think, this must be the same, or a strong variety of his G. florabundus;
but, as his trivial name and specific character so ill accord with our
plant, we have continued it under that, by which it was sent to England
in 1788. It is a very free blowing bulb, and will live through the
winter, with very little protection; flowering about June or July, and
does not require to be removed from the pot, to prevent its rotting. Our
drawing was taken in June this year, at the Hammersmith Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXIX.
STRUTHIOLA OVATA.
_Oval-leaved Struthiola._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
_See Struthiola imbricata, Pl. CXIII. Vol. II._
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
PERIANTHIUM diphyllum. Corolla tubulosa 4-fida; nectarium, glandulæ
octo fauci circumpositæ. Sem. 1. subbaccatum.
CUP two-leaved. Blossom tubular, 4-cleft; honey-cup, 8 glands
placed round the mouth of the blossom. One seed like a berry.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Struthiola foliis ovatis, glabris; ramis glabris, rugosis.
Struthiola with egg-shaped, smooth leaves; branches smooth and
wrinkled.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom, complete.
2. The Empalement, magnified.
3. The Blossom cut open, with the Chives attached, magnified.
4. The Pointal and seed-bud, magnified.
This species of Struthiola is described by Thunberg, in his Prodromus,
under the specific title it here bears, and was first introduced to us
in the year 1794, in seeds received from the Cape of Good Hope, by
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. It is a very tender greenhouse
plant, and very subject to be destroyed by damps, or too much moisture,
even in summer; the flowers, (as are most of this natural order,) are
extremely fragrant and continue in full perfection from March till June.
The mode of propagation is by cuttings, made in May, which should be
placed under a hand-glass in a pot of light loam, and shaded from the
mid-day sun. It thrives best in a mixture of half peat and half loam.
The drawing was made in the spring of 1798, from a plant in the
Hibbertian Collection, Clapham; then in flower, for the first time in
England.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXX.
FUCHSIA LYCIOIDES.
_Box Thorn-like Fuchsia._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum. Infundibuliforme, coloratura,
superum marcescens; limbus quadripartitus.
COROLLA. Petala quatuor, sessilia, ore calycis inserta.
STAMINA. Filamenta octo, inæqualia, filiformia, erecta, tubo
calycis inserta. Antheræ ovatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inserum, ovatum. Stylus filiformis, erectus,
longitudine staminum. Stigma tuberculatum.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca carnosa, ovata, quadri-locularis.
SEMINA plura, parva, receptaculo columnari affixa.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, funnel-shaped, coloured, above and
withering; border four divisions.
BLOSSOM. Four petals, sitting close on the mouth of the cup, into
which they are inserted.
CHIVES. Eight threads, unequal, thread-shaped, upright, fixed into
the tube of the cup. Tips egg-shaped.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, egg-shaped. Shaft thread-shaped,
upright, the length of the chives. Summit composed of small knobs.
SEED-VESSEL. A fleshy berry, egg-shaped, and four valves.
SEEDS many, small, affixed to a pillar-shaped receptacle.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Fuchsia foliis ovatis undulatis, subternis; pedunculis unifloris,
axillaribus; laciniis calycis reflexis.
Fuchsia with egg-shaped leaves, waved, and growing mostly by
threes; foot-stalks with one flower growing from the insertion of
the leaf, the segments of the cup reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower cut open, to expose the insertion of petals and chives into the cup.
2. The Pointal, complete.
3. A ripe berry, natural size.
No plant perhaps ever excited such universal admiration, as the Scarlet
Fuchsia; wherefore, the addition of a second species to our collections,
of so fine a Genus, must be considered as a very agreeable acquisition.
The Box Thorn-like Fuchsia, is a native of the North-west coast of
America; and was first brought to England, in the year 1796: it is
certainly, much more tender than the Scarlet Fuchsia, as the plant
constantly perishes, as low as to the earth, if not preserved in the
hothouse; but whether it is herbaceous the root surviving, we have not
sufficient experience to determine. The increase is certain and easy, if
cuttings are made, from the young shoots, early in March, and plunged in
a hotbed, or in the bark of the hothouse, six or eight in a pot; from
which they may be removed, about June, into large pots for flowering,
which will be from August till November. Loam, with a small portion of
rotten dung, is the soil it most approves.
The specific title we have adopted, is from the very great resemblance
the plant bears to Lycium afrum, or the Box-Thorn; although we have some
doubts, whether this species may not be the F. triphylla of Father
Plumier. But as the F. coccinea, as well as this plant, has frequently
the leaves growing by threes; we thought that, as it as yet had no
specific title with us, the character of the plant would be best
distinguished, by the name we have chosen.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXI.
GERANIUM CORTUSÆFOLIUM.
_Cortusa-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. System. Veg._ 1781.
_MONODELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
One POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis cordatis, sublobatis, serratis, tomentoso-sericeis;
petiolis longissimis, erectis; floribus umbellatis, odoratissimis,
stipulis subulatis; caule robusto, subcarnoso.
Geranium with heart-shaped leaves, slightly lobed, sawed, and
covered with a downy pile; footstalks very long and upright;
flowers grow in umbels, and are very sweet scented; leaf-props awl
shaped; stem stout, and rather fleshy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement cut open.
2. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
3. The same, magnified.
4. The Chives cut open, magnified.
5. The Seed-bud, and Pointal, magnified.
The Cortusa-leaved Geranium is a tender plant, seldom growing to more
than a foot in height; producing its blossoms, which are extremely
fragrant, in erect bunches, from the summit of the branches, and must be
protected, through the depth of winter, in the hothouse. The propagation
is both slow and difficult, as it rarely perfects any seeds, and forms
but few branches. The cuttings when taken off, which ought to be done
about the end of May, should be exposed to the sun, till the part where
cut has formed a tough coat over the wound, which will take place in two
or three days; when they will not be so subject to rot from the moisture
of the earth, as if planted when just taken from the plant. These
instructions are necessary to be observed, in the propagation of all the
thick-stemmed Geraniums, by cuttings. A mixture of sandy peat, with a
small quantity of old rotten dung, will prove the best compost for
preserving this plant. Our drawing was taken this year, in July, at the
Hammersmith nursery. A mistake has arisen with regard to the name of
this species of Geranium; which was evidently not known to any botanist,
antecedent to its being brought to England in 1786 by Mr. A. Hove, a
native of Poland, from the south west coast of Africa, and found by him
in about the 23d degree of south latitude. Professor Martyn, in his new
edition of Miller’s Dictionary, article Pelargonium 43, has taken for
granted that this is the plant designed by Professor Jacquin, where he
treats of G. cortusæfolium; giving the G. tabulare of Burman, Linnæus,
&c. as synonymous to it; but undoubtedly, no such intention could be in
the Professor, as the uniting these two plants, which are so entirely
dissimilar; but only an unfortunate inclination to alter an old
established name, for one, which he conceived more appropriate to a well
known, common species; whence the confusion; the constant consequence of
such useless alterations, whether generic or specific.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXII.
GLADIOLUS GALEATUS.
_Helmet-flowered Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ALATUS, Vol. I. Pl. VIII.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis sub-ovatis, costatis, mucronatis; spathis
carianatis, tubo longioribus; lacinia summa concava, sub-erecta.
Gladiolus with leaves nearly egg-shaped, ribbed, and pointed at the
ends; sheaths keeled, and longer than the tube of the blossom; the
upper segment concave, and almost upright.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.
2. The Chives, with part of the tube of the Blossom, to which they are attached.
3. The Pointal and seed-bud.
We are certainly led to think with Thunberg, that this plant is not a
species, but a very singular and beautiful variety, of G. alatus, of
which we have seen above six or seven. Nevertheless, upon the authority
of Prof. Jacquin, who in his Icones 2. tab. 258, has figured it under
this name specifically; and as it has been continued as such, by the
accurately discriminating and indefatigable Willdenow; (to whose
labours, all lovers of the science are so much indebted, for his
invaluable, and copious new Edition of the Species plantarum,) we have
thought it but right to acquiesce, without alteration in the name
adopted by them. For the management of this plant we must refer our
readers to the G. alatus, Pl. VIII. Vol. I. of this work.
The Helmet-flowered Gladiolus was not seen in England, till the spring
of the year 1800; when the roots were received at Clapham, from the Cape
of Good Hope, sent by the Collector there, for the Hibbertian
collection, amongst an infinite number of others; many having flowered
this year, of which we have drawings, by permission of the proprietor,
and are destined to enrich the Bot. Rep. being perfectly new to this
country. The figure of this plant was taken in August, but the regular
season of its flowering, must be much earlier (if planted with the other
Cape bulbs in October,) that is to say, about the month of May or June.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXIII.
THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS.
_Twining Thunbergia._
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium duplex; _exterius_, diphyllum, foliolis ovatis,
concavis, longitudine fere tubi; _interius_, monophyllum,
multipartitum, laciniis circiter duodecim, subulatis, perianthio
exteriori triplo brevioribus.
COROLLA monopetala; tubus sensim ampliatus; limbus quinquefidus;
laciniis æqualibus, ovatis, obtusissimis, tubo triplo brevioribus.
STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, tubo supra basin inserta, inæqualia;
duobus inferioribus brevioribus; duobus superioribus tubo breviora.
Antheræ ovatæ, adnatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen superum. Stylus filiformis, tubo paullo brevior,
erectus. Stigma bilobum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula globosa, rostrata, glabra, bilocularis,
longitudinaliter dehiscens; rostrum compressum, sulcatum, lineare,
obtusum; dissepimentum obovatum, emarginatum, sub apice foramine
perforatum, lateribus membranaceum, persistens.
SEMINA in singulo loculamento bina, reniformia, rugosa, hinc
convexa, inde concava sulco longitudinali.
EMPALEMENT. Cup double; the _outer one_ two-leaved; leaflets
egg-shaped and concave, nearly the length of the tube; the _inner_
one-leaved, many divisions, the segments about twelve, awl-shaped,
thrice as short as the outer cup.
BLOSSOM, one petal; tube widening gradually; border five-cleft;
segments equal, egg-shaped, very blunt, three times as short as the
tube.
CHIVES. Four threads, fixed into the lower part of the tube,
unequal; the two lower-most the shortest; the two uppermost shorter
than the tube. Tips egg-shape, pressed to the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud above. Shaft thread-shape, a little shorter than
the tube, and upright. Summit two lobed.
SEED-VESSEL globular, beaked, smooth, two celled, and splits
longitudinally; beak flattened, awl-shaped, linear, and blunt;
partition inversely egg-shaped, notched at the end, pierced with a
hole at the top, skinny at the edges, and remaining.
SEEDS two in each cell, kidney-shaped, rough, convex on one side,
and concave on the other by a longitudinal furrow.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Thunbergia foliis ovato-acuminatis, sub-dentatis; corolla alba,
hypocrateriformis, tubo compresso; caule volubili.
Thunbergia with egg-shaped, tapering leaves, a little toothed;
blossom white, salver-shaped, the tube flattened; stem twining.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The outer cup of the Empalement.
2. The inner cup of the same, magnified.
3. A Blossom cut open, to shew the situation of the Chives.
4. The Shaft and Summit, natural size.
5. The Seed-bud, magnified.
6. A ripe Capsule.
7. A ripe Seed.
The Thunbergia, here figured, is a native of the East Indies, from the
Coromandel coast; was introduced to Britain in the year 1796, at the
same time with the Ixora pavetta, by the Hon. Lady Dowager De Clifford.
It is easily propagated, by cuttings, or from the seeds, which ripen
with us: it should be kept in light, rich earth in the hothouse; where
it will flower from May, till September; in which month this year our
drawing was taken at Kensington Gore from a plant in the collection of
James Vere, Esq. But although Dr. Roxburgh’s reason for adopting the
specific character he has given it, that the place where it grows is
sweet scented, though the plant is not, seems rather a little strained,
we have not thought it right to alter it; as unquestionably, any name
would have been equally appropriate, since neither the flowers, or any
part of the plant, root or branch, has the least scent.
The plant from which this genus was originally formed by the younger
Linnæus in his Sup. Plant. P. 46, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope;
and we have our doubts, whether this plant ought to be placed with it;
for although it accords in the essential character, of a double cup, the
only one thought necessary, by Linnæus, to divide it from Barleria; yet,
from the number of parts in which it differs from his generic character,
such as the shape of the blossom, the length of the pointal, the
situation and shape of the chives, the very different shape of the
seeds, &c. we are led to think, it ought to be considered as a distinct
Genus. But in following such good authority as the able and learned Dr.
Roxburg, it is to be hoped, we shall stand excused in continuing the
same name he has assigned it, without alteration at least, if not
without comment.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXIV.
HELICONIA PSITTACORUM.
_Parrot-billed Heliconia._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Spathæ communes partialesque alternæ, distinctæ,
persistentes.
Perianthium nullum.
COROLLA. Petala tria, oblonga, canaliculata, erecta, acuta,
æqualia.
_Nectarium_ diphyllum; foliolo altero petalis subæquali; altero
brevissimo, canaliculato, uncinato, opposito.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, linearia. Antheræ erectæ, longæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, triquetrum. Stylus staminibus fere
brevior. Stigma longum, gracile, curvatum, capitulo terminali.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, truncata, triquetra, trilocularis,
trivalvis.
SEMINA solitaria, oblonga.
CALYX. Sheaths common and partial alternate, distinct, remaining.
Cup none.
BLOSSOM. Petals three, oblong, channelled, upright, pointed, equal.
_Honeycup_ two leaved; one leaflet nearly the length of the petals;
the other very short, channelled, hooked and opposite to the
larger.
CHIVES. Five threads, linear. Tips upright and long.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, three-sided. Shaft scarcely shorter than
the chives. Summit long, slender, curved, and terminating in a
small head.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, appearing cut off at the end,
three-sided, three cells, three valves.
SEEDS solitary, oblong.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Heliconia. Foliis glaberrimis, lanceolatis; inflorescentia
glaberrima; spadice terminali flexuoso; spathis multifloris,
marginibus revolutis; nectario lanceolato, concavo, integro.
Heliconia with very smooth, lance-shaped leaves; the inflorescence
quite smooth; stem terminating in a zig-zag form; sheaths
containing many flowers and rolled back; honey-cup lance-shaped,
concave, and entire.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Blossom, with the three petals detached from the upper part of the Honey-cup, which is
shewn in front with the smaller leaf inclosed within the larger.
2. The Chives, with the lower part of the Honey-cup, to shew their insertion at its base, and
the smaller leaf of the Honey-cup in its place.
3. The smaller leaf of the Honey-cup, magnified.
4. The Shaft and Summit, the Summit detached magnified.
5. The Seed-bud, natural size.
6. The Seed-bud cut transversely, magnified.
The Parrot-billed Heliconia, a native of the continent of South America,
as well as most of the West India Islands, was first received, in
plants, from the island of St. Vincents, in the year 1797, by Thomas
Evans, Esq. of Stepney; in whose collection it first flowered, in
September 1798, when our drawing was taken. This plant requires a
considerable degree of moisture and heat, as well as much root room and
rich earth, to make it flower in perfection; as it seldom opens its
blossoms freely without such treatment, and even with such assistance,
they are to be seen but for a few hours in that state. It propagates
from the roots, throwing up a number of suckers from the joints, which
are formed at a considerable distance from the plant. The younger
Linnæus in his Sup. Plant. of 1781, p. 158, has described this plant
under our specific title, but different in some few points; which appear
to arise more from his ideas of the various parts, than from any real
difference in the plant itself. Swartz in his Obs. 98, gives sheaths to
his plant, which Linnæus, we presume, denominates flower stem leaves,
&c. yet we have no doubt, but they have both described the same plant;
and perfectly agree with Willdenow and Martyn, that the H. psittacorum
of both authors is the same, and have as little of this being the
plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXV.
VACCINIUM PARVIFLORUM.
_Small flowered Whortle-berry._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX superus. Corolla monopetala.
FILAMENTA receptacula inserta. Bacca quadrilocularis, polysperma.
CUP superior. Blossom one petal.
THREADS fixed to the receptacle. A berry with four cells, and many
seeds.
See VACCINIUM ARCTOSTAPHYLLOS, Pl. XXX. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Vaccinium foliis lanceolatis, undulatis, venosis; floribus
racemosis; pedunculis longissimis, bracteatis; corolla conica,
striata. Stamina decem.
Whortle-berry, with lance-shaped, waved, and veined leaves; flowers
grow in long bunches; foot stalks of the flowers very long, having
floral leaves; blossom cone-shaped, and streaked. Ten Chives.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom.
2. The Chives magnified.
3. The Seed-bud, Cup, and Pointal, the Summit detached, magnified.
This species of Whortle-berry was first brought, from North America, in
the year 1784. It is one of those with ten chives, &c. and of the same
nature with those we have already figured; for its treatment, and
increase, we must therefore refer our readers to V. formosum, Pl. XCVII.
Vol. II. The drawing was taken in May 1799, at the Hammersmith nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXVI.
HIBBERTIA VOLUBILIS.
_Twining Hibbertia._
CLASS XIII. ORDER V.
_POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Many Chives. Five Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum; foliolis coriaceis, sub-ovatis,
concavis, acutis, persistentibus.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, obcordata, calyce longiora.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, filiformia, receptaculo
fructificationis inserta. Antheræ lineares, erectæ, emarginatæ.
PISTILLA. Germina quinque, ovato-oblonga, desinentia in stylos
flexuosos, longitudine fere staminum. Stigmata simplicia, apice
concava. Corpusculum subulatum, membranaceum in medio germinum,
eorumque longitudine.
PERICARPIUM. Capsulæ quinque ovatæ, trigonæ, uniloculares,
distinctæ.
SEMINA plurima, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five leaves; leaflets tough, nearly egg-shaped,
concave, sharp, and remaining.
BLOSSOM. Five petals, inversely heart-shaped, longer than the cup.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, thread-shaped, fixed into the receptacle
of the fructification. Tips linear, upright, notched at the ends.
POINTALS. Five seed-buds, between oblong and egg-shaped,
terminating in zig-zagged shafts, nearly the length of the chives.
Summits, simple, and hollowed at the top. A small awl-shaped,
skinny substance in the middle of the seed-buds, and of their
length.
SEED-VESSEL. Five capsules, egg-shaped, three-sided, one celled,
and distinct.
SEEDS many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hibbertia foliis obtuse-serratis, obovato-lanceolatis, floribus
solitariis, sessilibus, fœtidissimus.
Hibbertia with obtusely sawed leaves, between lance and inversely
egg-shaped; flowers grow solitary, sitting close on the stem; very
fœtid.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A leaf of the blossom.
3. The Chives and Pointals.
4. One Chive, magnified.
5. Pointals apart, as they stand in the center of Chives.
6. The Pointals spread open, with the skinny substance which stands in their center.
7. One of the Pointals, magnified.
8. A Seed-bud, cut transversely.
9. A half ripe seed, magnified.
The Hibbertia volubilis, (as are the three species of which we have seen
specimens,) is from New Holland, near Port Jackson; was raised from
seeds in many different collections near London in the year 1792. It is
a hardy green-house plant, and makes a very handsome climber, for
trellis, or pillars in a conservatory. Its growth is very rapid, and its
flowers which are very brilliant and specious, continue in succession
from May till September. The increase is certain and easy from cuttings,
made in the month of May, and placed on a gentle hotbed, or plunged in
the bark-bed of the hothouse. It delights in a light sandy peat soil.
Our drawing was made from a plant, in the collection of the Hon. Lady
Dowager De Clifford, Paddington.
As hitherto this tribe of Plants has not been given to the public by any
truly established name; (the different species having been erroneously
titled Dillenias, which have many pointals,) and as we find it to
differ, from any yet described Genus, we have named it after G. Hibbert,
Esq. of Clapham Common, Surry; whose knowledge and fervor in botanical
pursuits, as well as liberality in his endeavours to enrich our
collections, from every quarter of the globe, but especially from the
Cape of Good Hope, has not been exceeded by any; and we are well
assured, no name deserves a place, on botanical record, more than that
of HIBBERT.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXVII.
JASMINUM GRACILE.
_Slender-stemmed Jasmine._
CLASS II. ORDER I.
_DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, oblongum; ore
quinquedentato, erecto; persistens.
COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis; tubus cylindraccus, longus;
limbus quinquepartitus, planus.
STAMINA. Filamenta duo, brevia. Antheræ parvæ, intra tubum corollæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylos filiformis, longitudine
staminum. Stigma bifidum.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca ovalis, glabra, bilocularis seu bicapsularis.
SEMINA duo, magna, ovato-oblonga, arillata, hinc convexa, inde
plana.