Mortuô[16] Numâ Tullus Hostîlius rêx creâtus est. Hîc nôn
sôlum proximô[17] rêgî dissimilis, sed ferôcior etiam Rômulô[18] fuit.
[[11]]
Eô rêgnante[1] bellum inter Albânôs et Rômânôs exortum[2] est.
Ducibus[3] Hostîliô et Fûfetiô placuit rem[4] paucôrum certâmine[5]
fînîrî. Erant apud Rômânôs trigeminî frâtrês Horâtiî, três apud {5}
Albânôs Cûriâtiî. Cum[6] eîs agunt rêgês ut prô suâ quisque
patriâ dîmicent[7] ferrô. Foedus[8] îctum est eâ[9] lêge, ut, unde[10]
victôria, ibi imperium esset.
Îctô foedere trigeminî arma capiunt et in medium inter duâs
aciês prôcêdunt. Cônsêderant utrimque duo exercitûs. Datur {10}
sîgnum, înfêstîque[11] armîs ternî[12] iuvenês, mâgnôrum[13]
exercituum
animôs gerentês, concurrunt. Ut prîmô concursû increpuêre[14]
arma micantêsque fulsêre[15] gladiî, horror ingêns spectantês[16]
perstringit. Cônsertîs[17] deinde manibus, statim duo Rômânî alius
super alium exspîrantês cecidêrunt[18]; três Albânî vulnerâtî. Ad[19]
câsum Rômânôrum conclâmâvit gaudiô exercitus Albânus. Rômânôs {16}
iam spês tôta dêserêbat. Ûnum Horâtium três Cûriâtiî
circumsteterant.[20] Forte[21] is integer fuit; sed quia tribus impâr
erat, ut distraheret hostês, fugam capessîvit,[22] singulôs[23] per
intervâlla
[[12]]
secûtûrôs esse ratus. Iam aliquantum[1] spatiî ex eô locô, {20}
ubi pûgnâtum est, aufûgerat, cum respiciêns videt ûnum ê Cûriâtiîs
haud procul ab sêsê abesse. In[2] eum mâgnô impetû redit,
et dum Albânus exercitus inclâmat[3] Cûriâtiîs ut opem ferant
frâtrî, iam Horâtius eum occîderat. Alterum[4] deinde, priusquam[5]
tertius posset[5] cônsequî, interfêcit. {25}
Iam singulî[6] supererant,[7] sed nec spê nec vîribus parês.[8]
Alter[9]
erat intâctus ferrô et geminâtâ victôriâ ferôx[10]; alter fessum[11]
vulnere,
fessum cursû trahêbat[12] corpus. Nec illud proelium fuit.
Rômânus exsultâns male sustinentem arma Cûriâtium cônficit,[13]
iacentem[14] spoliat. Rômânî ovantês[15] ac grâtulantês Horâtium {30}
accipiunt et domum[16] dêdûcunt. Prînceps îbat Horâtius, trium frâtrum
spolia prae sê gerêns. Cuî[17] obvia fuit soror, quae dêspônsa
fuerat ûnî ex Cûriâtiîs, vîsôque[18] super umerôs frâtris palûdâmentô
spônsî, quod ipsa cônfêcerat, flêre et crînês[19] solvere coepit.
Movet {34}
ferôcis iuvenis animum complôrâtiô sorôris in tantô gaudiô pûblicô;
itaque strictô[20] gladiô trânsfîgit puellam, simul eam verbîs[21]
increpâns: {36}
"Abî[22] hinc cum immâtûrô amôre ad spônsum, oblîta[23]
[[13]]
frâtrum, oblîta patriae. Sîc eat,[1] quaecumque Rômâna lûgêbit
hostem."
Atrôx id vîsum est facinus[2] patribus[3] plêbîque; quârê raptus {40}
est in iûs[4] Horâtius et apud iûdicês condemnâtus. Iam accesserat
lîctor[5] iniciêbatque[6] laqueum. Tum Horâtius ad populum prôvocâvit.
Intereâ pater Horâtiî senex prôclâmâbat fîliam suam iûre
caesam[7] esse; et iuvenem amplexus[8] spoliaque Cûriâtiôrum
ostentâns, ôrâbat populum nê[9] sê, quem paulô {45}
ante cum êgregiâ stirpe cônspexissent,[10] orbum
lîberîs[11] faceret.[9] Nôn tulit populus patris lacrimâs
iuvenemque[12] absolvit admîrâtiône[13] magis
virtûtis quam iûre[13] causae. Ut tamen caedês
manifêsta expiârêtur, pater quibusdam[14] sacrificiîs {50}
perâctîs trânsmîsit per viam[15] tigillum et fîlium
capite adopertô velut sub iugum[16] mîsit; quod
tigillum _Sorôrium_[17] appellâtum est.
[Illustration: FASCÊS]
Nôn diû pâx[18] Albâna mânsit[19]; nam Mettius {54}
Fûfetius, dux Albânôrum, cum[20] sê invidiôsum apud cîvês vidêret,[20]
[[14]]
quod[1] bellum ûnô[2] paucôrum certâmine fînîsset, ut[3] rem
corrigeret,
Vêientês Fîdênatêsque adversus Rômânôs concitâvit. Ipse,
â Tullô in[4] auxilium arcessîtus, aciem in collem subdûxit, ut
fortûnam
bellî exspectâret et sequerêtur. Quâ[5] rê Tullus intellêctâ {59}
mâgnâ vôce ait[6] suô illud iussû Mettium facere, ut hostês â tergô
circumvenîrentur. Quô audîtô hostês territî et victî sunt. Posterô
diê Mettius cum ad grâtulandum Tullô vênisset, iussû illîus
quadrîgîs[7] religâtus et in[8] dîversa distrâctus[9] est. Deinde
Tullus Albam
propter ducis perfidiam dîruit et Albânôs Rômam trânsîre iussit.[10]
Rôma interim crêvit[11] Albae ruînîs[12]; duplicâtus est cîvium {65}
numerus; môns Caelius urbî additus et, quô[13] frequentius
habitârêtur,[13] eam[14] sêdem Tullus rêgiae cêpit ibique deinde
habitâvit.
Auctârum[15] vîrium fîdûciâ êlâtus[16] bellum Sabînîs indîxit.
Pêstilentia
[[15]]
însecûta[1] est; nûlla tamen ab armîs quiês dabâtur. Crêdêbat
enim rêx bellicôsus[2] salûbriôra mîlitiae[3] quam domî esse {70}
iuvenum[4] corpora, sed ipse quoque[5] diuturnô morbô est implicitus.
Tunc vêrô adeô[6] frâctî[7] simul cum corpore sunt spîritûs[8]
illî ferôcês, ut nûllî reî posthâc nisi sacrîs operam daret. Memorant
Tullum fulmine[9] îctum cum domô cônflagrâsse. Tullus
mâgnâ glôriâ bellî rêgnâvit annôs duôs et trîgintâ. {75}
[Footnotes: IV (pages 10-15)
10.16: #Mortuô Numâ#: abl. abs. = _post Numae mortem_.
10.17: #proximô rêgî#: 'his predecessor.' Join with #dissimilis#,
which has the same constructions as _similis_ (p. 3, n. 12).
_Proximus_ may mean 'nearest (in the past)' = 'last,' or 'nearest
(in the future)' = 'next.' The context must determine the sense.
10.18: abl. of comparison. H 471 (417): M 615: A 247: G 398:
B 217.
11.1: #Eô rêgnante#: 'during his reign.' How does this abl. abs.
differ from those in I, lines 3, 5, 18, 37, and 40? Cf. p. xxii,
K 1.
11.2: _exorior_.
11.3: #Ducibus . . . placuit#: 'the leaders agreed that,' etc. The
subject of #placuit# is the clause #rem . . . fînîrî#.
11.4: The meanings of _rês_ are extremely varied. Here #rem# may
be translated 'dispute,' and so practically = _bellum_ above. For
the mood of _fînîrî_, see p. 6, n. 16.
11.5: The abl. here denotes both the means by which and the manner
in which the quarrel was to be ended.
11.6: #Cum . . . rêgês#: 'the kings urge them.' How literally?
11.7: Cf. p. 1, n. 5.
11.8: Cf. p. 6, n. 21.
11.9: #eâ lêge ut#: 'with the understanding that,' 'with the
proviso (#lêge#) that.' The clause #ut . . . esset# expresses the
purpose which the leaders had in mind in striking the treaty.
11.10: Sc. _fuisset_. #unde# = _quâ ex parte_. We would rather
say, '_on_ which side.' Latin often thus prefers to view an idea
as one of _motion from_ a place where the English views it rather
as that of _rest at_ a point. Why?
11.11: #înfêstî armîs#: 'hostile in (respect of) arms,' i.e. 'with
hostile arms.'
11.12: 'three on each side.' Why do we give this meaning to the
adjective?
11.13: #mâgnôrum . . . gerentês#: 'breathing the spirit of mighty
armies.' So we speak of a person as 'a host in himself.'
11.14: #increpuêre# describes the sound made by the spears as they
struck the shields.
11.15: _fulgeô_.
11.16: = _spectâtôrês_.
11.17: _cônserô_.
11.18: _cadô_.
11.19: #Ad câsum#: we say '_at_ the fall,' but the Latin thinks of
the shout as rising _against_ (i.e. to greet) the fall.
11.20: _circumstô_.
11.21: Cf. p. 5, n. 19.
11.22: #fugam capessîvit#: 'took (to) flight'; cf. 'to take to
one's heels.'
11.23: #singulôs per intervâlla#: 'one by one, at intervals.'
12.1: #aliquantum spatiî#: 'some distance.' #spatiî# is a
partitive genitive; #aliquantum# is an acc. of extent of space:
H 417 (379): M 513: A 257: G 335: B 181.
12.2: #In . . . redit# (_redeô_): 'he turned and made a furious
attack upon him.' How literally?
12.3: #inclâmat . . . ferant#: 'was shouting . . . (bidding them)
to bear aid.' For #inclâmat#, see p. 3, n. 14.
12.4: = _secundum_, as often.
12.5: H 605, II (520, 2): M 880: A 327: G 577: B 292.
12.6: 'one on each side.' Cf. _ternî_, l. 11, and note there.
12.7: _supersum_.
12.8: 'equally matched.'
12.9: #alter . . . alter#: 'the one . . . the other (of the two).'
With #intâctus# cf. _integer_, l. 18.
12.10: 'inspirited, emboldened.'
12.11: The repetition of #fessum# gives emphasis by dwelling upon
the fact.
12.12: 'was dragging,' i.e. instead of moving with life and vigor.
We would rather say, 'could barely drag his body along.' So we
would render #male sustinentem arma#, l. 29, as 'barely able to
endure (the weight of) his armor.'
12.13: = _occidit_.
12.14: 'as he lay prostrate.'
12.15: #ovantês ac grâtulantês#: 'with rejoicing and
congratulations.' Participles, like adjectives, may have adverbial
force.
12.16: accus. of limit of motion; cf. p. 3, n. 4.
12.17: Cf. p. 4, n. 3.
12.18: #vîsô . . . spônsî#: 'when she saw her lover's cloak,' etc.
Cf. p. 1, n. 4.
12.19: #crînês solvere#: a common token of grief among the Romans.
Cf. _crinibus passîs_, II, 36.
12.20: _stringô_.
12.21: #verbîs increpâns#: cf. _hîs increpâns verbîs_, I, 46.
12.22: _abeô_.
12.23: #oblîta# (_oblivîscor_) #frâtrum#: 'you who have
forgotten,' or 'since you have forgotten.' For the genitives
#frâtrum# and #patriae#, see H 454 (406, II): M 588: A 219: G 376:
B 206, 1. Cf. the English 'forgetful of.' For the repetition of
#oblîta# see n. 11.
13.1: 'fare, perish.' The subject is _fêmina_, or _illa fêmina_,
as suggested by #quaecumque#. How? With the whole sentence cf.
_Sîc . . . mea_, I, 47, and see note there.
13.2: #facinus#, by its derivation from _faciô_, properly =
'a deed,' whether good or bad, but generally 'a crime.'
13.3: = _senâtôribus_, who were officially styled _Patrês
Cônscrîptî_. #patribus plêbîque# virtually = _omnibus_.
13.4: 'court.'
13.5: See Vocab., _lîctor_.
13.6: The tense has dramatic force and = 'was (actually)
putting on.'
13.7: _caedô_.
13.8: _amplector_.
13.9: clause of negative purpose: see p. 9, n. 6.
13.10: _cônspiciô_. The subjunctive may be explained (1) as caused
by attraction to #faceret#, H 652, 1 (529, II): M 793: A 342:
G 663: B 324, or (2) as in informal indir. disc.
13.11: abl. of separation (cf. p. 1, n. 6), to be joined with
#orbum faceret#, which = _orbâret_.
13.12: After a negative clause the Romans often use _que_ or _et_,
where the English idiom requires _but_.
13.13: why abl.? see p. 4, n. 1.
13.14: Cf. p. 6, n. 21.
13.15: 'a (certain) street.' The street referred to ran up the
slope of the Esquiline Hill.
13.16: See Vocab., _iugum_. The father of Horatius, by making him
pass, as it were, beneath the yoke, symbolically executed the
sentence of death passed by the judges.
13.17: Sc. _Tigillum_. Livy says that this beam was renewed from
time to time at public expense, even down to his own day. Another
memorial of this fight was the _Pîla_ ('Column') _Horâtia_,
adjoining the Forum, on which Horatius is said to have hung the
spoils taken from the Curiatii.
13.18: #pâx Albâna# = _pâx cum Albâ îcta_.
13.19: _maneô_.
13.20: #cum . . . vidêret#: subjunctive of cause. See p. 2, n. 13;
p. 4, n. 12; and p. xx, H 2.
14.1: #quod . . . fînîsset#: 'because (as they said),' etc. The
subjunctive is due to the implied indirect discourse, and
expresses the thought, not of the writer, but of Mettius'
subjects. See p. xxi, H 4.
14.2: #ûnô . . . certâmine#: 'by one contest (only), and that a
contest in which but few fought.' Cf. l. 4.
14.3: #ut . . . corrigeret#: 'to set the matter straight,' i.e. to
regain the good will of his people. Join this clause with what
follows.
14.4: #in auxilium#: 'to give aid,' an expression of purpose.
Cf. _ad supplicium_, I, 29, and note. Tullus summoned Mettius
in accordance with the treaty made before the fight between the
Horatii and the Curiatii (l. 7).
14.5: #Quâ rê . . . intellêctâ# (_intellegô_): 'when he noticed
this state of things.' For #quâ#, see p. 4, n. 3.
14.6: #ait . . . circumvenîrentur#: Tullus' purpose in making this
statement was partly to frighten the enemy, partly to reassure his
own men. Livy relates that Tullus had stationed his own forces
against the Veientes, the Albans against the Fidenates. The
withdrawal of Mettius exposed the flank of the Romans to attack
from the Fidenates, and so was regarded at once by the Romans as
proof of treachery.
14.7: abl. of separation (cf. p. 1, n. 6). _ligâre_ and its
compounds are construed with either (1) the simple ablative, or
(2) the ablative with _ab_, _dê_, or _ex_.
14.8: #in . . . est#: 'was torn limb from limb.'
14.9: _distrahô_.
14.10: _iubeô_.
14.11: _crêscô_.
14.12: abl. of means.
14.13: #quô . . . habitârêtur#: 'that it might be more densely
inhabited,' i.e. that a larger number of people might be induced
to live there. In purpose clauses containing a comparative, _quô_
is used instead of _ut_: H 568, 7 (497, 2): M 909: A 317, _b_:
G 545, 2; B 282, _a_. This _quô_ is the abl. sing. neut. of the
relative pronoun, and = _ut eô_, 'that thereby.'
14.14: #eam . . . cêpit# (_capiô_): 'Tullus chose it (the
mountain) as the site of his palace,' Why is #eam# feminine,
although referring to _môns Caelius_, which is masculine? Cf.
p. 5, n. 14.
14.15: #Auctârum . . . fîdûciâ#: 'because of the confidence
(begotten) of his increased strength,' or 'by his confidence in
his increased strength.' In the former case the gen. is
subjective; in the latter it is objective; H 440, 1 and 2 (396, II
and III): M 553, 571: A 213, 1, 2: G 363, 1 and 2: B 199, 200.
14.16: _efferô_.
15.1: _însequor_.
15.2: #bellicôsus# = a causal clause _quod ipse bellicôsus erat_.
15.3: #mîlitiae quam domî#: 'in war than in peace.' See H 484, 2
(426, 2): M 622: A 258, _d_: G. 411, R. 2: B 232, 2; xvi, A 1.
15.4: = 'the fighting men,' because _iuvenês_ (men under 45) were
eligible for military duty.
15.5: #sed ipse quoque#: 'but (i.e. in spite of this statement) he
too.'
15.6: 'so completely.'
15.7: _frangô_.
15.8: #spîritûs illî ferôcês#: 'that high spirit of his'; #illî# =
'that for which he was so famous.' Cf. l. 2.
15.9: #fulmine îctum . . . cônflagrâsse# = _fulmine îctum esse et
cônflagrâsse_. Instead of using two coördinated verbs with a
common subject, Latin regularly represents the first verb by a
perf. pass. part., or by the past part. of a deponent verb, in
agreement with that common subject. Cf. p. 2, n. 8, and p. xxiv,
L 5.]
#V. Ancus Marcius, Romanorum rex quartus# [[stripped text]]