Rômulus[7] imâginem urbis magis quam urbem fêcerat; incolae
deerant.[8] Erat in[9] proximô lûcus[10]; hunc asylum fêcit. Et
statim eô mîra vîs[11] latrônum pâstôrumque cônfûgit. Cum[12] vêrô
[[5]]
uxôrês ipse[1] populusque nôn habêrent, lêgâtôs circâ vîcînâs
gentês mîsit,[2] quî[3] societâtem cônûbiumque[4] novô populô {5}
peterent.[3] Nûsquam benîgnê audîta lêgâtiô est; lûdibrium etiam
additum[5]: "Cûr nôn fêminîs quoque asylum aperuistis? Id
enim compâr foret[6] cônûbium." Rômulus, aegritûdinem animî
dissimulâns, lûdôs parat; indîcî[7] deinde fînitimîs spectâculum
iubet. Multî convênêre[8] studiô etiam[9] videndae novae urbis, {10}
mâximê Sabînî cum lîberîs et coniugibus. Ubi spectâculî tempus
vênit eôque[10] conversae[11] mentês[12] cum oculîs erant, tum sîgnô
datô iuvenês Rômânî discurrunt, virginês rapiunt.[13]
[Illustration: ARMILLA]
Haec[14] fuit statim causa bellî. Sabînî enim ob[15] virginês raptâs
bellum adversus Rômânôs sûmpsêrunt,[16] et cum {15}
Rômae[17] appropinquârent, Tarpêiam virginem nactî
sunt,[18] quae aquam forte[19] extrâ moenia petîtum[20]
ierat. Hûius pater Rômânae praeerat arcî. Titus
Tatius, Sabînôrum dux, Tarpêiae optiônem mûneris
dedit, sî exercitum suum in Capitôlium {20}
[[6]]
perdûxisset.[1] Illa petiit quod[2] Sabînî in sinistrîs manibus[3]
gererent,[4] {21}
vidêlicet aureôs ânulôs et armillâs. Quibus dolôsê prômissîs,
Tarpêia Sabînôs in arcem perdûxit, ubi Tatius
scûtîs[5] eam obruî iussit; nam et[6] ea in laevîs[7]
habuerant.[8] Sîc impia prôditiô celerî poenâ[5] vindicâta {25}
est.
[Illustration: DEATH OF TARPÊIA]
Deinde Rômulus ad certâmen prôcessit, et in
eô locô, ubi nunc Rômânum Forum[9] est, pûgnam
cônseruit. Prîmô[10] impetû vir inter[11] Rômânôs însîgnis, nômine[12]
Hostîlius, fortissimê dîmicâns cecidit; cûius interitû[13] cônsternâtî
Rômânî fugere coepêrunt. Iam Sabînî clâmitâbant: "Vîcimus {31}
perfidôs hospites,[14] imbellês hostês. Nunc sciunt longê[15] aliud
esse virginês rapere,[16] aliud pûgnâre[16] cum virîs." Tunc Rômulus,
arma ad caelum tollêns, Iovî aedem[17] vôvit, et exercitus seu forte
seu dîvînitus restitit.[18] Itaque proelium redintegrâtur; sed raptae
mulierês crînibus[19] passîs ausae sunt sê inter têla volantia înferre
et hinc patrês, hinc virôs ôrantês,[20] pâcem conciliârunt. {37}
[Illustration: RÔMULUS AS QUIRÎNUS / _From a coin_]
Rômulus, foedere[21] cum Tatiô îctô, et Sabînôs in urbem recêpit
[[7]]
et rêgnum[1] cum Tatiô sociâvit. Vêrum haud ita multô post,
occîsô[2] Tatiô, ad Rômulum potentâtus omnis recidit.[3] Centum {40}
deinde ex seniôribus êlêgit, quôrum cônsiliô[4] omnia ageret,[5] quôs
senâtôrês nôminâvit propter senectûtem. Três equitum[6] centuriâs
cônstituit, populum in trîgintâ cûriâs distribuit. Hîs ita
ôrdinâtîs, cum[7] ad[8] exercitum lûstrandum côntiônem in campô[9] ad
Caprae[10] palûdem habêret, subitô coorta est {45}
tempestâs cum mâgnô fragôre tonitribusque et
Rômulus ê cônspectû ablâtus[11] est. Ad deôs
trânsîsse vulgô crêditus[12] est; cuî[13] reî fidem
fêcit Iûlius Proculus, vir nôbilis. Ortâ[14] enim
inter patrês et plêbem sêditiône, in côntiônem {50}
prôcessit,[15] iûreiûrandô adfîrmâns vîsum[16] â sê
Rômulum augustiôre[17] fôrmâ, eundemque[18] praecipere[19] ut
sêditiônibus
abstinêrent[20] et rem mîlitârem colerent[20]; futûrum[21] ut
[[8]]
omnium gentium dominî exsisterent. Aedês in colle Quirînâlî
Rômulô[1] cônstitûta,[2] ipse[3] prô deô cultus[2] et Quirînus est
appellâtus. {56}
[Footnotes: II (pages 4-8)
4.7: It has been suggested that the name _Rômulus_ is derived from
_Rôma_, and that this in turn was made from an ancient word
_Rumon_, 'river.' _Rôma_ would then be 'the town by the river,'
'Rivertown' (cf. English 'Watertown,' etc.), and _Rômulus_ would
be 'the man from Rivertown.'
4.8: _dêsum_.
4.9: #in proximô#: 'near by.' Phrases consisting of a preposition
and a neuter adjective are common, and have the force of
adjectives or adverbs.
4.10: This grove lay between the two summits of the Capitoline
Hill.
4.11: #vîs# often means 'number,' as here, or 'quantity'; 'power'
is used in the same sense in some parts of Great Britain.
4.12: #cum#: 'since': H 598 (517): M 863: A 326: G 586: B 286, 2.
5.1: = _Rômulus_. Cf. _ipsam_, I, 5.
5.2: _mittô_.
5.3: #quî . . . peterent#: rel. clause of purpose; see p. xviii,
E 2, and H 590 (497, I): M 835: A 317, 2: G 630: B 282, 2.
5.4: In early times the right of intermarriage did not exist
between neighboring tribes, except by special treaty.
5.5: Sc. _est_, which, like _esse_, is often omitted with the
passive, especially in rapid narrative.
5.6: = _esset_: H 205, 2 (204, 2): M 327: A 119, N.: G 116, N. 1,
_c_: B 100, N. 2.
5.7: #indîcî . . . iubet#: 'he bids a show to be announced.' Such
an announcement would carry with it an invitation to be present.
5.8: Cf. p. 2, n. 21.
5.9: i.e. they were not only interested in the games, but they
were also curious to see the new city.
5.10: = _in spectâculum_.
5.11: _convertô_.
5.12: #mentês cum oculîs#: 'minds and eyes alike.' The emphasis is
on _mentês_; they were thinking only of the show.
5.13: In rapid historical narrative, clauses are often set side by
side without a connective. See also n. 5 above.
5.14: #Haec#, referring to the matters related in the preceding
paragraph, should theoretically be neuter, but is feminine because
the predicate noun #causa# is feminine. Such attraction is the
rule in Latin. H 396, 2 (445, 4): A 195, _d_: G 211, 5: B 246, 5.
5.15: #ob virginês raptâs#: 'on account of the stolen maidens' =
'on account of the seizure of the maidens.' A participle agreeing
with a noun is preferred in Latin to an abstract noun with a
dependent genitive.
5.16: _sûmô_.
5.17: dat.; why?
5.18: 'they happened upon' (_nancîscor_).
5.19: #forte . . . ierat#: 'had gone by chance' = 'happened to
have gone.' _Forte_ is often best rendered by a clause: 'as it
happened,' or 'it so happened.'
5.20: supine denoting purpose; see p. xviii, E 6, and H 633 (546):
M 1005: A 302: G 435: B 340, 1.
6.1: The subjunctive here, as in #gererent#, is due to implied
indirect discourse; #sî perdûxisset# represents the fut. perf.
indic. of direct discourse _sî perdûxeris_, 'if you shall have
led' = 'if you (shall) lead'; H 646 (527, I): M 1034, 1038: A 337:
G 656-7: B 319, B.
6.2: 'that which.'
6.3: _manus_ often = 'arm,' just as _pês_ = 'leg.'
6.4: #gererent#: either 'wore' or 'bore.' Tarpeia meant it in the
former sense; Tatius chose to understand it in the latter.
6.5: Why abl.?
6.6: #et ea# = _ea quoque_: 'these too,' as well as the _armillae_
and _ânulî_.
6.7: Sc. _manibus_.
6.8: Note the tense; they _had had_ these, too, on their arms when
the bargain was struck.
6.9: See Vocab., _Forum_.
6.10: #Prîmô impetû#: 'in the very first charge.' The ablative
fixes the time of #cecidit#.
6.11: #inter . . . însîgnis#: 'the most conspicuous of the
Romans.' How literally?
6.12: abl. of specification.
6.13: = _morte_. The abl. includes the ideas of means and cause.
6.14: 'hosts.' The relation of host and guest was regarded by the
Romans, as by other ancient peoples, as peculiarly sacred.
6.15: #longê aliud . . . aliud#: 'one thing . . . quite another.'
Note here the difference between the English and the Latin idiom.
6.16: Infinitives, because the clauses in which they stand are
subjects of #esse#; H 615 (538): M 972: A 270: G 422: B 377.
6.17: This temple was called the Temple of _Iuppiter Stator_, i.e.
the 'Stayer,' the god who had _stayed_ the army's flight.
6.18: _resistô_: 'maintained its ground,' 'held its own,' as
contrasted with its previous flight (_fugere coepêrunt_).
6.19: #crînibus passîs# (_pandô_): 'with streaming hair.'
6.20: '_by_ beseeching'; the abl. of the gerund (_ôrandô_) might
have been used.
6.21: #foedere . . . îctô# (_îcô_): 'having struck a treaty.' How
literally? The abl. abs. is one of the regular substitutes in
Latin for the missing perfect active participle. In the phrase
_foedus îcere_, the verb suggests the striking of the victims in
the sacrifice which accompanied the making of the treaty.
7.1: #rêgnum . . . sociâvit#: i.e. henceforth there were two
kings.
7.2: By the inhabitants of Laurentum, whose ambassadors he had
insulted.
7.3: Note the force of the prefix: the sovereignty 'came _back_,'
or 'devolved _again_' upon Romulus, precisely as before he shared
it with Tatius.
7.4: abl. of means.
7.5: Cf. p. 5, n. 3.
7.6: See Vocab., _eques_.
7.7: 'When': H 600, II (521, II): M 858: A 325: G 585: B 288.
7.8: #ad . . . lûstrandum# = _ut . . . lûstrâret_. What does the
gerundive construction express?
7.9: Sc. _Mârtiô_. See Vocab., _campus_, and map, p. xxviii.
7.10: #Caprae palûdem#: 'Goat Swamp.'
7.11: _auferô_.
7.12: #crêditus est#: we would say: 'it was believed that he,'
etc.; Latin prefers the personal construction, and says: 'he was
believed to have,' etc.
7.13: #cuî . . . fêcit#: literally 'for which thing he made (i.e.
secured) belief (i.e. general acceptance).'
7.14: What does the abl. abs. here express? See p. xxiii, K 6.
7.15: _prôcêdô_.
7.16: Sc. _esse_. #vîsum esse# and #praecipere# depend on
#adfîrmâns#: see H 642 (523, I): M 1023: A 336, 2: G 650: B 314:
and p. xxv, M 4.
7.17: #augustiôre fôrmâ#: 'of more imposing presence' (than he was
while on earth); abl. of characteristic, H 473, 2 (419, II):
M 643: A 251: G 400: B 224.
7.18: i.e. _Rômulum_.
7.19: Note the change of tense from that in _vîsum_ (_esse_)
above. Proculus actually said: (_Rômulus_) _praecipit_, i.e. he
used the historical present. Above _vîsum_ (_esse_) represents
_vîsus est_ of the direct discourse.
7.20: substantive clause of purpose; H 565 (498, I): M 892: A 331:
G 546: B 295, 4.
7.21: #futûrum ut . . . exsisterent# gives the statement, not of
Proculus, but of Romulus himself. The inf. #futûrum# (_esse_)
depends on a verb of saying implied in #praecipere#. Romulus said
_exsistêtis_. Since, however, _exsistô_ has no supine and so no
future participle, no direct future infinitive can be formed from
it. Hence the phrase _futûrum ut_ with subjunctive becomes
necessary: 'it would happen that they would become,' etc.
8.1: 'in honor of Romulus'; dat. of advantage.
8.2: With #cônstitûta# and #cultus# (_colô_) sc. _est_.
8.3: For the omission of the conjunction before #ipse#, cf. p. 5,
n. 13.]
#III. Numa Pompilius, Romanorum rex secundus# [[stripped text]]