Group B.
Base of primaries with white patch.
Two white bands on wing _Series I._
No white bands on wing _Series II._
Base of primaries without white patch.
Rump yellow.
Crown with a yellow spot _Series III._
Crown without a yellow spot _Series IV._
Rump not yellow.
Throat white (with black streaks in _striata_
and _pharetra_) _Series V._
Throat yellow or orange _Series VI._
Throat black, or mixed with black _Series VII._
_Series I._
7. D. olivacea. ♂. Head and neck, all round, fine light
orange-rufous; a broad black “spectacle” along side of the
head. ♀. Head yellowish, dusky on top; spectacle obsolete.
_Hab._ Whole of Eastern Mexico; Guatemala.
_Series II._
8. D. cærulescens. ♂. Head dark blue above and black
underneath; a black patch covering whole lateral and under
side of head and lateral lower parts. Rest of upper parts
dark blue; bases of primaries and abdomen pure white. ♀.
Above olive, with a light superciliary stripe; beneath wholly
light greenish-buff; base of primaries white. _Hab._ Eastern
Province of United States; in winter south into Cuba,
Jamaica, and St. Domingo.
_Series III._
9. D. coronata. A yellow patch on each side of the breast;
above ashy streaked with black; belly white. ♂. Breast more
or less black; upper parts ash with a bluish tinge. ♀. Breast
only streaked with black; ash of upper part grayish or
brownish.
Throat white; a white superciliary streak; two white bands
on wing. _Hab._ Eastern Province of North America, north to
Alaska and Greenland; in winter south to Panama and West
Indies (resident in Jamaica!) … var. _coronata_.
Throat yellow; no white superciliary streak; one white
patch formed by the fusion of the two bands on the wing.
_Hab._ Western Province of North America from British
Columbia, south to Cape St. Lucas and Jalisco, Western
Mexico; east to Rocky Mountains. … var. _auduboni_.
_Series IV._
10. D. maculosa. Whole lower parts bright yellow; black
streaks across breast and along sides; crown ash; lores,
auriculars, and back black. ♀ scarcely different. _Hab._
Eastern Province of North America, from Fort Simpson to
Panama; Cuba and Bahamas.
_Series V._
A. Above ashy-blue, or soft bluish-green.
11. D. cærulea. Lower parts pure white or greenish-white;
with or without a narrow band across the breast; above fine
ashy-blue, or soft bluish-green; if blue (♂), the back and
crown streaked with black; if green (♀ and _juv._), these
streaks obsolete. _Hab._ Eastern Province of United States
(rare northward except in Mississippi Valley), south to
Bogota in winter; Cuba.
B. Above not ashy-blue nor bluish-green, but streaked with
black upon an ashy greenish-olive or yellowish ground, or else
bright olive-green.
_a._ Sides more or less rufous, and without black or dusky
streaks on under surfaces.
12. D. pennsylvanica. ♂. Crown pure yellow; throat and
auriculars pure white; ♀ _ad._ similar, but crown greenish,
and more or less streaked. _Juv._ Above bright olive-green,
nearly grass-green, _without streaks_ except on the back;
side of head, and sides, clear ashy, the latter with or
without a trace of chestnut; eyelids and medial lower parts
pure white. _Hab._ Eastern Province of United States, south
to Panama; Bahamas.
13. D. castanea. ♂. Crown reddish-chestnut; throat and
sides rufous; auriculars black. ♀ similar, but crown thickly
streaked, sometimes without a trace of rufous; jugulum and
throat only tinged with rufous. _Juv._ Above greenish-olive,
streaks obsolete; beneath, _including lower tail-coverts_,
pale greenish-buff, or whitish-buff, and without any trace of
streaks on the sides (distinction from ♀ of _D. striata_) the
sides usually with a tinge of chestnut. _Hab._ Eastern
Province of North America, from Hudson’s Bay Territory to New
Granada.
_b._ Sides without any rufous, and with black or dusky streaks.
_Medial lower parts not streaked; inner webs of tail-feathers
with broad patch of white._
14. D. striata. ♂. Crown deep black; auriculars and lower
parts white; throat with two series of black streaks,
converging and forming an angle on the chin. Above ashy
streaked with black. ♀ similar, but crown greenish streaked
with black; lower parts tinged with greenish. _Juv._ Above
greenish-olive, the streaks obsolete; beneath pale
greenish-yellow; _the lower tail-coverts pure white_. _Hab._
Eastern Province of North America, north to Greenland and
Kodiak, south to Bogota, Cuba, and Bahamas.
_Medial lower parts streaked with black; inner webs of
tail-feathers merely edged with white._
15. D. pharetra.[48] ♂. Above grayish-white, with broad
streaks of black; posteriorly, plain brownish-gray; lower
parts with cuneate spots of black. _Hab._ Jamaica.
_Series VI._
A. A black “mask” around the eye and on auriculars, and
extending down the side of the throat; a light superciliary
stripe continued back into a large space, of similar color, on
side of neck.
16. D. blackburniæ. Crown with an orange or yellowish spot
(exposed or concealed); superciliary stripe, side of neck and
throat, intense orange-red (♂ ad.), or varying from this to
pale buff (_juv._). ♀ intense black above; back streaked with
white or yellowish. ♀ olive-gray above, streaked with black.
_Juv._ olive-gray above without distinct streaks. _Hab._
Eastern Province of United States, south to Ecuador; Bahamas.
17. D. dominica. Crown without an orange or yellowish spot;
superciliary stripe and side of neck pure white; throat
gamboge-yellow; above ash, without streaks.
Superciliary stripe bright yellow anterior to the eye.
Bill, .45; tarsus, .60; wing, 2.60; tail, 2.00. _Hab._
Atlantic United States and West Indies … var. _dominica_.
Superciliary stripe pure white anterior to the eye. Bill,
.35; tarsus, .60; wing, 2.70; tail, 2.20. _Hab._
Mississippi region of United States; Mexico (Yucatan on
east coast, and Colima on west coast); Guatemala and
Honduras … var. _albilora_.
B. No black “mask.” Superciliary stripe scarcely reaching
behind the eye. Sides of neck ashy like the back.
18. D. graciæ. Auriculars, neck, crown, and upper parts
generally, ashy; a supra-loral stripe, a crescent on the
lower eyelid, and the anterior lower parts gamboge-yellow.
Crissum white.
_Back and sides streaked with black; abdomen white._
Yellow of throat terminating abruptly at the jugulum;
supra-loral stripe extending about .20 of an inch past the
eye, this portion of it white; dorsal streaks broad. Wing,
2.60; tail, 2.20. _Hab._ Arizona (Fort Whipple) …
var. _graciæ_.
Yellow of throat covering whole jugulum, and not ending
abruptly; supra-loral stripe scarcely passing the eye, and
wholly yellow; dorsal streaks narrow. Wing, 2.20; tail,
1.95. _Hab._ British Honduras (Belize) … var. _decora_.
_Back and sides not streaked with black; abdomen yellow._
Yellow of throat extending back to the crissum; supra-loral
stripe as in the last; dorsal streaks wanting. Wing, 2.10;
tail, 1.95. _Hab._ Porto Rico … var. _adelaidæ_.[49]
_Series VII._
Throat black in ♂, mixed with black in ♀.
A. Sides streaked; black of throat with its posterior outline
concave.
_a._ Side of head white and black.
19. D. nigrescens. A small yellow spot over the lore; above
ash; beneath white. ♂. Whole crown, uniform glossy black;
back streaked with black. ♀. Crown ash streaked with black;
throat mixed with white anteriorly. _Juv._ Crown and cheeks
ashy; throat mostly white; back without streaks. _Hab._
Western and Middle Province of United States, south, in
winter, into Western Mexico (Oaxaca).
_b._ Side of head yellow and black, or yellow and olive.
_Black of throat covering jugulum; a hidden yellow spot in middle
of forehead._
20. D. chrysopareia. Black above, pure white below; no
tinge of yellow behind the black jugular patch. _Hab._
Eastern Middle America, from Guatemala to Texas (San
Antonio).
21. D. virens. Olive-green above, the crown and back
without streaks; beneath white, the breast and anal region
tinged with black. _Hab._ Eastern Province of North America,
from Greenland to Panama; Cuba; Oaxaca; Heligoland, Europe!
_Black of throat confined anteriorly to the jugulum; no yellow
spot on forehead._
22. D. townsendi. Above olive-green, the crown and back
with conspicuous black streaks; beneath yellow anteriorly,
and white posteriorly. ♀, black of throat mixed with yellow;
_juv._, no black on throat, and streaks on back obsolete.
_Hab._ North and Middle Province of United States, south, in
winter, into Guatemala.
B. Sides not streaked; black of throat with its posterior
outline convex.
23. D. occidentalis. Above ash tinged with olive; beneath
white. Head nearly all yellow. ♂. Top of head yellow with a
few small black spots; nape black; back streaked with black;
sides pure white. (♀ not seen.) _Juv._ Yellow of crown
overlaid by olive; above greenish-plumbeous, without any
black on nape or back; throat yellowish-whitish; sides tinged
with ashy. _Hab._ Western and Middle Province of United
States, south to Guatemala.
Group C.
A. Above ash; no supra-loral stripe; eyelids not yellow.
24. D. kirtlandi. Above, including side of head and neck,
bluish-ash; crown and back streaked with black; beneath
(except crissum) pale yellow; breast speckled, and sides
streaked with black; lores and orbital region, black; eyelids
white. _Hab._ Eastern Province of United States (Cleveland,
Ohio), and Bahamas.
25. D. pityophila.[50] Above, including side of head and
neck, dull ash; the forehead and crown olive-green; crown and
back not streaked; beneath white; the throat and jugulum
yellow; sides ashy; no specks on breast, nor streaks on
sides, but a few along side of neck, between the ash and
yellow. _Hab._ Cuba.
B. Olive-green or brown above; a supra-loral stripe of yellow;
eyelids yellow.
_a._ Above olive-green, without streaks; crissum white; sides
of breast with obsolete grayish streaks.
26. D. pinus. Forehead and ear-coverts olive; abdomen
white; yellow supra-loral stripe not continued behind the
eye. ♀ more grayish; _juv._ above umber, beneath light
grayish-brown, tinged with yellow. _Hab._ Eastern Province of
United States; Bahamas.
? 27. D. montana. Forehead and ear-coverts yellow; abdomen
yellow; yellow supra-loral stripe continued past the eye into
the yellow of the auriculars. (♀ and other stages unknown.)
_Hab._ “Blue Mountains of Virginia.”
_b._ Above olive-green, the back streaked with chestnut;
crissum yellow; streaks of black on sides.
28. D. discolor. Bright gamboge-yellow beneath; streak on
lores and along side of neck, as well as along sides and
flanks, deep black; dorsal feathers chestnut medially. ♀
duller, but similar; _juv._ not seen. _Hab._ Eastern Province
of United States: in winter, throughout West Indies.
_c._ Above olive-brown, the back not streaked; crissum
gamboge-yellow; streaks of reddish-chestnut on sides.
29. D. palmarum. _Ad._ Forehead and crown deep rufous;
superciliary stripe bright yellow, continued back over
auriculars; sexes alike. _Juv._ and _ad._ in winter. Crown
brownish, streaked with dusky; streaks on sides more dusky.
_Hab._ Eastern Province of North America, north to Fort
Simpson and Hudson’s Bay; Bahamas; Cuba, St. Domingo, and
Jamaica, in winter.
Dendroica æstiva, BAIRD.