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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
TO
_Rangifer arcticus arcticus_
These references are arranged chronologically, year by year; but within
a given year, the arrangement for the most part is alphabetical by
authors. The full citations of the publications (here designated merely
by author and year) may be found in the preceding "Literature Cited."
The name or names at the beginning of each entry are those by which the
animal is referred to in that particular publication. If the author
supplies a technical name (such as _Rangifer arcticus_), that name alone
is furnished here. The authority for the technical name is included or
omitted according to the usage of each author. If he omits a technical
name, the common name or names he employs (such as "Caribou" or
"Reindeer") are supplied.
In some of the earlier accounts, particularly, more than one form of
_Rangifer_ (_e.g._, Peary's Caribou, the Labrador Caribou, or even the
Woodland Caribou, in addition to the typical Barren Ground Caribou) may
have been treated under a single designation, such as "Reindeer" or
"_Cervus tarandus_." In such case the word "part" is added in
parentheses after the name at the beginning of the entry. As far as
is possible or feasible, the references are here limited to _R. a.
arcticus_. They constitute a partial summary of the nomenclatural
history of the typical subspecies.
The annotations aim to provide a sort of abstract of, or unalphabetized
index to, the treatment of this animal in each publication. Each topic
or rubric of the annotations (such as migration, distribution, food,
voice, antlers, or relation to Wolves) is accompanied by page
references.
In the earlier part of the present publication, at the end of the
discussion of each topic, references are given (merely by author, year,
and page) to previous literature on the same topic. The Annotated
Bibliographical References now supplied represent an amplification of
those earlier and briefer references--an intermediate stage between
them and the original literature. It is hoped that they will prove
particularly helpful to those who may not have ready access to all the
items of the original literature. My own coverage of the literature has
not been by any means exhaustive; limitations of time and insufficient
accessibility of some of the rarer publications have been the principal
factors involved in this deficiency.
The chronological arrangement of the entries throws an interesting light
on the gradual acquisition, during more than two centuries, of our
present stock of information on the distribution, taxonomic characters,
life habits, and general status of _Rangifer arcticus arcticus_. It may
be remarked, however, that one of the very earliest accounts (Hearne,
1795) was one of the fullest. It contributes toward bringing into focus
the remarkable attainments of that pioneer explorer-naturalist of the
Barren Grounds.
"Deer" (one of three kinds): Isham, 1949 (1743): 151
(description); 152 (inhabit Barren Grounds); 152-153 (snares);
154 (Eskimos hunting with spears and arrows).
"Rain-deer" or "Cariboux": Dobbs, 1774: 9, 78, 94 (Marble
Island); 19 (Indians living on Caribou W. of Hudson Bay); 20
(herds of up to 10,000 between Churchill and Nelson rivers); 22
(migration [of Barren Ground or Woodland species?] near York
Factory--S. in March-April, N. in July-August); 47, 59 (N. of
Churchill); 73-74 (Wager Inlet); 80 (Cape Fullerton).
"Deer": Hearne, 1795: 4, 7, 8, 14, 24 (vicinity of Seal River or
Shethanei Lake); 28 (near Baralzon Lake); 35 (spearing by
Chipewyans on upper Kazan River); 39, 40 (W. of upper Kazan
River, July 22-30); 40-42, 50-52 (vicinity of upper Dubawnt
River); 50 (skins suitable for clothing in late August); 56, 66
(vicinity of Egg River, Manitoba, November and December); 67-68
(E. of Nueltin Lake); 69, 72, (Nueltin Lake); 69 (flesh of bucks
still unpalatable on December 30); 73, 74 (W. of Nueltin Lake,
January); 76 (plentiful W. of Kasba Lake); 77 (Snowbird Lake);
78 (Indians living all winter on deer at Wholdaia Lake); 78-80
(description of a pound); 80-84 (deer in Indian economy); 84
(remoteness a barrier to trade in skins); 85-87 (W. of Wholdaia
Lake, plentiful, March); 87 ("Thelewey-aza-yeth" Lake [on Thelon
River], numerous, April); 96 (Indians living all winter on deer
near Clowey Lake); 112, 114 ("Peshew" [Artillery?] Lake and
vicinity); 117 (plentiful, vicinity of Thoy-noy-kyed and
Thoy-coy-lyned lakes); 119, 123 (N. of Cogead Lake, where
Indians kill deer at a river crossing); 139 (N. of Buffalo
Lake); 141 (E. of Coppermine River); 142, 143, 147, 171
(Coppermine River and vicinity); 184 (Stony Mountains); 195
(Thaye-chuck-gyed Lake [Lac de Gras?]; great numbers killed);
196-197 (use for clothing, boots, tents, etc.); 197 (warbles
eaten by Indians); 198 (rutting season in October; subsequent
segregation of sexes); 198-199 (old bucks' antlers shed in
November; young bucks still retain theirs at Christmas, and does
till summer); 201, 204 (Point Lake); 222 (between Great Slave
and MacKay lakes); 275 (large numbers reported on upper Taltson?
River); 281 (W. of Hill Island Lake); 285, 286 (plentiful in
April on Thee-lee-aza [Thelon?] River, NE. of Hill Island Lake);
293 (near Wholdaia Lake); 295, 296 (W. and E. of Kazan River);
297 (method of drying meat); 299 (plentiful in June, Nueltin
Lake region); 300 (vicinity of Egg River, Manitoba); 316-319
(stomach contents, unborn young and uterus eaten by Indians);
321-322 (Indians driving deer between converging rows of
sticks); 322-323 (tents of deerskin); 323-325 (skins used in
manufacture of sledges, snowshoes, and clothing).
"Rein-deer": Parry, 1821: 273 (E. coast of Baffin Island).
"Reindeer" or "deer": Franklin, 1823: 215-227, 285 (Yellowknife
River region); 230-232, 239-240, 245, 248, 268-271, 285, 297,
299, 309, 315-320, 438-440, 459-462, 480-488 (Winter Lake
region); 233, 324-325, 418-426, 446-447 (Point Lake region); 240
(back fat; rutting season); 240-241 (antler and pelage change);
241 (larvae of warble and nostril flies); 241-242 (migration);
242 (fawning; food; weight; predation by wolves); 243-244
(Indian hunting methods); 327, 328, 333, 337, 344 (Coppermine
River region); 327 (pursuit by a wolf); 344 (driven by wolves
over a precipice); 363-374 (coast of Coronation Gulf); 379-395
(Bathurst Inlet region); 397-400 (Hood River region); 404-413
(Contwoyto Lake region); 478 (Marten Lake); 486, 487 (pursuit
and killing by wolves, Winter Lake region).
_Cervus Tarandas_. . .: Sabine, in Franklin, 1823: 665, 667
(Barren Grounds, migrating in summer to Arctic islands).