simplex, in aliis dicocca.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaved, tubular, oblong; five-toothed at the
mouth, and upright; remaining.
BLOSSOM, one petal, salver-shaped; tube cylindrical, long; border
five divisions, flat.
CHIVES. Threads two, short. Tips small, within the tube of the
blossom.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the
chives. Summit two-cleft.
SEED-VESSEL. Berry oval, smooth, two-celled or two-capsuled.
SEEDS two, large, oblong egg-shaped, each in its proper seed-coat,
convex on one side, and flat on the other.
_Obs._ The flower varies in its character of tapering to a point,
or in being blunt-ended. In some the berry is simple, in others
double-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Jasminum petiolis foliorum geniculatis; foliis ovatis, oppositis,
nitidis, simplicibus; floribus umbellatis; laciniis corollæ
obtusis, undulatis.
Jasmine with the foot-stalks of the leaves jointed; egg-shaped
leaves, growing opposite, shining and simple; flowers grow in
umbels; the segments of the blossom are blunt and waved.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. A Blossom spread open, to expose the situation of the Chives.
3. The Shaft and Summit.
4. A ripe Berry.
5. The same cut transversely, to shew the cells and seeds.
The plant here figured, we consider as a distinct species from the J.
simplicifolium of Forster, which he describes as a native of the
Friendly Isles, in the South Seas; and likewise from the J. oblongum of
Burman, which is given (but with a query) as a synonim to the J.
simplicifolium of the former Author by Willdenow, in his Sp. Plant. p.
38, Part I. In the year 1792, the seeds of this plant were received by
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, with the Bignonia pandorana, and
many others, communicated by Colonel Paterson, then commanding a
detachment stationed for a time on Norfolk Island, where it is native.
To the green-house it is a considerable acquisition, either for a
climber, or otherwise, as it is rarely without blossoms from July, till
the end of November; being rather more tender than many of its
congeners, which are in general destined to that station; it should be
placed as nigh the flue, in as dry and airy a part of it as possible. A
light, sandy peat soil, without mixture, is the most congenial to its
growth; and it is increased by cuttings, made in the month of March,
put, from 12 to 20, according to the size of the pot, under a small
bell-glass, in the before-named earth, and plunged either in the
bark-bed of the hot-house, or in the heat of a common hot-bed.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXVIII.
IXIA POLYSTACHIA. _Var. incarnata._
_Many-spiked Ixia. Var. flesh-colour._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis.
STAMINA tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6-petals, spreading, equal.
SUMMITS three, nearly upright and spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA, Pl. XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis linearibus; scapo spicis pluribus; corollæ laciniis
subreflexis, incarnatis.
Ixia with linear leaves; flower-stem with many spikes of flowers;
segments of the blossom a little bent backwards, and
flesh-coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two Sheaths of the Empalement.
2. A Blossom spread open.
3. The Pointal natural size, with one of the Summits detached, and magnified.
This fine variety of the Many-spiked Ixia was introduced to our
collections from the Cape of Good Hope, about the year 1795, with the
Reflex-flowered Ixia and many others, in bulbs, communicated by J.
Pringle, Esq. to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith; where our drawing
was taken in April 1799. No particular care is required, for the culture
or increase of this, other, than what is required for the generality of
Cape Ixias.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXIX.
GLORIOSA SUPERBA.
_Superb Gloriosa._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala sex, oblongo-lanceolata, undulata, longissima,
totaliter reflexa.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, subulata, corolla breviora, recto-patula.
Antheræ incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen globosum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus longior,
inclinatus. Stigma triplex, obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovalis, triloba, trilocularis, trivalvis.
SEMINA plura, globosa, baccata, duplici serie disposita.
_Obs._ Affinis Erythronio.
EMPALEMENT, none.
BLOSSOM. Petals six, oblong-lance-shaped, waved, very long, totally
bent back.
CHIVES. Six threads, awl-shaped, shorter than the blossom,
spreading out at straight angles from the seed-bud. Tips sideways
on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud globular. Shaft thread-shaped, longer than the
threads, inclined. Summit triple, blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oval, three-lobed, three-celled, three-valved.
SEEDS many, globular, like berries, disposed in two rows.
_Obs._ The genus has an affinity to Erythronium, or Dog’s-tooth
Violet.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gloriosa soliis cirrhiferis.
Gloriosa with tendril-bearing leaves.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A leaf of the Blossom, with its Chive, as they are fixed together at the base.
2. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit; the petals of the blossom being cut off.
The Gloriosa superba, a native of Guinea, as well as the coast of
Malabar in the East Indies, is said to be every part poisonous. It is
herbaceous, and the roots, which are formed upon the decay of the old
one, should be taken from the pot in November, and kept in dry sand till
the end of February, when they must be planted in rich earth, composed
of one part old rotten dung, and two parts leaf mould or peat earth,
then plunged in the bark-bed of a hot-house which is kept at pine heat,
to insure their flowering the ensuing August.
Having received a most beautiful branch, of this magnificent plant from
the collection of the Hon. the Marchioness of Rockingham, at Hillingdon,
near Uxbridge; the impulse was too strong to be resisted, of giving a
figure of it in the Bot. Rep. although against our general proposals, as
this is certainly, neither a new, or rare plant; having been introduced
so early as 1690, by Mr. Bentick. We therefore beg the indulgence of our
friends, in this instance; for although the flower is common, and there
are many figures of it, in different works, as, Rheede’s Hort. Malab.
Vol. 7. frut. scand. 107. t. 57. Plukenet’s alma. 249. t. 116. f. 3.
Commelin’s hort. 1. p. 69. t. 35. &c. &c.; yet, as these may not be in
the possession of many of the purchasers of our work, we hope it may
prove agreeable.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXX.
CERBERA UNDULATA.
_Waved-leaved Cerbera._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum, acuminatum; foliolis
ovato-lanceolatis.
COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus clavatus; limbus
magnus, quinquepartitus; laciniis obliquis, obtusis, latere altero
magis gibbis; os tubi quinquangulare, quinquedentatum,
stellato-connivens.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata, in medio tubi. Antheræ
erectæ, conniventes.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus filiformis, brevis. Stigma
capitatum, bilobum.
PERICARPIUM. Drupa maxima, subrotunda, carnosa, a latere sulco
longitudinali excavata, punctisque duobus.
SEMEN. Nux bilocularis, quadrivalvis, retusa.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five leaved, tapering to a point; leaflets between
egg- and lance-shaped.
BLOSSOM one petal, funnel-shaped; tube club-shaped; border large,
five divisions; segments oblique, obtuse, thicker edged on one
side; mouth of the tube five-angled, five toothed, approaching
together in the form of a star.
CHIVES. Five threads, awl-shaped, in the middle of the tube. Tips
upright, and approaching.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, and short. Summit
headed, two-lobed.
SEED-VESSEL. A large pulpy fruit, nearly round, fleshy, hollowed on
the side by a longitudinal furrow, and with two punctures.
SEED. Nut two cells, four valves, and bluntly dented at the end.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cerbera foliis lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, undulatis; cymis
ramosis, divaricatis, axillaribus.
Cerbera with lance-shaped leaves tapered to both ends, and waved;
tufts of flowers branching into various directions, and growing
from the foot-stalks of the leaves close to the stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, magnified.
2. The Blossom cut open, with the Chives as they stand in the tube, magnified.
3. The Empalement, with the pointal after the blossom has fallen off, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, magnified.
This conspicuously handsome plant was introduced by W. Forsyth, Esq. to
the Chelsea Gardens in the year 1782, from the island of Bourbon, now
the Isle de la Revolution, near the coast of Madagascar, in the Indian
Ocean. It grows to a very considerable height, perfectly straight, and
polished in the stem, something like the Bamboo Cane, from which
appearance, till it flowered, it had gone by the name of the fishing rod
plant. It must be kept in the bark-bed of the hothouse in rich mould,
and should be removed from its pot but seldom, the roots being extremely
tender and brittle. The propagation is slow and difficult, as well from
the great tendency the part has to rot, where cut, as from the
unfrequency of its throwing out any side shoots from the stem. Our
drawing was made in July this year, at the Hammersmith nursery; though
we understand it flowered in the extensive collection of the Right Hon.
the Earl of Tankerville at Walton-upon-Thames, some years since.
Having followed Willdenow, rather than Jacquin, in the Generic name of
this plant, our reason is, each species which has hitherto been thrown
to this Genus, since its first formation, might well make a distinct
one; if every generic or even essential, character, was to be critically
attended to. The fruit forming the principal essential character, a
specimen of which we have seen, containing two large seeds like C.
Manghas, determined us in our adoption.
The descriptions and figures of the two plants, given by Professor
Jacquin in his Icon. rar. 2, and Collect. 4, under the genus Ochrosia,
are, we conceive, only different specimens of our plant; and are both,
as well as Dryander’s critique on Gmelin (see Linn. Trans. Vol. II. p.
227) defective; neither of them having seen but _dried_ specimens,
without the fruit; as in this natural order of plants, the flowers being
mostly fleshy, many of the principal characters are destroyed in the
process of drying; and of course, in such case, must lead to error.
Jacquin’s character of _maculata_, quoted by Willdenow as a specific
title, though he has rejected the Generic, we suppose, must have been
taken from the small blotches on the lower, and which sometimes pervade
the upper surface of the leaves, but found only when in the last state
of decay, or when artificially dried to preserve them; as by the
pressure necessarily employed to that end, the waved, and most
ostensible character of the living plant, is done away. As to the C.
parviflora of Forster being the same, as either, the Ochrosia borbonica
or O. maculata of Jacquin, we must beg leave to dissent from the severe
criticiser of Gmelin; upon whose authority, nevertheless, Willdenow has
been led to exclude, even as a synonim, the O. borbonica of Prof.
Jacquin, which perhaps, if it were not for the increasing of Genera,
ought to be the name of the plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXI.
GERANIUM LACINIATUM.
_Ragged-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. System. Veg._ 1781.
_MONODELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis radicalibus, integris laciniatisque, petiolis
filiformibus; calycibus monophyllis; Staminibus quinque fertilibus;
radice tuberosa.
Geranium with leaves growing from the root, entire and jagged,
foot-stalks thread-shaped; cups one leaved; five fertile chives;
root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, with its tubular part laid open.
2. The Chives and Pointal, as they stand in the blossom, magnified.
3. The same cut open, and detached from the Pointal, magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
The Ragged-leaved Geranium may be considered as an herbaceous plant, for
it rarely retains its leaves longer than September; and when in a state
of inaction, should be watered but sparingly, otherwise the root will be
subject to rot. It may be increased by parting the roots about March,
which should be afterwards planted in rich mould, and placed on a shelf
in the hot-house; where they will flower in May or June. From an
imported plant, in the Hibbertian collection, our drawing was made this
year.
A continual harping on the same subject, may perhaps appear rather
tiresome; but, as almost every real new species of Geranium, which falls
under our observation, seems to add a fresh proof of the futility of the
new arrangement, we cannot forbear noticing it. This species, for
instance, has every other essential generic character of Monsieur
L’Heritier’s Pelargonium, but unfortunately the most essential. Upon an
accurate examination of a number of flowers, before they had expanded,
(the only time when it can be truly ascertained), in no one instance,
was there more than five tips to be found. Where to place it, with
Erodium, or Pelargonium?
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXII.
PROTEA LONGIFOLIA. _Nigra._
_Long-leaved Protea. Black flower._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis
infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals
below the point. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis sublinearibus, angustis, obliquis, rigidis,
longissimis; squamis interioribus, calycis lanceolatis, erectis;
florum plumis atro-purpureis.
Protea with leaves nearly linear, narrow, oblique, harsh and very
long; the inner scales of the cup are lance-shaped and upright; the
plume of flowers of a black-purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom complete, with the seed-bud attached.
2. The Petals of the flower opened, to shew the situation of the Tips.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit.
This species of Protea, from the Cape of Good Hope, of which we have
drawings of three varieties, is as yet, very scarce in this kingdom. The
variety here figured, as well as the others of this species, have been
hitherto considered as varieties of P. speciosa; with which, however,
they have less connexion, than with P. mellifera; but from both they
stand quite distinct. Wherefore, we have given them the specific title
of longifolia, from the extreme length of their leaves, which are
considerably longer, than could be expressed in the figure. We believe
this is the first year it has flowered in England, or in any other
collection, than the nursery, Hammersmith; where our drawing was made in
November. It is most difficult, or indeed almost impracticable, to
increase it, as it puts out no side shoots, and certainly damps off, if
laid down, where it touches the earth.
From Boerhaave’s having arranged this species of Protea, (See his Index
to the Leyden Garden, Part 2. from P. 185 to 189,) with his
Lepidocarpodendrons, after _fig. 187_, which is our P. mellifera;
Willdenow has been led into an error; since he has given this plant, the
188 Fig. of Boerhaave, as a synonim to P. speciosa, which ought not to
be so taken, unless we understand, that he meant all his
Lepidocarpodendrons as only varieties of each other; the principal
distinguishing feature, in P. speciosa, being the incurved and fringed
character, of the inner scales of the empalement.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXIII.
PROTEA LONGIFOLIA. _Ferruginoso-purpurea._
_Long-leaved Protea. Rusty-purple flower._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis
infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft or four petals. Tips linear inserted into the
petals below the point. Cup proper none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA SPECIOSA. Pl. XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis sub-linearibus, angustis, obliquis, rigidis,
longissimis; squamis interioribus calycis lanceolatis erectis;
florum plumis ferruginoso-purpureis; conus subglobosus.
Protea with nearly linear leaves, narrow, oblique, harsh and very
long; the inner scales of the cup are lance-shaped and upright; the
plume of flowers are of a rusty-purple; the cone nearly
globe-shaped.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom complete, with the seed-bud attached.
2. The Petals of the flower spread open, to expose the situation of the Tips.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit.
That the attention of the scientific and other collectors and
cultivators of exotics, in this kingdom, may be brought to a better
acquaintance, with this fine, very extended, yet much neglected Genus;
the species of which, now in Britain, amount to more than seventy, has
been our chief aim, in endeavouring to lay before them, figures of some
of the most rare and beautiful; one of which we deem the present.
This variety of Long-leaved Protea, is figured in Boerhaave’s Index to
the Leyden garden, Part 2. p. 186, as one of his Lepidocarpodendrons,
and has been given, by Willdenow in his Sp. plant. Tom. I. p. 531, as a
synonim of P. speciosa, quoted from Thunberg’s prod. 27. Diss. de Prot.
The culture and treatment of this plant, is the same as P. speciosa, to
which we refer our readers.
From a fine plant, in the Hibbertian collection, our drawing was taken
in the month of July this year. It was introduced to us from the Royal
Gardens at Schonbrun in Germany, communicated by the superintendant to
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, the seeds having been received
from the collector for the Emperor, at the Cape.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXIV.
IXIA CROCATA. _Var. nig. maculata._
_Crocus flowered Ixia. Var. black spotted._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis.
STAMINA tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6-petals, spreading, equal.
CHIVES three, upright and spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA. Pl. XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis falcatis, flaccidis; floribus alternis, sessilibus;
petalis tribus exterioribus basi gibbis maculatisque.
Ixia with scimitar-shaped limber leaves; flowers grow alternate and
close to the stem; the three outer petals are gouty and spotted at
the base.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two Spaths of the Empalement.
2. The Flower cut open and expanded, with the Chives attached.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits, the Summits detached and magnified.
This variety of Crocus-flowered Ixia was introduced, according to the
Kew Catalogue, Vol. I. p. 60, in the year 1774, by Mr. F. Masson, from
the Cape of Good Hope, and there, is treated as a distinct species,
under the name of I. deusta. From the number of drawings we possess of
this tribe of plants, having nineteen distinct varieties of this one
species, and in the close investigation we have given them, in their
flowering, for a number of years; having found them to sport in colour,
&c. from the same root, but much more so from seed; enables us
decisively to place this plant as a variety to I. crocata. It is one of
the most hardy of the Genus, and propagates itself by the root. The
flowers are produced about May, in which month 1799, our drawing was
taken, at the Hammersmith nursery; since, we have not seen it in any
collection; which leads us to think it is not a free blower, as the
roots are not scarce.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXV.
MALVA REFLEXA.
_Reflex-flowered Mallow._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI. _of Schreb. Gen. Plant. 1789._
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads united. Many Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium duplex; _exterius_ triphyllum, angustius;
foliolis cordatis, acutis, persistentibus; _interius_ monophyllum,
semiquinquefidum, majus, latius, persistens.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, obcordata, præmorsa, plana, tubo staminum
basi affixa.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, inferne coalita in tubum, in hujus
apice et superficie secedentia et libera. Antheræ reniformes.
PISTILLUM. Germen orbiculatum. Stylus cylindraceus, brevis.
Stigmata plurima, setosa, longitudine styli.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, composita e loculamentis pluribus,
(tot quot stigmata) bivalvibus, virticillatim inarticulatis circum
receptaculum columnare, tandem dilabentibus.
SEMINA solitaria, rarius duo seu tria, reniformia.
EMPALEMENT. Cup double; the _outer_ three-leaved, narrower;
leaflets heart-shaped, sharp, and remaining; the _inner_ one-leaf,
half five-cleft, larger, broader, and remaining.
BLOSSOM. Five petals; inversely heart-shaped, appearing bit at the
ends, flat, fixed to the tube of the chives at the base.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, united below into a tube, at its top and
surface parted and loose. Tips kidney-shaped.
POINTAL. Seed-bud orbicular. Shaft cylindrical and short. Summits
many, bristle-shaped, the length of the shaft.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, composed of many cells (as many as
there are tips) two-valved, forming a whorl round a columnar
receptacle not jointed, at length falling off.
SEEDS solitary, seldom two or three, kidney-shaped.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Malva foliis cuneiformibus, inequaliter incisolobatis; petalis
reflexis.
Mallow with wedge-shaped leaves, unequally gashed into lobes;
petals reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, the inner and outer Cup separated from the Blossom.
2. A Blossom spread open.
3. The Chives and Pointal.
4. The Chives, the connecting tube cut open.
5. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, magnified.
Some light doubts, at first, arose in our minds, that this plant might
be M. virgata, the 15th in Professor Martyn’s new arrangement of
Miller’s Dictionary, vide art. Malva. But, from the extraordinary length
of the branches of M. virgata, there described to be six feet and a half
long, and only the thickness of a wheat straw at the base! with dark
purple flowers; we cannot but consider this, which never rises to more
than a foot and a half or two feet in the stem, with white flowers,
excepting a small streak of red at the base of the petals, as a distinct
and new species. It is a native of the Cape, and was received in seeds,
from thence, in the year 1794. As a hardy green-house plant it is most
ornamental; the blossoms, which are quite reflexed when full blown,
being produced in succession from March till November, upon every part
of the plant. It is increased by cuttings made in May, and placed under
a hand-glass on a shady border. Light loam with a small mixture of peat,
it the best soil to make it flourish.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXXXVI.
GERANIUM CRASSIFOLIUM.
_Thick-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. System. Veg. 1781._
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. 1.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis acuminatis, lobato-pinnatis, sub-carnosis, laciniis
inequaliter dentatis; pedunculis subquadrifloris; floribus
pentandris; petalis æqualibus, purpureis.