seventeenth century, who died in 1662.
Page 53.
12. _habit_. State, condition.
17. But the Spectator's hunting has only consisted of watching the chase
from a rising ground!
24. _Epistle to John Dryden_, 73-4, 88-95.
SPECTATOR 117.
Page 54.
4. _neuter_. Neutral, Cf. Shakespeare, _Richard II_., II. iii.
159, 'Be it known to you I do remain as neuter.'
_engaging_. Pledging. Cf. Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_,
III. ii. 264:
I have engaged myself to a dear friend.
6. _determination_. Decision. Cf. Shakespeare, _Measure for
Measure_, III. ii. 258, 'He humbles himself to the determination of
justice.'
15. _particular_. Individual. Cf. Shakespeare, _All's Well that
Ends Well_, I. i. 97:
That I should love a bright particular star.
Page 65.
7. _applied herself_. Cf. Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_,
v. 2. 126:
If you apply yourself to our intents,
where the word is used in a somewhat different sense. It is now used
reflexively only in the sense of applying oneself to the performance of
an action.
8. _Otway_, the poet and playwright, died in 1685. The quotation is
from his play of _The Orphan_, II. i. The first line should run:
Through a close lane....
36. _palmed_. Foisted, falsely attributed.
Page 60.
16. _tabby_. Brindled or sometimes female, as opposed to tom-cat.
The meaning is derived from the word _tabby_, a name for watered
silk.
28. _a bounty_. The concrete sense of this word has been lost.
33. _trying experiments with her_. Testing her by ordeal.
Page 57.
1. Sir Roger's doubtfulness on the subject of witchcraft was not
exceptional. In 1664 Sir Thomas Browne had assisted in the condemnation
of a witch. In 1711 there were two executions for witchcraft, and in
1712 Jane Wenham was sentenced, but afterwards pardoned. In 1716 there
were again two executions, and although the Act was repealed in 1736,
an old woman was done to death by the mob as late as 1751.
3. _bound her over to_. sc. appear at.
14. _commerce and familiarities_ with the devil or evil spirits.
SPECTATOR 118.
Page 68.
9. _of all others_. A classic construction. For a similar inaccurate
phrase cf. Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 324, 'The fairest of her
daughters Eve.' The phrase occurs also on p. 41, 1. 33.
24. _salute_. Kiss. Cf. Shakespeare, _As You Like It_, III.
ii. 50,
You salute not at the court, but you kiss your hands.
33. _set a mark upon_, in order to know and to shun them.
35. _pleasant_. Amusing, ridiculous. Cf. Shakespeare, _Taming of
the Shrew,_ Induction, ii. 132, 'Play a pleasant comedy.'
Page 59.
13. _conduct_. Guidance. Cf. Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV.,_ V. ii.
36: Led by the impartial conduct of my soul.
19. _is addressed to_. Has addresses paid to her.
_presented_. Given presents. The verb is not now used without the
indirect completion, 'to be presented with a thing.'
26. _personated_. Affected, feigned. Cf. _Spectator_ 555, 'A
personated character.'
Page 60.
24. _honest_. Honourable. Cf. Shakespeare, _Othello,_ III. iii.
225: I do not think but Desdemona's honest.
Page 61.
23. _reads upon_. Reads on the subject of.
26. _policies_. Arrangements, economy, administration.
SPECTATOR 119
Page 62.
7. _manners_. Customs, habits. Cf. Shakespeare, _Comedy of
Errors_, I. ii. 12, 'I'll view the manners of the town.'
12. _article_. Particular. Cf. Shakespeare, _Othello,_ III.
iii. 22:
I'll perform it
To the last article.
Now concrete in sense: a material object.
23. _Conversation_. v. note on p. 23, 1. 16.
30. _modish._ Fashionable. Sc p. 64, 1. 2, 'Men of mode,' and p.
63, 1, 3, 'People of mode.'
Page 64.
31. _the country are_. Properly _is_.
Page 65.
3. _upon the western circuit_. As judge.
SPECTATOR 120.
Page 65.
29. _demonstrative._ Conclusive. Cf. Shakespeare, _Henry V._,
II. iv. 89: In every branch truly demonstrative.
Page 66.
11. _the leaving a posterity_. Mixed construction. _Leaving_
should be used either as a gerund, _leaving a posterity,_ or as a
verbal noun, _the leaving of a posterity._
14. _nicer_. More delicate.
17. _birth_. That which they bear, their offspring. Cf. Shakespeare,
_Othello_, I. iii. 410:
Hell and night
Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light.
30. _temper_. Temperature.
Page 67.
34. _which_. sc. a circumstance which.
Page 68.
1. _as it spreads_. To the degree in which it spreads.
16. _Take a brute out of his instinct_. Consider an animal in matters
outside the range of his instinct.
Page 69.
18. _do not carry an immediate regard to_. Have no immediate bearing
on.
SPECTATOR 121.
Page 70.
7. _stepmother_. Properly foster-mother.
17. _A modern philosopher_. M. Bernard, who quotes the Latin saw,
is himself quoted by Bayle in a long discussion appended to the articles
on _Pereira_ and _Rosarius_ in his Historical Dictionary, a
translation of which was printed in 1710. Jacob Tonson, the publisher,
declares that the Dictionary was Addison's constant companion.
26. _Dampier_, the great navigator, printed in 1691 a book entitled
_A New Voyage round the World_.
Page 72.
4. _Mr. Locke_. v. note on p. 28, 1. 25. The reference is to ii. 9,
13.
19. _Dr. More_ was one of the original members of the Royal Society.
He died in 1687.
_Cardan_ or Cardano, was an Italian philosopher of the sixteenth
century. The citation is from _De Rerum Subtilitate_, x.
Page 73.
13. _Mr. Boyle_. A famous natural philosopher, and member of the
Royal Society, who died in 1691. The citation is from _A Disquisition
about the Final Causes of Natural Things_.
18. _one humour_. The typical eye of the higher animals consists of
a lens and two humours or fluids, known as the aqueous and the vitreous.
33. _our Royal Society_. Founded in 1662.
Page 74.
2. _original_. Origin. Cf. Shakespeare, _2 Henry IV_, I. ii. 131,
'It hath its original from much grief.'
3. _policies_. v. note on p. 61, 1. 26.
14. _Howling Wilderness and Great Deep_. Deuteronomy, xxxii. 10,
'He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness.'
Psalm li. 10, 'The waters of the great deep.'
25. _Tully_. v. note on p. 7, 1. 29.
29. _nice_. Accurate, precise. Cf. Shakespeare, _Much Ado about
Nothing_, v. i. 75:
Despite his nice fence and his active practice.
SPECTATOR 122.
Page 75.
8. _approbations_. Not now used in the plural.
21. _assizes_, v. note on p. 36, 1. 22.
23. _rid_. v. note on p. 24, 1. 17.
28. _the game-act_, v. note on p. 7, 1. 12.
Page 76.
3. _shoots flying_. This accomplishment was just coming into fashion,
and was not yet common.
4. _the petty-jury_, which actually gives a verdict on cases tried.
The _grand jury_ decides whether cases shall be sent up for trial.
8. _quarter-sessions_, v. note on p. 7, 1. 10.
14. _cast and been cast_. To defeat or be defeated or condemned in
a trial or law-suit. Cf. Milton, _Eikonoklastes_, 'The Commons by
far the greatest number cast him.'
34. _was sat_. Was seated.
Page 77.
2. _for_. For the sake of, in order to enhance.
Page 78.
11. _be at the charge_. Bear the expense.
29. _conjuring_. Urging. Cf. Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_,
iv. iii. 68:
I conjure you to leave me and be gone.
SPECTATOR 123.
Page 80.
8. _a novel_ at this time meant a short fictitious tale, generally
of love.
9. _Eudoxus and Leontine_. This charming story is reminiscent of
Shakespeare's _Winter's Tale_. Leontine, the friend who has a
daughter, may well trace his descent from Leontes, King of Sicilia.
Eudoxus must stand for Polixenes, King of Bohemia, since his son Florio
is certainly the shadow of Prince Florizel. The plot hinges on the fact
that both of the children, like the daughter of Leontine's prototype,
grow up in ignorance of their parentage, and in both cases there is an
apparent inequality of fortune between the lovers.
In a letter of the same date addressed to Mr. Wortley, Addison writes:
'When you have a son I shall be glad to be his Leontine, as my
circumstances will probably be like his.' He had just sustained heavy
losses.
32. _turned of_. We should now say _turned_.
33. Cowley, Essay X, 'But there is no fooling with life when it is once
turned beyond forty.'
Page 81.
1. _In order to this_. In order to accomplish this.
Page 82.
1. _dictated_. Dictated to, counselled. Not now used transitively
of persons.
Page 83.
26. _relish_, v. note on p. 44, 1. 7.
30. _discoveries_, v. note on p. 5, 1. 12.
SPECTATOR 125.
Page 84.
19. _St. Anne's Lane_. Turning out of Aldersgate Street.
24. _prickeared_. A contemptuous term applied to Roundheads, in
allusion to the effect produced by the shortness of their hair, and
borrowed from its ordinary use as applied to mongrel dogs.
Page 85.
7. _prejudice of the land-tax_. The land-tax was first levied in
1699 to pay for the French War. It was carried by Whig feeling in
opposition to the Tory landholders.
_the destruction of the game_, which would proceed while the country
gentlemen were occupied with their party differences.
19. _sinks_. Used transitively, _lowers, diminishes_. Cf.
Shakespeare, _Henry VIII_., iii. ii. 383, 'A load would sink a
navy.'
28. _Plutarch_, the great Greek moralist and biographer of the
first century of our era. The quotation is from _De Inimicorum
Utilitate_.
Page 86.
2. _that great rule_. St. Luke, vi. 27, 'Love your enemies, do good
to them which hate you.'
10. _the regard of_. A regard for.
19. _an object seen in two different mediums_. For instance, a
straight stick partly immersed in water appears as if bent at the point
at which it enters the water. The rays of light reflected from the
position under water, by which we see that portion, are bent when they
leave the water and enter the air in such a way as to make that part of
the stick appear nearer to our eye than it would appear in air.
Page 87.
4. _postulatums_. The word has now become Anglicized in a different
form, _postulate_, plural _postulates_.
15. _Guelfes and Gibellines_. The opposing political parties in
Germany and Italy from the twelfth to the fifteenth century. In Italy
they were the adherents of the Pope and the Emperor respectively.
16. _the League_. The Holy League, formed in 1576, in the Roman
Catholic interest.
17. _unhappy_. Unfortunate. Cf. Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_,
IV. iv. 126, 'O most unhappy day!'
SPECTATOR 126.
Page 89.
7. _such persons, that_. Mixed construction: _all persons that_
or _such persons as_. Frequent in Shakespeare; cf. _Measure for
Measure_, II. ii. 147:
Such things
That want no ear but yours.
16. _retainers_. Followers, adherents.
28. _Diodorus Siculus_, a Greek historian of the last century B.C.
The citation is from his universal history, a work in forty books, i.
35. 7.
30. _Ichneumon_. An animal belonging to the same family as the
civets. The Egyptian ichneumon, known also as Pharaoh's cat, was held
sacred among the ancient Egyptians because of its propensity for
destroying crocodiles' eggs, but unfortunately for Addison's
illustration, it is now proved that the degenerate ichneumon does
actually 'find his account' in feeding upon the eggs which he breaks,
whether they be those of crocodiles or merely of the barn-door fowl.
34. _finds his account_. Receives any recompense or advantage.
Page 90.
8. _the wild Tartars_. The Tartars are a race of Russians, of Turkish
and Mongolian origin. Some of them adhere to the religion of the Greek
church, some are Moslems, and some Shamanites. The reference is probably
to some Shaman belief, for magic and the spirits of the dead play a very
large part in this religion.
12. _of course_. In due course, in consequence. Cf. Shakespeare,
_Measure for Measure_, III. i. 259, 'This being granted in course,
now follows all.'
27. _cock-match_. Match between fighting-cocks.
_humour_, v. note on p. 22, 1. 26.
30. _quarter-sessions_, v. note on p. 7, 1. 10.
34. _the landed and ... the monied interest_. The land-owner would
naturally be a Tory, and the merchant a Whig.
Page 91.
6. _interest_. Political position, by virtue of which he was returned
for his county.
11. _such an one_. v. note on p. 26, 1. 30. Here, the Tory candidate
for the district.
19. _take up with_. Put up with.
30. _a very fair bettor_. Quite a good bettor or better.
32. _disagreeable_. Unpleasing, unpopular.
34. _correspondence_. v. note on p. 20, 1. 35.
Page 92.
10. _fanatick_. A madman. Will Wimble suspects the Spectator of
unsoundness in politics, that is, of not being of the Tory persuasion.
SPECTATOR 127.
Page 92.
24. _the post_ would have reached Sir Roger in Worcester twice a week,
on Thursdays and Saturdays (Report for 1809.)
25. _Dyer's letter_. Dyer's _News Letter_ was published three
times a week. It dealt more in domestic news than did the regular
newspapers, such as _The Postman_, and was sometimes driven to fill
up space by relating fictitious events. Cf. _Tatler_ 18, in which
Steele and Addison declare that Dyer is famous for whales in the Thames!
29. _under the quality of_. In the office of. Cf. Shakespeare,
_Henry V_., III. vi. 146, 'What is thy name? I know thy quality.'
Page 93.
2. _ordinary_. Used as an adverb.
5. _expence_. Now expense, v. note on _chace_, p. 46, 1. 22.
13. _You praised them_. v. _Spectator_ 98, On Ladies'
Headdresses.
14. _the humour_. The fluid which causes the disease.
30. _Sir George Etherege_. v. note on p. 6, 1. 22. His first
comedy, 1664, was entitled _The Comical Revenge, or Love in a Tub_.
The reference is to IV. vi.
Page 94.
2. _the farthingale_ was a framework for extending the skirt of a
woman's dress. It was introduced in 1545, and finally assumed a perfectly
cylindrical shape.
_the ruin of the Spanish monarchy_. The defeat and dispersal of the
Armada in 1558.
5. _the tail of a blazing star_. Comets have always been held to
foretell disaster.
11. _into meetings and conventicles_. That is, to Dissent.
12. _trunk-breeches_. Very full, short breeches, reaching to the
knee or half-way down the thigh.
16. _it is recorded of Alexander the Great_ in Plutarch's _Lives
of the Noble Grecians and Romans_. 'He first contrived many vain and
sophistical things to serve the purposes of fame; among which were arms
much bigger than his men could use ... left scattered up and down.' This
report is probably baseless, as it is opposed to the magnanimity of
Alexander's character.
28. _Rotunda_. A building of circular shape both outside and
inside, such as the Pantheon in Rome.
31. _a little black monkey enshrined_. Each Egyptian village had
its sacred animal or fetish.
Page 95.
8. _the sensitive plant_. _Mimosa pudica_, whose leaflets fold
together at a touch.
SPECTATOR 128.
Page 96.
9. _from thence_. A redundant expression. _Thence_ is in itself
equivalent to _from there_. Cf. Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_,
IV. iv. 79, 'Did not I in rage depart from thence?'
Page 97.
4. _carries it_. Succeeds. Cf. Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_,
II. iii. 228, 'Shall pride carry it?'
Page 98.
3. _the younger Faustina_, the profligate wife of Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus.
25. _your_ was frequently used instead of _the_ in naming an
object as typical of its class, especially when the speech carries any
flavour of pleasantry. Cf. Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_, IV.
ii. 46, 'Every true man's apparel fits your thief.'
Page 99.
1. _Aristus_. aristos, best.
_Aspasia_. The mistress of Pericles, and the inspiration of his
greatness.
SPECTATOR 129.
Page 99.
17. _periwig_. v. note on p. 8, 1. 8.
Page 100.
1. _habits_, v. note on p. 10, 1. 20.
5. _the mode_. v. note on p. 62, 1. 30.
12. _engage_. Undertake.
23. _circuit_. v. note on p. 65, 1. 3.
28. _Stains_, now spelt _Staines_, in Middlesex, ten miles
from London.
29. _commode_. A wire erection to raise the front of the hair and
the cap. First worn by Mlle. Fontange, at the court of Louis XIV. In
_Spectator_ 98, Addison notes that head-dresses have diminished in
height.
33. _the Ramilie cock._ A particular way of folding back the flaps
of a cocked hat invented after Marlborough's victory at Ramillies, 1706.
Page 101.
10. _a Friezland hen._ Probably _frizzled hen_ (_Gallus
crispus_) whose feathers stand outward from the body, giving it a much
beruffled aspect.
15. _retrenching_. Cutting back, diminishing. Cf. Milton, _Paradise
Regained_, i. 454:
But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched.
18. _franked by a parliament-man_. Members of Parliament were
privileged to send and receive postal matter free of charge. The custom
began in 1660, and was regulated by law in 1764. Until 1837 the member
had simply to write his name on the corner of the envelope, and often
presented his friends with parcels of franked envelopes. The privilege
was abolished in 1840.
22. _next_. Most recent, last. Obsolete in this sense. Cf.
Shakespeare, _Henry VIII_., I. i. 17, 'Each following day became
the next day's master.'
26. _in buckle_. In curl.
Page 102.
4. _astonishments_. The plural form is not now in use.
7. _bob-wig_. A wig with short curls or _bobs_, to imitate
natural curly hair.
18. _Monmouth cock_. Another fashion of cocking the hat, named
after the Duke of Monmouth. v. note on p. 10, 1. 30.
23. _night-cap wig_. A periwig with a short tie and a small round
head.
Page 103.
1. _the Steenkirk_ was a black silk cravat, tied so as to produce
an effect of negligence, in imitation of the victorious French generals,
when a sudden attack summoned them hastily to the field at the battle of
Steinkirk. v. note on _Spectator_ 335.
SPECTATOR 130.
Page 103.
10. _exert the Justice of the Peace_. Exercise the authority of a
justice of the peace.
Page 104.
15. _A Cassandra_. A prophetess. Cassandra, daughter of Priam, King
of Troy, was inspired by Apollo with the divine frenzy.
17. _in a corner_. Secretly. Cf. Acts of the Apostles, xxvi. 26,
'This thing was not done in a corner.'
Page 105.
21. _our monthly accounts about twenty years ago_. From 1681 monthly
publications began to appear, the most notable being _The Gentleman's
Journal_, issued by Peter Mottuex, 1691-4, which proved to be the germ
of our entire magazine literature.
22. _Trekschuyt_. Literally _draw-boat_.
_hackney-boat_. Boat plying for hire.
Page 106.
4. _gave him for_. Gave him up for. Cf. Shakespeare, _The Winter's
Tale_, III. ii. 96:
Your favour
I do give lost.
SPECTATOR 131.
Page 107.
17. _a month's excursion_. In the _Spectator_ for July 2 Addison
writes that he went 'last week' to Sir Roger's country-house.
Page 108.
10. _killed a man_. In a duel. Duelling was still the one way of
repudiating an insult. The crusade against it was on foot, but it died
hard.
11. _visit ... to Moll White_, v. _Spectator_ 117.
13. _cunning_. Learned in magic. Cf. _Spectator_ 505, 'Wizards,
gypsies, and cunning men.'
16. _a White Witch_ is a witch who can do no harm, and who sometimes
performs beneficent actions. Cf. the use of _white_ in such phrases
as _white lie._
21. _harbour a Jesuit_. The last order for the expulsion of the
Jesuits was issued in 1602. Those who harboured them in defiance of this
order were liable to very heavy penalties.
28. _discarded Whig_, as Salmon points out, is an exact description
of Addison at this time.
29. _out of place_. Deprived of his post or office.
31. _disaffected_, to the sovereign.
Page 109.
3. _discovers_, v. note on p. 5, 1. 12.
7. _temper_. Temperament, disposition. Cf. Shakespeare, _Henry
V_., V. ii. 153, 'A fellow of this temper.'
26. _picking of_. As if the gerund, _a-picking of_.
27. _smelling to_. Now _smelling at_.
33. _stories of a cock and a bull_. Now condensed to _cock-and-
bull stories_. Cf. Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, II. 11. iv.
274.
Page 110.
6. _commonwealth's men_. Republicans.
SPECTATOR 132.
Page 110.
23. _chamberlain_. Servant who attends the bedchambers. Cf. Milton,
_On the University Carrier_, 1. 14, 'In the kind office of a
chamberlin.'
25. _Mrs._ was the early abbreviation of _mistress_, which we
have now unhappily abbreviated to _miss_.
Page 111.
8. _half-pike_. A kind of short lance, the weapon of an infantry
officer.
10. _equipage_. Train, following.
12. _cloak-bag_. Portmanteau. Cf. Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_,
III. iv. 172:
'Tis in my cloak-bag-doublet, hat, hose, all.
_in the seat_. Under the actual seat, in the well of the coach.
Page 112.
1. _the brideman_. Now called the _best man_.
8. _the giving her_. The giving of her.
11. Cf. Shakespeare, _Henry V._, IV. iv. 73, 'The saying is true,--
the empty vessel makes the greatest sound.'
19. _countenance_. In its original meaning of bearing, behaviour.
Cf. Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_, i. i. 234:
Puts my apparel and my countenance on.
22. _fleer_. Gibe. Cf. Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_,
V. i. 58, 'Never fleer and jest at me.'
28. _hasped up_. Shut up.
30. _Ephraim_ was a generic name for Quakers, given them because
they refused to fight, v. Psalm lxxviii. 9, 'The children of Ephraim
being armed and carrying bows turned back in the day of battle.'
35. _smoky_. The current slang for shrewd. To _smoke_ a plot
or a trick was to detect it; in modern slang to _smell a rat_.
Page 113.
4. _ruffle_. Disturbance, commotion.
7. _conduct._ Cf. note on p. 59, 1. 13.
11. _taking place_ of other vehicles was an important privilege,
for the road was generally practicable only for one vehicle at a time,
so that the displaced one would have to stop till the road should be
clear again.
25. _inward_. Pious, earnest. Cf. Thomas a Kempis, _De Imitatione
Christi_, II. i. 41, 'a very inward man:' also Penn, _Rise and
Progress of the Quakers_, 1690, 'more religious, inward, still.'
32. _thee and I_. The Friends generally employ _thee_ for
_thou_. So too in p. 114, 1. 2.
Page 114.
3. _affections_. Dispositions, feelings. Cf. Shakespeare, _Measure
for Measure_, II. iv. 168:
By the affection that now guides me most.
SPECTATOR 269.
Page 114.
19. _Gray's Inn Walks_ are said to have been planted by Bacon. They
are situated on the north side of Holborn, and were the regular promenade
of people of fashion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, for the
air blew straight over from Hampstead, unimpeded by the houses which have
since sprung up.
22. _Eugene_, Prince of Savoy, had arrived in London three days
before the date of this paper. He had been Marlborough's colleague in
the War of the Spanish Succession, and he had come over in order to
attempt to repair the overthrow of Marlborough and to prevent the Tory
government from concluding peace with France on ruinous and disgraceful
terms.
27. _Eugenio_ was regularly employed by Prince Eugene as his
signature, in recognition of his Italian family.
28. _Scanderbeg_ was the great Albanian prince and commander of the
fifteenth century, who freed his country from the dominion of Turkey.
Page 115.
15. _made_. Preached, delivered.
16. _Dr. Barrow_, v. p. 15, 1. 12.
18. _thirty merks_. Twenty pounds. A merk or mark was worth
13s 4d. It was not a coin, but only a convenient name, as _guinea_
is now.
21. _fob_. A small pocket, usually intended to hold a watch.
22. _tobacco-stopper_. A small plug for pressing down the tobacco
in the bowl of the pipe.
28. _Tom Touchy_. v. _Spectator_ 122.
31. _Moll White_. v. _Spectator_ 117.
Page 116.
8. _hogs-puddings_. Large sausage-shaped bags stuffed with minced
pork.
18. _for twelve days_, that is, till Twelfth Night, January 6,
which puts an end to the Christmas festivities.
22. _smutting_. A trick, the victim of which is made unconsciously
to blacken his own face. Cf. Goldsmith:
The swain mistrustless of his smutted face
While secret laughter tittered round the place.
27. _the late act of Parliament for securing the Church of England_.
The Act of Occasional Uniformity, 1710, attempted to exclude Dissenters
from political power and office by strengthening the Test Act of 1673.
Dissenters who had once taken the sacrament in order to qualify for civil,
military, or magisterial office, were prohibited under very severe
penalties from appearing afterwards in sectarian places of worship.
28. _securing_. Making safe. Cf. Shakespeare, _Tempest_, II.
i. 310, 'We stood here securing your repose.'
Page 117.