CREAS-y, _nasturtium_ dwelling by the stream;
CRESS-ham, _nasturtium_ home;
CRESS-low, _nasturtium_ hill.
MOSS gives name to
MOSE-ley, MOSS-ley, _moss_ meadow;
MOS-ton, _moss_ town;
MUS-borough, _moss_ city;
Gil-MOSS, the rivulet of the _moss_;
MOSS-soe, _moss_ lake;
MOSEN-berg, _moss_ hill;
MOS-bach, _moss_ stream.
SEDGE appears in
SEDGE-moor;, SEDGE-ly, _sedge_ meadow;
SEDG-barrow, _sedge_ wood.
The RUSH is an element in
RUSH-ley, _rush_ meadow;
RUSH-hulme, _rush_ island;
RUSH-mere, _rush_ marsh;
RIS-borough, _rush_ city;
RUS-combe, _rush_ valley;
RUS-warp, _rush_ mound;
RUSH-worth, _rush_ farm;
RUS-land, RUSH-land, _rush_ district.
The NETTLE in NETTLE-combe, NETTLE-den, NETTLE-stead, and NETTLE-ton.
The REED gives name to
REED-ham, _reed_ home;
RID-ley, _reed_ meadow;
ROR-bach, _reed_ stream; &c.
BARLEY (BIGG) may be traced in
BIG-by, _barley_ town;
BYG-land, _barley_ district.
BEANS appear in
BIN-stead, _bean_ dwelling;
BEEN-ham, _bean_ home;
BINE-gar, _bean_ enclosure;
BIN-don, _bean_ hill;
BIN-field, _bean_ field.
The OAT occurs in OAD-by, OT-ley, and OAT-land.
The Scandinavian HAVER (_oats_) gives names to HAVER-ham, HAVER-ford, and
HAVER-thwaite.
The SLOW is easily seen in SLOW-burn and SLOW-combe.
HAW-ley and HAW-don derive their name from the _haw_; APSE, ASP-ley, and
ASP-don from the _asp_ (aps).
WHEAT appears in WHIT-field, WHEAT-ley, WHEAT-hamp-stead, WHEAT-on,
WHATE-ly, and WHIT-barrow.
SHROP-ham, SHROP-shire, SCROP-ton, SCROP-ley-hill, SCRAP-loft, and SCROBB
are derived from SCRYBE, a _shrub_; as well as SCREVE-by, SCROO-by, and
SCRAF-ton.
WORT-ley, WORT-well, WOR-stead, WORS-borough, WORS-ley, WROOT, WURZ-burg,
WURZ-ach, WURZ-em, &c., contain the root WYRT, WORT, an _herb_.
(_D_) NAMES OF MINERALS.
ERZ (German), _Ore_, occurs in
ERZ-gebirge, _ore_ mountains;
ERZ-en, _ore_ district.
CLAY in
CLAY-pole,
CLAY-worth,
CLAY-gate, _clay_ street;
CLAY-don, _clay_ hill;
CLAI-borne, _clay_ stream.
CISEL (_gravel_)
CHISEL-hampton,
CHISEL-don,
CHESIL-borne,
CHISEL-hurst, _gravel_ forest;
CHISEL-bury, _gravel_ city;
CHESIL-bank, _gravel_ bank.
CHALK gives name to CHALK-grove, CHAL-ford, CHILT-ern, KALK-stein, and
CALKE.
GRIES (German), _gravel_, is found in
GRIES-bach, _gravel_ stream;
GRIES-heim, _gravel_ home;
GRIES-kirch, _gravel_ church; &c.
MARL occurs in MAR-low, MARL-borough, and MARLS-ton.
SALT appears in SALTER-ton, SALT-ash, SALTN-ey, SAL-combe, SALT-coats;
SALZ-brunn, SALZ-burg, SALZ-dahl-um, SALZ-wedel, &c.
EISEN (German), _iron_, is found in EISEN-ach, EISEN-berg, EIS-eld,
EIS-leben, EIS-grub, EISEN-burg, &c.
SAND gives name to SAND-wich, SAND-hurst, SANDER-croft, &c.
STONE (STAN) appears in STONE-leigh, STAN-ley, STAN-ton, STAINES,
STAN-bury, STAIN-land, STAIN-drop, STAN-hope; STEEN-bergen, STEEN-wyk,
STEIN, STEIN-ach, STEIN-au, STEIN-bach, STEIN-borth, STEIN-holm,
STEIN-horst, STEIN-weiss, &c.
(_E_) ADJECTIVES.
AL, ALT, ALD, AU (_old_)—ALD-borough, AL-thorpe, AL-bourne, AL-ton,
AL-ford, AL-cester; ALTEN-burg, ALTEN-markt, ALTEN-dorn, ALTEN-feld,
AL-torf, OLDE-bach, OLDE-boorn, OLDEN-dorf, OLDEN-burg, AU-burn, and
AU-thorpe.
BRAD (_broad_)—BRAD-well, BRAD-stock, BRAD-ford; BREIT-horn,
BREITEN-bach, &c.
CHEIL, COL, CALD (_cold_)—COL-burn, COAL-brook, COLD-stream, COLD-side,
CHELS-field, COWD-ham, CHILD-hay, CHILT-thorn, CHIL-worthy, CALD-well;
CALDE-cote, CAL-bourne, CAUDE-bec (CALDE-bec), COLDEN-weide, COLDEN-hoff,
KALT-brun, KALTEN-nord-heim, and KALTEN-sund-heim.
DEOP (_deep_)—DEPT-ford, DEEP-dale, DIEPEN-beck, DIEPEN-heim, DIEPEN-au,
&c.
KINE, KING (_royal_, _king_)—KINE-ton, KINNER-ton, KINGS-bury, KINGER-by.
OST, OOST, OSTEN (_east_)—EAST-bourne, EAS-ton; OST-ende, OSTER-ach,
OSTER-end, OSTER-holz, OSTE-rode, OSTER-sunde, OST-hem, OST-heim,
OST-wolde, OOST-burg, OOSTER-einde, OOSTER-wyk, OOSTER-wolde, OOST-kerke,
&c.
HOL (_hollow_)—HOL-beach, HOL-land, HOL-born, HOL-bek, HOLLEN-beek, &c.
LANG (_long_)—LANG-baurgh, LANG-don, LANGEN-hoe.
LILLE (_little_)—LILLES-don, LILLES-hall.
MICKLE, MUCH (_large_)—MICKLE-fell, MICKLE-field, MUCH-wen-lock.
NOR, NORD (_north_)—NOR-folk, NOR-ham, NOR-mandy, NOR-mark, NOR-den,
NORD-heim, NORR-telge, NORR-land, NORR-koping, NORD-horn, NOORD-welle,
NOORDER-wyk, NORDEN-ey, &c.
NEU, NIEU (_new_)—NEU-berg, NEU-haus, NEU-land, NEU-stadt, NIEU-wold,
NIEUW-kerk, NIEU-berg, NY-stad, NY-kerk, &c.; NEW-lands, NEW-ark,
NEW-bury, NEW-ton, &c.
NIEDER, NETHER (_downward or further_)—NETHER-bury, NETHER-compton,
NETHER-lands, NIEDER-bronn, NIEDER-rad, NIEDERN-hall, NIEDER-wald,
NIDER-dorf, &c.
SUD, SUT (_south_)—SUR-rey, SUF-folk, SUT-ton, SUS-sex, SOUTH-leigh,
SOUT-ham, SOUTH-end, SUT-torp, SUD-bury, SUDER-oe, SUNDER-land,
Kalten-SUND-heim, SUND-gau, SODER-fors, SODER-hamn, SODER-telge,
SORER-Koping, &c.
SELL (_happy_, _fortunate_)—SEL-by, SEL-kirk, SELL-hurst, &c.;
SELIGEN-stadt, SELIGEN-thal, &c.
UP, UPPER (_higher_)—UP-ton, UP-hay, UP-lyme, UP-sala, &c.
UNDER (_lower_) UNDER-barrow, UNDER-cliffe.
WEST, WESTER, VESTER (_west_)—WEST-bury, WESTER-borg, WESTER-by,
WESTER-holt, WESTER-land, WESTER-loo, WEST-heim, WEST-land, WEST-rup,
WESTR-um, VEST-irg, VESTER-hoe, &c.
DIVISION II.
GENERAL ELEMENT.
(_A_) WORDS SIGNIFYING WATER, RIVER, &c.
EA.—This Anglo-Saxon word signifies (1) _water in general_, and (2) _any
running body of water_, _river_, &c.—It occurs in the names of rivers, in
the names of places near rivers, and in the names of marshes formed by
rivers.
The rivers Medway and Stour were anciently written Meduw-EA, and Stur-EA.
In the East Anglian counties the term is still preserved, for we meet
with Popham’s EA, St. John’s EA, Hammond EAU, &c.
EYE, YEO, and AYE, are slightly altered forms of the same root, and EA is
another name for the river Leven.
E-hen, fowl _river_;
EA-mont (EA-mot), _water_-meeting.
The following places near rivers contain some form of the Anglo-Saxon
root, EA:—
Chels-EA, the cold _river-marsh_;
Batters-EA, St. Peter’s _river-marsh_;
It formerly belonged, together with _Peter’s_-ham, to _St. Peter’s_
Abbey, Cherts-EY.
EA-ton, E-ton, the town of the _river_;
E-dale, the _river_ vale;
E-rith, _water_ channel;
EA-land, YEA-land, _river_ district;
EG-ham, the dwelling on the _stream_.
The plural form, EAS, _water-course_, occurs in EAS-dale, EAS-writh, and
EAS-tyn.
In the Gothic we meet with the following cognate forms:—AHA, AUE, AWE,
OWE, AHVA, and ACH, _e.g._,
Fuld-a, Fuld-AHA;
Goth-a, Goth-AHA;
Lahn, Lon-AHA;
Sieg, Seg-AHA.
We find A, a contraction of AHA, in Schwein-A, Asch-A, Born-A, Buch-A,
Baren-wald-A, Konigs-werth-A, Hoyers-werd-A, Berk-A, Vach-A, Goth-A, &c.
In Burgundy, we find the terminations AY, OY, and Y, used to designate
_habitations established along running water_, _e.g._—Cambr-AY, Tourn-AY,
Dou-AY, Quesn-OY, Chaum-Y, &c.
The ending OW, in Beesk-OW, Godan-OWA, and Buch-OW, is another form of
the same root.
The form ACH occurs in
Stadt-stein-ACH,
Dorn-ACH,
AACH-en,
Baden-ACH,
Gold-ACH,
Nieder-ACH,
Stein-ACH, the stony-dwelling on the _stream_;
Wurz-ACH, the herb dwelling on the _stream_;
Wolf-ACH, the wolf’s dwelling on the _stream_;
Rod-ACH, the cleared spot or path on the _stream_.
The plural form, AR, ER, signifying _the confluence of waters_, occurs in
OHRE, ER-furt, OHR-druf, and Neck-AR.
The Scandinavian forms for water, are, A, AA, and AAE.
In England we find Cald-A, Routh-A, Rath-A, AY-am, AY-cliffe, &c.
AA occurs as the name of several rivers in Hanover, France, Brabant,
Groningen, and Switzerland.
AA is found in
Nips-AAE,
Schol-AAE,
Sus-AAE,
Skar-A,
Grenn-A,
Wad-sten-A,
Sal-A,
Nor-A,
Hag-A,
Foss-AA,
AA-kirke,
A-bo, the dwelling by the _water_;
A-land, _water_ district;
A-hus, the house by the _water_;
A-dorf, AY-throp, the village by the _water_.
AIN, _the river_, forms part of the following names:—Glomm-EN, Alt-EN,
Ul-EN, Sus-EN, &c.
BECK (Scandinavian), _a rivulet_.—In England, the following places
contain this root:—
Elder-BECK,
BECK-cote,
Raven-BECK,
Pinch-BECK,
Wel-BECK,
Pur-BECK,
Crumm-OCK-water,
Crum-BECK-water,
Hol-BECK, hollow _rivulet_;
Hil-BECK, hill _rivulet_;
Swarth-BECK, black _rivulet_;
BECK-with, the wood of the _rivulet_;
BECKEN-ham, the home of the _rivulet_;
Wans-BECK, Odin’s _rivulet_;
Coupland BECK (Coupman BECK), merchant’s _rivulet_;
BEX-ley, the meadow of the _rivulet_;
BECK-ford, the ford of the _rivulet_, called the Yare or Yarty.
In Denmark we meet with Aale-BEKS, Aal-BEK, Egje-BEK, Vinde-BEK, and
Hol-BEK.
In Oldenburg we find Vis-BECK, _sacred rivulet_; in the south of
Luxemburg we meet with BECKE-rich, the _district of the rivulet_.
In West Flanders the form BEKE occurs in Roos-BEKE, Wam-BEKE,
Haerle-BEKE, Meule-BEKE, &c.; in south Brabant the form BEEKE is
prevalent, _e.g._—Buns-BEEKE, Clab-BEEKE, &c. We also meet with a
BECKE-voort, having the same signification as BECK-ford in England.
The root BECK occurs very frequently in the names of places in the
neighbourhood of the rivers Rhine and Elbe, _e.g._—Wandes-BECK,
Schwarzen-BECK, Flot-BECK, Stein-BECK, Barn-BECK, Suder-BECK, Hals-BECK,
Schip-BECK, &c.
In France we find the exact spots where many of the old Norse leaders
settled down, by the presence of this root—_e.g._,
Bol-BEC, the habitation by the _rivulet_;
Foul-BEC, the _rivulet_ of birds;
Ro-BEC, the _rivulet_ of the cleared ground;
Caude-BEC, the cool _rivulet_.
In Germany and Austria we find the cognate form, BACH, _a rivulet_—_e.g._,
Hunds-BACH, the hound’s _rivulet_;
Ror-BACH, the reed _rivulet_;
Gries-BACH, the gravelly _rivulet_;
Finster-BACH, the dark _rivulet_;
Eschen-BACH, the ash _rivulet_;
Ross-BACH, the horses’ _rivulet_;
Erl-BACH, the alder _rivulet_;
Alde-BACH, the ancient _rivulet_;
Fisch-BACH, the fish _rivulet_;
Bem-BACH, the tree _rivulet_;
Wam-PACH, the deep _rivulet_.
BATH (BAED, BAETH, BAD, Anglo-Saxon), _water_.—BATH, BATH-ford,
BATH-easton, BAD-by, BAD-bury, BADON-hill, BUX-ton, BA-ke-well, &c.
The German form, BAD, PAD, occurs in BADEN, Wies-BADEN, Carls-BAD.
BORNE, BOURNE, BURN, BURNE (Anglo-Saxon), _a stream_, from BIRNAN, to
_burn_.—It “denotes the bubbling of a welling running stream with the
singing of the boiling water and the flaming of fire.”
Winter-BORNE, the _stream_ flowing in the winter season;
Sher-BORNE, the clear _stream_;
Ty-BORN, the district _stream_;
Hol-BORN, the hollow _stream_;
Col-BURN, the cool _stream_;
Hart-BURN, the hart’s _stream_;
BURN-side, the habitation of the _stream_;
BURN-ham, the _stream_ dwelling;
Au-BURN, the ancient _stream_;
He-BURN, the high _stream_.
We find BORN on the continent, in Sal-BORN, Pader-BORN, Sonne-BORN,
Eschen-BORN, &c.
The German form, BRUN, occurs in
Wolf’s-BRUNNEN, the wolf’s _stream_;
Kiesel-BRUNN, the gravelly _stream_;
Schön-BRUNN, the bright _stream_;
BRUNS-wick, the city on the _stream_;
BRUNS-buttel, BRUNS-torp, the village on the _stream_.
BOTTEN, BOTN (Scandinavian), _the sea_.—Gulf of BOTHNIA, Norr-BOTTEN,
BODEN-see, BOTT-sand, Holt-PADE, Lacus BODAM-icus (Lake Constance),
BOTTEN Viken, BOTTEN Hafvet, &c.
BRIGG, BRIDGE, _a passage of wood or stone over a river_.—It is often
applied to fording and landing places.
BRIGG,
Glandford BRIGGS;
BRIG-stock;
BRIX-ham, the home of the _bridge_;
BRIX-ton, the town of the _bridge_;
BRIS-tol, the dwelling-place of the _bridge_.
The Scandinavian form, BRO, occurs in
BRO-ra, _bridge_-rivulet;
BRO-gar, _bridge_-enclosure;
Vester-BRO, west-_bridge_; &c.
As cognate forms, we find BRUGES, Esten-BRUG, Coppen-BRUGGE, BRUGG, BRIG,
Inns-BRUCK, Del-BRUCK, Konigs-BRUCK, Hers-BRUCK, BRUCK, BRUCKEN-au.
BRED, BREAD (Anglo-Saxon), _border_, _shore-bank_.—BREAD-sale, BRET-by
clump, BRED-hurst, BRED-field, BRED-sted.
BRAD (Anglo-Saxon), _broad_, _expansive_, _the expansion of a river
in a flat country_, _a lake so formed_.—Outton-BROAD, Braydon-BROAD,
BREYDON-water, Mut-ford-BROAD.
BROC (Anglo-Saxon), _a brook_, _a rushing stream_.—BROX-ash, BROX-bourne,
Ock-BROOKE, Cole-BROOKE, Ful-BROOK, Wam-BROOK, Mill-BROOK, BRUCK-land.
We find the same root in Rad-BROCK, Alten-BROCK, Ooster-BROCK,
Wester-BROCK, Strad-BROKE.
BRUOCH (old High German), and BRUCH (German), evidently cognate forms,
signify a _bog_ or _marsh_, _e.g._—Alten-BRUCH, BRUCH-sal, BRUCH-berg and
BRUSSELS (BRUSCHELS).
CEOL, CIOL (Anglo-Saxon), KEOL (Danish), _a ship_.—KIEL, KIELER-fiord,
CULEN-burg, and KUYLEN-burg.
CRUNDEL (Anglo-Saxon), _a water-course_, “a spring or well with its
cistern, trough, or reservoir to receive water.”—GRINDLE, GRINDLA-ton,
GRINDLES-mere, CRON-DALL, Crow’s CRUNDEL, Cradwan CRUNDEL (Crowden FARM).
COMBER (Scandinavian), KUMPR (Old Norse), _a running sheet of water_; and
hence it enters into combination with the names of places bordering on
ponds and water-troughs.—COMBER-ton, COMBER-mere, COMBER-bach.
DAM, from DAMMEN (German), _to bank, dam_.—Amster-DAM, (Armstel-DAM),
Rotter-DAM, Saar-DAM, Schie-DAM, &c.
DELVE (English), _to dig_.—DELVE is a local word, signifying a _quarry_
or _ditch_.—DELVEN-au and DELFT.
DIC (Anglo-Saxon), _a ditch, dike, or river_.—Wans-DIKE, Wran-DYKE, DISH,
Flen-DISH (Flamin-DIC), Cars-DYKE, Hague-DIKE, DYCK-buttel, Wolvers-DYKE,
&c.
DIUPR, DIUP (Scandinavian), _deep_.—It is often applied to parts of the
sea, and to rivers.—DIEPPE, DIUPA, DEPE-dale, Hollands-DIEP, Mars-DIEP.
We also find Linn DEEPS.
DUB (Scandinavian), _a pool or piece of water_ (from DYB, (Danish),
_deep_).—Ash-DUB, the ash-pool.
EFES, EVES (Anglo Saxon), _the bank of a river, a border, edge of a
mountain_.—EAVES-ham, Habergham-EAVES, EVES-batch, EVES-knoll.
ELF (Scandinavian), _a river_.—ELFS-burg, ELFS-nabben, Kong-ELF,
ELF-karle-by, ELBE, ALB, &c.
FIORD (Danish), FIORTH (Old Norsk), FIRTH (Scotch), _an inlet of the sea,
a bay, a station for ships_.—FIRTH of Forth, FIRTH of Tay. (Frith is a
mis-spelling for Firth.)
The FORD in Mil-FORD, Haver-FORD, Water-FORD, is not to be confounded
with FORD, a _passage_, but is another form of the Scandinavian FIORD, in
Kieler-FIORD, Ecken-FIORD, Laxe-FIORD, &c.
FORD, FORT, FYRD (Anglo-Saxon), FORTH (Scandinavian), _a passage through
a stream_.
Holm-FORTH, island _ford_;
Spot-FORTH, the place at the _ford_;
Sand-FORD, Mud-FORD, Brad-FORD, _ford_;
Cuck-FORD, the rapid _ford_;
Whit-FORD, the wide _ford_;
Ox-FORD, the _ford_ of the ox;
Rom-FORD, the broad _ford_;
Stam-FORD, the stony _ford_;
Here-FORD, the _ford_ of the army;
Wad-FORD, the waded _ford_;
Sto-FORD, the dwelling-place at the _ford_;
Ash-FORD, the _ford_ of the ash;
FRODS-ham, the home of the _ford_;
TIVER-ton (Twy-FORD-tun), the two _ford_ town.
The German FURT, a _ford_, occurs in Hirsch-FURT (Hart-FORD), Her-FURT
(Here-FORD), Schwein-FURT (Swine-FORD), Ochsen-FURT (Ox-FORD).
The Dutch VOORT, a _ford_, is found in Wester-VOORT, Becke-VOORT,
Amers-FOORT, Brede-VOORT, &c.
FEN, FAEN (Anglo-Saxon), _wet-land_.—FEN-ham Flats, FEN Ditton, Walling
FEN, FEN-stan-ton, FENI-ton, FINS-bury, FEN-brig, &c.
The Dutch form, VEEN, occurs in Amster-VEEN, and in VEN-lo, &c.
FLJOT, FLOI, FLOD (Scandinavian), FLEOT, FLETH (Anglo-Saxon), FLEET
(English), _a flow or flush of water, channel or arm of the sea between
the coast, and an island, a river, a tide creek_.—The presence of
the root marks habitations on the sea, rivers, or canals.—The FLEET,
Long-FLEET, Ben-FLEET, Shal-FLEET, Salt-FLEET, Fax-FLEET. The FLOW (a
piece of water in Scotland), FLOW Moss, Solway FLOW, FLOUT-ern, Scar-LET,
and FLOW-ton.
In France the root FLOI occurs under the form, FLEUR, in Bar-FLEUR,
Har-FLEUR, Vite-FLEUR (White-FLEET), FLOT-beck, Pos-FLETHE, Beyden-FLETH,
and Aver-FLETH.
FORS, FORSE, FORCE, FOSS (Scandinavian), _a water fall_.—River FOSS,
FORSS-water, FORSE, FORSIN-ard, Low-FORCE, Scale-FORCE, Billing-FORS,
FOS-kilde, and FOS-land.
GAT (Scandinavian), _a sound_.—Catte-GAT, the GATT, Helle-GAT, Rams-GATE,
Mar-GATE.
GAU (German), _a district watered by a river_.—Aar-GAU, Tor-GAU,
Breis-GAU, Bur-GAU, Wolve-GA, and Finke-GA.—GAW, in England, as a
local word, signifies _a hollow with water springing in it_, _a
furrow_.—GAW-thorpe, GOY-don, &c.
GEO (Scandinavian), _a hollow_, _a chasm in the shore_, _a small
inlet_.—Wolfs-GEO, GUI-odin, GUE-odin (Odin’s-inlet), Varren-GE-fiord,
Varen-GE-ville, Varren-GUE-bec.
GOE (Old Norsk), _a cleft_, _a small opening in the land_, _a
bay_.—Red-GOE, Raven-GOE, Tod’s-GOE, Whale-GOE.
GILL (Scandinavian), _a small gravelly stream_, _also a glen or valley_;
GOOL, _a ditch_.—Row-GILL, Woo-GILL-tarn, Kesh-GILL-burn, Esh-GILL,
Ive-GILL, GILS-land, &c.; GOOLE, GILLE-by, GILLE-skaal, &c.
GOUT, GOTE, _a drain or ditch_, from Geotan (Anglo-Saxon), _to
pour_.—River GOYT, Win-thorpe-GOUT, Trus-thorpe-GOUT, Tyd-GOTE, GOT-ham,
&c.
From the German GIESSEN, gösse, gegossen, _to pour_, _to water_, are
derived—GIES-en, GIESS-bach, GOSS-au, &c.
HAF (Scandinavian), _the sea_, HAVN (Danish), _a haven_.—Stone-HAVEN,
White-HAVEN.
The old HAAF, HAVRE, HAVER-ford, HAFS-lund, Frische-HAF, Aland HAF, HAFF
of Stettin, HAFS-loe, Westman’s HAVN, HAVN-sur-Dive, HAVN-sur-Mederet, &c.
HAMN (Scandinavian), _a port_, _bay_, _gulf_.—HAMNA-voe, Soder-HAMN,
Carls-HAMN, Torn-HAMN-sudde, Quister-HAM, Go-HAM, Cane-HAM, Estre-HAM,
HAM-bye, &c.
HATCH (Provincial), _a flood-gate_, _dam_.—Mers-ham-HATCH,
Kelve-don-HATCH.
HYD, HITHE, HYTHE (Anglo-Saxon), originally _a receptacle_; (2), _haven_;
(3), _coast_.—HYTHE, HYDE, Seche-HYTHE, Rother-HITHE, Green-HITHE,
Lamb-ETH.
HOLM (Scandinavian), _a river island_, _a green plot of ground surrounded
by water_, _low land lying along the river or ocean_.—HOLM, HOLMES,
HOLM-moss, HOLM-head, HOLM-forth, Kirk-yet-HOLM, Hipper-HOLME, Den-HOLM,
Steep-HOLM, and Flat-HOLM, HOULMES (near Rouen), Engo-HOMME, Tur-HULM
(Tor-HOLM), Stock-HOLM, Hoy-HOLM, Borg-HOLM, Born-HOLM.
HEAFOD (Anglo-Saxon), _the source of a stream_.—Wood-HEAD, Holm-HEAD,
Leather-HEAD, &c.
IG (Anglo Saxon), _an island_.—It assumes the various forms of EAGE,
AEGE, EIG, &c.—AIG-burth, EIGH-ton, EG-ham, IGHT-field, IGHT-ham, &c.
KELL, KELD (Scandinavian), _a spring_, “the gathering of water within
a hill side, which then bursts out with a considerable gush, and forms
a strong stream.”—KIL-ham, KIL-bourn, KEL-sal, KIL-hope, KEL-stedge,
KEL-sale, KEL-sey, Lath-KILL, Gunner-KILD-bottom, Oer-KELL, Halli-KELD,
Sal-KELD, KIELDER Moors, KELDER-vik.
LAD, LODE, LADE (Anglo-Saxon), _water running into the sea_, _a pan
for water_, _a drain_, _a pool_, _a gentle lake_, _an artificial
water-course_.—River LYDE or LYTHE, Even-LODE, West-LODE, Whap-LODE,
Salter’s LODE-sluice, So-ham-LODE, Burwell-LODE, Reach-LODE,
Swaff-ham-LODE, Lech-LADE.
LAYS (Provincial), _lakes_; LAY, _a large pond_.—LOWES-toft, the field of
lakes; the provincial form is LAYS-toft; forest of LOWES, LOWES-by, &c.
LAUG (Scandinavian), _water_.—Bal-LAUGH, Lamp-LUGH, LAUGH-ton,
Skir-LAUGH, Winters-LAG, &c.
LOCK, _meeting of waters_, _junction of rivers_.—Mat-LOCK, Whee-LOCK,
Wen-LOCK.
LECHA, LETCH, _a small river_.—LECK-hamp-stead, LATCH-ford, LECKON-field,
LETCH-worth.
LAGU, LAGE, LACHE (Anglo-Saxon), _water_, _a lake_.—River LAC, Mort-LAKE,
Shock-LACH, LAKEN-heath, Ship-LAKE, Burg-has-LACH, Dur-LACH, and LACE-by.
MERE (Anglo-Saxon), _a lake_.—Comber-MERE, Winder-MERE, Col-MERE,
MER-ton-Say, Hornsea-MERE, Youns-MERE, Ring-MER, Aves-MERE;
Haar-lem-MERE, Alk-MAAR, MOR-ton, MAR-tin.
MIRE, the Scandinavian form, MYRI (Old Norsk), signifies _a marsh or
bog_.—Gris-MIRE, Ling-MIRE, Wrag-MIRE, Sour-MIRE.
In Norway we find Rosse-MYRE, and in Iceland, Skala-MYRE.
We find the Frisian form, MAR, in MAR-strand, Hiel-MAR, MAR-stall,
Wis-MAR, Wol-MAR.
MERSC, MARS, MAS (Anglo-Saxon), _a marsh or bog_.—MARS-ton-moor,
MERS-ham, Raw-MARSH, Alder-MAS-ton, MERST-ham, MEAS-ham, MARSK,
Os-MAS-ton, MAS-ham, Tor-MAS-ton, MARS-den, the MASH.
Perhaps the river MEASE or MEUSE is derived from the same root.
MUND (German), _the mouth of a river_; MUYDEN (Dutch); MOUTH
(English).—Rore-MUND, Wel-MEND, Witt-MUND, Warne-MUNDE, MUNDEN, MUIDEN.
OE (Scandinavian), _an island_.—Angles-EY, Guerns-EY, Aldern-EY,
Shepp-EY, Nordern-EY, Wolv-EY, Holm-OE, Wragg-OE, Wag-OE, Rom-OE,
Hoal-OE, Far-OE, Langer-OOG, Wanger-OOG, Cantal-EU, Jur-A, Isl-A,
Straths-AY.
ORD, ORT (Dutch), _a point_, _the junction of two rivers_.—Havel-ORT,
Calv-ORDE, Frederiks-ORT.
ORA (Anglo-Saxon), _the shore_, _coast_, _border_, _those parts of the
sea or river affording safe landing-places_.—OR-ton, HOR-ton, ORE-by,
Toln-ORE, HOR-dle.
The Scandinavian, EYR, EYRI, AUR, OI, ORE, occurs in ERI-boll, ERI-sta,
ORE-sund, Sand-AREA, Net-AREA, Rabbit-AREA.
OFER, OFRA, OVER (Anglo-Saxon), _the shore_, _bank_.—Little OVER, Mickle
OVER, OVER-leigh, Wend-OVER, And-OVER; OVER-yssel, Hann-OVER, OVER, near
Cologne, OFER, in the neighbourhood of the Elbe.
POT (Scandinavian), _the hole formed by a river in the rocks which
compose its bed_.—Lade-POT, Bull-POT, Spear-POTS.
PIDDLE, PUDDLE (Anglo-Saxon), _a thin stream_.—PIDDLE-town,
PIDDLE-trent-hide, River BIDDEL, Tol-PUDDLE, Aff-PUDDLE.
POL, POLE, PELL (Anglo-Saxon), _deep standing water_, _a detached or
enclosed piece of water_, _a haven or harbour_.—POOL-croft-hea, PUL-ham,
PEL-ham, Yar-POLE, PUL-borough, POOL-ey, POLES-worth, POOLE, &c.
PINE (Provincial), _a pit_.—Wash-ford-PYNE.
PYT (Anglo-Saxon), _a body of standing water_, _a puddle_, _cistern_;
from PYTTAN, _to excavate_.—PUTN-ey, PUTTEN-ham, PITS-ford, PUD-sey,
PITN-ey, Wool-PIT, PIT-stone, &c.
RA (Scandinavian), _a river_.—Oxe-RA, Bro-RA (bridged-river), Nordu-RA.
REA (Anglo-Saxon), RY-ton, RYE-gate.
RUN (Anglo-Saxon), _a stream_, _water-course_.—RUN-ton, RUN-ham.
RACK (Scandinavian), _a trace_, _strait_, _channel_.—Dam-RACK, Sky-RACK,
&c.; the RACE, Skage-RACK.
SOLA (Old High German), _water_, _river_.—Bagos-SOLA (BUG), SALZA, SAALE.
SLOH, SLAEW (Anglo-Saxon), _a slough_.—SLOUGH, the name of several places
in England.
SLAED, SLADE (Anglo-Saxon), _wet ground_, _low marshy ground_.—Lin-SLADE,
SLAI-thwaite, SLED-dale, SLOTEN.
SPOUT (Scandinavian), _a waterfall_.—Cautley SPOUT, Gale-forth-SPOUT,
SPYTEN-vand (in Norway), SPOUT.
STRIND, STRUND (Scandinavian), _the beach_, _sea coast_.—The STRAND,
Whitby-STRAND, Flad-STRUND, Nord-STRAND, Es-STRAND, &c.
SIKE (Scandinavian), _a water course_, _drain_.—Ful-SICK, Meer-SYKE.
STANG (Scandinavian), _a pool_.—Meller-STANG, Gar-STANG, &c.
STROM (Scandinavian), _a stream_.—STROMS-a, STROMS-oe, STROM-ness,
STRAUMS-ey, STROMS-holm, and Mael-STROM.
STROMMER, _a channel_ which separates the Isle of Siaeland from the Isle
of Amak.
SAEF, SIV (Anglo-Saxon), _a rush_, _torrent_.—The river SHEAF, SWAVES-ey,
&c.
SEA (Anglo-Saxon), SEE (German), _the sea_, _a lake_.—SEA-ham, SEA-ton,
SEA-forth, Horn-SEA, Whittle-SEA, &c.; Lang-SEE, Esrum-SEE, Gruner-SEE,
and Moss-SEE.
The Scandinavian SOE (_sea_), occurs in Mor-SOE, Mos-SOE, Sonder-SOE, &c.
SKELL (Scandinavian), _a well_, _spring_.—SKEL-man-thorpe, SKELL-eftea,
SKELDER-vik, SKEL-ton, &c.
SUND (Scandinavian), _separated_, _a channel_, _a strait_.—SUNDER-land,
the SOUND, Helle-SUND, Stral-SUND, &c.