular
with minute glands, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous
shoots often 2½′ long and 1½′ wide. Flowers ¾′ in diameter, on slender
pedicels, in broad glabrous 8—12-flowered corymbs, with linear or oblong
glandular bracts and bractlets; calyx narrowly obconic, glabrous, the
lobes lanceolate, glandular-serrate, deeply tinged with purple; stamens
20; anthers pale rose color; styles 4 or 5. Fruit ripening early in
September and soon falling, on slender pedicels, in drooping few-fruited
clusters, subglobose to broad-obovoid, dark red to reddish purple,
lustrous, ½′—¾′ long, and ⅜′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx only slightly
enlarged, the lobes reflexed, glandular-serrate, and red on the upper
side toward the base; flesh thick, yellow, sweet, juicy and slightly
acid; nutlets 4 or 5, full and rounded at apex, narrowed and acute at
base, and prominently but irregularly ridged on the back with a high
sometimes grooved ridge, ¼′—5/16′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a trunk 4′—8′ in diameter and 6°—9° long,
covered with dark gray or gray-brown flaky bark, spreading branches
forming an oblong or rounded open head, and slender glabrous branchlets
bright red-brown and very lustrous during their first summer, becoming
light gray-brown the following year, and armed with stout or slender
nearly straight spines ¾′—1½′ long.
Distribution. Rich clay or gravelly soil in pastures and on the borders
of woods; northeastern Illinois (Lake, Cook and Mill Counties).
67. Cratægus basilica Beadl.
[Illustration: Fig. 419]
Leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, broad-cuneate or rounded at the entire
or crenate base, sharply and often doubly serrate above with straight
slender glandular teeth, and divided into numerous short acute lateral
lobes, more than half grown when the flowers open early in May and then
roughened above by short pale hairs and glabrous below, and at maturity
thin but firm in texture, bright green and scabrate above, paler below,
2½′—3′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide, with a slender yellow midrib, and thin
veins arching to the point of the lobes; turning yellow and brown in the
autumn; petioles slender, slightly winged at apex, 1′—1½′ in length.
Flowers ½′—⅝′ in diameter, on elongated slender pedicels, in
5—15-flowered glabrous compact corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic,
glabrous, the lobes slender, acuminate, glabrous, entire or occasionally
serrate; stamens 15—20; anthers dark rose color; styles 3—5. Fruit
ripening and falling early in September, on slender pedicels, in
few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose, scarlet, covered with a
glaucous bloom, ½′—⅝′ in diameter; flesh soft, sweet, and edible;
nutlets 3—5, narrowed and acute at the ends, prominently ridged on the
back with a high broadly grooved ridge, ¼′—5/16′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a trunk 7′—8′ in diameter, covered with
dark gray or brown scaly bark, ascending or slightly spreading branches
forming a narrow irregular head, and stout glabrous branchlets dark
chestnut-brown in their first season becoming dark gray, and armed with
numerous slender bright chestnut-brown lustrous ultimately gray spines
2′—2½′ long.
Distribution. Open woods and the borders of fields and roads, western
North Carolina, usually at altitudes of 2000°—3000° above the sea.
VIII. MOLLES.
CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES.