Lecture Room in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrations of
Lectures in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. No experiments returned in 1878._
“Has always illustrated his lectures by experiments (2108); but believes
he was the first physiological lecturer in London who did so (2033).…
For purposes of experiment uses dogs, rabbits, guinea-pigs, and frogs
(2089-90); which are bought in the ordinary way at Leadenhall Market
(2101-4); during the season about 20 dogs and 10 rabbits are used
(2096).”--_Digest Ev. Roy. Com._, p. 19.
“Through an opening in the stomach of a dog, Bernard introduced, while
digestion was going on, the hind legs of a living frog. The legs were
dissolved away, the animal continuing all the while alive.… I have
repeated this experiment myself, and obtained a similar result.”… “I
performed an experiment, substituting the ear of a rabbit for the legs
of a frog.…. At the end of two hours the ear was withdrawn, and several
spots of erosion were observed on its surface, but nowhere was it eaten
through. On being replaced for another two-and-a-half hours, the tip
to the extent of about half or three-quarters of an inch was almost
completely removed, a small remnant of it only being left attached by a
narrow shred to the remainder of the ear.”--_Lancet_, No. 2,070.
=Pawlow, S.=, St. Petersburg.
Author of “Folgen der Unterbindung des Pancreasganges bei Kaninchen;”
“Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der Blutbahn,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol.
XX., p. 210, etc.
Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory at Breslau; also in the
Laboratory of Prof. Ustimowitsch at St. Petersburg.
“The _Journal of Anat. and Physiol._ for May, 1869, contains a short
communication by Prof. Rutherford relating to the action of the
section of the vagus on the blood pressure. According to Rutherford’s
experiments the results of section of the vagus depend upon the condition
of the alimentary canal; when the canal is full, the section of the
nerves occasions heightened pressure, whereas in starving animals
this operation causes no alteration in the blood pressure. Rutherford
thinks this phenomenon is caused by the depressory distention of the
intestinal vessels by the food contained in them. He supposes that the
sensory nerves ending in the vagus root are stimulated by the food. The
division of these ducts occasions a reflex narrowing of the vessels and
hence heightened pressure. This important hypothesis of Rutherford’s
(neither the amount nor the duration of blood pressure has been given,
nor the time of feeding, etc.), has, as far as we know, not been tested
experimentally, although the fact is often brought forward. This was the
chief incentive which prompted me to make the following experiments:--All
the experiments (twenty in all) were made exclusively on dogs, the
directions given by Rutherford being carefully followed. The animals were
immediately placed under the effects of curare.… The nervus vagi were cut
through one after the other … other sensory nerves (mostly the Nervus
dorsalis pedis) were cut.… The results of the experiments made by me in
this manner were, excepting in two cases, diametrically opposed to the
results described by Rutherford.”--_Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der
Blutbahn_, Pflüger’s _Archiv._, Vol. XX., p. 210.
=Pekelharing, C. A.= Prof. of Physiol., Utrecht Veterinary School,
formerly Prof. at Leyden Univ.
Author of “Ueber die Harnstoffbestimmung,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. II., p.
602; “Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Peptons,” Ibid., Vol. XXII., p. 185.
=Pellacani Paolo.= Prof. of Physiol. Univ. of Turin; formerly Prof. Univ.
Libera, Ferrara, and Modena.
Author of “De l’action physiologique de quelques substances sur les
muscles de la vessie des animaux et de l’homme,” Archives Ital. de Biol.,
Vol II., 1882.
Made experiments in the Pharm. Lab., Strasburg, also at Physiol. Lab.,
Turin, on the exposed bladders of dogs. The bladders were _sometimes_
“left in the abdominal cavity.”--_Arch. Ital._, Vol. II., p. 303. Also
experimented on the effects of curare and strychnine.
=Perroncito= (Prof.), Turin. Scuola Veterinaria.
Made experiments with the virus of anthrax on sheep and oxen.
=Peyrani= (Prof.), Parma University.
=Pflüger, Emil.= B. at Hanau, 1829. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Fac. Bonn
University, Geheim. Med. Rath.
Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre der Respiration” in “Archiv für die
gesammte Physiologie, 1875;” Editor of “Archiv für die gesammte
Physiologie des Menschen und des Thiers,” Bonn, 1868, etc.
=Picard, P.=, Lyons. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Faculty.
Made experiments on the action of morphine in dogs.--_Gaz. Med. de
Paris_, No. 12, p. 143.
=Pierret= (Mons.), Lyons. Prof. of Path. Anat. Med. Faculty.
=Pitres, A.=, Paris.
Author (jointly with M. F. Franck) of “Recherches graphiques sur les
mouvements simples et sur les convulsions provoquées par les excitations
du cerveau,” Travaux du lab. de M. Marey, 1878-79, p. 413.
Dogs trepanned, the brain stimulated, muscles of the paw dissected out,
eyelids hooked back to study the change of the diameter of the pupil
during electric stimulation of the brain.
=Platt, W. B.=, Baltimore. M.D. (Harvard), M.R.C.S. (Eng.).
Made experiments on the action of Resorcin on dogs, rabbits, and frogs.
“Exp. 3.--A black and tan male dog, weight 4,675 grammes, injected at
5.08 p.m. April 10th, 1882, with 1·5 grammes dissolved in distilled
water.… This is injected in 5 places beneath skin of abdomen.… Up to 5.24
very restless.… 5.29. Same, seems very unhappy, tremor of hind legs.
5.30. Back arched as he moves about; holds up left fore-paw high in
the air, quivering.… 5.44. Staggers, tumbles, steps about constantly.…
11th--Dog of yesterday seen at 3.20 p.m.… Drags hind legs after him, as
if paraplegic, with much difficulty manages to stand. A viscid saliva
drops from mouth.…. 3.40. Froths copiously at mouth; lies down as if
to sleep.… 6.14. Gasps, barks, foams at mouth, eyes glare, jaws snap.…
6.36. Struggles further, a violent spasm, head drawn back at right
angles to body, intermittent jerking of limbs.… 7.22. Dog appears almost
normal, with slightly rapid respiration. Still does notice noises or
objects; greatly exhausted; animal _now left_.” “12th.--At 6 a.m. animal
found dead after at least 26 hours.”--“_Observations on the Action of
Resorcin_,” _Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci._, Jan., 1883, p. 100.
=Piso-Borme= (Prof.), Cagliari University.
=Popoff, Leo.= Phys. and Prof. Univ. St. Petersburg.
Author of “Ueber die naturliche pathologische Injection der Gallengänge
und einige andere, nach der Unterbindung des Ductes choledochus bei
Thieren beobachtete pathologische Erscheinungen,” Virchow’s Archiv, Vol.
LXXXI. (1880), p. 524; “Ueber die Folgen der Unterbindung der Ureteren
und der Nierenarterien bei Thieren, im Zusammenhang mit einigen anderen
pathologischen Prozessen,” Ibid., Vol. LXXXII., p. 40.
Made experiments on rabbits and dogs.
=Pouchet, Félix Archimède.= Born at Rouen, 1800. Died at Rouen, 1872.
M.D. Paris, 1827; Prof. Nat. Hist. Museum of Rouen; Prof. Med. Sch.
Rouen, 1838; Member of several Learned Socs.
Author of “Histoire naturelle de la famille des Solanées,” Rouen,
1829; “Zoologie classique, ou Histoire naturelle du règne animal,”
1841; “Recherches sur l’anatomie et la physiologie des mollusques,”
1842; “Théorie positive de l’ovulation spontanée, et de la fécondation
des mammiferès et de l’espèce humaine, basée sur l’observation de
toute la série animale,” 1847; “Monographie des genre hérite,” 1847;
“Traité élémentaire de Botanique appliquée,” 1835; “Recherches sur les
organes de la circulation, de la digestion, et de la respiration des
animaux infusoires,” 1849; “Histoire naturelle et agricole du hanneton
et de sa larve,” Rouen, 1853; “Histoire des Sciences naturelles an
Moyen-Age,” 1853; “Hétérogénie, on Traité de la génération spontanée,”
1859; “Recherches et expériences sur les animaux ressuscitants,” 1859;
“Nouvelles expériences sur la génération spontanée et la résistance
vitale,” 1863; “L’Univers, les infiniment grands et les infiniments
petits,” 1865.
=Pouchet, Henri Ch. Georges=, Paris. (Son of the preceding.) B. at Rouen,
1833. M.D. Paris, 1864; Replaced Paul Bert at the Sorbonne in 1875; Prof.
Comp. Anat. Museum Nat. Hist., 1879; Prof. of Biological Chemistry,
Medical Faculty.
Author of “De la Pluralité des Races Humaines,” 1858; “Histologie
Humaine,” 1863, etc., etc.
Made experiments on the extirpation of the spleen in animals, fishes, and
pigeons; also with electricity on fishes.
=Power, D’Arcy=, 27, Gt. Cumberland Place, Hyde Park, W. B.A. Oxon.
(Exhib. in Nat. Sci. Exeter Coll., 1st class in Nat. Sci.), 1878; M.A.,
1881; M.B., 1882; M.R.C.S. Eng., 1882; (Oxon., St. Bartholomew, Vienna,
and Dub.); House Surg. (late Ophth. House Surg.) St. Barthol. Hosp.;
Asst. Demonst. of Physiol. St. Barthol. Hosp. Med. Sch., 1878-81.
Author of various articles in Quart. Micros. Journ., St. Barthol. Hosp.
Reps. &c.; joint author (with Dr. V. D. Harris) of “Handbook for the
Physiological Laboratory,” 1882.
=Power, Henry=, 37A, Great Cumberland Place, W. M.B. Lond. (Univ. Med.
Schol. in Surg. and Comp. Anat.), 1855: F.R.C.S. Eng., 1854; M., 1851
(St. Barthol.); Exhib. in Anat. and Physiol. Univ. Lond., 1852; Fell.
Roy. Med. Chir. Soc.; Mem. Path. Soc.; Mem. Counc. (late Arris and Gale
Lect. on Anat. and Physiol.) R.C.S. Eng.; Sen. Opth. Surg. and Lect. on
Opth. Surg. St. Barthol. Hosp.; Cons. Opth. Surg. St. Barthol. Hosp.,
Chatham; Exam. in Anat. and Phys. R.C.S. Eng.
Editor of 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th edit. of Dr. Carpenter’s “Principles
of Human Physiology,” 1864-69-76; “Illustrations of the Principle
Diseases of the Eye,” 1869; Transl. of “Stricker’s Manual of Human and
Comparative Histology,” New Syd. Soc. 1870; and of “Erb on the Diseases
of the Nervous System,” Ziemssen’s Cyclop.; Editor (with Dr. Sedgwick) of
“Mayne’s Expository Lexicon.”
Made experiments with Dr. Lauder Brunton on the diuretic action of
Digitalis.
=Preyer, Thierry William=, Jena University. Born at Manchester, 1841;
M.D. 1866 (Univs. Bonn, Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienna, and Paris); Prof.
Physiol. Jena, 1869, and Direct. of the Physiol. Instit.
Author of “Die Blausauere,” Bonn, 1868-70, “Reise nach Island im Sommer,”
1860; “Ueber die Aufgabe der Naturwissenschaft,” Jena, 1866; “Die
Empfindungen,” Berlin, 1867; “Der Kampf um das Dasein,” Bonn, 1868; “Die
Blutkrystalle,” Jena, 1871; “Ueber die Ursache des Schlafs,” Stuttgart,
1877; “Ueber die Grenzen der Tonwahrnehmung,” Jena, 1876; “Elemente der
reinen Empfindungslehre,” Jena, 1877; “Die Kataplexie und der thierische
hypnotismus,” Jena, 1878; “Akustische Untersuchungen,” Jena, 1879.
=Priestley, John.= Asst. Lect. in Physiol. Owen’s Coll., Manchester.
Author of “An Account of the Anatomy and Physiology of Batrachian
Lymph-Hearts,” “Journ. of Physiol.,” Vol. I., No. 1, p. 1.
Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory of Owen’s College,
Manchester; also jointly with Prof. A. Gamgee, on dogs, rabbits, and
frogs.
=Prudden, T. Mitchell.= M.D. Direct. of the Physiol. and Pathol. Lab. of
the Alumni Association of the Coll. Phys. and Surg., New York; Lect. on
Normal Hist. in Yale Med. Coll. Pathol. to the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hosp.
Author of “Action of Salicylic Acid upon Blood Cells,” Amer. Journ. of
Med. Sci. 1882, p. 64; “Rhabdomyoma of the Parotid Gland,” Ibid., 1883, p.
438; “Experimental Studies on the Transplantation of cartilage,” Ibid.,
1881, p. 360.
“Action (of Salicylic Acid) on the Circulation and Emigration.--This
was studied in the bladder and mesentery of the living curarized frog,
Thorm’s frog-plate being used as in the former experiments.”--_Amer.
Journ. of Med. Sci._, 1882, p. 67.
=Puglia, Guiseppe.= Prof. Classe Zoojatrice, Modena.
=Pugliatti, Guiseppe.= Prof. Messina University.
=Purser, John Mallet=, 3, Wilton Terrace, Dublin. M.D.T.C.D., 1874; M.B.,
1863; F.R.Q.C.P. Irel., 1876; L. and L.M., 1865; L.R.C.S.T., 1863; L.M.
Rot. Hosp. Dub., 1863; (Univ. Dub. and Carm. Sch.); Mem. Path.; Soc.
Dub., and Med. Soc. Coll. Phys.; Prof. of Insts. of Med. Sch. of Physic.
T.C. Dub.; Lect. on Physiol. Carm. Sch. of Med.
Contrib. papers to various journals.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Laboratory Medical College, Dr.
Steeven’s Hospital, Dublin, Physiological Laboratory, Carmichael School
of Medicine, and 212, Great Brunswick Street, Dublin, in 1878 and
1879; also in 1888, at Physiological Workroom, 3, Wilton Terrace. No
Experiments returned in 1878 and 1879._
“Considers that experiments on live animals are necessary for
demonstration, the greater number would be under anæsthetics (4793-99A),
but some painful ones on the sensitive nerves of warm-blooded animals are
desirable (4793-99A).”--_Digest Ev. Roy. Com._, London, 1876, p. 35.
=Putnam, James J.= M.D. Boston, United States.
Author of “Contribution to the Physiology of the Cortex Cerebri,” “Boston
Surgical and Med. Journ.,” 1874, No. 16.
=Pütz, H.= Prof. Extraord. Halle Univ.
Injected human tuberculous matter into horses. Results negative. Also fed
a calf on 3½ lbs. of tuberculous human lung, and kept it alive 170 days.
Results equally negative. Tuberculous matter injected into the lungs and
abdomen of calves.--_Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift_, 1882, No. 48, p. 652.
=Putzeys, Felix.= M.D. Liège.
Joint author (with Aug. Swan) of “Ueber die physiologische Wirkung des
Schefelsauren Guanidins,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XII., p. 597.
Experiments on frogs with guanidin. Spinal narrow cut, nervus ischiadicus
cut and stimulated, then guanidin injected. Frogs hung up by a string
through the chin and hind members dipped into guanidin. Heart exposed,
nervus vagus cut, and guanidin injected.
=Pye, Walter=, 4, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, W., and Thatched House
Club, St. James’s Street, S.W. F.R.C.S. Eng., 1878; M. 1876 (St.
Barthol.); Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc. and Med. Soc. Lond.; Mem. Harv. and
Ophth. Socs.; Lect. on Physiol. St. Mary’s Hosp. Med. Sch.; Asst. Surg.
Victoria Hosp. for Children; Anat. Asst. Mus. R.C.S. Eng., House Surg.
and House Phys. St. Barthol. Hosp.; Lect. on Physiol. St. Mary’s Hosp.
Med. Sch.
Contrib. to Philos. Trans., Practitioner, 1877, and other Med. Journs.
_Held a License for Vivisection at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical
School, 1878 and 1879. Certificate for Experiments without Anæsthetics
conjointly with Dr. Lauder Brunton in 1879. This Certificate not acted
upon. No experiments returned in 1878._
=Pye-Smith, Philip Henry=, 54, Harley Street, Cavendish Square, W. B.A.
Lond. (Hon.) 1858; M.D. (Gold Medal), 1864; M.B. (Hon.) 1863; F.R.C.P.
Lond., 1870; M. 1865 (Guy’s and Continental Schools); Exam. in Physiol.
Univ. Lond.; Sen. Asst. Phys. and Lect. on Physiology Guy’s Hosp.;
Secretary of the Association for the Advancement of Medicine by Research.
Author of “Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology,” Brit.
Ass., 1879; Report (with Dr. Brunton) on “Intestinal Secretion,” etc.,
etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Guy’s Hospital Museum Theatre and
Lecture Room in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrations of
Lectures in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates Dispensing with obligation
to kill in 1878-79-80-82-83. Certificates for Experiments on Cats, Dogs,
Horses, Mules, or Asses, in 1878. No experiments on Horses, Mules, or
Asses returned._
“Considers that the study of Physiology in its full sense is impossible
without vivisection.”--_Digest Ev. Roy. Com._, p. 19.
=Quincke, H.= B. 1834, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. Prof. Wurzburg, 1878;
afterwards Med. Councillor, Direct. of Clinic. at Kiel.
Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre vom Icterus,” Virchow’s Archiv, 1884, Vol.
V., Book i., p. 125.
Made experiments on dogs, rabbits, mice, and pigeons.
=Radcliffe, Chas. Bland=, 25, Cavendish Square, W. M.D. Lond., 1861;
M.B., 1845; F.R.C.P. Lond., 1858; L., 1848; Goulston Lect. 1860; Croon.
Lect. 1873; Censor. 1875-76; Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc.; Cons. Phys.
Westm. Hosp.
Author of “Proteus, or the Law of Nature;” “On Epilepsy, Pain, Paralysis,
and certain other Disorders of the Nervous System,” 1883; etc., etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at University College London, 1878.
Certificate Dispensing with obligation to kill, 1878._
=Rambaud= (Prof.), Rue de l’Hôtel-de-Ville, 77, Lyons. Prof. of Medicine
Med. Faculty.
=Ranvier, L.=, Boulevard Saint Michel, 105, Paris. Prof. of Anatomy Med.
Fac., College of France.
Author of “Recherches sur les éléments du sang,” Travaux du Laboratoire
d’histologie, 1875; “Leçons d’anatomie générale,” Paris, 1880.
=Ravaglia, Giuseppe= (Prof.), Bologna University.
=Raynaud, Maurice.= B. 1834; d. 1881; late Phys. at La Charité, Paris;
Agrégé of the Fac. of Med.; Mem. of Section of Med. Path. Acad. of Med.;
and Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Author of “De la transmissibilité de la rage de l’homme au lapin,” Compt.
Rend., Vol. LXXXIX. (1879), p. 714.
“M. Raynaud has communicated the results of experimental researches he
has made with M. Lannelongue on the transmission of rabies from man to
rabbits.… In a second series of experiments, inoculations have been made
with different liquids extracted from the tissues of the dead body.…
Finally, inoculations were made from rabbit to rabbit under the most
varied conditions; with the salivary glands, and the lymphatic ganglions;
death was the result. It remains to be seen whether the disease thus
communicated was really hydrophobia. MM. Colin, Dejardin-Baumetz, and
Pasteur think it was not. M. Raynaud, himself, only asserts the fact
weakly, as he draws attention to the absence of the period of excitement,
the short time of incubation, the extreme rapidity with which death
ensues; lastly, he mentions cases where inoculated animals have recovered
after a few days’ illness.… M. Gosselin thinks the surest method of
recognizing the disease would be by retransmission from the rabbit to the
dog.”--_Archives générales de Médecine_, Vol. I. (1881), p. 369.
=Redfern, Peter=, 4, Lower Orescent, Belfast, and Templepatrick House,
Donaghdee. M.B. Lond., 1844; M.D., 1847; M.R.C.S. Eng., 1843; F. (exam.)
1851; L.S.A., 1844; Corr. Mem. Soc. de Biol. Paris; Hon. Mem. Acad. Roy.
de Méd. de Belgique; Prof. of Anat. and Physiol. Qu. Coll. Belfast; Mem.
Senate and Exam. in Anat. and Physiol. Qu. Univ. Irel.; Exam. Anat. Univ.
Ireland; Lect. on Anat. and Physiol. and Exam. King’s Coll. Aberdeen.
Author of “Abnormal Nutrition in Articular Cartilages, with Experimental
Researches on the Lower Animals,” 1850, etc., etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Queen’s College Belfast Physiological
Laboratory in 1879-80-81-82-83. No experiments returned in 1882 and 1883._
=Régnault, Henri Victor.= B. at Aix-la-Chapelle, 1810; D. 1878. Studied
at the École Polytechnique; Engineer-in-Chief of Mines, 1847; Director
of the Porcelain Manufactory of Sèvres, 1854; Prof. of Physics, Collége
de France, and of Chemistry at the École Polytechnique, 1840; Member of
French Acad., 1840.
Author of “Cours élémentaire de Chimie.”
=Regnard, Paul=, Boulevard St. Michel, 46, Paris. Prof. of Physiol. La
Sorbonne.
Inventor (with Félix Jolyet) of a machine to study the modifications of
the products of respiration.--_Gaz. Med. de Paris_ (1877), p. 190-199.
=Reichert, C. B.= Prof. of Theoretical Hist. and Anat. Med. Fac. Univ.
Berlin.
Co-editor (with Du Bois-Reymond) of “Archiv. für Anatomie und
Physiologie.”
=Rémy, Charles=, Avenue Victoria, 18, Paris. M.D. Paris, 1878. Phys. La
Charité, formerly prosector of Med. Sch., Reims; Mem. Société Anatomique.
Author of “Développement des tissus cartilagineux et osseux,” Paris, 1880.
=Retzius, G.= Prof. of Med. at Stockholm.
Made experiments with chromacid, chromacid ammonia, etc., on the retina
of various animals--toads, hens, rabbits, oxen.
=Reymond.= (See Du Bois Reymond.)
=Richards, Vincent=, Goalundo, Bengal. F.R.C.S., Edin., 1882; M.R.C.S.,
Eng., 1863 (Guy’s); Mem. Asiat. Soc., Bengal; Civil Surg.; Superint.
Emigr., Calcutta Port; Surg. E.B.R.V.; Late Mem. Comm. for Investigat. of
Snake Poisoning.
Joint Author of “Report on Indian and Australian Snake Poisoning.”
Contrib. of “Cholera amongst Emigrants,” Ind. Med. Gaz., 1881,
“Experiments with Permanganate of Potash in Cobra Poisoning.”--_Ibid._,
1882, etc.
Has made experiments on pigs with cholera virus.--_Lancet_, May 3rd,
1884, p. 814.
=Richet, L. Alfred=, Laboratory of the Hôtel Dieu, Paris. M.D., 1844;
Res. Surg. Hosp. St. Louis, 1858; La Pitié, 1863; Hôtel Dieu, 1872; Prof.
Clin. Surg. Medical Faculty; Mem. Acad. of Med. 1865.
Author of “Traité pratique d’Anatomie Médico chirurgicale” 1850 and 1873;
Contrib. of numerous Articles to “Archives Générales de Médicine;” also
“Le Roi des Animaux,” “Revue des Deux Mondes, Tom. 55.”
M. Richet has found that strong and repeated electrical stimulation, will
cause, in rabbits and dogs, a tetanus comparable in its results to the
traumatic form.
“In the dogs the electricity employed was not sufficiently powerful to
arrest respiration, and death was due to the elevation of temperature.
The ascent of the thermometer was extremely rapid, so that after the
tetanus had lasted for half-an-hour, the lethal temperature of 111 or 112
F. was reached.… The proof that the increased body heat was the cause
of death was furnished by the fact that if the animal is kept cool by
artificial means it may bear for more than two hours extremely strong
currents, which cause severe tetanus without dying for some days. The
capacity for generating this great temperature under electrisation does
not disappear even after prolonged application, and it is not influenced
by previous fasting for two or three days.… Usually death occurs when
a temperature of 112° is attained, but in some cases it reached 112·5
and even 113·3. If the temperature did not rise above 110° death did
not ensue on the same or the following day; after this point however,
although death may not be immediate, it occurs within 24 hours.… At 111°
the breathing is so frequent that it is hardly possible to count it and
so feeble that scarcely any air enters the thorax.”--_Lancet_, September
17th, 1881, p. 515.
=Richet, Charles=, Rue Bonaparte, 5, Paris. B. at Paris 1850. M.D.,
Paris, 1877.
Author of “Recherches expérimentelles et cliniques sur la sensibilité,”
Paris, 1877.
Made experiments on fishes reported to the Acad. de Sciences, Oct. 24,
1881.
“Pain is a purely central phenomenon. It is a sensation that may exist,
even to intensity, without manifesting its presence by any external sign,
and consequently it is impossible to gauge it. All physiologists know
that during vivisection there is an entire dissimilarity in the manner
in which animals seem to suffer. Some remain motionless, the eyes fixed,
neither struggling nor moaning; they appear as if struck by stupor.
Others on the contrary groan and howl, never remaining a moment without
struggling or endeavouring to escape. Every incision that is made, every
laceration, every pull is instantly followed by a shock which interferes
with the result of the experiment.… I will point out, moreover, the fact
observed by the physiologists at Alport. The blood of the animals used
for operations is almost devoid of fibrine, like the blood of animals
that have been overworked. As regards dyspepsia and disorders of the
digestive functions which prolonged pain brings on, the phenomenon is
rather psychical than physiological, and pain acts similarly to grief
and privation.”--“_Recherches expérimentelles et cliniques sur la
sensibilité_,” _Collection de Thèses École de Médicine_, Paris, 1877, p.
255.
“When it is a question of scientific research one must act resolutely,
without considering the pain.”--Revue des deux Mondes, Feb. 15, 1883.