PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
Mr. James Knox Polk, and Mr. George Mifflin Dallas, had been
nominated, as shown, for President and Vice-President by the
democratic convention: Mr. Calhoun had declined to suffer his
name to go before that election for reasons which he published,
and an attempt to get up a separate convention for him, entirely
failed: Mr. Tyler, who had a separate convention, and received its
unanimous nomination, and thankfully accepted it, soon withdrew,
and without having had a vice-presidential candidate on his ticket.
On the whig side, Mr. Clay and Mr. Theodore Frelinghuysen were the
candidates, and the canvass was conducted without those appeals to
"hard cider, log-cabins, and coon-skins" which had been so freely
used by the whig party during the last canvass, and which were so
little complimentary to the popular intelligence. The democratic
candidates were elected--and by a large electoral vote--170 to
105. The States which voted the democratic ticket, were: Maine,
New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama,
Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan. Those which voted the opposite ticket,
were: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey,
Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio. The
popular vote was, for the democratic candidate, 1,536,196: for
the opposite ticket, 1,297,912. This was a large increase upon
the popular vote of 1840--large as that vote was, and Mr. Clay,
though defeated, receiving 22,000 votes more than General Harrison
did--affording good evidence that he would have been elected if
he had been the candidate at that time. The issue in the election
was mainly the party one of whig and democrat, modified by the
tariff and Texas questions--Mr. Clay being considered the best
representative of the former interest, Mr. Polk of the latter.
The difference in the electoral vote was large--65: in the popular
vote, not so considerable: and in some of the States (and in enough
of them to have reversed the issue), the difference in favor of
Mr. Polk quite small, and dependent upon causes independent of
himself and his cause. Of these it is sufficient to mention New
York. There the popular vote was about five hundred thousand: the
difference in favor of Mr. Polk, about five thousand: and that
difference was solely owing to the association of Mr. Silas Wright,
with the canvass. Refusing the nomination for the vice-presidency,
and seeing a person nominated for the presidency by a long intrigue
at the expense of his friend, Mr. Van Buren, he suffered himself
to be persuaded to quit the Senate, which he liked, to become the
democratic candidate for governor of New York--a place to which he
was absolutely averse. The two canvasses went on together, and were
in fact one; and the name and popularity of Mr. Wright brought to
the presidential ticket more than enough votes to make the majority
that gave the electoral vote of the State to Mr. Polk, but without
being able to bring it up to his own vote for governor; which was
still five thousand more. It was a great sacrifice of feeling and
of wishes on his part to quit the Senate to stand this election--a
sacrifice purely for the good of the cause, and which became a
sacrifice, in a more material sense for himself and his friends. The
electoral vote of New York was 36, which, going all together, and
being taken from one side and added to the other, would have made a
difference of 72--being seven more than enough to have elected Mr.
Clay. Mr. Polk was also aided by the withdrawal of Mr. Tyler, and
by receiving the South Carolina vote; both of which contingencies
depended upon causes independent of his cause, and of his own
merits: but of this in another place. I write to show how things
were done, more than what was done; and to save, if possible, the
working of the government in the hands of the people whose interests
and safety depend upon its purity, not upon its corruptions.