—— chemical and physical properties of, 29–30
—— adulterations of, 30–2
—— effects of, mixed with alcohol, 31
Chloroform, how to be preserved, 32
—— properties of vapour of, 32
—— quantity of vapour of, taken up by air at various temperatures, 33,
68
—— effects of inhalation of vapour of, at different temperatures, 34
—— physiological effects of, 34
—— a narcotico-irritant, 34
—— degrees of narcotism from, 35–43
—— symptoms during first degree, 35–37;
second degree, 37–38;
third degree, 38–42;
fourth and fifth degrees, 42–43
—— effects on the heart of a sudden overdose of, 43
—— produces post-mortem rigidity, 43
—— effects of, on pulse, 43, 44, 77, 89
—— action of, on the nervous system, 44–45
—— effects of, during an operation, 45
—— varying effects of, on patients, 45–8
—— circumstances which influence or modify its effects, 48
—— influence of age in modifying effects of, 49–50
—— effects of, as regards strength or debility, 50
—— effects when given slowly, 50
—— effects of, in hysteria, 50–2
—— effects of, in epilepsy, 52
—— effects of, during menstrual period, 53
—— effects of, during pregnancy, 53
—— effects of, in cases of disease of the lungs, 53–4
—— effects of, in case of phthisis described, 53–54
—— effects of, in cases of heart disease, 54–56
—— effects of, in cerebral disease, 56–57
—— effects of, on the insane, 57
—— effects of, on hard drinkers, 57–58
—— amount of vapour of, absorbed to cause the various degrees of
narcotism, 58–74
—— is absorbed into the circulation during inhalation, 58
—— is exhaled in the secretions, 58
—— experiments on inhalation of, 59–74.
_See Experiments_
—— absorption of, by blood serum, 69
—— proportion of, required to arrest respiration, 69, 70, 74, 115, 116
—— action of, on frogs, 71–73
—— action of, on chaffinch, 73
—— action of, on animals of warm and cold blood, 70–73
—— preparations for administering the, 74
—— should not be administered after a meal, 74
—— vomiting in relation to administration of, 74–75
—— position of patient during inhalation of, 75
—— fears regarding the, 76–77
—— and fear, relative effects of, 77
—— removes fear as it destroys consciousness, 77
—— prevents syncope from fear, 77–78
—— mode of administering the, 78
—— amount of, required to produce insensibility, 78, 107
—— Dr. Simpson’s administration of the, 78
—— objections to administration of, on handkerchief, 78–79
—— may cause death without producing insensibility, 79, 133
Chloroform, effects of, not modified by idiosyncracies, 79
—— inhaled from a balloon, 80
—— inhaler for, the author’s, described, 81–84
—— diagram of, 82
—— amount of, used for inhalation, 84
—— how to be administered with inhaler, 86
—— use of, in obstetric cases, 87
—— use of, in surgical operations, 87
—— signs of insensibility from, 87
—— effects of, eyelid test, 88
—— effect of, on breathing, 89–93
—— effect of, on pupil, 93–94, 158
—— on position of the eyes, 94
—— accumulation of, in lungs, 91
—— rigidity and struggling under, to be subdued by continued
inhalation, 91, 92, 93
—— on tolerance of, M. Chassaignac, 92
—— how long to be inhaled by patients of different ages, 94
—— always takes effect, 95–96
—— repetition of, during operations, 97
—— recovery from, 97–100
—— sequelæ of inhalation of, 100–107
—— cause and prevention of death from, 107–120
—— effect of prolonged inhalation of, 109
—— experiments illustrating mode of dying from, 109–120
—— paralyzing effects on the heart from large doses of, 112
—— fatal cases of inhalation from, 120–200
—— alleged cases of death from inhalation of, 201–212
—— danger of rapid inhalation of, 126, 127
—— the mode of administration of, in fatal cases from, 124, 127, 130,
131, 135, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144–5, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151,
153, 154, 155, 158–9, 161, 162, 164, 165–6, 167, 170, 172, 174, 176,
177, 178, 180, 183–4, 185, 187, 189, 190–1, 193, 195, 197
—— mode of inhalation of, in alleged cases of death from, 201, 205,
207, 209–10
—— symptoms in the fatal cases of inhalation of, 212–17
—— mode of death in accidents from, 217
—— table of fatal cases of inhalation of, 218–22
—— supposed causes of death from, 228–45,
_see Death_
—— state of the chief organs after death from, 245–8
—— further remarks on the prevention of accidents from, 248–51
—— rules in administration of, 250–1
—— treatment of suspended animation from, 251–62
—— the effect of, on the results of operations, 263–70
—— benefits conferred by, in operations, 263–4
—— administration of, in the different kinds of operations, 271–318,
_see Operations_
—— in parturition, 318–29
—— introduced by Dr. Simpson into obstetric practice, 318
—— need not produce unconsciousness during labour, 318
—— cases of labour in which it may be employed, 319–20
—— period for its administration in labour, 320
—— mode of administration in labour, 320–21
—— does not influence the duration of labour, 323
Chloroform, its use in operations during labour, 324–6
—— its use in peculiar cases of labour, 327–8
—— death from, by neglect during labour, 328
—— in relation to puerperal convulsions, 329
—— inhalation of, in medical cases, 329–44
—— frequent and long continued use of, 343–4
—— and ether, analogous action of, 349
—— and ether, combination of, 369–79
—— sulphuric ether, and amylene, effects of, compared, 403–5
Chowne, Dr., cases of hysteria treated with chloroform, 339–41
Circumstances which influence or modify the effects of chloroform, 48
Clarke, Mr., on amylene, 418
Clement, Mr., on case of death from chloroform, 145–6
Clover, Mr., his mode of administering chloroform, 184
Cockle, Dr., on the circulation in the coronary arteries, 262
Cocks, Mr. W. G. H., on treatment of laryngismus stridulus with
chloroform, 332
Colston, Mr. G. Q., administration of nitrous oxyde by, 14–15
Combination of chloroform and ether, 369–71
—— case of supposed death from inhalation of, 370
Consciousness, recovery of, after chloroform, 98
Consumption, treatment of, by ether, 14, 360
Convulsions, epileptiform, in fatal case from chloroform, 191
—— infantile, use of chloroform in, 332–3
—— puerperal, use of chloroform in, 337–9
—— treatment of, with ether, 359
Corfe, Dr., report of a post-mortem after death from chloroform, 181–2
Countenance, expression of, under amylene, 401
Crockett, Dr., on a case of supposed death from combination of
chloroform and ether, 370
Croup, spasmodic, use of chloroform in, 331–2
D.
Davy, Sir Humphrey, experiments of, with nitrous oxyde, 14
—— suggested use of nitrous oxyde by, to remove pain of operations, 14
Death from chloroform without insensibility, 79–133
—— cause and prevention of, from chloroform, 107–20
—— under chloroform from paralysis of heart, 131, 138, 141, 143, 151,
156, 165, 178–9, 181, 186, 189, 196
—— two modes of, from chloroform, 135
—— from chloroform, cases of, 120–200,
_see Operations, fatal_
—— symptoms of, from chloroform, 124, 127–28, 130, 131, 135, 137,
139–41, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155–6,
157–8, 159, 161, 162, 163–4, 165, 166, 167–8, 170–1, 172–3, 174–5,
175–6, 176–7, 177–8, 178–9, 180–1, 182–3, 185–6, 187–8, 189, 190,
191, 192–4, 195–6, 197
—— from chloroform, cases of alleged, 201, 203, 204, 205, 209
—— mode of, in accidents from chloroform, 217
—— supposed causes of, from chloroform, 228–45;
age, 230–31;
idiosyncracy, 231–2;
impurity of chloroform, 233;
apparatus employed, 233;
exclusion of air, 233–4;
closure of the glottis, 234–8;
exhaustion from struggling, 238–9;
sitting posture, 239–40;
effect of surgeon’s knife, 240–3;
sudden death from other causes, 243–5;
falling back of the tongue, 245
Death, sudden, from other causes during inhalation of chloroform, 244–5
—— during operations without anæsthetics, 245
Debout, Dr., on amylene, 375, 406, 418
Delarue, M., on titillation of the uvula during accidents from
chloroform, 257–8
Delirium cum tremore, treatment of, by chloroform, 333–4
—— in fever, 334–5
Delphos, Priestess of, intoxicated by narcotic fumes, 11
Demarquay, M., on closure of the glottis by chloroform, 234
Diagram of chloroform inhaler, 82
—— of ether inhaler, 349
Dinners, late, a cause of hæmorrhoids, 307
Dioscorides, on decoction of mandragora, 1
—— on symptoms from mandragora, 3
Discovery of anæsthetics, importance of, 1–2
Dislocations, reduction of, under chloroform, 302–3
Devergie, M., on closure of the glottis by chloroform, 234
—— on death from amylene, 415
Dominus Hugo, his recipe for a narcotic, 5–6
—— his prescription for a local application, 6
Dumas, M., on analysis of chloroform and name, 27
Duroy, M., anæthesimeter of, 85
—— on amylene, 375–6
Dutch liquid, nature of, 27
E.
Ear, operations on, under chloroform, 298
Eastment, Mr., case by, of alleged death from ether, 368–9
Effect of chloroform on the results of operations, 263–70
Elbow, excision of, under chloroform, 279–80
Electricity, use of, in a fatal case from chloroform, 166
—— value of, during accidents from chloroform, 261–2
—— use of, in case of death of from amylene, 413
Emphysema, in a fatal case from chloroform, 148
Epilepsy, influence of chloroform on, 52
—— use of chloroform in, 336–7
Esdaile, Dr., on hypnotism in the Hindoos, 10
Ether, _sulphuric_, or ether, 15 to 27, 345 to 371
—— effects of, vapour, described by Faraday, 15
—— effects experimentally shewn by Professor Turner, 16
—— vapour as an anæsthetic, discovery of, 15, 16, 17
—— application of, summary, 17, 18
—— treatment of diseases by, 19
—— supposed death from, 20
—— use of, in Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Philadelphia, New York,
Naples, and Lyons, 23
—— action of, on nervous centres, 45
—— administered for operation for removal of pus from frontal sinus,
302
—— history and composition of, 345
—— chemical and physical properties, 345–9
—— physiological effects of, 349–55
Ether, _sulphuric_, administration of, 356–8
—— —— in medical cases, 358–61
—— great safety of, 22–3, 362
—— alleged deaths from, 362–9
—— chloroform and amylene, effects of, compared, 403–5
—— saturation of the blood with, 354;
flavour of, 357;
—— quantity of, inhaled to produce insensibility, 356–7
—— operations under, 357–9
—— and chloroform, combination of, 369–71
—— —— analogous action of, 349–50
—— _chloric_, composition of, 20
—— chloric, introduction of, as an anæsthetic, _ib._
—— its relation to chloroform, _ib._
—— author’s experiments with, 21;
named by Dr. Thompson, 27
—— alcoholic solution of, made by Guthrie, 27
—— known as a diffusible stimulant, 27
Eupion, properties of, 377
Excitement, muscular, under chloroform, 93
Exhaustion from struggling, a supposed cause of death from chloroform,
238–9
Experiments with chloroform, mode of conducting the, 59, 60
—— on animals with chloroform, 60–74
—— illustrating modes of dying from chloroform, 109
—— with ether, 350–5;
with amylene, 378–386
Eye, operations on, under chloroform, 295–8
Eyelids, sensibility of, under chloroform, a test, 88
F.
Face, division of nerves of, under chloroform, 294–5
Faintness from chloroform, 103–4
Faraday, Professor, description of effects of ether vapour, 16
Farr, Dr. Arthur, on hysteria treated with chloroform, 341
Fatal cases from inhalation of chloroform, 120–200
—— alleged, from chloroform, 201–12
—— alleged, from inhalation of ether, 362–8
Fear, effects of, 77;
subsides with unconsciousness, 77
—— possible cause of death, cases of, 203, 209–12
Femur, excision of head of, under chloroform, 279
Fenwick, Dr., statistics of operations since the introduction of
anæsthetics, 267–70, 278
Fergusson, Mr., on utility of chloroform in lithotrity, 274
—— improvement of operation by, for removal of jaw, 281–2
—— operation by, for hare-lip, 292
—— observations of, in case of death from amylene, 408–11
Fibrine separated after application of galvanism, 181–2
Fife, Sir John, on the _post-mortem_ appearances in a case of death
from chloroform, 125
Flourens, M., experiments by chloroform, 21
—— on the action of sulphuric ether, 45
Frogs, experiments on, with chloroform, 71, 72, 112
—— mode of action of chloroform upon, 71–2
—— modified by different temperatures, 72
Further remarks on the prevention of accidents from chloroform, 248–51
G.
Galvanism applied in cases of death from chloroform, 144, 151, 167–8,
181, 183, 197
Garner, Mr., on treatment of neuralgia with chloroform, 344
Garrod, Dr., report of _post-mortem_ after a death from chloroform,
171–2
Giraldis, M., on use of amylene, 419
_Glasgow Herald_, report by, of case of death from chloroform, 136
Glottis, closure of, during inhalation of chloroform, 234–38
Glover, Dr., first experiments with chloroform, 112
—— report of _post-mortem_, appearances after death from chloroform,
124, 125
Gorré, M., on death from chloroform, 131–2
Guineapigs, experiments on, with chloroform, 60–67
—— experiments on, with amylene, 378–385
Guthrie, Mr., method of obtaining chloric ether, 27
H.
Hall, Dr. Marshall, reference to the author, 109
—— description of his “ready method”, 260–1
—— his “ready method” of artificial respiration tried in fatal cases
from chloroform, 194, 196, 197
—— “ready method” applied in cases of death from amylene, 410–13
Haller on influence of the blood in the heart, 223
Hæmorrhage, a cause of death during inhalation of chloroform, 205,
282–4, 370–1
—— death from, during removal of tumour from jaw, 284–5
—— secondary, after operations, prevented by chloroform, 318
Hæmorrhoids, operations for, under chloroform, 305–7
—— why prevalent in the upper classes, 307
Hard drinkers, effects of chloroform on, 57–8
Hare-lip, operations for, under chloroform, 291–3
Harlequin, a, note concerning, 50
Harrison, Mr., observations by, in fatal case from chloroform, 175–6
Hawkesley, Dr., invention of mouth-piece for an inhaler by, 83
Hawkesworth, Mr. C. A., on tetanus treated with ether, 360–1
Hayward, Dr., operation by, on a patient narcotized by ether, 16
Head symptoms supposed as result of chloroform, 106–7
—— condition of, after death by chloroform, 246
Heart, diseases of, in relation to chloroform, 54
—— symptoms during recovery from chloroform, 56
—— fatal cases from chloroform inhalation during diseases of, 162, 165,
206
Heart, special influence of chloroform on, in different animals,
112–13, 114, 117, 122
—— human, special influence of chloroform upon, 115, 164
—— sudden death from paralysis of, from chloroform, 131, 138, 141, 143,
151, 156, 165, 178–9, 181, 186, 189, 196
—— condition of, during syncope, 223–5, 228
—— condition of, after death, from chloroform, 246
—— circulation in coronary vessels of, 262
—— paralysis of, in case of death from amylene, 409, 413
Hernia, strangulated, operations for, under chloroform, 304–5
Herodotus on inhalation of narcotic vapours, 10, 11
Hewitt, Mr. Prescott, report of fatal operation for removal of tumour
from jaw, 282–4
Hillier, Dr., report of a fatal case from chloroform, 170–2
History of anæsthetics, 1, 24
Hoa-tho, his use of Indian hemp for deadening pain, 4, 12
Hoffberg, use of mandrake as a narcotic, 4
Holmes, Mr. Thomas, on pyæmia and chloroform, 267
Hooping-cough, treatment of, by chloroform, 332;
by ether, 360
Housz, Dr., oxygen inhaler of, 83
Hunter, Mr. John, death of, 227
Hydrocephalus, treatment of, by chloroform, 335
Hysteria, influence of chloroform in, 51–2
—— cases of, in which chloroform was administered, 51–2
—— after chloroform, 104–7;
after amylene, 406
Hysterical paralysis and contractions treated by chloroform, 339–40
I.
Idiosyncrasy, supposed case of, 96
—— supposed cause of death from chloroform, 231–2
Indian hemp as a narcotic, 4
—— fumes of, inhaled by Hindoos, 5
Inhalation, definition of, 25;
reasons for, 26
—— agents administered by, 26;
how to be performed, _ib._
Inhalers for chloroform, description of, 81–86;
diagram of, 82
—— of M. Charrière and Duroy, 85
—— of the author, use of, 86
—— for ether, diagram of, 349
Insanity, use of chloroform during, 57
Insensibility by chloroform, a _process_, 80
—— signs of, under chloroform, 87, 88
—— eyelid test of, 88
J.
Jackson, Dr. Charles J., assertion of priority of application of ether
as an anæsthetic, 16, 17
Jaw, upper, removal of tumours of, under chloroform, 280–5
—— lower, removal of tumours of, under chloroform, 285
Jeffreys, Mr. Julius, inhaler of, 349
Joints, stiff, forcible movement of, under chloroform, 303
Jones, Mr., of Jersey, report of operation by, under amylene, 402–3
Jorden, Mr., operation by, in fatal case from chloroform, 163
Jugular, external, opened in deaths from chloroform, 151, 159, 168, 174
—— value of opening the, during accidents from chloroform, 261
Julien Stanislaus on Chinese medicine, 4
K.
Kittens, experiments on, with amylene, 385–6
Knee, excision of, under chloroform, 280
Kobelt, M., prosecution of, for fatal case from chloroform, 154
L.
Labour, cases of, in which chloroform may be used, 319–20
—— consciousness need not be destroyed during, 318
—— period of, for exhibition of chloroform, 320
—— mode of administering chloroform during, 320–4
—— use of chloroform during operations in, 324–6
Labour, use of amylene during, 394–7;
use of ether during, 359
Lamballe, M. Jobert de, on use of amylene, 419
Lansdown, Mr. W., on ether in midwifery, 359
Laryngismus stridulus, treatment of, by chloroform, 332
Laryngotomy, operation of, under chloroform, 312
Lawrence, Mr., on chloric ether, 20
Lefevre, Sir George, case of syncope, related by, 223
Leg, amputation of, under chloroform, 277
Letheon, Morton’s term for ether, 18
Liebig, Dr. Justus, on analysis of chloroform or liquid chloride of
carbon, 27
—— proposed name of perchloride of formyle, 28
Liégard, on deadening pain by compression, 9
Ligature of arteries under chloroform, 289–91
Limbs, state of, under chloroform, 89
Linnets, experiments on, with ether, 352–3;
with amylene, 381–2
Lip, cancer of, operation for, under chloroform, 294
Liston, Mr., first operations on patients etherized, 18
—— case of fatal operation from hæmorrhage, 284
Lithotomy, administration of chloroform for, 271–4
Lithotrity, administration of chloroform for, 274–5
Lonsdale, Miss, first patient who inhaled ether in England, 18
Lopez, Dolorès, supposed death of, from ether, 369
Lungs, diseases of, administration of chloroform during, 53
—— condition of, after death from chloroform, 245–6
M.
Mackenzie, Dr., of Kelso, on a case of death from chloroform, 200
Majer, Dr., on a fatal case from chloroform, 161
Malgaigne, M., opinion of, on the case of Mdlle. Stock, 133
—— case by, of death from chloroform with exhaustion, 204
Mandragora, narcotic effects of, 1, 2;
antidote for, 2
Mandrake, once used as a narcotic, 4
Mania, treatment of, with chloroform, 342
Marshall, Mr. Peter, the author’s experiments with, 117–20
—— on case of death from fright, 203
Masson and Triquet, action brought against, for causing death by
imprudent use of chloroform, 200
Maygarth, Mr., on a case of death from chloroform, 147
Meals, rules regarding the, before inhalation of chloroform, 75
Medical cases, inhalation of chloroform in, 329–44;
in neuralgia, 329–31;
in spasmodic asthma, 331;
in spasmodic croup, 331–2;
in laryngismus stridulus, 332;
in hooping-cough, _ib._;
in infantile convulsions, 332–3;
in delirium cum tremore, 333–4;
in delirium in fever, 334–5;
hydrocephalus, 335;
in tetanus, 335–6;
in epilepsy, 336–7;
in puerperal convulsions, 337–8;
in hysterical paralysis and contractions, 339–41;
in mania, 342;
in spasmodic pain, 342–3;
in frequent and long continued use of chloroform, 343–4
Medical cases, inhalation of ether in, 359–61;
in convulsions, 359–60;
in asthma, 360;
in hooping-cough, 360;
in consumption, 360;
in tetanus, 360–1;
in neuralgia, 361
Meggison, Dr., on a case of death from chloroform, 124
Meissner, A. G., sketches by, 8
Menstruation, use of chloroform during, 53
Mesmerism, presumed effects of, 9
Mice, white, experiments on, with chloroform, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67, 68
—— quickly affected by chloroform, 70
—— experiments on, with ether, 350–1;
with amylene, 386–7
Miller, Prof., on modes of administering chloroform in Edinburgh, 79
Modes of death in accidents from chloroform, 217
Monochlorurretted chloride of ethyle, 420–3
—— discovery and preparation of, 420
—— chemical and physical characters of, 420–1
—— supplied to author by Mr. Mason, _ib._
—— administration of, by author, as an anæsthetic, 421–2;
effects of, 421–3
—— quantity inhaled to produce insensibility, 421–3
Moore, Mr. James, on compression of nerves to deaden pain, 9
Morbid appearances in cases of death from chloroform, 229–30
Morton, Dr., first application of sulphuric ether by, for removal of
pain; his dispute with Dr. Jackson; his claims for priority, 16–18,
78
Morion, a kind of mandragora used before operations, 2
Mouth, operations in, under chloroform, 299–300
N.
Nævi, operations on, under chloroform, 289
Nails, evulsion of, under chloroform, 311
Narcotics, nature of, 35
Narcotism, degrees of, from chloroform, 35–43
—— amount of vapour of chloroform absorbed to cause the various degrees
of, 58–74
Necrosis, operations for, under chloroform, 278–9
Nerves of sensation, division of, under chloroform, 294–5
Nervous system, action of chloroform upon, 44–8
Neuralgia, inhalation of chloroform for relief of, 189, 329–30
—— treatment of, by ether, 361
Nose, operations on, under chloroform, 298–9
Nunn, Mr. Roger, on case of alleged death from ether, 365
O.
Operations, surgical, author’s experience of chloroform during,
271–318;
lithotomy 271–4;
lithotrity, 274–5;
stricture, 275–6;
amputation of thigh, 276–7;
amputation of leg, 277;
amputation of arm, 277–8;
amputation of ankle, 278;
amputations, other, _ib._;
for necrosis, 278–9;
excision of head of femur, 279;
excision of elbow, 279–30;
excision of knee, 280;
excision of wrist, _ib._;
for tumours of jaw, 280–7;
for other tumours, 287–9;
for nævi, 289;
ligature of arteries, 289–91;
tumour of bone, 291;
hare-lip, 291–3;
cancer of lip, 294;
division of nerves, 294–5;
on the eye, 295–8;
on the ear, 298;
on the nose, 298–9;
in the mouth, 299;
plastic operations, 300–1;
raising depressed skull, 301–2;
for ununited fracture, 302;
for dislocations, 303;
extension of stiff joints, _ib._;
tenotomy, _ib._;
strangulated hernia, 304–5;
hæmorrhoids and prolapsus, 305–7;
fissure of anus, 307–8;
fistula _in ano_, 308;
ovarian tumours, 308–9;
cancer of vagina, 310;
rupture of perineum, _ib._;
removal of testicle, 310–1;
phymosis, 311;
enlarged bursa, _ib._;
evulsion of nails, _ib._;
laryngotomy, 312;
extraction of teeth, 313–18
Operations, surgical, repetition of chloroform during, 97
_Operations fatal_ under chloroform, 120–200
—— of removing toe-nail, 123–7
—— of tooth extraction, 127–30
—— for fistula, 130, 132
—— of opening a sinus, 131–35
—— of removing middle finger, 135
—— of transcurrent cauterization of wrist, 135–6
—— intended, on great toe, 136
—— on rectum, 136–8
—— amputation of middle finger, 138–41
—— amputation of a toe, 141–2
—— for tooth extraction, 142–3
—— for onychia of great toe, 143–5
—— excision of eyeball, 145–6
—— of extraction of tooth, 146–147
—— intended, case not described, 147
—— for removal of portion of middle finger, 147–8
—— intended for hydrocele, 148–50
—— detection of vesical calculus, 150–1
—— for removal of portion of right hand, 151–2
—— amputation below the knee, 152–3
—— intended, on penis, 153–4
—— for removal of testicle, _ib._
—— of tooth extraction, 155–7
—— for removal of fæces from rectum, 157–8
—— on an aneurism, 158–60
—— intended extraction of tooth, 161
—— intended, for fistula _in ano_, 162–3
—— application of caustic to an ulcer, 163
—— removal of a tumour, 163–4
—— application of nitric acid to an ulcer, 165
—— removal of a tumour, _ib._;
of perineal section, 166–70
—— intended, for hernia, 170–72
—— application of actual cautery, 172–4
—— for extension of an anchylosed joint, 174
—— to remove a lipoma, 174–5
—— for reduction of a dislocation, 175–6
—— removal of uterine polypus, ditto, 176–7