Parliament,

its origin, ii. 156;

first scheme for representation of Commonalty in, 61;

its summons forbidden by Henry III., 64;

knights summoned to, 66, 150, 151;

Commons summoned to, 73;

representation of boroughs in, _ib._, 120, 121, 152-154;

finally constituted in 1295, 156;

attempt to include the clergy in, 157;

fixed at Westminster, 158;

Edward I.'s plan for representation of Scotland in, 171;

relations with the Crown, 181-183;

protests against papal exactions, 38, 222, 223, 225;

demands the dismissal of Gaveston, 187;

deposes Edward II., 199;

growth of its power, 201;

internal developement, _ib._, 202;

grouping of Estates in, 202, 203;

confirms recognition of Scotch independence, 205;

progress under Edward III., 230-232;

two Houses, 231;

repudiates John's submission to Rome, 275;

Edward III.'s relations with, 292;

its assent made necessary for subsidies on wool, 298;

English language first used in opening, 300, 356;

petition for due election of knights to serve in, 300;

acknowledges Richard II.'s claim to the succession, 307;

refuses to enfranchise serfs, 335;

struggle with Richard II., 352;

deposes him, iii. 1;

recognizes Henry IV., 2;

its relations with him, 3, 4, 22, 23;

importance at opening of Wars of the Roses, 86;

relations with York and Lancaster, 91, 92;

suspension under Edward IV., 91, 152;

recognizes Henry VII., 174;

Henry VIII.'s relations with, 288;

asks for Church reform, 290;

forbids appeals to Rome, 302;

Cromwell's dealings with, iv. 8, 9;

More's reverence for, 9;

developement under Henry VIII., 9-11;

temper under Edward VI., 66;

packing of, 67, 234;

relations with Mary, 77, 81, 85;

advance under Elizabeth, 233-239; v. 56-58;

"Admonition to," iv. 296;

suspension under Charles I., 272;

Pym's theory of, 346, 347;

schemes of the Convention for its reform, vi. 99;

first representation of Scotland and Ireland in, _ib._, 101;

new constitution of, in 1657, 122;

its strength and its weakness, 301, 302;

secures control over taxation and the army, vii. 61;

annual assembly, 62;

control over trade, 63;

the Whigs' management of, 176;

its duration fixed at seven years, 185;

relations with the people after the Revolution, 286-288;

need for its reform, 289-292;

George III.'s dealings with, 308, 309;

its dealings with Wilkes, 318;

publication of its debates, viii. 11;

composition after Union with Ireland, 139;

at Berwick, ii. 162;

at Coventry, iii. 75;

at Gloucester, ii. 289, 315;

at Marlborough, 89;

at Newcastle, 160;

at Norham, 136;

at Oxford, 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 323;

at St. Albans, ii. 66;

at Shrewsbury, 121, 371;

at Winchester, 66, 80, 82;

at York, 195;

the Addled, v. 196;

the Barebones, vi. 95;

the Cavalier, 201-204, 207;

moves to Oxford, 226;

its attitude towards France, 228;

relations with Charles, 240, 241;

rejects a scheme of Protestant comprehension, 252;

its distrust of the Cabal, 253;

grants a subsidy for the fleet, 260;

action in 1673, 271-274;

in 1674, 280, 281;

Danby's dealings with, 284-286;

action in 1678, 290;

dissolved, 299;

the Convention, vi. 194;

its dealings with the regicides, 195, 196;

settlement of the nation, 196-198;

of the Church, 199, 200;

dissolved, 200, 201;

the Club, iii. 91;

the Good, ii. 177, 304-307;

Long, its assembly, v. 349;

proceedings in 1640, 350, 351;

in 1641, 352-357, 362, 363, 369-371, 373-379;

raises an army, 377; vi. 1;

alliance with Scotland, 14, 15;

takes the Covenant, 16;

its ecclesiastical policy, 29, 30;

negotiates with Charles, 38;

attitude towards religious liberty, 45, 46;

proposes terms to the king, 47;

sets up Presbyterianism, 50;

negotiates with the Army, 54;

dealings with heresy, 60;

negotiates again with Charles, 63;

struggle with the Army, 65, 66;

its ruin, 67;

the Merciless, ii. 354;

the Rump, vi. 66;

its unwillingness to dissolve, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87;

struggle with the army, 89;

driven out, 90, 91;

recalled, 149;

driven out again, 150;

second return and dissolution, 151;

the Short, v. 340, 341;

the Wonderful, ii. 354;

of 1246, 38;

of 1248, _ib._;

of 1254, 73;

of 1257, 59;

of 1258, 60;

of 1259, 64;

of 1260, _ib._;

of 1261, 66;

of 1264, 71;

of 1265, 72, 73, 75, 80, 82, 153;

of 1266, 87;

of 1267, 89;

of 1275, 103, 107;

of 1283, 121;

of 1289, 123;

of 1295, 143, 154, 156, 157, 160;

of 1296, 160;

of 1309, 187;

of 1311, 189;

of 1313, 191;

of 1322, 195, 196;

of 1327, 199;

of 1328, 205;

of 1340, 231;

of 1341, 232;

of 1351, 256, 273;

of 1354, 299;

of 1365, 274;

of 1371, 301;

of 1376, 289;

of 1377, 310, 311;

of 1378, 289, 312, 315;

of 1379, 289, 316;

of 1380, 316;

of 1381, 334;

of 1385, 352;

of 1386, _ib._;

of 1388, 353;

of 1397, 370;

of 1398, 371;

of 1399, iii. 1;

of 1404, 15;

of 1413, 25;

of 1426, 91;

of 1447, 61;

of 1450, 68;

of 1451, _ib._;

of 1454, 72;

of 1455, 74;

of 1461, 118;

of 1484, 168;

of 1485, 174;

of 1515, 221;

of 1523, 244;

of 1529, 284, 288;

its action in 1531, 297;

in 1534, 305;

of 1539, 345;

of October 1553, iv. 75;

of November 1554, 88;

of 1559, 156, 157;

of 1563, 214, 215;

of 1570, 272;

of 1571, 292;

of 1581, 319;

of 1604, v. 153-155, 157, 160-163;

of 1610, 179-182;

of 1614, 195, 196;

of 1621, 220, 221, 225, 227-229;

of 1624, 235;

of 1625, 245-247;

of 1626, 249, 253;

of 1628, 259-264, 268-271;

of 1640, _see_ Parliament, Long and Short;

of 1654, vi. 101-106;

of 1655, 117, 123;

reassembles in 1658, 143;

its strife with Cromwell, 144;

dissolved, 145;

of 1659, 148, 149;

of 1660, _see_ Parliament, the Convention;

of 1661, _see_ Parliament, the Cavalier;

of 1679, vi. 299, 300, 304-306, 308;

of 1680, 312, 319, 320;

of 1681, 322-324;

of 1685, vii. 7, 9, 14, 15, 23;

of 1687, 23;

of 1689, 60-67, 69;

of 1690, 69, 88;

of 1695, 88, 89;

of 1699, 97, 98;

of 1701, 101-105, 107;

of 1702, 107;

of 1705, 125;

of 1714, 168;

of 1768, viii. 4, 7, 8, 11, 12;

of 1784, 69;

Irish, of 1634, v. 291, 292;

its condition in eighteenth century, viii. 35;

rejects free trade with England, 79, 118;

action in question of the Regency, 138;

Scottish, accepts Calvinism, iv. 187;

the Drunken, vi. 180;

of 1543, iv. 26, 28;

of 1563, 218;

of 1566, 228, 229;

of 1568, 260;

of 1703, vii. 127.

_See_ Commons, Lords, Statutes

Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348;

prepares to invade England, 356;

his difficulties, 357, 359;

raises the siege of Paris, 370;

of Rouen, 371;

dies, 373

Parpaglia, Papal Legate, iv. 191, 192

Parr, Catharine, iv. 24, 56

Parry, William, iv. 350

Parsons, Robert, iv. 318, 320, 345

Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93;

second, 96

Passau, treaty of, iv. 65; v. 175

_Paston Letters_, ii. 180; iii. 104, 154

Paterson, William, vii. 86

Patrick, St., i. 68

"Patriots," the, vii. 203, 204, 218

Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64

Paul IV., Pope (_see_ Caraffa), iv. 99, 101;

his demands on England, 102, 145;

on Elizabeth, 155, 156;

death, 160

Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163

Paulinus, St., i. 64, 67

Pavia, battle of, iii. 250

Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332;

its results, 333-335

Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118

Pecock, Bishop of Chichester, iii. 96

Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284

Peerage, increase of,

under James I., v. 200;

under Charles I., _ib._;

under Charles II., 201.

_See_ Lords

Peerage Bill, vii. 190, 191

"Peep o' Day Boys," viii. 119

Pelham, Henry, vii. 218, 226, 246, 250

Pembroke

surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59;

besieged by Cromwell, 61;

surrenders, 62

Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268

Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43

Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23

Pembroke, Earls of. _See_ Clare, Marshal, Tudor, Valence

Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48

Pencrych, Richard, ii. 357

Penda, king of Mercia, i. 66, 70-73

Pengwern becomes Shrewsbury, i. 98

Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202

Penn, William, vi. 335

Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236

Penry, John, iv. 343

Pepys, Roger, vi. 203

Pepys, Samuel, vi. 174;

his _Diary_, 157

Perceval, Spencer, viii. 189, 195, 196

Perche, Thomas, count of, ii. 2

Percies, the, ii. 378, 379; iii. 12

Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378;

constable of North Wales, iii. 10;

recovers Conway, 11;

defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12;

plots against Henry IV., 13;

slain, 14

Percy, Thomas, v. 158

Périgord restored to Edward III., ii. 266

Perrers, Alice, ii. 304, 306, 307

Perth,

Convocation at, ii. 171;

Protestant riot at, iv. 169

Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17

Peru conquered by Pizarro, iv. 329

Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189

Peter of Savoy, ii. 32

Peterborough

founded, i. 86;

burnt by northmen, 104

Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37

Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133

Peters, Hugh, vi. 28, 66

Petition

of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290;

the Millenary, v. 151;

of Right, 260, 261;

accepted by Charles I., 263

Petitions

to the king in Parliament, ii. 159;

changed into Statutes, iii. 90;

Triers of, ii. 159

"Petitioners" and "Abhorrers," vi. 314

Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360

Petre, Father Edward, vii. 20

Petty, Sir William, vi. 132, 169

Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162

Phelips, Sir Robert, v. 247, 248

Philadelphia, Congress at, viii. 19

Philip I., king of France, i. 190

Philip Augustus, king of France,

leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258;

quarrels with Richard, 259, 260;

plots with John, 261;

struggle with Richard, 263, 264;

conquers Normandy, 268, 269;

conquers Aquitaine, 270;

charged by the Pope to depose John, 333

Philip III., king of France, ii. 102

Philip IV., the Fair, king of France,

his relations with Scotland, ii. 141, 160;

seizes Guienne, 142;

truce with Edward, 168;

treaty, 170;

relations with the papacy, _ib._, 217, 224;

his _Royal Book_, iii. 161

Philip VI., of Valois, king of France, ii. 209;

relations with Pope and Emperor, 218;

attacks the Agénois and occupies Cambray, 219;

withdraws, 220;

supports Charles of Blois in Britanny, 233;

offers to restore Aquitaine, 235;

defeated at Crécy, 237-239;

fails against Edward and the Flemings, 244

Philip, son of Charles V. (Philip II. of Spain), iv. 79, 80;

king of Naples, 86;

marries Mary, _ib._;

person and manners, _ib._;

policy in England, 89, 90;

lord of Burgundy and king of Spain, 98;

leaves England, _ib._;

returns, 107;

war with France, 108;

policy towards Elizabeth, 137, 138, 154, 159, 175;

hopes for her conversion, 190;

compels Pius IV. to recall Parpaglia, 192;

urges Elizabeth to send envoys to Trent, 194;

sends help to the Guises, 209;

delays the Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 214;

turns towards Mary Stuart, 222;

relations with Mary and the Pope, 254, 255;

difficulties in the Netherlands, 255, 256;

refuses to join the French against England, 268;

his rule, 326-328;

character, 328;

policy, _ib._, 329;

king of Portugal, 335;

assembles the Armada, 344;

despatches it, 356;

designs on France, 369;

sends troops to the Leaguers, 371;

sends a second Armada, v. 60;

supports Irish rising, 62

Philip IV., king of Spain, vi. 190

Philip, Duke of Anjou, vii. 99, 100;

king of Spain (Philip V.), 101, 141, 142, 186

Philip, Archduke of Austria, iii. 170, 186, 208

Philiphaugh, battle of, vi. 41

Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III., ii. 198, 245-247

Philippines,

the, conquered by England, vii. 307;

restored to Spain, _ib._

Philpot, John, ii. 312

Picardy

ceded to Burgundy, iii. 120;

restored to France, 122

Pichegru, General, viii. 110

Pickering, Sir Gilbert, vi. 325

Picts, the, i. 30;

defeated by Hengest and Horsa, 32;

own Ecgfrith's supremacy, 88;

defeat him at Nectansmere, 89

_Piers the Ploughman_, ii. 178, 269-272

Pilgrim Fathers, the, v. 308-310

Pilgrimage of Grace, iii. 323

Pillnitz, conference at, viii. 96

Pinkie Cleugh, battle of, iv. 53

Pitt, William, vii. 204, 220;

opposes treaty with Russia, 247;

his relations with Walpole and the Pelhams, 249-251;

his lofty spirit, 251-255;

patriotism, 255-257;

eloquence, 257-259;

statesmanship, 259, 260;

supports Frederick II., 262, 263;

his place among English statesmen, 275, 276;

rejects peace with France and supports Frederick, 302;

plans of war in 1761, 303;

resigns, 304;

relations with George III. and the Whigs, 316;

denounces the Stamp Act, 327;

recalled to office, 328;

again withdraws, 329;

supports American resistance, 331;

demands repeal of the Stamp Act, 331;

his policy towards America, 337;

attacks the Declaratory Act, 338;

forms a ministry, 339, 340.

_See_ Chatham

Pitt, William, the younger, viii. 52, 62;

his Reform Bill, 63, 64;

Chancellor of the Exchequer, 65;

new scheme for parliamentary reform, 67;

First Lord of the Treasury, 69;

his temper, 70-72;

statesmanship, 72-74;

his plans of parliamentary reform, 75, 76;

finance, 77;

treaty of commerce with France, 79;

advocates abolition of slave-trade, _ib._;

resists the prince's claim to the regency, 84;

attitude towards the French Revolution, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95;

supports Fox's Libel Act, 92;

gives a constitution to Canada, _ib._;

endeavours to maintain peace, 102, 103;

position after the declaration of war, 104, 105;

his financial difficulties, 113, 114;

negotiations with France, 121, 126;

introduces the Income-Tax, 137;

effects union with Ireland, 138, 139;

his position during the war, 148-151;

revives plans for Catholic emancipation in Ireland, 152-155;

retires, 148, 155;

opposes Russia, 161;

returns to office, 170;

subsidizes a league against Napoleon, 172;

death, 173, 174

Pittsburg, vii. 266

Pius II., Pope, iii. 162

Pius IV., Pope,

his policy, iv. 190, 191;

recalls the council to Trent, 192, 193;

forbids attendance of Catholics at English Church service, 214

Pius V., Pope, iv. 226, 250;

relations with Philip II., 254, 256;

sends envoys to the English Catholics, 264;

issues a Bull for deposition of Elizabeth, 265;

sanctions the plans of Mary and Norfolk, 272

Pius VI., Pope, viii. 136

Pizarro, Francisco, iv. 329

Place Bill, vii. 62, 82

Plassey, battle of, vii. 261, 262

Plattsburg, English attempt on, viii. 205

Plauen, battle of, vii. 264

Pleas,

Common, Court of, ii. 109;

of the Crown, i. 264; ii. 109

Plymouth (Massachusetts), its foundation, v. 310

Poinet, Bishop of Winchester, iv. 119, 129, 131

Poitiers

captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 235;

battle of, 261-263

Poitou,

Henry III.'s campaign in, ii. 35;

ceded to France, 63;

recovered by Henry of Derby, 243;

restored to Edward III., 266;

won by Du Guesclin, 287

Poland,

contested election to the throne of, vii. 214;

partitions of, viii. 85, 108

Pole, Sir Geoffrey, iii. 349

Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, iii. 176

Pole, Michael de la, Earl of Suffolk, ii. 350-353

Pole, Reginald, iii. 333, 349; iv. 20;

his attainder reversed, 88;

received as Legate, _ib._;

chief minister, 98, 99;

suspected by the Pope, 102;

deprived of the legation, 145;

dies, 165

Pole, Sir Richard, iii. 349

Pole, William de la. _See_ Suffolk

"Politicals," the, iv. 139, 141-143

Poll-tax, ii. 311;

renewed under Richard II., 316;

resistance to, 319, 321;

in 1641, v. 363

Pont-de-l'Arche seized by Henry V., iii. 33

Pontefract,

Thomas of Lancaster executed at, ii. 195;

Richard II. imprisoned at, iii. 7;

Pilgrimage of Grace at, 323, 324

Ponthieu,

Harold wrecked on coast of, i. 159;

Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II. for, ii. 197;

granted in full sovereignty to Edward III., 266;

seized by Charles V., 285

Pontigny, St. Edmund of Canterbury at, ii. 42

Pontlevoi, battle of, i. 212

Pontoise,

negotiations between France and England at, iii. 35;

relieved by Talbot, 56

Poor Laws, Elizabeth's, iv. 276, 277

Pope, Alexander, vii. 204, 217, 294-297

Popish Plot, the, vi. 294-298, 311, 313

Porter, John, v. 82

Portland, Breton descent on, iii. 16

Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, third Duke of, viii. 104,

180, 189

Portland, Richard Weston, Earl of. _See_ Weston

Port Mahon taken by the French, vii. 248

Portmannimote, the, i. 296;

of Oxford, 306, 309

Porto Bello, capture of, vii. 219

Portreeve, the, i. 315;

of London, 303

Portsmouth,

Robert of Normandy lands at, i. 200;

Bishop Moleyns of Chichester slain at, iii. 63

Portsmouth, Louise de Quérouaille, Duchess of, vi. 176, 315, 321; vii.

5

Portugal

annexed to Spain, v. 335;

its colonies, 330, 336;

revolts, vi. 190, 192;

joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119;

conquered by Napoleon, viii. 185;

Wellesley's campaigns in, 186-188, 190, 191

Portugal, Don Antonio of, iv. 367

"Post-nati," v. 162, 163

Powell, Vavasour, vi. 223

Powys

conquered by Offa, i. 97;

annexed by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, ii. 55

Poynings, Sir Edward, iii. 181

Pragmatic Sanction, the, vii. 199, 200

Prague

seized by Frederick II., vii. 225;

battles of, v. 220; vii. 248

Prayer, Book of Common, iv. 49, 59;

set aside, 76;

adopted in Scotland, 118;

retained in Essex, 144;

restored, 158;

declared schismatic by the Pope, 214;

bill for its reform, 292;

restored again, vi. 208;

Scottish, of 1636, v. 327, 328

Preachers, "poor," ii. 317, 335;

unlicensed, forbidden by Convocation, iii. 20, 21

Presbyterianism in England

under Elizabeth, iv. 294, 296;

attempts to establish it, v. 58;

its relations with Puritanism, 59, 60;

established in Scotland, 137, 138, 140, 335;

the Long Parliament's relations with, 354, 355; vi. 14, 50;

re-established in Scotland, vii. 54

Presbyterians,

their hostility to the sectaries, vi. 45;

dominant position after the Restoration, 193;

Clarendon's policy towards, 207;

Charles II.'s, 209

Press,

censorship of, iv. 343;

liberty of, established, vi. 305;

growth of its power, viii. 11-13

Preston,

battle of, vi. 62;

surrender of Jacobites at, vii. 184

Prestonpans, battle of, vii. 228

"Pride's Purge," vi. 65

"Priests, Simple," ii. 317, 339

Primers, English, iv. 40

Printing, introduction of, iii. 155

Prior, Matthew, vii. 138

Privy Seals, Elizabeth's, iv. 233

Proclamations, James I.'s use of, v. 168, 172

"Protector," office of, offered to Oliver Cromwell, vi. 100

Protestantism,

its area at accession of Pius V., iv. 249, 250;

in England, its advance under Edward VI., 59;

effects of its spread among the people, 121, 122;

growth under Elizabeth, 292, 302-305;

position at her death, v. 107-109;

in Germany, growth after Peace of Passau, 175;

progress in Scotland, iv. 168, 169

Protestants, English,

More's dealings with, iii. 289;

their outrages, 343-345;

their position after Cromwell's fall, iv. 15, 16;

their outrages, 91, 97;

martyrdoms, 91-96, 144;

growth of extreme views among, 119, 120;

attitude towards the royal supremacy, 122;

position under Elizabeth, 149;

refugees, their leaning to Calvinism, 127;

strife among, _ib._, 128;

their writings, 128, 129, 133;

foreign, in England, 51, 74, 305;

German, Union of, v. 177

Protestation of the Parliament to James I., v. 228, 229

Provisions

of Oxford, ii. 61;

of Westminster, 62;

annulled by the Pope, 65;

by Mise of Amiens, 68

Prussia,

its alliance with England and France, vii. 199;

attacked by Napoleon, viii. 174;

rises against him, 201

Prynne, John, v. 305, 306, 329, 352

Pucklechurch, Eadmund the Magnificent slain at, i. 123

Puiset, Hugh, Bishop of Durham, i. 260

Pulteney, William, vii. 204

Puritanism,

its beginnings, iv. 132, 133, 339;

its relations with Presbyterianism, v. 59, 60;

with Calvinism, 86-88;

growth among the people, 88, 89;

among the clergy, 89, 90;

relation to politics, 91-93;

influence on society, 94-95;

on conduct, 95-97;

its relation to culture, 97, 98;

its narrowness, 101, 102;

its extravagance, 102-104;

its persecution of witches, 106, 107;

its doctrinal bigotry, 115;

hatred of sectaries, 116-118;

wish for reforms, 118, 119;

its ideal of the State, vi. 127, 128;

its political failure, 129;

reaction from, _ib._, 130, 142, 143, 162-165;

its fall, 153;

its after-results, 154;

its epic, 235-237

Puritans,

Elizabeth's relations with, iv. 339, 340;

their temper at her death, v. 109, 110;

appeal to James I., 151;

Laud's dealings with, 295-297;

their panic, 301, 302;

migration to America, 310-314, 319, 320;

Charles II.'s dealings with, vi. 208, 209

"Purveyance," ii. 290, 298

Pym, John, v. 262, 344, 345;

his political theory, 346, 347;

genius, 347, 348;

carries Strafford's impeachment, 350;

proposals for Church reform, 354;

one of the "five members," 373;

member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;

resists the abolition of Episcopacy, 14;

agrees to the adoption of the Covenant, 14, 15;

dies, 17;

outrage on his corpse, 201

Quakers,

persecution of, vi. 230, 231;

their settlement in Pennsylvania, 335

Quarles, Francis, v. 303

Quebec, capture of, vii. 267, 268

Queen's County, English settlement of, iv. 111

Queensberry, William Douglas, first Duke of, vii. 19

Quiberon, battle of, vii. 265

Quinci, Saher de, Earl of Winchester, i. 343

"Quo warranto," ii. 117

Rachentege, i. 221

Radnor captured by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 10

Rædwald, king of East Anglia, i. 59, 62

Rahere founds St. Bartholomew's Priory, i. 223

Raikes, Robert, viii. 47

Raleigh, Sir Walter,

discovers Virginia, iv. 345; v. 307;

sent to the Tower, 215;

last expedition, _ib._, 216;

death, 216;

his _History of the World_, 4;

_Lives of_, iv. 5

Ralph Niger, i. 174

Ramillies, battle of, vii. 126

Randolph, Sir Thomas, ii. 204, 210.

_See_ Moray

Rastadt, treaty of, vii. 141

Ratæ (Leicester), i. 37

Ratisbon, conference at, iv. 101

Ravenspur,

Henry of Lancaster lands at, ii. 379;

Edward IV. lands at, iii. 141

Ray, John, vi. 167

Reading, John Cook, abbot of, hanged, iii. 350

Redman, Robert, his _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179

Reeves

of towns, i. 296;

of royal demesnes, summoned to council at St. Albans, 339

Reformation

in England, iv. 58-60;

in Ireland, 62, 63.

_See_ Calvinism, Calvinists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Protestantism,

Protestants

Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, chosen archbishop, i. 329

Religion

of the old English people, i. 22-24;

Christian, _see_ Christianity, Church;

revival in twelfth century, 222

Remonstrance,

the Grand, v. 369, 370;

of the Council of officers, vi. 64;

on the State of the Realm, v. 262, 264

Renascence, the, iii. 188-190, 195;

its influence on English literature, v. 1-3

Réole, La, captured by Henry of Derby, ii. 234

Representation,

principle of, in old England, i. 20;

parliamentary, its origin, ii. 149, 150

Representation, Humble, of the army, vi. 53

Repyngdon, follower of Wyclif, ii. 340, 341

Requesens, governor of the Netherlands, iv. 300, 301, 310

Reresby's _Memoirs_, vi. 157

"Reserves," Papal, ii. 28

Revolution,

the English, its effect on the monarchy, vii. 60;

on Parliament, 62;

on the Church, 63, 64;

the French, _see_ France

Reynolds, Edward, Bishop of Norwich, vi. 200

Rhode Island, settlement of, v. 313

Rhys ap Tewdor, Prince of South Wales, i. 246; ii. 48

Rich, Edmund. _See_ Edmund

Richard (I.),

born at Oxford, i. 259;

rebels against Henry II., 254, 258;

crowned, 259;

releases the Scot-king from homage, ii. 134;

crusade, i. 259, 261;

prisoner, 261;

homage to the emperor, 262;

return, _ib._;

exactions for his ransom, 350;

character, 263;

struggle with Philip Augustus, _ib._, 264;

builds Château-Gaillard, 265-267;

death, 267, 268

Richard (II.), son of the Black Prince, ii. 303;

his claim to the succession questioned, 306;

acknowledged by Parliament, 307;

king, 311;

dealings with the Peasant Revolt, 322-324, 331, 332;

his person, character, and policy, 350, 351;

opposition to the Parliament, 352;

struggle with Gloucester, 353, 354;

his rule, 354, 355;

campaign in Ireland, 367, 378;

change in his temper, 368;

marries Isabella of France, _ib._;

quarrel with the Commons, 370, 371;

tyranny, 372;

seizes Lancastrian estates, 373;

second expedition to Ireland, 379;

return, 380;

betrayed to Henry of Lancaster, 381;

deposed, iii. 1;

prisoner at Pomfret, 7;

death, 8;

burial, 28;

authorities for his reign, ii. 178, 179

Richard (III.), Duke of Gloucester,

patron of Caxton, iii. 161, 163;

expedition to Scotland, 163;

Protector, 164;

King, _ib._;

rising against him, 167;

his policy, 168, 169, 171;

death, 172

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, ii. 36;

heads reforming party among the barons, 37;

king of the Romans, 71;

taken prisoner, _ib._;

spared, by the younger Simon, 80;

intercedes for him, 85

Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy, i. 155, 156

Richard Fitz-Neal. _See_ Fitz-Neal

Richard of Devizes, i. 174

Richardson, Chief-Justice, v. 297

Richardson, Samuel, vii. 297

Richelieu, Cardinal, v. 274, 338, 339

Richelieu, Duke of, vii. 248

Richmond, Edmund Tudor, Earl of, iii. 165

Richmond, Margaret, Countess of. _See_ Beaufort

Ridley, Bishop of London, iv. 91

Ridolfi, Robert, iv. 265, 272, 273

Right,

Claim of, vii. 51;

Petition of, v. 260, 261, 263

_Rights, Book of_, i. 8

Rights, Declaration of, vii. 46, 47, 60

Rishanger, chronicler, i. 273, 274

Rising, Castle, Queen Isabella imprisoned at, ii. 207

Rivers, Sir Richard Woodville, first earl (_see_ Woodville), iii. 127,

134

Rivers, Anthony Woodville, second earl (_see_ Scales), iii. 161-163

Rivoli, battle of, viii. 125

Rizzio, David, iv. 222, 226, 228

Robartes, Richard, first Lord, v. 200

Robartes, John, second Lord, vi. 220, 301

Robert I., king of Scots. _See_ Bruce

Robert (II.), Steward of Scotland, ii. 213;

king, 286

Robert III., king of Scots, iii. 7, 15, 16

Robert (the Magnificent), Duke of Normandy, i. 157

Robert, son of William the Conqueror, i. 190;

Duke of Normandy, 191;

pledges Normandy to Rufus, 197;

goes on crusade, _ib._;

returns, 198;

invades England, 200, 201;

defeated at Tenchebray, 202

Robert, Earl of Gloucester, i. 216, 217, 219, 220

Robespierre, Maximilien, viii. 96

Robinson, John, v. 308

Rochelle, La,

protests against severance from France, ii. 280;

surrendered to France, 287;

attempt to relieve it, 291;

revolts, v. 256;

siege of, _ib._;

English expeditions to, 259, 263;

surrenders, 266, 274