discontentedly when moved. Struggles with its limbs, chiefly the left,
but occasionally with the right. On testing the cutaneous sensibility
with the hot iron, reaction was decisive over the whole of the left
side, but quite abolished in the right. The animal occasionally opened
its right eye, but the left remained permanently closed. The animal
passed into a state of coma, and was found dead at 11.30 p.m. The
following experiment is a repetition of the last, and was only partially
successful.”--_Ibid._, p. 464.
“These ganglia (corpora quadrigemina) were subjected to experimentation
in the following seven cases, viz., V., VI., VIII., IX., X., XII., XIII.,
with the results:--
“V. In this case the exploration was not sufficiently definite, as the
exact position of the electrodes was not observed, and death occurred
before a more careful exploration could be made. The application of
the electrodes to the ganglia on the left side, caused the animal to
utter various barking, howling, or screaming sounds of an incongruous
character. The head was drawn back and to the right, and the right
angle of the mouth was strongly retracted while the stimulation
was kept up. The tail was raised and the limbs were thrown into
contortions, but nothing further was ascertained as the animal died from
hæmorrhage.”--_Ibid._, p. 429.
“Experiments on the lower animals, even on apes, often lead to
conclusions seriously at variance with well-established facts of clinical
and pathological observation.… The decisive settlement of such points
must depend mainly on careful clinical and pathological research.…
Experiments have led to different views in different hands.”--Ferrier
(_Functions of the Brain_, Preface).
“Physiological experiments conducted in these regions are most
indefinite. The usual plan of investigation, viz., that of applying
stimuli to the brain substance, leads either to negative results, or,
if electrical stimulation is used, to results which, owing to the
unavoidable dispersal of the currents in numerous directions, are not
sufficiently localised to form the basis for trustworthy conclusions. In
place of exact observations after section and stimulation of different
regions, we have here the far less refined method of observation after
lesions--lesions induced in the most delicate and complicated organ
of the body by means so absurdly rough that, as Ludwig has forcibly
put it, they may be compared to injuries to a watch by means of a
pistol-shot. The results obtained in this way are attributable to the
most diverse causes; for, apart from the fact that it is impossible to
localise the lesion itself, the results may be due to irritation of
centres, paralysis of centres, stimulation of conducting apparatus, or
paralysis of conducting apparatus, without our being able to say which.
Hence the interpretation of even those phenomena which are constant
in their occurrence is always uncertain. The third and best method of
investigation which is possible is the observation of cases of disease
in which the exact nature of the lesions is accurately ascertained after
death.”--_Hermann’s Human Physiology_, translated by Professor Gamgee,
London, 1878. (Chapter on the Functions of the Encephalon), p. 444.
=Fick, Adolf.= B. at Cassel, 1829. M.D., 1852, Extraordinary Prof., 1856,
and later, Prof. of Physiology in ordinary Univ. Zurich; Prof. Physiol.
at Wurzburg, 1868.
Author of “Die medicinische Physik,” Brunswick, 1857; “Compendium der
Physiologie des Menschen mit Einschluss der Entwickelungageschichte,”
Vienna, 1860; “Anatomie und Physiologie der Sinne,” Lahr, 1862; and
numerous papers on physiology which have appeared under the title
of “Arbeiten aus dem Physiologischen Laboratorium der Würzburger
Hochschule,” Wurzburg, 1874.
Made experiments on the influence of mechanical stimulation of the
cerebro-spinal organs described in “Arch. of Anat. Physiol., 1867,” p.
198.
=Filehne, Wilhelm=, M.D. Prof. Extraordinary Univ. of Erlangen.
Author of “Die Wirkungen des Amylnitrites,” Mueller’s Archives, 1879,
Physiol. Abtheil; “Ueber Apnoë und die Wirkung eines energischen
Kohlensäurestromes auf die Schleimhäute des Respirationsapparats und
ueber den Einfluss beider auf verschiedene Krampfformen,” Reichert u. du
Bois Reymond, Archiv für Anat. u. s. w. Jahrg. 1873, p. 361.
Made experiments in the Physiological Institute at Erlangen.
=Fiori, Andrea=, M.D. Assistant Prof. University, Modena.
=Fleming, William James=, 155, Bath Street, Glasgow. M.D. Glasgow, 1879;
M.B. 1872; F.F.P.S. Glasg., 1875; L. 1872; (Univs. Glasg. and Edin.);
Lect. on Physiol. Glasg. Roy. Infirm. School of Med.; Ext. Disp. Surg.
Roy. Infirm.; Exam. in Physiol. F.P.S. Glasg.
Contrib. “Behaviour of Carbolised Catgut inserted among Living Tissues,”
Lancet, 1876; “The Motions of the Brain” (with illust. graphic tracings),
Glasg. Med. Journ., 1877; “Physiology of the Turkish Bath,” Journ. Anat.
and Physiol., Vol. XIII.; “Pulse Dicrotism,” Ibid., Vol. XV.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Glasgow Royal Infirmary Medical
School in 1879-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrations of Lectures
in 1879-80-81-82-83. Certificates Dispensing with obligation to Kill
in 1880, Certificate for Experiments without Anæsthetics in 1882. No
Experiments returned in 1883._
=Flint, Austin.= B. Northampton, Mass., U.S., 1836; M.D., Jeff. Med.
Coll., 1857; Prof. Phys. Univ.; Buffalo, 1858; Professor of Physiology
and Microscopy, Bellevue Hosp.; Medical College, New York, and Long
Island College Hospital; Fell. New York Acad. of Med.; Resident Mem. of
Lyceum of Nat. Hist., New York, &c.
Author of “Physiology of Man,” 4 Vols., New York, 1866, etc.; Essay on
“The Excretory Function of the Liver,” which received the French Inst.
prize of 1,500 fr.; contrib. to “American Journ. of Med. Science,” etc.
“… For some years the author has been in the habit of employing
vivisections in public teachings.”--Preface to “_Physiology of Man_,”
Vol. I., p. 8.
“We have long been in the habit, in class demonstrations, of removing the
optic lobe on one side from a pigeon.… The experiment of dividing the
sympathetic in the neck, especially in rabbits, is so easily performed
that the phenomena observed by Bernard and Brown-Séquard have been
repeatedly verified. We have often done this in class demonstrations.”
“The cerebral lobes were removed from a young pigeon in the usual way,
an operation … which we practice yearly as a class demonstration.” “Our
own experiments, which have been very numerous during the last fifteen
years, are simply repetitions of those of Flourens, and the results have
been the same without exception.” We have frequently removed both kidneys
from dogs and when the operation is carefully performed the animals live
from three to five days.“--Dr. Flint’s _Report to the Medical Congress_,
August, 1881.
“It is not desirable to administer an anæsthetic, and it is much
more satisfactory to divide the nerve without etherising the animal,
as the evidence of pain is an important guide in this delicate
operation.”--_Text-Book_, p. 641.
Speaking of an experiment by which an animal was caused to vomit from a
pig’s bladder which had been substituted for a stomach, Dr. Flint says in
his “_Physiology of Man_,” Vol II., p. 300:--“These experiments were made
simply for class demonstrations, and have never before been published.”
=Flourens, Jean Pierre Marie.= B. at Thezan (Hérault), 1794, D. at
Mougeron, near Paris, 1867; M.D., Montpellier, 1813, pupil of De Candolle
and Cuvier; Prof. at the Jardin des Plantes; Mem. of Inst. of France;
Perpetual Sec. Acad. des Sciences; Mem. Academy of France; Commander Leg.
of Hon.; Mem. of principal Litt. and Scient. Socs. of Europe.
Author of “Analyse de la Philosophie Anatomique, où l’on considère plus
particulièrement l’influence qu’aura cet ouvrage sur l’état actuel de
la Physiologie,” Paris, 1819; “Recherches sur les fonctions du grand
sympathique,” 1823; “Recherches expérir mentales sur les propriétés et
les fonctions du système nerveux dans les animaux vertébrés,” Paris,
1824; “Expériences sur le système nerveux,” Paris, 1825; “Expériences
sur l’action de la moëlle épinière sur la circulation,” Paris, 1829; “De
l’instinct et de l’intelligence des animaux,” Paris, 1841; “Recherches
sur le développement des os et des dents,” Paris, 1842; “Mécanisme
de la respiration des poissons,” Paris, 1843; “Anatomie Générale
de la peau et des membranes Muqueuses,” Paris, 1843; “Examen de la
Phrénologie, réfutation des doctrines matérialistes de Gall, Spurzheim,
et Brouissais,” Paris, 1842; “Théorie expérimentale de la formation
des os,” Paris, 1847; “Nouvelles recherches touchant l’histoire de la
circulation du sang,” Journal des Savants, 1849; “De la longévité humaine
et de la quantité de vie sur la terre,” Paris, 1856; “De la vie et de
l’intelligence,” Paris, 1858; “De la raison du génie et de la folie,”
Paris, 1861; “Psychologie comparée,” Paris, 1864, and a great number of
contributions to the “Comptes rendus de l’acad. des Sciences.”
Made numerous experiments on ruminating animals, on rabbits, on the
brains of fishes, and on the semi-circular canals of the brains of ducks,
fowls, and pigeons.
“The description given by Flourens of the phenomena resulting from the
section of the semi-circular canals in rabbits, is almost entirely
inaccurate.”--Cyon, “_Fonctions des canaux semi-circulaires_,” Bibl. de
l’École des Hautes Études, Paris, 1879, p. 51, note 2.
“Flourens supported his bold hypothesis almost solely by experiments on
pigeons and other inferior animals. The few experiments on mammals, which
he mentions, are very meagrely described and of trifling value.”--Goltz,
“_Verrichtungen des Grosshirns_, p. 3.
“I heard M. Flourens, in one of his lectures, state the
following:--‘Majendie sacrificed 4,000 dogs to establish the distinctions
of the sensory and the motor nerves according to Charles Bell; then he
sacrificed 4,000 more dogs to prove that he had made a mistake. I,’ added
M. Flourens, ‘had to continue the experiments, and I have proved that
Majendie’s first opinion was correct; the reflex motions, which he did
not quite understand, had caused his doubts. To arrive at this result,
I also have had to sacrifice a great number of dogs.’”--Blatin, _Nos
Cruautés_, pp. 201-202.
=Foderholm, A.= M.D., Stockholm.
Made experiments on dogs and rabbits with carbon oxide.--_Scandinavian
Med. Archives_, 1874.
=Fortunatow, A.= Physiol. Inst., St. Petersburg.
Author of “Ueber die Fettresorption und histologische Structur der
Dünndarmzotten,” Pflüger’s Archiv., Vol. XIV., p. 285.
Experiments on the bile of frogs and lampreys.
=Foster, Michael=, Shelford, Cambridge. M.D. Lond., 1859; M.B., 1858;
B.A., 1854; M.R.C.S. Eng. 1857 (Univ. Coll.); LL.D. (Hon.), Glasg.; M.A.
(Hon.), Cantab.; F.R.S., F.C.S., F.L.S.; Fell. Univ. Coll., Lond.; Prof,
of Physiol. Univ. Camb.; Fell, and late Praelect. of Physiol. Trin.
Coll., Camb.; late Fuller Prof. Physiol. Roy. Inst., Great Britain; and
Prof. of Pract. Physiol. Univ. Coll., Lond. Member of the Assoc. for
Advancement of Medicine by Research.
Author of “Text Book of Physiology;” “Primer of Physiology;” joint author
of “Elements of Embryology;” “Handbook of Physiological Laboratory.”
Editor “Journ. of Physiol.” Contrib. Journ. Anat. and Physiol., Proc.
Roy. Soc., etc., etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Cambridge University Physiological
Laboratory New Museum, also unrestricted as to place in 1878-79-80-81-82.
Certificate for Illustrations of Lectures, also Two Certificates
dispensing with obligation to kill in 1878. No experiments returned._
=Fothergill, John Milner=, 110, Park Street, Grosvenor Square, W. M.D.
Edin., 1865; M.R.C.P. Lond., 1872; L.R.C.P. Edin., 1865; L.R.C.S. Edin.,
1865; (Univ. Edin., Vienna, and Berlin); Mem. Gen. Com. Univ. Edin.;
Assoc. Fell. Coll. Phys. Philadelphia; Phy. City of Lond. Hosp. for Dis.
of Chest; late Asst. Phys. W. Lond. Hosp.; formerly Sen. Res. Med. Off.
Leeds Dispensary.
Author of “Digitalis: its Mode of Action and its Use” (Hastings Prize
Essay British Med. Assoc.), 1870; “The Heart and its Diseases, with
their Treatment, including the Gouty Heart,” 2nd edit., 1879; “The
Practitioner’s Handbook of Treatment; or the Principles of Therapeutics,”
2nd edit., 1880; “The Antagonism of Therapeutic Agents, and what it
Teaches” (Fothergill Prize Essay, Med. Soc.), London, 1878; “Animal
Physiology,” 1881, etc., and numerous contribs. to _Lancet_, _Brit. Med.
Journal_, _Brain_, _Practitioner_, etc.
“Our object was to verify the assertions of several authors, but more
especially those of Fothergill, who asserts that digitalis occasions a
contraction of the small arteries; which he has noticed occurs in the
web of a frog’s foot. The experiments which I have made in connexion
with this fact have given negative results. With a view to observe this
action, I have often examined the webs of frogs’ feet for hours under
the microscope without succeeding in observing any change in the small
arteries.”--_Pflüger’s Archiv._, Vol. V., p. 168.
=Foulis, D.=, Glasgow. Lect. Path. Roy. Inf. Med. School; M.D.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Glasgow Royal Infirmary Medical
School in 1881. Certificate dispensing with obligation to kill, 1881. No
experiments returned._
=Fox, Wilson=, 67, Grosvenor Street, W. M.D. Lond., 1855; B.A., 1850;
F.R.C.P. Lond., 1866; (Univ. Coll.); F.R.S.; Phys. Extraordinary to H.
M. the Queen; Phys. in Ord. to their R. I. H. the Duke and Duchess of
Edinburgh; Fell. of Univ. Coll.; Holme Prof. Clin. Med. Univ. Coll.; and
Phys. Univ. Coll. Hosp.; Corr. Mem. Phys. Med. Gesellschaft, Warzburg.
Author of “Diseases of the Stomach;” “On the Artificial Production of
Tubercle” (Lect. R.C.P.), and various contrib. to Med. Chir. Trans.,
Phil. Trans., etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at University College, London, New
Physiological Theatre and Physiological Laboratory and Curator’s
Rooms, in 1882 and 1883; also same years a Certificate dispensing with
obligation to kill. No Experiments returned._
“It is not without historical interest that Dr. Wilson Fox has formally
confessed his belief in the fallacies of his former experiments, and
basing this opinion upon the results of a careful series of similar
investigations carried out, at his request, by Dr. Dawson Williams, in
Dr. Burdon-Sanderson’s laboratory, he has expressed his belief in the
specific nature of the tubercular virus. Dr. Fox has found, on repetition
of his former experiments, that any injury to rodents does not cause
tubercle, but that it is only produced by the inoculation of tubercular
material.”--_Brit. Med. Journ._, Dec. 29th, 1883, p. 1298.
“Wilson Fox operated on a considerable number of animals (117 guinea-pigs
and 12 rabbits), and he experimented with every variety of matter whether
tuberculous or not.”--_Arch. de Méd._, 1883, Vol. XI., p. 48.
=Fraenkel, Albert.= M.D.; Assistant at the Medical School and Private
Lecturer at the University, Berlin.
Contrib. to “Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift,” 1883, No. 37, and to
Allgem. Med. Central-Zeitung, 1883, Nos. 11 and 62.
Verified the experiments published by Paul Bert in his “Pression
barométrique.”
=Franck, François=, 5, Rue Saint-Philippe-du-Roule, Paris. Prof. Nat.
Hist. of Organic Bodies and Physiol., Coll. France.
Author of “Effet des excitations des nerfs sensibles sur le cœur et
la circulation artérielle, dans Travaux du Lab. de M. Marcy,” 1876;
“Recherches, expérimentales sur les effets cardiaques, vasculaires et
respiratoires des excitations douloureuses,” “Comptes rendus” l’Acad.
des Sci., 1876-1878. Contrib. Art. “De la Dissociation des filets irido
dilatateurs et des nerfs vasculaires au dessus du ganglion cervical
supérieur;” to Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 1878, p. 378, “experiments on dogs.”
Contrib. “Physiologie expérimentale: innervation du cœur,” Gaz. Hebdom.
No. 15, (1879), p. 230; No. 16, p. 246; No. 18, p. 277; No. 19, p. 295;
No. 21, p. 326; “Système Nerveux physiologie générale,” Dict. encyclop.
des Sciences Médicales, Paris, 1879; also various articles to Gazette
Médicale de Paris; Comptes rendus de la Soc. de Biol., and Journal de
l’Anat. et de Physiologie.
Inventor of an apparatus for submitting animals to rapid or slow
variations of temperature.--_Gaz. Méd. de Paris_, June 7th, 1879.
=Fraser, J. L.=, Edinburgh. M.D.; Lab. Vet. College, Clyde, Street;
Physiol. Class Room.
=Fraser, Thomas Richard=, 37, Melville Street, and University, Edinburgh.
M.D. Edin. (Thesis Gold Medallist), 1862; F.R.C.P. Edin., 1869; M. 1868;
(Edin.) F.R.S. Lond. & Edin.; Corr. Mem. Therap. Soc. Paris, etc. Prof.
of Mat. Med. and Clin. Med. Univ. Edin.
Contrib. “On the Physiological Action of the Calabar Bean:” Trans. Roy.
Soc. Edin. Vol. XXIV.; “An Investigation into some previously undescribed
Tetanic Systems produced by Atropia in cold blooded Animals,” etc., and
various other papers to Journ. Anat. and Physiol., Practitioner, etc.
_Held a License for Vivisection at University of Edinburgh, Materia
Medica Department, in 1878-79-81-82. Certificates for Experiments without
Anæsthetics, in 1878-79-81-82. Two Certificates for the same purpose in
1878. No experiments returned in 1878-81-82._
[In Return for 1881 entered as J. L. Fraser.]
=Fredericq, Léon.= M.D., Prof. in Ord. Univ. of Liège, Belgium.
Author of “Expériences sur l’innervation respiratoire;” Supp. Du Bois
Raymond’s Arch., 1883, p. 51; Contrib. to Du Bois Reymond’s Archives,
1883.
Experiments on the innervation of respiratory centres; also on the
effects of ice on the exposed spinal cord of rabbits. Has used dogs,
rabbits, and ducks for his experiments.
=Frerichs, Friedrich Theodor.= Born 1819, at Aurich. In 1838 studied
at Göttingen; 1842, practised medicine at Aurich, where he acquired
some renown as an oculist. Studied also at the Institutions of Prague,
Vienna, Holland, Belgium, and France. Private Prof. of Med. in Göttingen.
Director of the Academical Hospital, Kiel. Conducted two ambulance
hospitals during the Schleswig-Holstein War. Prof. of Pathology and
Therapeutics, Breslau, 1851. Professor of clinical medicine and director
of La Charité, Berlin, 1859; councillor and member of the Scientific
Deputation for medical affairs.
Author of “Ueber Gallert oder Colloidgeschwülste,” Göttingen, 1847;
“Ueber die Brightsche Nierenkrankheit,” Brunswick, 1857; “Klinik der
Leberkrankheiten,” Brunswick, 1859-62 (translated into French, English,
and Italian). Contrib. numerous articles to Liebig’s, Poggendorf’s, and
Wöhler’s Dictionaries of Chemistry, etc.
=Fritsch, Gustav Theodor.= M.D. B. at Kottbus, 1838. Studied in Berlin,
Breslau, and Heidelberg. Anat. Inst. Berlin, 1867. Extraordinary Prof.
same Univ., 1874.
Author of “Drei Jahre in Süd Afrika,” Breslau, 1868; “Ueber das
stereoskopische Sehen im Mikroskop,” Berlin, 1873; “Untersuchungen ueber
den feineren Bau des Fischgehirns mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der
Homologien bei anderen Wirbelthierklassen,” Berlin, 1878. Joint author
with E. Hitzig of “Ueber elektrische Erregbarkeit des Grosshirns,” in
Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. Wissensch. III., 1870, p. 300-332.
“By means of perfected electric apparatus G. Fritsch and E. Hitzig were
enabled to satisfy themselves that the surface of the brain in the rabbit
reacted under the influence of the electric current. They then made
a series of experiments on dogs, and published results which did not
perhaps attract sufficient attention, and which were in opposition to the
opinions till then accepted.”--_Art. “Cerveau,” Encyclopédie des Sciences
Médicales_, Vol. XIV., 1873, p. 210.
=Fubini, Simon.= B. 1841. M.D. Turin; Prof. of Physiol. Univ. of Turin;
Prof. Univ. Palermo.
Author of “Sulla Condrina, Osservazioni di Moleschott e Fubini,
Annotazione sopra la saliva parotidea e sopra il sudore;” “Gemelli
xiphoide juncti,” Giornale della R. Accademia di medicina, No. 1 e 2,
1878, &c. Editor of Turin Medical Gazette.
=Funke, Otto.= B. at Chemnitz, 1828. Studied Univ. Leipsig, 1846; Prof.
Physiol. Leipsig, 1854; Prof. Univ. Freiburg in Breslau, 1860; Mem.
Academy of Saxony.
Author of “Atlas der physiologischen Chemie,” Leipsig, 1858; last part
of “Günther’s Lehrbuch der Physiologie für Akademische Vorlesungen,”
Leipsig, 1870; “Lehrbuch der Physiologie,” Leipsig, 1880.
=Gamgee, Arthur=, Owen’s Coll., Manchester, and Oaklands, Bowdon,
Cheshire. M.D. Edin. (Thesis Gold Medallist), 1862; F.R.C.P. Edin., 1872;
M. 1871 (Edin.); F.R.S. London; Brackenbury Professor of Physiol. and
Histol. and Dean of Med. Department Owen’s College, Manchester; Exam. in
Physiol. Univ. London; late Lecturer on Physiol. Surg. Hall; Physician
Roy. Hosp. for Sick Children, and Sen. Pres. Roy. Med. Soc. Edin.; Mem.
Assoc. for Advancement of Medicine by Research.
Author of “A Text Book of the Physiological Chemistry of the Animal
Body,” 1880; Translator and Editor “Hermann’s Elementary Human
Physiology;” Joint Editor Journ. of Physiol., Cambridge; also of numerous
Papers in various Journs. and Trans. of Learned Socs.
_Held a License for Vivisection at Owen’s College, Manchester, in
1878-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrations of Lectures in 1881-82-83.
Certificates for Experiments without Anæsthetics and for Experiments on
Cats, Dogs, Horses, Mules or Asses in 1878. No Experiments returned in
1881. No Experiments on Horses, Mules or Asses._
“(Q. 5412.) (Viscount Cardwell.) You are of opinion that in inflicting
operations, in themselves very painful, upon living animals, curare ought
not to be trusted as taking away sensibility to pain? I should think
not. I would add this: I do not believe that physiologists use it for
that purpose. It is used in order to eliminate a series of fallacies
which obtrude themselves in physiological experiments.”--_Ev. Roy. Com._,
London, 1876.
“Nor was I guilty of the want of taste and judgment with which she
(Miss Cobbe) taunts me and English physiologists in general, of
exonerating themselves at the expense of their continental confrères.
‘Unquestionably’ I said ‘there have been brutal things done by
physiologists, _never_ as far as I am aware by English and _very rarely_
by continental physiologists.’”--_Manchester Guardian_, Feb. 13, 1883.
=Gaskell, W. H.=, Cambridge. M.A., M.D.
Author of “On the Vasomotor Nerves of Striated Muscles,” Studies of the
Physiol. Lab. Univ. Cambridge, p. 132.
_Held a License for Vivisection at University Cambridge Physiological
Laboratory New Museum in 1879-80-81-82-83. No Experiments returned in
1880-81 and 1882._
“15th February, 1878.--Terrier bitch, quite young, weighs 7½ kilogrammes
(about 16½ lbs.). Extensor vein prepared on both sides; ligature
placed under left crural nerve. Morphia and curare given. Artificial
respiration.” &c.
“31st January, 1878.--Dog, weight 8 kilogrammes (about 17⅔ lbs.). Morphia
and curare. Artificial respiration. Right extensor vein and right crural
nerve prepared.” &c.
“20th February, 1878.--Terrier bitch, weight 6¼ kilo (about 13¾ lbs.).
Morphia given. Left extensor vein prepared, and left crural nerve cut
and ligatured at 4.2 p.m. Between 3.40 and 4.7 p.m., 0·015 grms. curare
were injected into jugular vein; artificial respiration.” &c.
“February 18, 1878.--Large sheep dog, weight 20·5 kilo, (about 45¼ lbs.).
Morphia given, 0·075 grms. curare, injected into jugular vein. Abdomen
opened in middle line, and left abdominal sympathetic trunk cut and
ligatured about the fourth lumbar ganglion.” &c.