Flat-TARN, Flou-TERN-TARN (from FLOI, Scandinavian, _a bog_, _marsh_,
&c.), Angle TARN, Beacon TARN, TJORN (an island off the coast of Sweden),
Holms-JON, Mars-JON, Flas-JON.
VATN, VAT, VAND (Scandinavian), _water_, _a lake_.—Apa-VATN, My-VATN,
Sands-VATN, Bjork-VATN-et, Rys-VAND; Olle-VAT (a lake in the Hebrides),
VATN-dale, WATEND-lath (in Cumberland), Steapa-VAT, &c.
Sometimes VAND is changed into WATER, as in Helga-WATER (a lake in
Shetland), Ulls-WATER, Gates-WATER, Broad-WATER, Oude-WATER, WATER-vliet
(netherlands), Vara-BOT (France).
VAAG, VOE (Scandinavian), _a bay_, _harbour_, in
VOE (Sum-brough),
Burra-VOE,
Usk-VAGH,
Flad-VAGH,
VAAG-oen,
VAAG-en,
Sol-WAY,
Groes-VAGH,
Hamna-VOE, harbour _bay_;
Selia-VOE, herring _bay_; &c.
VIG, VIK, WICK (Scandinavian), _a small bay_, _harbour_, _landing-place,
town on the sea coast_, _mouth of a river_.—Bruns-WICK, Schles-WIG,
Laur-VIG, Steen-VIG, Lem-VIG, Weston-VIK, Bra-VIKEN, Wool-WICH,
Green-WICH, Har-WICH, Ips-WICH, Dib-IC, Cu-IC, and Green-OC.
WATH, WADE (Scandinavian), _a ford_.—WATH-upon-Dearne, Winder-WATH,
WADES-mills, WADS-ley; WAYTHE, Biggles-WADE, Sands-VATH, WAITHE.
WASH (Scandinavian), _an arm of the sea_, _a river_, _ford_.—The WASH,
Ship-WASH, VIS-by, WASH-field, and WAS-dale.
WELL (Anglo-Saxon), _a spring_.—Both-WELL, WYL-am, WEL-ton, WIL-land;
Waedensch-WYL, Walch-WYL, WYL-au, Hof-WYL, &c.
WASSER (German), WAES (Anglo-Saxon), _water_.—WASSER-burg,
WASSER-trudingen, WAES-ten, WAES-land, WATER-loo (water meadow),
WEASEN-ham, WASSEN-bury, &c.
WAC (Anglo-Saxon), _soft marshy ground_; WAX (Scandinavian).—WAC-ton,
WAX-holme, WAX-holm, WAX-ham, WHAX-grove, &c.
WAEL, WHEEL (Provincial), _a whirlpool_.—WHEEL-don, WEEL, WEEL-ey,
WHEEL-ton, &c.
WORTH (Anglo-Saxon), _an island formed by a river_, _a canal between the
two branches of a river_, _a farm_.—Teb-WORTH, Hems-WORTH, Tets-WORTH,
Nails-WORTH, Rush-WORTH, Til-WORTH, Clos-WORTH, Wid-WORTHY, Tat-WORTH,
Chil-WORTHY, Dodge-WAART, Bols-WAARD, Holt-WIERDE, and Schoenen-WERTH.
WYCHEN (Anglo-Saxon), _springs_; WYCH (Provincial), _a salt
spring_.—WHIX-ley, WICK-en, Middle-WICH, Nant-WICH, and Ford-WICH.
(_B_) NAMES OF MOUNTAINS, HILLS, &c.
BAC, BEAC (Anglo-Saxon), _a ridge or back_; BAC (Gothic), _a woody
mountain_, _an ascent or descent_.
BUHEL, PUHEL, BUHL (German), _a hill_, _rising ground_.
BAICH (Old English), _a “languet of land_.”—Saddle-BACK, BAC-ton,
BACON’S-field, Hog’s-BACK, Bainton-BEACON, Inkpen-BEACON, &c.
Cæsar makes mention of a Sylva BACEN-is, which separated the Cherusci
from the Suevi; and Ptolemy speaks of a Meli-BOC-os, in the north of
Germany. There is still a Meli-BOC-us in the south of Germany.
The German form (BUHL, PUHEL, &c.), occurs in
Eichen-BUHL, the oak _ridge_;
Dun-kels-BUHL, the _ridge_ of the mountain springs;
Ross-BUHL, the horse’s _ridge_;
Lust-BUHL, the _hill_ of pleasure.
BREG, BEORG, BEROH (Anglo-Saxon), _a mountain_, _a hill_, _a heap
of stones or earth_; BERG PEREG (High German), BAIRGS (Gothic),
BIERG, BJORG, BORG (Scandinavian).—Ha-BERG-ham-caves, Wa-BER-thwaite,
Wi-BERG-thwaite (holy _mountain_ path), Leg-BER-thwaite (low _mountain_
path), Brown-BERG-hill, Lang-BAURGH.
BARROW and BARF occur frequently in the north of England. They are
probably only slightly altered forms of BERG.—Under-BARROW-scar,
High-BARROW-ridge, &c.; Clee-BARF, BARF near (Bassen-thwaite), &c.
The German BERG is found in
BERG, BERG-en, the _mountain_ region;
BERGE-dorf, the _hilly_ city;
BERG-heim, the _hilly_ home;
Adels-BERG, the noble’s _hill_;
Arns-BERG, the eagles’ _hill_;
Alten-BERG, the ancient _hill_;
As-PERG, the ash _hill_;
Heidel-BERG, the heath _hill_;
Konigs-BERG, the King’s _hill_;
Mittel-GEBIRGE, middle _range_.
The Scandinavian form BORG, appears in
BORG-loh, the _hilly_ dwelling by the water;
BORG-holm, the _hilly_ island;
BORG-holz-hausen, the _hilly_-wooded dwelling; &c.
BREAK (Scandinavian), _the slope of a mountain_, _the hollow in a
hill_.—Mel-BREAK, Cal-BREAK, Lov-BREKKE, Skards-BREKKE, Sand-BREKKE, &c.
CALF (Scandinavian), _a smaller mountain near a larger one_. It is
also applied to islands.—CALVA, CALF, KALVA-berg (the “CALF of Man”),
CALVER-peak, &c.
CAR (Anglo-Saxon), _a rock_.—Uugin-CAR, Rugh CAR, Gol-CAR, the CARRS.
CAM (Scandinavian), _a summit_, _top_.—CAM-fell, Cachede-CAM, &c.
CLIFE, CLIF, CLIFFE, CLEE, CLOU, CLOUGH (Anglo-Saxon), _a rock_.—CLEVE,
Old CLEEVE-hill, CLEVE-land, CLAVER-don, CLEVE-don, CLAVER-ley,
CLIPPES-by, CLIP-stone, CLOP-hill, KLOP-stock, CLOP-ton, CLOP-ham,
CLIFFE, CLIFF-ton, Top-CLIFFE, Shorne-CLIFFE, Swil-low-CLIFT, CLIFFE-end;
CLEE-thorpes, CLE-hanger, CLEE-hills, CLEE-barf, CLEEVER, CLAW-ton,
CLEO-bury, CLOUGH-ton, Buc-CLEUGH, CLEVES, KLOPPEN-burg.
CLUMP (Provincial), _a heap_.—Chariot-CLUMP, Heaver-CLUMP.
CLUD, CLENT (Anglo-Saxon), _a piece of rock_.—Pen-ket-CLOUD,
Temple-CLOUD, CLOUD-end, CLENT-hill, CLIN-ton.
CNOL (Anglo-Saxon), _rising ground_, _a small round hill_.—Falkland
KNOLL, Brent-KNOLL, Mays-KNOLL, KNOWL-bury, Windy-KNOWL.
COP (Anglo-Saxon), _a top_, _summit_.—Mold-COP, Wyle-COP, Mow-COP,
War-COP, Schnee-KOPPE (snow top).
DODD (Scandinavian), _a mountain with a rounded summit_.—Harts-op-DODD,
Skiddaw-DODD.
DUN, DON, DOWN (Anglo-Saxon), _a hill_, sometimes applied to
_dwelling-places on hills_.—The DOWNS, DOWNE, DOWN-ton, Leigh-DOWN,
Hunting-DON, Ham-DON, Snow-DON, DUN-fell, DUN-mallet, DOWN-holm,
DOWN-head, DUNS-by, DUN-score, DUNS-fold, DUN-stan.
EDGE (Anglo-Saxon, ECG), _high moor-lands_, _the sharp ridge of a
mountain_.—EDGE-hill, Swirrell-EDGE, Strathon-EDGE, Land-EGGE.
FELL, FJELD (Scandinavian), _a rock-hill_, _mountain chain_.—Dovre-FJELD,
Hardanger-FJELD (the mountains of hunger and poverty), Rute FIELLE,
FAL-aise, Oxen-FELL, Hart-FELL, Shap-FELL, Bow-FELL, Campsie-FELLS,
Snae-FELL, Mickle-FELL.
GARE, GORE, GOR (Anglo-Saxon), _a triangular piece of ground_, _a narrow
slip of ground_, generally dirty or marshy.—Water-GORE, the GORE,
Haven-GORE-marsh.
HA (Scandinavian), _high_.—HA-wick, HA-warden, HA-worth, HEA-ley,
HEA-laugh, HEA-ton, HEY-don, HEY-thorpe, HEY-shot, Pool-croft-HEA,
Hirne-HA.
HAMMER (Scandinavian), _a rock_.—HAMMER-scar, HAMMER-end, HAMMER-fest,
HAMMER-stein, Stor-HAMMER, Lille-HAMMER.
HART, HARD (Gothic), _high_.—HARDER-wyk, HARDEN-burg, the HARDT mountains.
HAWES, HAW (Scandinavian), _a rock_, _an oblong mountain_, _a
prospect_.—Esk HAWS, Buttermere HAWS, HAWS-water.
We find AAS (pronounced AWS), the Norwegian form, in AAS-fjeld, AAS-vand,
&c.
HAUGH, HOUG, HOW, HO, HOO, HOV, HOE, HOY, &c. (Scandinavian), _a
hill_, _sepulchral mound_, _promontory_.—Bothwell-HAUGH, HAUGH-am,
HAUGH-ton, HAUGH-ley, HAUGH-mond-hill; Alders-HAUGH, HOGH-ton,
Bar-HAUGH, HOUGH-ton-le-spring, Green-OUGH, Bere-HOUGH, HEW-by, Kew
(Kay-HOUGH, Kay-HOWE); the HAUGH, HAIGH-ton, Scale-HOW, Hund-HOW,
Red-HOW, Grimes-HOO, the HOO, HAUX-ley, HAX-ley, HOX-ay (the isle of
the _promontory_), HAUGS-eid (the isthmus of the _hillock_), HAUX-ton,
&c.; Loose-HOO, Iving-HOE, Stapl-OE, HOY-land, Al-sta-HAUG, La HOGUE,
Jord-HEUE, Le-HOU, Ne-HOU, Cape HOC, HEVE, HOGUES d’Isigny, HOGUES de
Baucy, HOY-a, HOY-holm.
HAUS (Old Norsk), _top_, _summit_.—Herd-HOUSE, Lad-HOUSE, HUSA-fell, &c.
HANG (Anglo-Saxon), _a heel_.—East and West HANG, HANGLE-ton, HANKE-low.
HOOK, HAWK, HACK, and HOCH have a similar signification.—HACE-by,
HACKER-sall, HACK-ford, HACK-thorne, HACK-ness, HACK-don, HOC-kliffe,
&c.; HAWK-moor, HOOK, HOOKER-ton, HOOK-nor-ton, HACK-sted, HACK-low.
HOHE, HOCH (German), _height_, _high_.—HOHE-geiss, HOHEN-stein,
HOHEN-linden, HOHEN-as-perg, &c.; HOCH-heim, HOCH-kirch, HOCH-wald, &c.;
HOOG-veen, HOOG-meide.
HEIGH, HIGH (Anglo-Saxon), _elevated_.—HEIGH-am, HEIGH-ley, HEIGH-ton,
HIGH-bray, HIGH-ley, HIGH-week, &c.
HEAFORD (Anglo-Saxon), _head-top_, _upper_.—HEAD-lam, HEAD-ley,
HEAD-worth, HED-don, HED-hope, HEED-ley.
HEAN (Anglo-Saxon), _high_.—HEAN-or, HEAN-wood, HAINTON, HENT-land,
HAUN-ton.
HOPE, OP, OPE (Scandinavian), _the side of a hill_, _a sheltered spot on
the side of a hill_.—HOP-town, Harts-OP, Harr-OP, Wool-HOPE, Oxen-HOPE.
HOB (Scandinavian), _a rising eminence_; HEAP (English).—HOB-linch,
HOB-knap; HEAP, HEAP-ey, HEAP-ham, &c.
HUL, HYL (Anglo-Saxon), _a mountain_, _elevation in
general_.—Tintin-HULL, Soli-HULL, Mag-HULL, HIL-ton, HIL-bury, HIL-gay,
HILL-am, HILLERS-don, HIL-per-ton, and HILL-side.
HOFVED, HOVED (Scandinavian), _a head_, _promontory_.—
Skov-HOVED, wood _head_;
Vorms-HOFVED, worm’s _head_.
HEAD, when it occurs in the names of capes, promontories, &c., in
England, is of Scandinavian origin.
HORN, HURNE, HYRNE, HERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _an angle or corner-land
projecting into the sea or river_, _a peak_.—HIRNE-ha, Cold-IRNE,
Guy-HIRNE, HORN-castle, HORN-sea, HORN-um, Stor-HORN, Breit-HORN,
Tenfels-HORN, Wild-HORN, and Rinder-HORN.
KNOT (Scandinavian), _a round heap_.—Hard-KNOT, Scald-KNOT, School-KNOT,
Whim-bury-KNOTS, KNOTS-low.
KNAEP (Anglo-Saxon), _rising ground_.—Mister-ton KNAP, Hob-KNAP, &c.
KNAB, the Scandinavian form, occurs in KNAB-scar, the KNAB, &c.;
KNIPE-scar, KNIPEN-berg.
LOW, LEWE, LOE, LAW (Anglo-Saxon), _a small round hill_.—Broad-LOW,
Had-LOW, Tax-LOW, Mar-LOW, Wins-LOW, Hal-LOW, Doller-LAW, Bug-LAW-ton,
Hag-LOE, LEV (Scandinavian), Orms-LEV, and Ors-LOV.
LOPPE, HLYPE (Anglo-Saxon), _an uneven place_, _a leap_.—Hind-LIP,
LOP-ham, Lax-LEIP, Hous-LIP-burn, Deer-LEEP-hill, &c.
LYNCH, LINK (Anglo-Saxon), _ploughed ground on the side of a hill_, _high
ground_.—Stock-LINCH, Moor-LYNCH, &c.
LOFT (Scandinavian), _a mound_.—Carl-LOFTS, LOF-sta, LOFTA-hammar,
LOFT-house, LOFTS-ome, &c.
LAD (Scandinavian), _a pile or heap_.—Lost-LAD, LAD-cragg.
KLINT (Scandinavian), _sea rocks_.—Spoel-KLINT, Stevens-KLINTE,
Steyns-KLINT.
MOR, MOOR (Anglo-Saxon), _a common_, _highlands covered with heath_; MOOR
(English).—Nort-MOOR, Backe-MOOR, MOR-peth.
NAP (Anglo-Saxon), _a hill_, _peak_, _point_, _top of a hill_; NEB
(Scandinavian).—NAP-ton-on-the-hill, NAP Farm, NEP-ton, NEP-cote, Whinney
NEB, White NAB, Con-mer NAB, the NABS, NABS Buts.
NESS, NAZE, NOSE (Scandinavian), _damp, humid land stretching out into
the sea_, _a promontory_, _a projecting portion of land_.—Lowestoft-NESS,
Foul-NESS, Dunge-NESS, Sheer-NESS, Skeg-NESS, Strom-NESS, Bow-NESS,
Scar-NESS, Fur-NESS, Skeg-NAS, Sand-NOES, the NAZE.
In France, NESS takes the form of NEZ.
PIKE, PEAK, PIG (Scandinavian), _a point_.—Kid-sty-PIKE, Dufton-PIKES,
Mur-ton-PIKES, the PEAK, PIG-don, Knock-PIKES, PICK-mere, Jolly Waggon
PIKE, PIKE-law, West-PIKE.
RIGG (Scandinavian), _a ridge_, _an oblong hill_; HRIGG (Anglo-Saxon), _a
back_.
Lough-RIGG-fell;
Ask-RIGG, ash-_ridge_;
Lat-RIGG, the dwelling on the _ridge_;
Long-RIGG, long-_ridge_;
Ewan-RIGG, yew _ridge_.
The German form, RUCK, occurs in
Ziegen-RUCK, the kid’s _ridge_;
Hunds-RUCK, the hound’s _ridge_.
RISE (Anglo-Saxon), RAISE (Scandinavian), _a mound_, _hill-top_, _a high
wood_, &c.—Clap-ham RISE, RISE-ley, RAISE-gill, RISE-holm, RISE-brough.
SCAR, SCARTH, SCARF, SCOR, SCREE, SKRID (Scandinavian), _a rock, sharp,
steep, or precipitous_.—SCAR-borough, SCAR-overton, Black Hope-SCARS,
SCARS-dale, Ul-SKER, SKERRY, Ul-SCARTH, Gate-SCARTH, Balder-SCARTH,
SCARF-gap, the SCREES, SCREE-scar, SCRAX, SKAR-a, Skiel-SKIOR, SKAA-up,
SKIER-um, Sten-bids-SKAAR, SCAR-stad, SCAR-ild, SKA-tunge, Einer-SKER,
Svart-SKER, CHER-bourg, Evar-SKARD, Haka-SCARD, SKARVEN-Fjeld,
Maastjern-SKARV, SKARD, SKRID, Ref-SKRID, SKRIDS-hol, SCARTHIN-cliffs,
SCOR-burgh, SCOR-ton.
SCUG (Scandinavian), _a declivity_.—SCUGGER, SKUGG, SKEG-ness.
STY (Scandinavian), _an ascending path_.—Kid-STY-pike, STY-head, An-STY,
Hubber-STY, STEE.
The Anglo-Saxon forms are STEELE, STEIGLE, STEGE.—Ham-STEEL, High-STILE,
Long-STILE, STILE, STEEL Fell.
The German STEIG, _a path_.—Occurs in Alten-STEIG, STEGE, STEIGER-wald.
STEAP (Anglo-Saxon), _steep_.—STEEP-holm, STOUPE-brow, STEEP.
SHELF, SKELF (Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian), _a crag_, _rock_, _steep
places_.—SHELF-anger, SHEL-don, Tib-SHELF, SELF-stones, Ra-SKELFE, &c.
STACK, STAKE, STICKLE (Scandinavian), _a rock_, _peak_.—STAWKERS, STACK,
Hay-STACKS, the STAKE, Harrison STICKLE, Pike o’STICKLE, STICKLE-stad, &c.
STERT (Anglo-Saxon), _a tail_.—START-point, STERT-island, &c.
STONES (Provincial), _hills_, _heights_.—Blake-low-STONES, Ox-STONES,
Dane Head STONES, &c.
TOP (Anglo-Saxon), _head_, _summit_.—TOP-cliffe, TOPS-ham, Lewis-TOP,
Pon-TOP Pike, TIP-ton, TOP-croft, &c.
TUNGA (Scandinavian), _a promontory_, _headland_, applied to _rocks and
mountains_.—TONGE-with-Haulgh, Middle TONGUE, TONG-fell, TUNGE-fiord,
Ska-TUNGE, TANG-fjeld, TUNGN-fell.
WEALD, WALD, WOLD, WEALT, WOULD, WILD, WELT (Anglo-Saxon), _a forest_,
_a high woodland district_.—The WEALDS of Kent, the WOLDS of Yorkshire,
Moncton-WEALD, Glen-WHELT, WALT-ham, Cots-WOLD, WOLD-brow, WALD-au,
WALD-bach, WALD-burg, WALD-eck, WAIT-by, WALD-heim, WALD-kirch, WALD-see,
Ost-WOLDE, WOLD, and WOUDE.
WINCH, WINK (Scandinavian), _a corner_.—WINCH-combe, WINK-field,
WINK-leigh, WINCHEL-sea, FINKLE-bridge, WINKEL-seth, Rose-WINKEL,
Ruh-WINKEL, &c.
WARN, WHARN (Anglo-Saxon), _steep_.—WHARN-side, WHARN-cliffe, WHARN-ham.
YOKE (Scandinavian), _a hill_, _chain_.—YOKE-thwaite, YOKE-cliffe.
(_C_) NAMES OF VALLEYS, PLAINS, WOODS, &c.
ACRE, AKER (Anglo-Saxon), _a field_.—West-ACRE, Kint-AKER.
BEARW, BEARO, BERN (Anglo-Saxon), _a fruitful productive wood_, from
BERAN, _to yield_; BAR, BUR, _a bower_, _knoll_; BYRAS, _woods_, _plots
of woody ground_.—Brown-BER-hill, Bram-BER, Tod-BERE, Green-BER-field,
BUR-ton, and BAR-ton, Sheb-BEARE (sheep-_wood_), Kentis-BEARE, BEER
(near Seaton), BIER-low, Baum-BER (tree-_wood_), BEAR-stead, BEARS-ton,
BEAR-ley, BER-don, BUR-combe, BUR-land, BURS-lem, BUR-stall, BUR-marsh,
BUR-wash, BAR-ham, BAR-ford, and BAR-well.
BEARNE (Provincial), _a wood_.—BARN-by, BARN-ey, BARN-well, BARN-ham,
BARN-brough, &c.
BIT (Anglo-Saxon), _a pasture_.—Cow-BIT, Nes-BIT, &c.
BUS, BUSH (Anglo-Saxon), _a small wood_.—BUSCH (German), BOSC
(Scandinavian).—BUSH-ey, BOS-ham, BUS-by, BUS-cot, BUSH-bury, BUSS of
Newham, BUSS of Werdie; Col-BOSC, Mille-BOSC, Rom-BOSC, BOSCHEN-ried, and
Dicke-BUSCH.
BENT (Provincial), _a plain_, _field_, _a common_.—BENT-ham, BENT-ley,
Hayton’s BENT, BENT-hall, BENT-worth, Chow-BENT, &c.
BOTM (Anglo-Saxon), BOTTOM (English), _a dale_.—Gunner-kild-BOTTOM,
Houn-dene-BOTTOM, Shuffle-BOTTOM (Shaw-field-BOTTOM), Owler-BOTTOM, and
Brook-BOTTOM.
CAR (Anglo-Saxon), _a plain_.—CAR-ham, CAR-stairs.
CHIN, CHINE (Anglo-Saxon), _a cleft_, _hollow_.—CHIN-ley-churn,
Crow-CHINE, &c.
CUP (Anglo-Saxon), _a hollow_.—Bu-CUP, CUB-ley, &c.
CROFT (Scandinavian), _a small field_.—CRAW-ton, Wey-CROFT, CROFT Farm,
Sander-CROFT, Haver-CROFT, CROF-ton, Cox-CROFT, and Wivels-CROFT. In
France the same root is found under the form CROTTES.
COMB (Anglo-Saxon), _a valley or low piece of ground_, _a space between
two hills_.—COMBE, Brans-COMBE, Bor-COMBE, Clo-COMBE, Gat-COMBE,
Sted-COMBE, COMP-ton.
DAL (Scandinavian), _a valley_ (from DALA, _to depress_); THAL
(German).—Scar-DALE, Ken-DAL, Arun-DELL, DAL-wood, Dingley-DELL, Co-DALE,
Gris-DALE, Ul-DALE, DUL-wich, DUL-ver-ton, Schön-THAL, Rein-THAL,
Dussel-THAL, DAL-hem, DALS-land, DAL-bye, DAL-heim, DAL-river, &c.;
Dane-TAL, Darne-TAL, DELLE du Bog, DELLE du Fosse.
DEONU, DIONU, DENU, DEN, DEAN (Anglo-Saxon), _a wood_, _pasture_,
_valley_, _hollow_, _ravine_, &c.—Taunton DEAN, Forest of DEAN, Deb-DEN,
Cob-DEN, Hammer-DEN, Bals-DEAN, O-DEAN, Dib-DEN, DEN-by, DEN-bigh, &c.
FIELD, FELD (Anglo-Saxon), _detached localities partly open_, _an open
height_, _a plain_.—Heath-FIELD, Spring-FIELD, Neither-FIELD, Lang-FIELD,
&c.
The German form, FELD, occurs in FELD-berg, FELD-kirch, Lingen-FELD,
Hume-FELD, Alten-FELD, Lichter-VELDE, Basse-VELDE, &c.
FOLD, FOL, FALD (Scandinavian), _land district_, _enclosure for sheep_,
&c.—Nettle-FORD, Ox-FOLD, Had-FOLD, Ex-FOLD, Ash-FOLD, Frith-FOLD,
Duns-FOLD, &c.
GAP (Scandinavian), _an opening between hills_.—Raise GAP,
Whin-latter-GAP, YAP-ton.
GRAFE (Anglo-Saxon), _a small wood_, _a grove_.—No-bottle-GROVE,
Bo-GROVE, By-GRAVE, GRAF-ton, Cot-GRAVE, Red-GRAVE, and Chal-GROVE.
HAG, HAY, HEDGE, EDGE (Anglo-Saxon), _a limit boundary_, _fence_, _any
enclosure_, _a single field_, _a plot of ground fenced in and surrounded
by an hedge_; HAGA (Scandinavian), HAG (Gothic), _enclosed pasturage_, _a
cultivated copse or woodland_.—HAG-borne, HAG-ley, HAG-loe, HEDGER-ley,
HAY-don, HAY-dock, HAY, West-HAY, Cut-HAYES, Wil-HAY, Child-HAYES,
HAY-ton, HAYES, Comb-HAY, HAG-a, HAGEN, the HAGUE, HAGEN-au, Dorls-HAGEN,
Falken-HAGEN.
HANGER, HANGRA, ANGER (Anglo-Saxon), _a meadow near a wood, surrounded
by a furrow_.—Fisher-ton-ANGER, Clay-HANGER, ANGER-ton, Cle-HANGER,
Oke-HANGER-mere.
HAT, HAD, HEATH (Anglo-Saxon), _field_; HEIDE, (German).—HAT-field,
HAT-cliffe, HATHER-leigh, HATH-ern, HATHER-op, HAT-ton, HEDEN-ham,
HAD-ley, HETHER-set, HETHERS-gill, HET-ton, HIDE, HADDEN-ham, HAD-don,
HAD-leigh, HAD-low, HAD-nall-ease, HAD-stock, Pook-HYDE, HOATH-ley,
HEIDEL-berg, HEIDEN-heim, HEIDE.
HAYNE, _a cleared spot fenced in_, is perhaps connected with the German
HAIN, _small grove_, _wood_, though it is generally considered another
form of HAG, HAY, &c.—Wil-HAYNE, Hoober-HAYNE, Cown-HAYNE, Down-HAYNE,
Blanken-HAYN, Balken-HAYN, Burg-HAUN, and HAIN-ault.
HESE, HYSE (Anglo-Saxon), _a grove_, _wilderness_.—HES-wall, HES-ton,
HES-ley-Hurst, HESS-ay, HIS-ton, HIS-ket, HAS-combe, HAS-field, HASE-ley,
HAS-guard, HAS-land, and HAYE.
HOLT, HOT, HOD (Anglo-Saxon), _a wood_, _copse_; HOLZ (German).—The
HOLTS, Spars-HOLT, HODDES-don, HOTS-pur, Boc-HOLT, Borck-HOLT,
HOLZ-minden, HOLT-land, HOLT-rup, Ter-HOULDE.
HUNT (Anglo-Saxon), _a chase_.—Fox-HUNT, Ches-HUNT.
HURST, HERST, HEST, EST (Anglo-Saxon), HORST (German), HRIOSTR (Old
Norsk), _woods which produce fodder for cattle_, _thicket_, _a clump of
forest trees which have not attained their full growth_, or _masses of
standing corn_.—Ew-HURST, Pens-HURST, As-HURST, Wad-HURST, Sell-HURST,
Ex-HURST, HURST-ley, WORST-ley, Fing-EST, Made-HURST, HURST, HORS-mar,
Baren-HORST.
ING (Anglo-Saxon), _a meadow_.—ING-birch-worth, INGER-thorpe, INGLE-by,
ING-ham, ING-oe, Read-ING. Bark-ING, Martins-ING, Earl’s-ING-Lee.
LEAGH, LAH, LEH, LAY, LEA, LEY, LEIGH (Anglo-Saxon), _a meadow_, _field_,
_thicket_, _a woodland district_, _enclosure_, _place favourable to
growth of grass_; LOH (German); LO, LOO (Dutch),—Had-LEIGH, Hor-LEIGH,
Hoo-LEIGH, Pash-LEIGH, Mor-LEIGH, Bing-LEY, LEIGH-ton, Wark-LEIGH,
LAY-sters, LEIGH-down; Ven-LO, Water-LOO, Kafer-LOH, and Sapel-LOH.
LEASE, LAES (Anglo-Saxon), _pasture land_.—LEWES, LEWES-ham, Oxen-LEASE,
Cow-LEAZE.
LEBEN (German), _ground cleared of wood_.—Als-LEBEN, Aschers-LEBEN,
Eis-LEBEN.
LING (Anglo-Saxon), _heath_.—Ash-LING, Bir-LING.
LUM (Provincial), _a wooded valley_.—LUM-ley, Burs-LEM.
LUND (Scandinavian), _a wood_, _forest_.—LUND, LAUND-booth, LUND-ditch,
LAUN-ton, Hoff-LUND, Hanging-LUND.
MAED, MEAD (Anglo-Saxon), _a meadow_.—Hot-MEAD, MAD-ley, MADE-ley,
METH-wold, Bass-MEAD.
MAESTENE (Anglo-Saxon), _a forest_, _grove of oak_.—Sel-MESTON,
West-MESTON, MIS-ter-ton.
MEARC (Anglo-Saxon), _a woodland district_, _meadowland_; MORK
(Scandinavian), _a wood_.—MERCIA, MARK (Lincoln and Somerset), MARK-ham,
MARK-by, MARKS-hall.
PEECE, PACCE (Anglo-Saxon), _dirty, watery land_.—PASH-ley, PATCH-am,
PATCH-way, PAX-ton, PAS-ton, PAX-ford.
PLAS, in PLAS-ket, PLASS-ey, PLAX-tol, has a similar signification.
PLUMBE (Anglo-Saxon), _a woody place_.—PLUM-ley, PLUMP-ton, PLUM-stead.
PAETH (Anglo-Saxon), _a way, path, entrance, road_.—Mor-PETH
(moor-_path_), PAD-field, PAD-worth, PAD-bury, PATE-ly.
RAKE (Provincial), _a mine_.—Land-RAKE.
RAYNE (Provincial), _limit_, _bound_.—RAIN-hill, RAIN-ham.
RIOTHR, RAITH (Scandinavian), _a clear place_, _an open field_; RYDE, _to
clear away_.—REITH-by, RAITH-by, RATH-mill.
RODE (German), RODE, ROD, ROYD (English), _land cleared or grubbed
up_.—RUTHYN, RUT-land, Martin-ROYD, Hol-ROYD, Hunt-ROYD, Orme-ROD,
Ack-ROYD, Werni-GERODE, Elbin-GERODE, ROD-ach, Mount RUTI, RUTHI,
Oste-RODE.
SKOGR, SCOW, SCAW, SKOV, SHAW, SHOE (Scandinavian), _a wood_.—SCAW-ton,
SCOF-ton, SCOW-garth, Fla-SCOW, We-SCOW, Bri-SCO, Ever-SAW, Auden-SHAW,
SKOVS-hoved.
In France we find Bois d’ESCOVES.
SHOT (Anglo-Saxon), _a wood_.—SCOT-by, SCOT-ton, SHOT-ton, Alder-SHOT
(alder-_wood_), Bag-SHOT (badger’s-_wood_).
SNADAS, SNAED, SNAD (Anglo-Saxon), _a piece of land with well-defined
limits without enclosures, public woods, or pasture grounds_.—SNAITH,
SNED, SNETTIS-ham, Whip-SNADE, SNOD-land.
STOCK (Anglo-Saxon), _a wood_, _enclosure_.—STOCK-land, STOCK-linch,
Taw-STOCK, Hal-STOCK, Chard-STOCK, STOCK-holm.
SMETH, SMID, SMITH (Anglo-Saxon), _smooth, level ground_.—SMEA-ton,
SMES-towe, SMITH-field, SMEETH, SMEETH-cote.
SPRING (Anglo-Saxon), _a grove_.—SPRING-thorpe.
STOB, STUB, STOBBE (Anglo-Saxon), _a stump_.—STOBS-wood, El-STUB,
STEPN-ey (Steben-_heath_), STUB-croft, STUB-land, STUBBE-rup.
TOLL (Anglo-Saxon), _a small grove of lofty trees_.—TOLL-piddle, TOL-ton,
TEL-ton, TOLLER-ton, TOL-land, TOLE-thorpe.
TOFT (Scandinavian), _a field_, _the border of the house and
homestead_.—Lowes-TOFT, Knocking-TOFTS, TOFT.
In France we find Hau-TOT, Crique-TOT, Ec-TOT, Sasse-TOT, Anse-TOT,
Ebel-TOFT, Enges-TOFTE.
TOT (Anglo-Saxon), _a small grove_.—TOTN-ore, TOT-ham, TOTTEN-ham,
TUT-bury, TOT-land Bay, TET-bury, DOD-pits, TOT-lets, TOT-ern-hoe.
TELGR (Scandinavian), _a tract of land_.—Soder-TELGE, Soder-TELJE,
Norr-TELGE.
TVED, THWAITE (Scandinavian), _a path_, _an isolated piece of ground_,
_ground cleared of wood_.—Lock-THWAITE, Stanger-THWAITE, Hall-THWAITE,
Line-THWAITE, TVEDE, Om-THVETT, Skis-VED.
WAN, WING, WANG (Anglo-Saxon), _a large indefinite tract of land_, _a
meadow_.—WANG-ford, WING-field, WAN-stead, Tongs-WINGE, WANGER-oog, WANG,
El-WANGEN.
WASTE (Provincial), _a level_.—WASTE-water, Thorn-WASTE.
WRIDE (Anglo-Saxon), _an intertwining, luxuriant thicket_.—WRAYS-bury,
WRITTLE, Ease-WRITH, WRET-ham, WRET-ton, Ting-RITH (Tyn-GRAVE).
WITH (Scandinavian), _a wood_.—Ask-WITH, Bram-WITH, WITHER-by, &c.
WOOD (English), WEIDE (German), _pasture ground_.—WEID-au, WID-au,
WED-more, WID-combe, WOOT-ton, WIDDE-combe, &c.
WIESE (German), _a meadow_.—WIES-baden, WIESEN-thied, &c.
(_D_) NAMES OF HABITATIONS.
BAND (Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian), _a division_, _boundary_.—How-BAND,
Millstone-BAND, Taylor’s-gill-BAND, Southernly-BOUND, &c.