legend of, i. 247;
prophecies of, ii. 57, 119
Merton, school of, i. 225
Methodists, vii. 204-207, 210, 211;
their influence, viii. 46
Meulan captured by John of Bedford, iii. 39
Meulan, Robert, count of, i. 201
Mexico conquered by Cortes, iv. 329
Michiel, Giovanni, iv. 3
Middle English
settle round Leicester, i. 37;
become Christian, 72
Middle Saxons, i. 54
Middlesex elects Wilkes, viii. 5, 7
Middleton, Thomas, v. 42
Milan Decree, Napoleon's, viii. 181
Mile-end, meeting of Richard II. and the Kentishmen at, ii. 322
Milford Haven, Richard II. lands at, ii. 380
Millenary Petition, v. 151
Milton, John,
his early life, v. 98-101;
life at Horton, 302, 303;
early poems, 304;
_Comus_, 305, 306;
_Lycidas_, 332;
views on Church reform, 355;
change in his ecclesiastical views, vi. 32;
his sonnet on the Vaudois, 123;
his _Defence of the English People_, 231;
his later life, 232, 233;
_Paradise Lost_, 234-237;
_Areopagitica_, 305
Minden, battle of, vii. 264
Mines in England, i. 30; ii. 107; viii. 57
Minorca
ceded to England, vii. 142;
lost, 248;
restored, 307;
ceded to Spain, viii. 41
Mirebeau, Arthur of Britanny captured at, i. 268
Mise
of Amiens, ii. 68;
of Lewes, 71
Model, New. _See_ Army
_Modus Tenendi Parliamentum_, i. 275
Mogul Empire, the, vii. 234
Monaco, soldiers of, at Crécy, ii. 236
Monarchy,
growth of its strength, iii. 88, 89;
new policy, 89;
causes of its power, 111;
its position at Thomas Cromwell's death, iv. 7;
changes in its system under Elizabeth, 232;
James I.'s theory of, v. 169-171;
change in its relations to the country, 183, 184;
abolished, vi. 68;
proposal to restore it, 119-121;
restored, 152;
character after the Restoration, 172, 173, 183, 184;
character since the Revolution, vii. 60;
its insignificance under the House of Hanover, vii. 172-175.
_See_ King
Monasteries, suppression of, iii. 310, 311, 346; iv. 13
Monasticism,
revival of, under Henry I. and Stephen, i. 222;
its condition in the sixteenth century, iii. 309-310
Monk, George,
subdues the Highlands, vi. 108;
commander in Scotland, 150;
gathers a Convention at Edinburgh, _ib._;
leads his army to London, 151;
restores Charles II., 152;
Duke of Albemarle, 193;
fight with De Ruyter, 238
Monmouth, James, Duke of, vi. 176, 309;
schemes for his succession, 309, 310;
comes to court, 312;
ordered to leave London, _ib._;
returns, 314;
his progresses, 316, 322;
arrested, 335;
flight, 337;
finds refuge at the Hague, vii. 8;
his attempt on England, 9;
defeat and death, 10
Monmouth, Humfrey, iii. 258
Monopolies,
sale of, by Edward III., ii. 291;
abolished by Elizabeth, v. 58;
revived by James I., 222;
by Charles I., 279
Mons
surprised by Lewis of Nassau, iv. 298;
captured by Lewis XIV., vii. 76
Montacute, Henry Pole, Lord, iii. 349, 350
Montagu, John Neville, first Lord, iii. 113;
victory at Hexham, 123;
relations with Edward IV., 137, 138;
joins Warwick and Clarence, 139;
joins Warwick again, 142;
slain, _ib._
Montagu, Ralph, vi. 299
Montague, Anthony Browne, first Viscount, iv. 267
Montague, Charles, vii. 85;
founds the Bank of England, 86;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 88;
reforms the currency, 89;
dismissed, 98;
impeached, 105
Montague, Dr. Richard, v. 245, 246;
bishop of Chichester, 267, 298
Montcalm, Marquis of, vii. 244, 268, 269
Montcontour, battle of, iv. 268, 298
Monteagle, William Parker, fourth Lord, v. 159
Montereau, Duke John of Burgundy assassinated at, iii. 35
Montfort, Amaury of (brother of Earl Simon), ii. 35
Montfort, Amaury of (son of Earl Simon), ii. 83
Montfort, Eleanor of, ii. 109
Montfort, Henry of, ii. 81
Montfort, John of, Duke of Britanny, ii. 233
Montfort, Richard of, ii. 83
Montfort, Simon IV. of, earl of Leicester, ii. 35
Montfort, Simon V. of, ii. 35;
marriage, 36;
earl of Leicester, _ib._, 37;
relations with the barons, _ib._;
heads reforming party, 37, 38;
protests against papal exactions, 38;
Seneschal of Gascony, 38-40;
quarrel with Henry III., 40;
regency of France offered to, _ib._;
character, 40-42;
returns to England, 59;
swears to Provisions of Oxford, 63;
negotiations with France, _ib._;
breach with Gloucester, 64;
goes to France, 66;
returns, 67;
alliance with Llewelyn, _ib._;
heads the barons in arms, _ib._;
rejects the Mise of Amiens, 68, 69;
victory at Lewes, 70, 71;
his rule, 71;
summons the commons to Parliament, 73, 153;
quarrel with Gloucester, 75;
last campaign, 76, 77;
death, 78;
his corpse mutilated, 80;
his adherents disinherited, 82, 83;
miracles at his tomb, 83
Montfort, Simon, the younger,
taken prisoner, ii. 70;
defeated by Edward, 76;
advances to Alcester, 77;
falls back to Kenilworth, 80;
releases his prisoners, _ib._;
goes to Axholme, 84;
surrenders to Edward, 85;
flies over sea, 86
Montgomery, Roger of, ii. 47
Montreal taken by Amherst, vii. 269
Montreuil besieged by the English, iv. 30
Montrose, James Grahame, fifth earl and first marquis of, v. 337, 342;
relations with Charles I., 359, 364;
raises the Highlands for the king, vi. 23;
his victories, _ib._, 38, 41;
defeat at Philiphaugh, _ib._;
executed, 78
Moore, Sir John, viii. 186, 187
Moot, the, i. 17, 18
Morat, battle of, iii. 150
Moray, Thomas Randolph, Earl of, ii. 213.
_See_ Randolph
More, Hannah, vii. 170; viii. 47
More, Thomas,
his person and character, iii. 216, 217;
first appearance in Parliament, 218;
his home-life, _ib._, 219;
returns to court, 219;
his lectures on "The City of God," 197;
_Life of Edward the Fifth_, 83, 218;
_Utopia_, 189, 220-228;
Speaker of the Commons, 245;
his reply to Luther, 257;
Chancellor, 286, 289;
resigns, 299;
summoned to take the oath of succession, 317;
refuses, 318;
sent to the Tower, 319;
beheaded, 321;
his reverence for Parliament, iv. 9;
Roper's _Life of_, iii. 83
More, Thomas de la, ii. 177
Moreau, General, viii. 122, 142, 143
_Moriæ Encomium_, iii. 219
Morice, Sir William, Secretary of State, vi. 194
Morkere, Earl of Northumbria, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
Mornington, Richard Wellesley, second Earl of, viii. 132.
_See_ Wellesley
Morrison, Robert, vi. 167
Mortemer, battle of, i. 158
Mortimer, Anne, iii. 56
Mortimer, Edmund, Earl of March. _See_ March
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, iii. 13
Mortimer, Roger,
supporter of Henry III., ii. 64, 72, 85;
defeated by Llewelyn, 88;
head of regency, 102
Mortimer, Roger, conspires against Edward II., ii. 198;
Earl of March, 206;
fall, 207
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, iii. 78
Morton, John, Bishop of Ely and Archbishop of Canterbury, iii. 167,
285;
his "fork," 177
Morton, James Douglas, fourth Earl of, iv. 114;
Chancellor of Scotland, 224;
aids Darnley against Mary, 228;
flies, 230;
recalled, 243;
joins Argyle against Mary, 245;
beheaded, 346
Morton, Dr. Nicholas, iv. 265, 268
Moscow, Napoleon's expedition to, viii. 200
Mount Badon, battle of, i. 34
Mountjoy, Charles Blount, eighth Lord, v. 62
Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, v. 290
Moveables, taxation of,
under Henry II., i. 257;
under Richard I., 350
Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northumberland, i. 192
Mowbray, Roger, i. 254
Muhlberg, battle of, iv. 50
Munster,
the Fitz-Maurices in, ii. 377;
English conquest of, iii. 329;
revolt in, v. 62
Münster, Bernard van Galen, Bishop of, vi. 227
Murimuth, Adam of, i. 274; ii. 177
Murray, James Stuart, first earl of (_see_ Stuart), iv. 199;
his policy, _ib._, 200, 201, 205;
opposes the Darnley marriage, 223;
plots with Elizabeth, 224;
rises against Mary, _ib._;
defeated, 225;
returns, 229;
pleads for Morton's recall, 243;
goes to France, 244;
Regent of Scotland, 259;
defeats Mary at Langside, 260, 261;
his charges against Mary, 262;
murdered, 271; v. 122
Murray, Sir Robert, vi. 166
Mysore, sultans of, viii. 131
Nalson's historical collections, v. 72
Namur
surrendered to Lewis XIV., vii. 79;
taken by the Allies, 88
Nanci, battle of, iii. 150
Nantes, Edict of, revoked, vii. 13
Nantwich, battle at, vi. 18
Naples
threatened by an English fleet, vii. 223;
attacked by Austria, 224
Napoleon, Emperor of the French (_see_ Buonaparte),
his scheme for invading England, viii. 170, 171;
victories at Ulm and Austerlitz, 173;
at Jena, 174;
at Eylau and Friedland, 175;
his Berlin Decree, 176;
Milan Decree, 181;
masters Spain, 185;
military successes there, 187;
victory at Wagram, 188;
seeks the alliance of America, 192;
marches on Russia, 198, 200;
retreats, 200, 201;
last victories, 201;
fall, 203;
at Elba, 205;
re-enters France, 206;
raises an army, 207;
victory at Ligny, _ib._;
defeat at Waterloo, 208-210;
exile to St. Helena, 211
Narbonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260
Naseby, battle of, vi. 40
Nash, Thomas, v. 8
Nassau, Lewis, Count of, iv. 298
Navarete, battle of, ii. 284
Navarre, Anthony of Bourbon, king of, iv. 206
Navy. _See_ Fleet
Nectansmere, battle of, i. 89
Neerwinden, battles of, vii. 80; viii. 107
Nelson, Horatio, viii. 133, 172, 173
Nennius, i. 3
Netherlands,
their importance to Philip II., iv. 255;
rise against him, 256, 297, 298;
alliance with Elizabeth, 311;
English sympathy with, 323, 324;
choose the Duke of Anjou for their sovereign, 336-338;
Parma's successes in, 347;
prevent Parma joining the Armada, 359;
league with France and England, v. 60;
submit to Philip V. of Spain, vii. 101;
Marlborough's campaigns in, 117, 126, 127;
invaded by Lewis XV., vii. 225;
war in, 227, 231;
conquered by France, viii. 109
Neufmarché, Bernard of, ii. 47
Neuss besieged by Charles the Bold, iii. 147-149
Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York, ii. 353
Neville, Anne, iii. 137, 140
Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York, iii. 73
Neville, George, Chancellor, iii. 113, 123;
Archbishop of York, 113;
deprived of the seals, 130;
betrays London to Edward, 142
Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, ii. 379
Neville, house of, iii. 73, 112, 113
Neville's Cross, battle of, ii. 243
New Amsterdam, vi. 243
Newark,
king John dies at, i. 356;
siege of, vi. 19
Newburgh, William of, i. 174
Newbury, battles of, vi. 14, 23, 24
Newcastle-on-Tyne
founded, i. 189;
occupied by the Scots, v. 342;
besieged by the Scots, vi. 23;
Charles I. and the Scots at, 48;
Parliament at, ii. 160
Newcastle, William Cavendish, first Earl, Marquis and Duke of, vi. 4,
18, 19
Newcastle, John Holies, Duke of, vii. 134
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, vii. 218;
head of the ministry, 246;
refuses subsidy to Russia, 247;
jealous of Pitt, 250;
resigns, _ib._;
joins Pitt in forming a ministry, 251;
opposes Pitt, 304;
retires, 305
New England,
its settlement, v. 310-314;
return of Independents from, vi. 28;
its progress, vii. 237, 238
New Forest, William the Red slain in the, i. 198
Newgate, Friars at, ii. 12
New Holland, vii. 277
New Jersey, vii. 236
"New men," the, i. 325
New Orleans, English attempt on, viii. 205
New River, the, v. 77
New South Wales, vii. 278
Newton, Isaac, vi. 167
Newton, John, viii. 47
Newtown Butler, battle of, vii. 58
New York, vi. 243, vii. 236;
its Assembly suspended, viii. 4, 14
New Zealand, vii. 278
Ney, Marshal, viii. 208, 210
Niagara, Fort, vii. 243, 244, 267
Nicholas, Sir Edward, vi. 194, 244
Nigel, Bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 218, 219
Nile, battle of the, viii. 133
Nimeguen, Peace of, vi. 291
"Nithing," i. 151, 192
Noailles, Duc de, vii. 224
Nonconformity, rise of, vi. 27
Nonconformists,
their position after 1662, vi. 212, 213;
attitude in 1665, 229;
persecution of, _ib._, 230;
the Cabal's dealings with, 251, 252;
renewed persecution of, 335;
position under James II., vii. 22;
under William III., 64;
under Anne, 123;
under Walpole, 198
Nonjurors, vii. 65
Nootka Sound, dispute about, viii. 88
Norfolk, rising of John the Litster in, ii. 325, 331
Norfolk, John Howard, first Duke of, iii. 286
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 287
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of (_see_ Surrey), iii. 270, 287;
his policy, 291, 294;
puts down Pilgrimage of Grace, 324;
arrests Cromwell, 352;
returns to power, iv. 17;
hostility to Protestants, _ib._;
marches against Scotland, 23, 24;
sent to the Tower, 45;
leads the royal guard against Wyatt, 83
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, iv. 173;
plots with Mary Stuart, 265, 266;
sent to the Tower, 268;
released, 271;
again plots with Mary, _ib._, 272;
arrest and death, 274
Norfolk, Henry Howard, seventh Duke of, vii. 21, 42
Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, first Duke of (_see_ Nottingham), ii. 372,
378
Norfolk, John Mowbray, third Duke of, iii. 80
Norfolk, Thomas, Earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
Norfolk, Earls of. _See_ Bigod
Norham, Parliament at, ii. 136
Norman, prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, i. 223
Normandy,
its relation to English history, i. 154;
settlement of northmen in, 127, 141, 155;
relations with France, 155, 156;
with English kings, 156;
Æthelred II. in, 143, 156;
condition under William the Conqueror, 158, 159;
pledged by Robert to William Rufus, 197;
conquered by Henry I., 202;
invaded by Lewis VII., 254;
by Philip Augustus, 263;
laid under interdict, 263;
conquered by Philip, 269;
ceded by Henry III., ii. 63;
invaded by Edward III., 235;
conquered by Henry V., iii. 33, 34;
Bedford's rule in, 55;
regained by Charles VII., 62;
historians of, i. 6
Normans,
their settlement, i. 155;
temper, _ib._, 158;
in England under Eadward the Confessor, 151;
their flight, 153;
fusion with the English, 200, 281;
settlers in London, 303;
in Wales, ii. 48
Norris, Sir John, iv. 367, 368
North, Francis, Lord Keeper, vii. 10
North, Frederick, Lord, viii. 16, 28, 33
Northallerton, battle of, i. 217
Northampton
reduced by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
John's deposition proclaimed at, 333;
John and Langton at, 340;
Essex musters the Parliamentary army at, vi. 2;
Assize of, i. 255;
battle of, iii. 75;
councils at, i. 237; ii. 120;
treaty of, ii. 205
Northampton, William Bohun, Earl of, ii. 237
Northampton, George Compton, fourth Earl of, vii. 23
Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, v. 191
Northampton, William Parr, first Marquis of, iv. 47
North folk, i. 42
North Foreland, battles off the, vi. 238, 239
Northmen,
their temper, i. 100;
attack Britain, 101;
settle in Ireland, 103;
victorious at Charmouth, _ib._;
defeated at Aclea, _ib._;
conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 104;
attack Wessex, 105;
defeated at Ashdown, _ib._;
invade Mercia, _ib._;
Alfred's struggle with, 106, 107, 116, 117;
attack Wessex, 118;
character of their attack, i. 125, 126;
fusion with English, 126, 127;
their work in England, 129;
settle in Iceland, the Orkneys and Hebrides, _ib._;
again threaten England, 139;
victory at Maldon, _ib._;
bought off by Æthelred, 140;
mercenaries in England, massacred, 141;
settlement in Gaul. _See_ Normandy, Normans
Northumberland
granted to Henry of Scotland, ii. 134;
lead-mines in, i. 30
Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of (_see_ Warwick), iv. 65, 67-69,
71
Northumberland, Henry Percy, first Earl of, ii. 378, 380; iii. 12-14,
18, 19
Northumberland, Henry Percy, second Earl of, iii. 28, 73, 74
Northumberland, Henry Percy, third Earl of, iii. 80
Northumberland, Henry Percy, fourth Earl of, iii. 138, 172
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of, iv. 268, 269, 274
Northumberland, Henry Percy, ninth Earl of, iv. 353, 358
Northumbria, kingdom of (Bernicia and Deira), i. 53, 60;
greatness under Eadwine, 62-63;
accepts Christianity, 64-65;
greatness under Oswald, 67;
Irish missionaries in, 69;
struggle with Penda, 70-73;
Cuthbert's mission-work in, 75, 76;
monasteries in, 76, 77;
religious strife in, 78-80;
its power under Ecgfrith, 86, 87;
struggle with the Picts, 88, 89;
with Mercia, 89;
schools and learning in, 91;
repulses Æthelbald, 96;
anarchy in, 97;
submits to Ecgberht, 102;
conquered by northmen, 104;
submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
incorporated with Wessex and Mercia by Æthelstan, _ib._;
rises against him, 120;
against Eadmund, _ib._;
against Eadwig, 137;
earldom of, 146;
revolts against Tostig, 160;
against William I., 168;
northern, conquered by the Scots, 146
Norway, its monarchy founded, i. 128, 129
Norwich,
French settlers in, i. 303;
clothiers of, resist benevolences, iii. 251;
rising at, against Somerset, iv. 55;
centre of the worsted trade, 279
Nothelm, friend of Bæda, i. 94
Nottingham,
Æthelred I.'s treaty with the northmen at, i. 104;
one of the Five Boroughs, 117;
submits to Eadward the Elder, 119;
Edward III. arrests Mortimer at, ii. 207;
Charles I. raises his standard at, vi. 2
Nottingham, Daniel Finch, second Earl of, vii. 28, 88, 124
Nottingham, Thomas Mowbray, second Earl of, ii. 353, 370.
_See_ Norfolk
Nottingham, John Mowbray, fourth Earl of, iii. 18
Nova Scotia,
French settlers driven from, vii. 242;
ceded to England, 307
Novi, battle of, viii. 140
Nowell, Alexander, Dean of St. Paul's, iv. 165
Noy, William, v. 317
Noyon, treaty of, iii. 234
Oates, Titus, vi. 294-297; vii. 66
Ockham, William, ii. 276
Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 137
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, i. 167, 183, 189, 191
Offa, king of Mercia, i. 96-98; ii. 46
Oglethorpe, General, vii. 236
O'Hara, General, viii. 109
Ohio Company, vii. 242
Olaf, king of Norway, i. 140
Oldcastle, Sir John, ii. 345; iii. 19.
_See_ Cobham
Olivares, Count of, v. 233
Olney, treaty of, i. 143
O'Neal, Sir Phelim, v. 365
O'Neill, Hugh, vi. 79
O'Neill, Hugh, second Earl of Tyrone, v. 61, 62
O'Neill, Owen Roe, vi. 71
O'Neill, Shane, iv. 240, 241
Opdam, Admiral, vi. 225
Orange, William I., Prince of, iv. 264, 297, 300, 312, 338, 347
Orange, William II., Prince of, vi. 70
Orange, William III., Prince of. _See_ William
"Orangemen," viii. 119, 120
"Ordainers," the Lords, ii. 188
Ordeal, trial by, i. 239
Orderic, i. 6, 173
Orders in Council,
Lord Grenville's, viii. 178;
Canning's, 181;
repealed, 197
Ordinance,
Self-Denying, vi. 35;
for suppression of blasphemies and heresies, vi. 60
Ordinances
changed into statutes, ii. 298;
of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195
Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129
Orleans,
Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36;
siege of, 45, 46;
relieved, 50, 51
Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28
Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17
Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170.
_See_ Lewis XII.
Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213
Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16;
invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71;
besieges Dublin, 76;
Duke, 182, 193;
Lord Steward, 193;
retires, 244;
returns to the Council, 278;
supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1
Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of,
Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145;
joins the Pretender, 168;
tries to stir up a rising, 184;
commands a Spanish fleet, 187
Orosius, Ælfred's translation of, i. 114
Orthez, battle of, viii. 202
Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102
Osbern's _Lives of English Saints_, i. 243
Osgod Clapa, i. 148
Osney,
abbey of, i. 284;
annals of, 273
Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71
Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86
Otterbourne's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264;
his alliance with John, 334, 337;
invades France, 338, 342
Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134
Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192
Oxford,
first mention of, i. 305;
submits to Swein, 143;
siege of, 220;
condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307;
in the twelfth century, 283-285;
relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308;
with London, 308, 309;
mayor substituted for reeve, 310;
town-life, _ib._, 311;
barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227;
Richard I. born at, 259;
Friars settle in, ii. 12;
Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4;
blockade of, 19;
"bargemen" of, i. 308;
charters, 309;
church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310;
of St. Mary, 287, 288;
Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129;
merchant-gild, i. 308;
Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323;
Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309;
Port-meadow, 296, 306;
Provisions of, ii. 61;
University of, i. 285-287;
Gerald of Wales at, 285;
a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42;
study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294;
foreign students at, 291;
revival of theology at, ii. 14;
Roger Bacon at, 16, 17;
attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22;
Wyclif at, 276;
ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310;
condemns him, 337;
displaces his opponents, _ib._;
Wykeham's College at, 308;
Lollardry at, 339-341;
Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161;
decay of scholarship at, 98;
revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202;
Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265;
Lutheranism at, 262, 263;
forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292;
opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162;
religious changes in, 304;
Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317;
protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152;
declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1;
James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26;
Jacobitism in, 184;
Methodists at, 205;
supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69
Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. _See_ Vere
Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. _See_ Vere
Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177
Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358
Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23
Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (_see_ Harley), vii. 145
Packenham, General, viii. 205
Palatinate,
war in the, v. 220;
the Elector driven from, 226;
reconquered by Gustavus of Sweden, 276
Pale, the English,
in Ireland, ii. 374;
divided into counties, 376
Pampeluna, siege of, viii. 202
Pandulf, Cardinal, i. 333, 337, 344; ii. 3, 6
Papacy, the,
its relations with England under Henry III., ii. 1, 26-28, 59;
English protests against its exactions, 38, 42;
its relations with the Empire, 217, 218;
with France, _ib._, 224;
with England under Edward III., 218, 219, 221-223, 273-275, 303;
complaints of King and Parliament against, 225;
private arrangements with Edward III., 296;
beginning of its struggle with Luther, iii. 253;
England's relations with, under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 297, 299,
300;
appeals to, forbidden, 302;
judicial and financial connexion with, broken, _ib._;
its jurisdiction transferred to the Crown, 305, 306;
submission to, under Mary, iv. 88, 89;
its revival under Paul IV., 99, 100;
relations with Elizabeth, 155;
position and policy under Pius V., 250-253;
under Gregory XIII., 306, 313
Paris
rises against the Regent Charles, ii. 264;
threatened by Edward III., 265;
Henry VI. crowned at, iii. 55;
welcomes Charles VII., 56;
besieged by Henry IV. (of France), iv. 369;
relieved by Parma, 370;
rising in, viii. 83;
surrenders to the Allies, 203;
Peace of, vii. 307;
University of, i. 225, 282, 285, 290
Paris, Matthew, i. 273; ii. 43, 44
Parish system, its introduction, i. 84
Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 165;
his historical collections, v. 4;
Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
Parker, Bishop of Oxford, vii. 25, 26
Parkhurst, John, iv. 119