of commerce_.—Kir-BY, Kirk-BY, Thores-BY, Der-BY, Den-BY, Wait-BY,
Horns-BY, Ire-BY, &c.; Kirk-BOE, Frode-BOE, Qual-BOE, BY-grave, BY-field,
BUER-dale, Wibel-BUHR, and Ochtel-BUHR. In France we find this root,
under the form BEUF, in Lim-BEUF, Mar-BEUF, Quille-BEUF, and Marque-BEUF.
BOLD, BALT, BOOTH, BOTTLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_.—Shil-BOTTLE,
New-BOLD, New-BALD, BOLT-on, Par-BOLD, BOOTLE, Lor-BOTTLE, BOOTH-by,
More-BATTLE, BOT-ley, New-BOTTLE, BOULDER-dale, BUITTLE, BOT-ham, and
BOT-hall.
BORDE (Provincial), _a cottage_.—BORD-well, &c.
BUTTEL (German), _a dwelling_.—Wolfen-BUTTEL, Lust-BUTTEL, Bruns-BUTTEL,
&c.
BIGGEN (Provincial), _a building_, from BIG, _to build_.—New-BIGGEN,
Sun-BIGGEN (south-building), &c.
BOW, BOL (Scandinavian), _a dwelling_, _house of a proprietor_.—BOWS,
BOW-ness, BOW-scale Tarn (Bowness was anciently called BOL-ness, or
BUL-ness), BOLY, BOL-bec, Mum-BLE, Strum-BLE, Alden-BULL, Tetten-BULL,
BOL-stadoren.
BURG, BURY, BOROUGH (Anglo-Saxon), _a city_, _place of retreat or
defence_.—BURY, Nether-BURY, Hem-BURY, Stan-BURY, Sid-BURY, Salis-BURY
(Scaro-BYRIG, _the dry-city_), Shaftes-BURY (_town of shafts_),
BURG-walter (BRIDGE-water), BOROUGH-bridge, Sea-BOROUGH, Sad-BOROUGH,
Water-PERRY, Wood-PERRY.
BURRA-voe, BROUGH, and BROUGH-under-Stanmore are examples of the
Scandinavian form, BROUGH.
BUSTA, BUSTER, BUST (Scandinavian), _a dwelling-place_, a contraction
of BOL-STATHR, _dwelling seat_. (See BOL).—Hob-BISTER, Swan-BISTER,
Flad-BISTER, Swara-BISTER, Swara-STER, Mura-STER, Kirka-BISTER, and
BUSTA-voe.
CHIP, CHEAP (Anglo-Saxon), _a market_.—
CHIPPING Norton,
COPEN-hagen,
COPPEN-brugge,
KIOB-stae,
Norr-KOPING, north-_market_;
Ny-KOPING, new-_market_;
CHEP-stow, _market_ place;
CHEAP-side, _market_-seat;
COUP-man Beck (COUP-land Beck), _merchant’s district brook_;
Soder-KOPING, south-_market_.
COT, COAT, COTE, KET (Anglo-Saxon), _a hut_, _salt-pit_, _cottage_, _the
dwelling of the poorer classes_.—
Swins-COE, swine’s _cottage_;
Hes-KET, horse-_cottage_;
Plas-KET, marshy-_cottage_;
COTS-wold, the _cottages_ of the wolds;
COT-leigh, the _cottage_ by the pasture;
COTTES-more the _cottage_ by the moor; &c.
DERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a solitary place_.—DEARNE, DARN-all,
Wath-upon-DEARNE, Bode-DERN, DERN-yett, &c.
DACRE, DAKER (Scandinavian), _log-house_.—DACRE, DAKER-stead, &c.
ERN, ERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _hermitage_.—Crewk-ERNE, Ask-ERN,
Kill-EARN, Cow-ARNE, &c.
GATA (Scandinavian), _a street_, _road_, _path_,
_thoroughfare_.—Fresh-water-GATE, Fisher-GATE, Clappers-GATE,
Hollow-GATE, Darn-YETT. Some of the leading thoroughfares in London end
in GATE—_e.g._, Bishops-GATE-street, Moor-GATE-street, Kings-GATE-street.
The form GADE, found in Denmark and Norway, has the same
signification.—GADE-busch, &c.
GALE, GEIL (Scandinavian), _a dwelling in a hollow_.—GALE-garth,
GALE-hows, Grettis-GEIL, &c.
HUT, HUTTE (Anglo-Saxon), _a shelter_, _house_, _dwelling_, &c.—HUT-ton,
HUT-toft, &c.
HAM (Anglo-Saxon), HEIM (German), UM (Frisian), HOME (English),
_farm_, _enclosed land_, _a village or town_; the same root occurs in
HAM-let.—High-HAM, Low-HAM, East-HAM, HAM-don, HAMP-ton, HAM-burgh,
Dront-HEIM, Blen-HEIM, Hus-UM, Hol-UM, Fisk-UM, Skiv-UM, Ann-HAM, and
Zel-HAM.
GARTH, GUARDS (Scandinavian), _an enclosed place_; YARD
(Anglo-Saxon).—Mel-GUARDS, Stain-GARTH, Sky-GARTH, Gas-GARTH, Cal-GARTH,
Bro-GAR, Land-GUARDS, Lan-GAR, Humble-YARD, and YARD-ley.
HALL, EALH (Anglo-Saxon), _a castle_, _mansion_, _house of a king_, _a
temple_; ALHS (Gothic).—HAL-twistle, HAL-stock, Lilles-HALL, Coppen-HALL,
Darn-ALL, ALA-darp, ALS-hein, and ALS-feld.
HOLD, HALD (Anglo-Saxon), _tenement_, _fortress_.—HOLD-shott, HOLD-fast,
HOLD-gate, HOLDEN-by, HALDER-ness, and Neu-HALDENS-leben.
HELM (Provincial), _hovel_, _cottage_.—HELM-don, HELM-ley, &c.
HEM (Anglo Saxon), _limit_, _border_.—HEM-don, HEM-bury, HEM-ley, &c.
HERNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _retired place_.—Lan-HERNE, Mat-HERNE,
HERNE-Bay, HERNE-hill, &c. (See ERN).
HOUSE (English); HUS, HUUS (Scandinavian); HAUS, HAUSEN, HUSEN, SEN
(German), _a residence_.—HUS-thwaite, Wood-HOUSE, Bo-HUS-land, Ar-OS,
Aa-HUUS, HAUS-ruck, Schaff-HAUSEN, Borg-holz-HAUSEN, Ink-HUIZEN, Al-SEN,
and As-SENS.
HOF, HOVEN (German), _a court_, _temple_; HOF (Scandinavian).—There is
near Appleby a village called HOFF; HOFF-row, HOFF-common, and HOFF-lund
are places containing the same root.
IN, INNE (Anglo-Saxon), _an enclosure, occupied by the
proprietor_.—IN-gars-by, IN-gate-stone, IN-skip-with, IN-golds-by,
EN-field, IN-ward-leigh.
KIRKE, KIRK (Scandinavian), _a church_.—KIR-by, KIRK-by, Aa-KIRKE,
Dun-KIRK, &c.
LATH, LAITH (Scandinavian), _a barn_.—LATH-kill, LAITH-kirk, LATH-bury,
&c.
LAND (Scandinavian), _a district_.—Nat-LAND, Mor-LAND, Ly-LAND, Rus-LAND,
Gar-LAND, &c.
MEL (Gothic), _a boundary_.—MEL-guards, MEL-beck, Cart-MELL-fel,
MEAL-rigg, MEL-ay.
PIGHTLE, PIGLE, PINGLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a small parcel of land enclosed
with hedges_, _a field adjoining the farm-house_.—PIGHTELS-thorne,
PIGLES-thorne, and PIT-stone.
RAY, REAY (Scandinavian), _a corner_.—REAY, Dock-RAY, Elle-RAY, &c.
RICK (Provincial), _a district_.—Rast-RICK, Land-RICK, Lind-RICK,
Mar-RICK; REICH, RICH (German), REICHEN-hall, REICHEN-au, Au-RICH, and
Ell-RICH.
ROW, ROWE (Anglo-Saxon), _a street_.—ROW-botham, Hoff-ROW, Hard-ROW,
ROW-land, &c.
SAD (Anglo-Saxon), _a camp_.—SAD-borough, SED-bergh.
SCALE, SHIEL, SHIELD (Scandinavian) _a log-house_, _fisherman’s
hut_.—SCALE-force, Thorny-SCALE, Bon-SCALE, Hud-SCALES, SCALE-hill, North
SHIELDS, South SHIELDS, Lin-SHEELS, SHILL-hill.
SEL, SELE, SALE (Anglo-Saxon), _a hall_, _mansion_, _seat_.—Bo-SELL,
Kel-SALE, SEL-side, SALE-fell, SEL-by, Buer-SILL, Bruch-SAL and Up-SALA
(high _halls_.)
SET, SETA (Anglo-Saxon), SEAT, SIDE (Scandinavian), _a seat or dwelling_,
_pasture upon a mountain side_.—Lang-SETT, Somer-SET, Dor-SET, SETTLE,
SHOTTLE, As-kel-SIDE, Orm-SIDE, Raven-SIDE, SEAT-allan, SEAT-Robert,
SEAT-oller, Out-SEATS, Thor-SET, and Ulv-SET.
SHIR, SHIRE (Anglo-Saxon), _a division_.—SHARES-hill, SHER-wood,
SHARN-brook, Half-SHIRE, &c.
SHED, SHAD (Anglo-Saxon) _a division_.—SHAD-well, SHAD-forth,
SHAD-ox-hurst, &c.
SKANS (Scandinavian), _a fort_.—SCAN-dale.
SKEW (Scandinavian), _a place in a corner_.—Scale-SCEUGH, Barn-SKEW,
A-SKEW, North-SCEUGH.
SOK (Anglo-Saxon), _a ward_.—SOCK-burn, SOCK-hyre, &c.
STALL, STELL (Anglo-Saxon) _a residence_.—Bor-STALL, Hep-ton-STALL,
Tun-STALL, Bo-STELL, HEIKEN, Borg-STELL (a _residence_ on the side of a
hill).
STAPLE, STAPOL, STABLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a market place_, _an
establishment_.—STAPLE, Barn-STAPLE, STAPLE-ton, STAPL-oe, STAPLE-ford.
STEAD (Anglo-Saxon), STADR, STER (Scandinavian), _the site of a
building_, _a mansion_.—Kirk-STEADS, Hamp-STEAD, Ash-STEAD, STEAD-combe,
the STAITHE, STAITHES, Brab-STER, Wolf-STER, Honi-STER, Ul-STER,
Lein-STER, Mun-STER, Y-STAD, Neu-STADT, Strom-STRATT, and STADEN.
STITCHES (Anglo-Saxon), _deep narrow furrows for draining
land_.—STITCH-bury, STITCHEL, STETCH-worth.
STOKE (Anglo-Saxon), _a place by the water_.—STOKE, STOKE-Pogis, &c.
STOW (Anglo Saxon) _a place_, _village_; STOE, STA (Scandinavian).—STOWE,
Chep-STOW, Sme-STOW, Bri-STOL, STOW-market, STOW-on-the-Wold, Dock-STA
(marshy-_place_), Bro-STA (bridge-_village_), Fog-STOEN, Haver-STOE
(oat-_village_), and Mogle-STUE.
THING (Scandinavian), _a council_.—THING-oe, DING-wall.
THORPE, TORP, DRUP, RUP, UP (Scandinavian), _a village_; TORF,
DORF (German).—Col-THORPE, Adles-TROP, Soul-DROP, Cracken-THORPE
(crow-_village_), Hack-THORPE, Ebers-DORF, Al-TORF, Hump-DRUP, Brade-RUP.
TON, TUN (Anglo-Saxon), _an enclosure_, _town_.—Ac-TON, Wes-TON, New-TON,
Clay-TON, TUN-bridge, TUN-stall, Eas-TYN, As-TEN.
TWISTLE, TWIZLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a border_, _boundary_.—Ex-TWISTLE,
Hal-TWISTLE, Hau-TWYSEL, Tin-TWISEL, TWIZELL, TWISEL.
TYE (Anglo-Saxon), _a district_.—TEE-ton, the TYES, TEW, TEIGH, TEY.
WAR, WARK (Scandinavian), _a fortification_.—Ne-WARK, Grims-ARGH,
South-WARK, WAR-cop, WARK-leigh, Lessoe-VARKS, WARK-um.
WARD (Anglo-Saxon), _a watch_, _guard_, &c.—WARD-le, WARD-en, WART-hill.
WALL, VOLD (Scandinavian), _a rampart_, _mound_,
_fortification_.—Ting-WALL, Kirk-WALL, WALL-op, Ude-VALLA, Eids-VOLD.
WEILER (German), _a dwelling station_.—Esch-WEILER, Buchs-WEILER.
WON, WIN (Anglo-Saxon), _a dwelling_, _possession_.—WON-ersh, WON-ton,
WON-ford.
LONDON: JUDD & GLASS, NEW BRIDGE STREET, BLACKFRIARS, E. C.
Transcriber’s Note
Typesetting errors (misplaced, wrong or missing punctuation; use of
_italics_ and UPPER CASE LETTERS) have been corrected. For the most part,
place names have not been checked for accuracy: the large number of them
made this impractical. A few spelling mistakes that were apparent have,
though, been corrected.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Etymology of Local Names, by R. Morris