carinatis; floribus solitariis, tricoloratis.
Corn-Marygold with samphire-like leaves; the outer scales of the
cup keel-shaped; the flowers grow solitary and are three-coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An outer Scale of the Empalement.
2. An inner Scale of the Empalement.
3. A female Floret of the Circumference, with its Pointal.
4. An hermaphrodite Floret of the Center.
5. The above, magnified.
6. The Chives of an hermaphrodite Floret, magnified.
7. The Pointal of an hermaphrodite Floret, magnified.
8. The Receptacle, natural size.
Mr. James Donn, Curator of the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, through whose
medium we possess this new species of Crysanthemum, informs us, in his
catalogue for 1800, that it is a native of the coast of Barbary, and
from whence it was first received in 1797. The C. Tricolor is but of
annual growth, should be raised on gentle heat about March, and may be
either kept in pots, or planted in the open borders, where it will
flower from July till October; but much of the brilliancy of the flowers
will be lost, if treated in the last manner, as the least wet, or even
the dew, will affect their colours. The seeds are perfected in less than
a week, after the decay of the flower, and are produced in abundance.
Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hammersmith nursery, which had
been raised from seed, communicated by Mr. Donn to Messrs. Lee and
Kennedy.
[Illustration]
PLATE CX.
PROTEA SPECIOSA, _latifolia_.
_Broad-leaved shewy Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4 petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis
infra apicem. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft, or of 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the
petals below the ends. Cup, proper, none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis lanceolato-ovatis; squamæ calycinæ interiores
barbatæ, apice incurvatæ, incarnatæ.
Protea with leaves between oval and lance-shaped; the inner scales
of the empalement are bearded, turned inward at the ends, and flesh
coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom complete, as it stands in the Empalement.
2. The same opened, to shew the situation of the Chives.
3. The Seed bud and Pointal.
The drawing of this magnificent plant was made at the nursery of Messrs.
Grimwood and Wykes, Kensington, this year, early in the month of August;
as we were informed by Mr. Wykes it was then in flower for the first
time in England. In the year 1786 it was sent, in seeds, to the royal
gardens, Kew, by Mr. F. Masson, from the Cape of Good Hope; where
certainly its beauty must be great; as, even there, amidst that world of
beauties, it should be honoured with such a specific title; in which,
considering it as only a variety of our P. speciosa _nigra_, we entirely
agree with Willdenow; where the last synonim of that species, copied by
him in his Sp. Pl. from Ray’s Historia Plantarum of 1719, must have been
taken from a plant of this variety. The treatment, and culture of this,
and P. Speciosa nigra, are exact in every thing.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXI.
GLADIOLUS STRIATUS.
_Streaked-flowered Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Plate XI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis lanceolato ensiformibus, scapo æquantibus; scapo
subtrifloro, erecto; floribus erectis; corolla ringente, laciniis
acutis, undulatis, medio striatis.
Gladiolus with leaves between lance and sword-shaped, the length of
the flower-stem; generally three flowers on the stem; flowers grow
upright; blossom gaping, the segments pointed, waved, and streaked
in the middle.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two Sheaths of the Empalement.
2. A Flower cut open with the Chives attached.
3. The Seed-bud and Pointal, natural size, one Summit detached, magnified.
This species of Cape Gladiolus was brought to us, from Holland, about
the year 1788; it is a very hardy bulb, the flowers continuing perfect
more than a week, and are not easily injured either by wind or rain. But
the greatest merit of this plant is, that the blossoms are only produced
when most of the other species of Ixiæ, Gladioli, &c. have done
flowering; which is generally about the end of July. Before the stem
decays, the bulb should be taken from the pot, and dried. The increase
of this plant is not great, as seldom more than two roots are produced
from the old one. Our drawing was made at the Hammersmith nursery, in
1799. Willdenow has a Gladiolus from Jacquin’s Icon. Rar. under the
specific title here given to this, undoubtedly not the same plant; but
as our name is that by which this species is in general known, and by
which it came from Holland, we have not thought fit to alter it.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXII.
VACCINIUM DUMOSUM.
_Bushy Whortle-berry._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX superus. Corolla monopetala. Filamenta receptaculo inserta.
Bacca quadrilocularis, polysperma.
CUP superior. Blossom of one petal. Threads fixed to the
receptacle. A Berry with four cells and many seeds.
See VAC. ARCTOSTAPHYLLOS, Pl. XXX. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Vaccinium foliis ovatis, acutis, glabris; floribus solitariis,
axillaribus; pedunculis longissimis, bracteatis; corollis
urceolatis subalbidis; stamina decem.
Whortle-berry with oval, pointed, smooth leaves; flowers grow
solitary from the foot-stalk of the leaves, close to the stem;
foot-stalks of the flowers are very long, having floral leaves;
blossoms pitcher-shaped, nearly white; ten chives.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower complete.
2. The Cup and its Foot-stalk, with the floral Leaves.
3. The Seed-bud, Pointal, and Chives.
4. The same, magnified.
5. The Shaft and its Summit, magnified.
This species of Whortle-berry is a neat, compact, bushy shrub; and like
all the rest of those which have ten chives, and the other parts
consonant, can scarcely be considered as a hardy plant; for although it
will live through a mild winter, if planted in a warm and dry situation,
on an open border; yet it will in general be destroyed, by the severe
frosts which happen late in spring. It should be planted in sandy peat
earth, with a small portion of light loam; may be propagated by layers,
which do not commonly root, sufficiently to be taken off, under two
years from the time of their being put down. As a hardy green-house
plant it is best preserved in a flourishing state, and will flower about
the month of June; in which month, this year, our drawing was made, at
the nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, by whom it was introduced from
North America in the year 1783.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXIII.
STRUTHIOLA IMBRICATA.
_Tiled-leaved Struthiola._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX, nullus; _nisi bracteas sub germine pro calyce assumas_.
COROLLA monopetala, marcescens; tubus filiformis, elongatus; limbus
quadripartitus, planus, tubo brevior; laciniis ovatis.
_Nectarium_, glandulæ quatuor, seu octo, ovatæ, fauci circumpositæ,
penicillo proprio cinctæ.
STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, brevissima, intra tubum ocultata.
Antheræ lineares.
PISTILLUM. Germen ovatum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine tubi.
Stigma capitatum, hispidum.
PERICARPIUM coriaceum, ovatum, uniloculare.
SEMEN unicum, acutiusculum.
EMPALEMENT, none; _unless you take the floral leaves at the base of
the seed-bud for the cup_.
BLOSSOM one petal, withering; tube thread-shaped, lengthened;
border of four divisions, flat, shorter than the tube; segments
egg-shaped.
_Honeycup_, four or eight oval glands, placed round the mouth of
the blossom, each being surrounded by its brush of hairs.
CHIVES. Four threads, very short, hid within the tube. Tips linear.
POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of
the tube. Summit, a hairy knob.
SEED-VESSEL leathery, egg-shaped, of one cell.
SEED One, a Little Pointed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Struthiola foliis ovato-acuminatis, concavis, imbricatis, glabris,
margine ciliatis; glandulæ quatuor supra faucem.
Struthiola with oval leaves, tapering to a point, concave, tiled,
smooth, and hairy at the edges; four glands upon the mouth of the
blossom.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower with its floral leaves, or cup.
2. The floral Leaves or Cup, magnified.
3. A Flower cut open, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, Chives, and Pointal, magnified.
The Genus Struthiola, from the few species yet known, has been but
slightly considered. Linnæus, at the end of his Generic Character,
affines it to Passerina; it is true, the habits of S. virgata, and S.
erecta, which are undoubtedly only varieties of the same stock, and the
only two he had seen, might lead to such a comment; but, from the seven
species of which we have drawings, all taken from living plants, and
which will be brought forward in due course, we consider them, as
perfectly distinct, in more essential characters than merely the number
of chives. The acute and diligent Willdenow, in his new edition of Sp.
Plant. enumerates five species from Thunberg, &c.; but from his notes of
observation, prefixed to each, he had not seen either living or dried
specimens of any, but the two above named. The characters in which we
observe this genus to differ from Gnidia and Passerina, are, first, a
cup of two leaves, constant in every species we have examined, for they
cannot be considered as floral leaves, being attached to the base of the
blossom, and joined together at the bottom; secondly, the honeycup
forming a complete cincture to the mouth of the flower, and upon which
are seated, four, or eight, upright glands. This species of Struthiola
was first raised in England, at the nursery, Hammersmith, from the Cape
of Good Hope, in the year 1794. It is a tender green-house plant, and
very subject to be destroyed by wet; therefore, should be protected from
too much rain in summer, and kept in an airy part of the house in
winter. It is propagated by cuttings made in the month of May, or June,
and should be planted in light, sandy peat, mixt with about one sixth
part of loam. The flowers of this, as well as all the species we have
seen, are extremely fragrant in the evening, beginning to smell with the
setting sun, and continuing their flavour till morning. An agreeable
peculiarity attendant on most plants of this natural order, and on every
species of this genus, in particular, is, that they flower twice in the
year, about the month of March, and again in September; in which month,
last year, our drawing was made, from the Hibbertian collection, Clapham
Common.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXIV.
GERANIUM QUINQUEVULNERUM.
_Variegated flowered Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _Of Suppl. System. Veget. 1781._
_MONODELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque.
FRUCTUS rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits.
FRUIT furnished with long awns, five dry berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis hispidis, multifidis; floribus heptandris;
pedunculis multifloris; petala atropurpurea, margine pallido; caule
suffruticoso, spithamæo.
Geranium with hairy leaves many-cleft; flowers with seven fertile
chives; foot-stalk, many flowers; petals dark purple, pale at the
margin; stem half shrubby, grows a span high.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, cut open as far as to the solid part.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives cut and spread open, magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
This beautiful species of Geranium was raised by Mr. J. Armstrong,
nurseryman of Northwarmborough, Hants, from seeds received by him, in
1796, from the Cape of Good Hope. From a branch, in fine flower, brought
to us, this year, in the month of June, by Mr. Dickinson, our drawing
was made; who informs us, that the ordinary treatment of common
Geraniums, is all that is required for this; that it is increased by
cuttings, or from a division of the root, in spring. It has not, as yet,
produced any perfect seed; although it has flowered abundantly these two
years, from May till October. It has something the habit of G. triste,
or the Night-smelling Geranium; but differs from that species, in having
a short shrubby stem, the leaves shorter and harsher, and the flowers
entirely without smell.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXV.
GERANIUM TOMENTOSUM.
_Downy-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _of Suppl. System. Veg._ 1781.
_MONODELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
_See Geran. Grandiflorum. Pl. XII. Vol. I._
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque.
FRUCTUS rostratus, penta-coccus.
One POINTAL. Five Summits.
FRUIT furnished with long awns, five dry berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis ovatis, plicatis, erectis, serratis, tomentosis;
floribus pentandris; filamentia duobus superioribus revolutis,
ciliatis.
Geranium with egg-shaped leaves, plaited, upright, sawed, and
downy; flowers with five fertile chives; the two upper threads
rolled back and fringed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
3. The Chives cut open, magnified.
4. The Pointal, and Seed-bud.
The Downy-leaved Geranium, according to the Hort. Cantab. of Mr. Donn,
introduced from the Cape of Good Hope, in the year 1794, is a dwarf
growing, and rather delicate species, of this extended and very mutable
tribe of plants; producing its flowers about the month of August. It is
to be increased from the seeds, which sometimes ripen; or by cuttings,
taken off in the month of March, and placed on a gentle hotbed; but if
delayed to be made till much later, it will be found difficult to
propagate by this mode. Less of dung and more loam, than is necessary
for most Geraniums, will preserve this plant best through the winter; in
which season, it should be kept in a dry and airy part of the
greenhouse, to avoid the damps, which otherwise, often prove fatal to
it.
That the charm of novelty, however erroneous or absurd, has found at all
times its votaries, we have daily experience; therefore cannot wonder
at, though we may regret its consequent influence on the many, who wish
to signalize themselves, under its delusive banner. This observation
naturally obtruded on our imagination, upon the perusal of the last
Number of the Bot. Mag. where the Kidney-leaved _Crane’s-bill_ is
mentioned as “_one of the rarest of the Geranium tribe_;” are we to
understand Geranium in this place as a new title for a natural order of
plants; or, as solely confined to one Genus? Poor Geranium! although
thou hast been so long excluded from thy station, in scientific English,
yet shalt thou not lose thy due weight, against all thy opponents, in
pure descriptive English prose; and perhaps some day may be deemed, by
the learned, worthy a place amongst English Genera. With Mr. Donn, we
humbly conceive the old title Crane’s-bill, as ill adapted to the three
Genera of M. L’Heritier; and that, if new Latin names are to be foisted
on us, for plants already well known, and settled, by that great master
of the science, Linnæus; to whose opinion ours shall ever bow, English
ones consonant, should be likewise adopted; and that Heron’s-bill for
Erodium, Stork’s-bill for Pelargonium, and Crane’s-bill for Geranium,
will prove no greater puzzle to the English Botanist. Unfortunately we
are, and have been, so attached to old fashions, that we still mean to
continue the title Geranium, as it is apparently best understood;
whether, in English or Latin, descriptive, or scientific; as long as the
public shall continue so honourably to patronize the Botanist’s
Repository.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXVI.
GAULTHERIA PROCUMBENS.
_Trailing Gaultheria._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium duplex, approximatum, persistens.
_P. exterius_ diphyllum, brevius; foliolis semiovatis, concavis,
obtusis.
_P. interius_ monophyllum, quinquesidum campanulatum; segmentis
semiovatis.
COROLLA monopetala, ovata, semiquinquesida; limbo parvo, revoluto.
_Nectarium_ corpusculis decem, subulatis, erectis, brevissimis,
cingentibus germen intra stamina.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, subulata, incurva, corolla breviora;
receptaculo inserta. Antheræ bicornes; corniculis bifidis.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, depressum. Stylus cylindricus,
longitudine corollæ. Stigma obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, obtusa, pentagona, depressa,
quinque locularis, quinque valvis, undique tecta perianthio
interiore transformato et enato in baccam subrotundam, coloratam,
apice perviam.
SEMINA plurima, subovata, angulata, ossea.
EMPALEMENT. Cup double, close together, remaining.
_Outer Cup_ two leaved, shorter; leaflets half egg-shaped, concave,
and blunt.
_Inner Cup_ one leaf, five-cleft, bell-shaped; segments half
egg-shaped.
BLOSSOM one leaf, egg-shaped, slightly five-cleft; border small,
rolled back.
_Honey-cup_ ten small substances, awl-shaped, upright, very short,
surrounding the seed-bud within the chives.
CHIVES. Ten threads, awl-shaped, turned inwards, shorter than the
blossom; fixed into the receptacle. Tips two-horned; horns two
cleft.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish and flattened; Shaft cylindrical, the
length of the blossom. Summit obtuse.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish obtusely five-sided, flattened, five
cells, five valves; covered on all sides by the inner cup,
transformed and swelled to a roundish berry, coloured, open at top.
SEEDS many, nearly egg-shaped, angular and hard.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gaultheria foliis ovatis, obtuse-dentatis, apice confertis; caulis
flexuosus, filiformis.
Gaultheria with egg-shaped leaves, bluntly toothed, and crowded
together at the top; stem grows zigzag and thread-shaped.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom complete.
2. The Empalement, natural size.
3. The Empalement, magnified.
4. The Chives as they stand on the receptacle, magnified.
5. The Pointal and seed-bud, with the surrounding honey-cup, magnified.
6. The inner Cup of the Empalement, when the fruit is ripe, natural size.
7. A seed vessel of the natural size when ripe, detached from its cup.
8. A ripe capsule, cut open transversely.
From the eighth Ed. of Miller’s Dictionary, we learn that, this plant
was cultivated at the Physic Gardens, Chelsea, in the year 1765. That so
ornamental, and so easily propagated a plant as the Gaultheria, should
have been so little noticed, or cultivated in our gardens, is rather
singular; as, it is perfectly hardy in every exposure, an evergreen, and
from the beautiful appearance of the fruit and flowers, which come in
succession nearly through the whole year; must be considered, as one of
our prettiest creeping or dwarf shrubs, for the front of the shrubbery
borders, &c. as it never rises higher than six, or eight inches; forming
a compact matted clump, which may be made to spread to a considerable
extent, if planted in light sandy peat earth. The very curious
conformation of the fruit, which is eatable, differing from every known
Genus of plants; as well as, the peculiar property of the leaves; point
out the Gaultheria, as a particular object for observation, and comment,
to the experimental Botanist. In Canada, North America, where it is
native, an infusion of the leaves is used as a substitute for tea; or a
few of them, either dried, or plucked fresh from the plant, when mixt
with the commonest bobea, communicate to it a flavour, equal to fine
Hyson.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXVII.
GENTIANA PURPUREA.
_Purple flowered Gentian._
CLASS V. ORDER II.
_PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Two Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium quinquepartitum, acutum, persistens; laciniis
oblongis.
COROLLA. Petalum unicum, inferne tubulatum, imperforatum, superne
quinquefidum, planum, marcescens; figura varia.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata, corolla breviora. Antheræ
simplices.
PISTILLA. Germen oblongum, cylindraceum, longitudine staminum.
Styli nulli. Stigmata duo, ovata.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, teres acuminata, apice leviter
bifida, unilocularis, bivalvis.
SEMINA numerosa, parva. Receptacula duo, singula valvulæ
longitudinaliter adnatæ.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five divisions, sharp and permanent; segments
oblong.
BLOSSOM. Petal only one, lower part tubular, and close; upper part
five-cleft, flat, withering, and variously shaped.
CHIVES. Five threads, awl-shaped, shorter than the blossom. Tips
simple.
POINTALS. Seed-bud oblong, cylindrical, as long as the chives.
Shafts none. Summits two, egg-shaped.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, cylindrical, tapering, slightly cleft
at the end, one-celled, and two valves.
SEEDS numerous and small. Receptacles two, joined to each valve
longitudinally.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gentiana corollis campanulatis, 6-7 fidis, atropurpureis,
punctatis, verticillatis; calycibus membranaceis, sub-spathaceis,
truncatis.
Gentian with bell-shaped blossoms, 6-7 cleft, deep purple, dotted
and whorled; empalement skinny, almost sheathed, and appearing cut
off at the ends.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Blossom, complete.
3. The same cut open, to shew the situation of the Chives.
4. Half the Seed-bud split longitudinally, to shew its interior structure.
5. A Seed-vessel, nearly ripe.
As a native of the Helvetian Alps, the Purple flowered Gentian is
consequently, a hardy plant with us, requiring only to be planted in a
light soil; may be increased from the seeds, which are produced in
abundance, or by parting the root in autumn. The seeds are perfected,
within a fortnight after the flower is decayed; and should be sown on
light sandy peat, covering them very slightly, as soon as possible after
they have been dried.
There appears a strange variety of opinions amongst Botanists concerning
this, and two other species of Gentian, the Punctata and the Pannonica;
which, as many have observed, although denied by others, are only
varieties of each other; surely, a slight variation in height, the shape
of the divisions of the border, or what is of less consequence, (as they
vary, in that regard so much, on the same plant) their number; are not
of sufficient weight to form a specific distinction.
This plant is said, in the Hort. Kew. to have been introduced in the
year 1768 by Professor de Saussure: from what cause, we cannot judge, if
it is so old an inhabitant, why it should not be more plentiful with us;
as at present few collections possess it, and it is sold at a very high
price. Our drawing was made at the Nursery, Hammersmith.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXVIII.
GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS.
_Large flowered Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM, six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Pl. XI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis ensiformibus nervosis; scapo subtrifloro,
longitudine foliorum; floribus erectis, maximis; laciniis corollæ
emarginatis, undulatis, striatis, sub-æqualibus.
Gladiolus with sword-shape leaves, nerved; flower-stem having
mostly three flowers, and of the length of the leaves; flowers grow
upright, and very large; the segments of blossom are notched at the
ends, waved, striped, and nearly of an equal length.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.
2. The Blossom cut open, with the Chives attached.
3. The Pointal, and Seed bud.