comes to England, 338;
relations with John and the Charter, 340, 341;
suspended, 354;
goes to Rome, _ib._;
returns, ii. 3;
supports Hubert de Burgh, 5;
his care for the Charter, 6;
death, 26
Langton, Thomas, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 196
Language, English,
its literary revival in thirteenth century, i. 174;
effects of Norman Conquest on, 278;
Henry III.'s proclamation in, ii. 62;
first used in opening Parliament, 300, 356;
ordered to be used in law courts, 356; vii. 201;
supersedes French, ii. 356, 357;
changes in, in Caxton's time, iii. 159, 160;
replaces Latin in church service, iv. 49;
Welsh, ii. 50
Lansdowne, William Fitzmaurice, first marquis of (_see_ Shelburne)
viii. 115
Lansdowne Hill, battle of, vi. 6
Lathom House, siege of, vi. 19
Latimer, William Latimer, fourth Lord, ii. 304, 306
Latimer, George Neville, first Lord, iii. 114
Latimer, John Neville, third Lord, iii. 323
Latimer, Hugh, iii. 262-265;
Bishop of Worcester, 336;
imprisoned, 347;
forced to resign, _ib._;
denounces Warwick's government, iv. 57;
sent to the Tower, 74;
burnt, 92
Latimer, William, iii. 201
Latitudinarians, the, vi. 133-137, 168
Laud, William, Bishop of St. David's, v. 293;
his views and character, 245, 292-294;
Bishop of London, 266;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 295;
dealings with the Puritans, 295-297;
revives the Bishops' Courts, 298;
restores Lambeth Chapel, 299, 300;
revives ritual, 300;
dealings with Prynne, 306, 329;
relations with Wentworth, 318;
dealings with Scotland, 325-327;
arrested, 351
Lauderdale, John Maitland, second Earl and first Duke of, vi. 181,
245, 259
Lauffeld, battle of, vii. 231
Lauzun, Count of, vii. 71, 72
Law,
common, ii. 110, 113;
ecclesiastical, new code of, iv. 60;
English, Glanvill's treatise on, i. 174, 244;
of the Forest, ii. 34;
Roman, revived study of, i. 282;
in England, 283;
influence of its imperial theories, ii. 95, 96
"Lawmen" of the Five Boroughs, i. 118
Laws,
Old English, two classes of, i. 5;
first put in writing, 59;
of Æthelred, i. 138;
of David of Scotland, ii. 171;
of Eadgar, i. 144;
of Eadward the Confessor, 150, 199, 340;
of Henry I., 339;
of Howel Dda, ii. 46
Layamon, i. 174, 279
League
of Cambray, iii. 206;
the Catholic, in Germany, v. 177, 232;
the Holy, iii. 209, 210, 266;
in France, iv. 348, 355, 356;
of Neutrals, viii. 162-164;
of Schmalkald, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50;
of the Public Weal, iii. 122, 125, 126
Learning,
the New, iii. 194-198, 201, 202;
its protest against war, 210;
attitude after Wolsey's fall, 289, 291
Leicester,
one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
surrenders to Æthelflæd, 118;
condition under its earls, 297;
regains right of compurgation, 313-315;
stormed by Charles I., vi. 38
Leicester, Robert de Beaumont, Earl of, i. 254
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Dudley), iv. 205, 349, 357;
v. 58, 63
Leighton, John, v. 305
Leinster, kingdom of, i. 251, 252
Leipzig, battle of, viii. 202
Leith
sacked by the English, iv. 29;
siege of, 175, 176
Leland, John, v. 4
Lennox, Esmé Stuart, Duke of, iv. 346; v. 123
Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, iv. 227, 244; v. 123
Lennox, Margaret, Countess of, iv. 220, 221
Leo X., Pope, iii. 249, 253, 254
Leofa, slayer of Eadmund the Magnificent, i. 123
Leofric, Earl of Mercia, i. 150, 152
Leopold II., Emperor, viii. 95, 96
Leopold V., Duke of Austria, i. 261
Lepanto, battle of, iv. 297
Leslie, Alexander, v. 335, 337.
_See_ Leven
Leslie, David, vi. 79, 80, 83, 84
"Lesser barons." _See_ Knights
Levant Company, v. 161
Leven, Alexander Leslie, first Earl of (_see_ Leslie), vi. 18
Lever, Thomas, iv. 119, 128, 132
Lewes,
battle of, ii. 70, 71;
Mise of, 71;
Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, ii. 217-219, 221, 229, 235, 248
Lewis d'Outremer, king of France, i. 210
Lewis VII., king of France, i. 233, 254
Lewis (VIII.) of France,
the English crown offered to, i. 355;
successes in England, _ib._;
defeated, ii. 2;
withdraws, 3
Lewis IX., king of France, ii. 35, 40, 68, 90
Lewis XI., king of France, iii. 119;
relations with Edward IV., 120, 121;
with Burgundy, _ib._;
with Margaret of Anjou, 121;
negotiations with Warwick, 122, 123;
struggle with League of the Public Weal, 126, 127;
again seeks treaty with Edward, 128;
Edward's negotiations with, 129;
league against, 130;
attacks Britanny, 132;
captured and released by Charles, _ib._;
stirs Warwick against Edward, 136;
reconciles Warwick and Margaret, 137;
alliance with Henry VI., 139;
treaty with Edward, 150;
seized Picardy, Artois, etc., _ib._;
war with Maximilian, 151;
treaty with him, 170;
refuses to recognize Richard III., 169;
death, _ib._
Lewis XII., king of France (_see_ Orleans), iii. 206, 232
Lewis XIII., king of France, v. 256
Lewis XIV., king of France, vi. 188-189;
his policy, 190, 191;
alliance with Charles II., 192;
relations with England and Holland, 227;
sends his fleet to join the Dutch, 239;
attacks Flanders, 247;
his offers to Spain, 249;
treaty with her, 250;
policy towards Holland, 251;
treaties with Charles, 257, 258;
attacks Holland, 268;
position after Peace of Nimeguen, 291, 316;
persecutes the Huguenots, 317, 335;
new agreement with Charles, 323;
seizes Strassburg, Casale, and Luxemburg, 335;
relations with James II., vii. 12;
revokes the Edict of Nantes, 13;
relations with James and Holland, 36, 38;
attacks Germany, 38, 48;
receives James II. at St. Germain, 49;
war declared against, by England and Holland, _ib._;
his fleet, 68;
sends troops to Ireland, 71;
his successes, 75, 76;
turn of his fortune, 79, 80;
treaty with William, 90, 91;
seizes the Dutch Barrier, 102;
acknowledges James's son as king of England, 106;
attacks Germany again, 118, 119;
his losses, 131, 134;
offers terms, 134, 135;
death, 183, 185
Lewis XV., king of France, vii. 185, 225
Lewis XVI., king of France, viii. 28;
summons the States-General, 83;
a Constitution forced on, 86;
attempts flight, 95;
imprisoned, 101;
executed, 103
Lewis XVIII., king of France, viii. 206, 211
Lexington, skirmish at, viii. 22
Leyva, Alonzo da, iv. 363
_Liber Albus_ of London, i. 274
_Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, i. 274
_Liber Custumarum_ of London, i. 274
Lichfield, diocese of, i. 83
Liége taken by Marlborough, vii. 117
Liegnitz, battle of, vii. 302
Ligny, battle of, viii. 207
Lilburne, John, vi. 28, 75, 78
Lille reduced by Marlborough, vii. 134
_Lillibullero_, vii. 33
Lilly, William, iii. 200
Limerick, siege of, vii. 72, 73
Limitation Bill, vi. 323
Limoges
welcomes Du Guesclin, ii. 285;
stormed by the Black Prince, 286
Limousin restored to Edward III., ii. 266
Linacre, Thomas, iii. 190, 197, 256
Lincoln,
one of the Five Boroughs, i. 117;
battles of, 219; ii. 2;
relieved by John, i. 356;
Jews at, ii. 126, 127
Lincolnshire
surrendered to Ecgfrith by Wulfhere, i. 86;
rising in, iii. 323
Lindesay of the Byres, Patrick, sixth Lord, iv. 225, 228, 230
Lindisfarne, i. 69, 79, 87, 97
Lindiswaras, i. 73, 117
Linen manufacture, Irish, its foundation, v. 291
Lisbon, Drake's and Norris's expedition to, iv. 367, 368
Lisle, Alice, vii. 11, 66
Lisle, John Dudley, Lord, iv. 41, 46.
_See_ Warwick
Litany, the English, iv. 40
Literature, English,
its beginnings, i. 77, 93, 96;
decay during struggle with Danes, 113;
Ælfred's influence on, 114, 115;
after Norman Conquest, 242, 243, 246, 278;
under Henry II., 174, 244-249;
under John, 278, 279;
popular, during Peasant Revolt, ii. 318, 319;
Wyclif's influence on, 338;
revival in fourteenth century, 357, 358;
effects of the Renascence on, v. 1-3;
developement under Elizabeth, 3-11;
after the Revolution, 154;
in poetry, 156, 157;
in prose, 157-161, 292, 293;
beginning of a new developement with Dryden, 333;
Welsh, ii. 49-54.
_See_ Drama
Lithsmen of London, i. 300
Liturgy,
the English, iv. 49;
Knox's, v. 327;
the Scottish (Laud's), of 1636, _ib._;
rejected, 328.
_See_ Prayer-Book
Liverpool, its rise, vii. 196
Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, second Earl of, viii. 196.
_See_ Hawkesbury
"Livery," ii. 311, 355; iii. 105
Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales, ii. 58;
alliance with Montfort, 67, 76;
raid upon Chester, 85;
defeats Mortimer at Brecknock, 88;
submits, 89;
refuses homage to Edward I., 108;
submission and marriage, 109;
last revolt and death, 119, 120
Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, ii. 5, 54-58, 108
Llywarch Hen, ii. 49, 53
Loans, forced,
under Richard II., ii. 372;
demanded by Wolsey, iii. 244;
by Charles I., 254, 255
_Loch Cé, Annals of_, i. 7
Lochleven, Mary Stuart imprisoned at, iv. 257, 258
Locke, John, vi. 170, 171, 259
Logic, study of, at Oxford, i. 288
Lollardry, ii. 339;
suppressed at Oxford, 341;
its later phases, 344-348;
influence in Bohemia, 349;
attitude under Henry IV., iii. 19, 21;
sympathy of the Commons with, 21;
rising under Oldcastle, 27;
suppression of, 27, 28;
its lingering existence, 96, 258;
legal prohibitions of, rescinded, iv. 48;
its influence in Scotland, 111
Lodi, battle of, viii. 122
London,
Middle-Saxons settle round, i. 54;
subject to the East-Saxons, 59;
to Mercia, 85;
beginnings of its commercial greatness, 138;
resists Swein, 142;
submits to him, 143;
to the Conqueror, 165;
its election of Stephen, 215;
expels Matilda, 219;
its share in religious revival, 222, 223;
Normans in, 303;
Henry I.'s charter to, 304;
relations with Oxford, 308, 309;
strife of classes in, 318-320;
meeting of barons at, 340;
joins the barons against John, 346;
its liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
barons blockaded by John in, 355;
defies the Pope, _ib._; ii. 8;
Franciscans settle in, 12;
Archbishop Boniface driven from, 32;
supports Earl Simon, 67, 69, 70;
its charter annulled, 82;
its mayor imprisoned, 83;
occupied by Gilbert of Gloucester, 89;
supports Wyclif, 309, 310;
threatened by revolted peasants, 321, 322;
its Lollardry, 345;
welcomes Henry of Lancaster, 379;
Richard II. brought captive to, 381;
betrayed to Edward IV. by Archbishop Neville, iii. 142;
its petition to Richard III., 168;
evades Wolsey's demand for a benevolence, 251;
Protestants in, 347;
Walloons in, iv. 51;
unfavourable to Jane Grey's succession, 71;
its Protestant sympathies, _ib._, 75;
attitude in Wyatt's rising, 83-85;
Protestant martyrs in, 96, 144;
supplies sent from, to refugees abroad, 119;
its commerce under Elizabeth, 280;
Flemish settlers in, 281;
traders of, send help to the Prince of Orange, 324;
its contribution for defence against the Armada, 358;
its advance under Elizabeth, v. 77;
its increase checked, 198, 199, 277;
its welcome to Prince Charles, 233;
colonizes Derry, 289;
sides with the Parliament against Charles I., 372, 375, 376;
fortified by the Parliament, vi. 4;
train-bands of, at battle of Newbury, 14;
Independents and Baptists in, 28;
petitions against toleration, 37;
rises against the Parliament, 56;
Plague at, 226;
Fire at, 239;
supports the Exclusion Bill, 308;
riots in, 322, 323;
supports Shaftesbury, 334;
turns against him, 335, 336;
Huguenot refugees in, vii. 14;
Methodists in, 208;
supports Pitt, 256, 305;
supports Wilkes, 319; viii. 6, 8, 12;
petitions to George III., 16, 20;
supports the younger Pitt, 69;
riot in, 113;
"barons" of, i. 319;
"boatmen" of, 308;
St. Paul's Cathedral in, 223;
Dooms of, 300;
Gilds of, 299;
"lithsmen" of, 300;
merchants of, _ib._;
Merchant Adventurers of, iv. 283, 284;
materials for its municipal history, i. 274;
portreeves of, i. 303;
first theatres in, v. 22, 23;
Tower of, i. 166;
weavers of, 317, 318;
Witenagemots at, i. 152, 153
Londonderry
colonized, v. 289;
siege of, vii. 57, 58
Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely and justiciar, i. 260, 261, 264
"Lord" and "man,"
their mutual relations, i. 133;
and villeins, i. 323-325
Lords, House of,
origin of its judicial character, i. 256;
its composition under the Houses of Lancaster and York, iii. 94, 99;
under Henry VIII., iv. 13, 14;
rejects proposals of the Commons to confiscate Church property, iii.
15, 22;
its dealings with the Duke of York's claim to the Crown, 77;
assents to bills for Church reform, 291;
its address to the Pope, 297;
increase in its numbers under the Stuarts, v. 199, 200;
relations with Crown and Commons in 1641, 360;
charges Cromwell with treason, vi. 63;
rejects the ordinance for the trial of Charles I., 66, 67;
abolished, 67, 69;
Cromwell's substitute for, 144;
the Bishops restored to, 204;
rejects the Exclusion Bill, 320;
proposal to limit its numbers, vii. 190, 191;
its dealings with Wilkes, 318;
rejects Chatham's bill for repeal of the Stamp Acts, viii. 19, 20;
refuses Catholic emancipation, 196
Lorne, Archibald Campbell, Lord, v. 326.
_See_ Argyle
Lorraine annexed by France, vii. 215
Lorraine, the Cardinal of, iv. 267
Lothian ceded to Malcolm I., i. 147
Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburn, first Lord, viii. 154
Louisburg, capture of, vii. 266
Louisiana,
French settlement in, vii. 242;
ceded to England, 307
Louviers captured by Henry V., iii. 33
Lovat, Simon Fraser, thirteenth Lord, vii. 230
Lovelace, John, third Lord, vii. 42
Lowestoft, battle of, vi. 225
Lowlands, alleged grant of, by Cnut to the Scots, ii. 132
Lucy, Geoffrey de, i. 345
Lucy, Richard de, i. 343, 344
Luddite riots, viii. 194
Ludlow, General, vi. 109;
his _Memoirs_, v. 72
Lumley, John, Lord, iv. 267, 268
Lumley, Richard, second Viscount, vii. 35, 37
Lunéville, Peace of, viii. 143
Luther, Martin, iii. 253-257
Lutherans
in England, iii. 262;
their progress on the Continent, 275;
importation of their books forbidden, 304;
Henry VIII.'s alliance with, 336;
growth in Germany, iv. 31;
refuse to send representatives to Trent, 35, 36;
reject Henry VIII.'s advances, 36;
defeated at Muhlberg, 50;
take refuge in England, 51;
again invited to Trent, 193;
position after Peace of Passau, v. 176
Lutterworth, Wyclif at, ii. 343, 344
Luttrell, Colonel, viii. 8
Luttrell's _Diary_, vi. 158
Lutzen, battle of, viii. 201
Luxemburg
seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335;
restored to Spain, vii. 91
Luxemburg, Francis Henry de Montmorency, Duke of, vii. 75, 79, 80
Luxemburg, Jacquetta of, iii. 124
Lydgate, John, iii. 17, 40;
Caxton's edition of, 157
Lyly, John, v. 5
Lymne, its fall, i. 33
Lynn,
King John at, i. 356;
its charter annulled, ii. 79
Lyons, Richard, ii. 304, 306, 323
Lyttelton, Lord Keeper, v. 378
Lyttelton, George, first Lord, vii. 249
_Mabinogion_, i. 7; ii. 50, 51
Macclesfield, Fitton Gerard, third Earl of, vii. 37
Machyn's _Diary_, iv. 3
Mackay, General, vii. 52
Madison, James, President of the United States, viii. 198
Madras,
its origin, vii. 232;
razed by Labourdonnais, 233
Magdalen of Valois, queen of Scots, iv. 23
Magdeburg, siege of, iv. 64
Magesætas, i. 66
Magna Carta. _See_ Charter, the Great
Mahrattas, vii. 234, 235; viii. 31
Maidstone, Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
Maine
conquered by counts of Anjou, i. 212;
by William of Normandy, 158, 213;
by Philip Augustus, 269;
ceded to France, ii. 63
"Maintenance," ii. 311; iii. 105
Mainwaring, Dr. Roger, v. 254, 267
Major-Generals, Cromwell's, vi. 107, 118, 119
Malcolm I., king of Scots, i. 123
Malcolm II., king of Scots, i. 146
Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170, 197
Maldon, battle of, i. 139
Malet, Robert, i. 201
Malet, William, i. 343
"Malignants," vi. 47, 83, 99, 194, 201
Malmesbury, James Harris, first Lord, viii. 121, 123
Malmesbury, William of, i. 4, 6, 173, 243, 244
Malplaquet, battle of, vii. 136
Malta
conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
blockaded by a British fleet, viii. 162;
surrenders, 165
"Maltôte," ii. 166
Man, Isle of, conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
Manchester seized by Eadward the Elder, i. 119;
its rise, vii. 196
Manchester, Edward Montagu, second Earl of (_see_ Mandeville),
head of the Association of the Eastern Counties, vi. 8, 13, 18;
quarrels with Cromwell, 24, 34;
retires, 35
Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, i. 343
Mandeville, Edward Montagu, Viscount, v. 354, 358.
_See_ Manchester
Manor, the, i. 322-323
Mans, Le,
seized by Geoffrey Martel, i. 212;
rebels against William Rufus, 197;
Henry II. besieged in, 258;
surrendered to Charles VII., iii. 62
Mansel, John, ii. 8
Mansfield, Count, v. 239
Mansfield, William Murray, first Earl of, vii. 259
Mansion, Colard, iii. 155
Mantes, William the Conqueror wounded at, i. 190
Manton, Thomas, vi. 252
Mantua,
siege of, viii. 123;
surrenders to Buonaparte, 125
Manufactures,
growth of, under Elizabeth, iv. 278-280;
in Yorkshire, their rise, v. 281;
English, in eighteenth century, viii. 53, 54, 59, 60;
altered conditions of, 193, 194;
of linen, in Ireland, v. 291;
of silk, at Spitalfields, vii. 14
Manumissions, sale of, to the king's serfs, i. 325
Map, Walter, i. 174, 247-249
Mar, John Erskine, sixth Earl of, vii. 145, 183
March, Edward, Earl of. _See_ Edward IV.
March, Roger Mortimer, first Earl of. _See_ Mortimer
March, Roger Mortimer, fourth Earl of, ii. 378
March, Edmund Mortimer, fifth Earl of, iii. 2, 13, 14, 28, 30
Marchers, the Lords, ii. 67, 75, 80-82, 85
Mardyke, capture of, by the French, vi. 124
Mare, Sir Peter de la, ii. 306, 307, 311
Marengo, battle of, viii. 142
Maria Theresa of Austria, vii. 199;
queen of Hungary, 220;
her struggle with Frederick the Great, 221, 223, 225, 246
Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., iii. 61;
her policy, 72, 74;
flies to Scotland, 75;
victory at St. Albans, 79;
defeated at Towton, 80;
appeals to Lewis XI., 121;
defeated at Hexham, 123;
reconciled with Warwick, 137;
lands at Weymouth, 143;
captured at Tewkesbury, 145
Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., king of Scots, i. 170
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., wife of James IV. of Scotland, iii.
185;
her second marriage, 231;
strife with Albany, 232, 235, 247, 248;
with her husband, iv. 22
Margaret, the "Maid of Norway," ii. 135
Margaret of York,
schemes for her marriage, iii. 128-130;
marries Charles the Bold, 131;
patroness of Caxton, 155;
supports Lambert Simnel, 176;
supports Perkin Warbeck, 180
Margaret Beaufort. _See_ Beaufort
Marignano, battle of, iii. 233
Marisco. _See_ Marsh
Marlborough, Parliament at, ii. 89
Marlborough, John Churchill, Earl of (_see_ Churchill), vii. 50, 110;
campaign in Ireland, 72, 73;
plans of treason, 77;
relations with William III. and Anne, 111, 112;
Captain-General, 112;
relations with the allies, 113, 114;
his temper, 115, 116;
his military genius, 117;
campaign in 1702, _ib._;
difficulties with the Dutch, 118;
Duke, _ib._;
campaign of 1704, 119-122;
supports Occasional Conformity, 123;
relations with the Tories, _ib._, 124;
with the Whigs, 125;
troubles with the Allies, 125;
campaign of 1706, 126, 127;
difficulties at home, 131-133;
campaign of 1708, 134;
of 1709, 136;
attacked by the Tories, 138, 140;
his fall, 141;
imbecility, 182
Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of, vii. 110, 111, 133, 136, 138
Marlowe, Christopher, v. 26, 27, 29, 31, 35
Marmont, General, viii. 199
"Marprelate, Martin," iv. 5, 342, 343
Marseilles besieged by Charles V., iii. 248, 249
Marsh, Adam, i. 274; ii. 14, 40, 41
Marshal, William, first Earl of Pembroke,
opposes John, i. 328, 329;
character and position, 345;
counsels John to accept the Charter, 347;
his fidelity to John, ii. 1;
"governor of king and kingdom," 2;
death, 3
Marshal, William, second Earl of Pembroke, i. 343; ii. 36
Marshal, Richard, third Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33, 34
Marshall, Stephen, v. 354
Marston, John, v. 42
Marston Moor, battle of, vi. 19
Martinengo, Papal nuncio, iv. 193
Martinico conquered by England, vii. 307;
restored to France, _ib._
Marvell, Andrew, vi. 329
Mary, daughter of Henry VIII.,
betrothed to the Dauphin, iii. 235;
to Charles V., 242, 250;
refuses to conform to Protestantism, iv. 58;
proclaimed queen, 71;
enters London, 74;
person and character, _ib._;
her aim, 75, 76;
schemes for her marriage, 78-80;
relations with Parliament, 81, 85;
revolt against her, 82-84;
marriage, 86;
persecutions, 91, 95, 96, 144;
disappointment, 98;
relations with Paul IV., 102, 103, 106;
refounds abbeys, 106;
war with Franco, 108;
dealings with Ireland, 109, 111;
effect of her persecutions, 118;
Protestant denunciations of, 130, 131;
death, 145
Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, vi. 282;
plan for her marriage, 283;
married, 290;
refuses to reign alone, vii. 46;
declared queen, 47;
death, 88
Mary Stuart
born, iv. 25;
proposal for her marriage with Edward VI., 26, 28;
crowned, 28;
marries the Dauphin, 53, 169;
her claims to the English crown, 79, 153;
treaties with Elizabeth and the Lords, 176;
returns to Scotland, 196, 201;
person and character, 196-198;
policy, 199-201, 208, 211, 212;
relations with Elizabeth, 205;
scheme of marriage with Leicester, _ib._;
with Don Carlos, 206, 213, 221;
relations with Knox and the Calvinists, 218;
turns to the Lennoxes, 222;
proposes to marry Darnley, 223;
expels Murray, 225;
demands to be recognized as Elizabeth's successor, 226;
her plans for Scotland and England, _ib._;
quarrel with Darnley, 227;
captured, 229;
escapes to Dunbar, _ib._;
returns, 230;
birth of her son, 231;
relations with Darnley and Bothwell, 242, 243;
sanctions the establishment of Protestantism, 245;
marries Bothwell, _ib._;
captured by the Lords, 246;
prisoner at Lochleven, 257, 258;
forced to resign, 259;
escapes, 260;
defeated at Langside, 261;
flies to Carlisle, _ib._;
refuses to clear herself, 262;
plans for her marriage with Arran, 263;
for her marriage with Norfolk, _ib._, 265;
plots with Norfolk, 265, 271, 272;
given in charge to Lord Huntingdon, 268;
imprisoned at Coventry, 269;
scheme of marriage with Don John, 310;
joins Babington's plot, 351;
trial and death, 352;
bequeaths her claims to Philip, 353;
materials for her history, 4
Mary of Guise, queen of Scotland, iv. 23, 25, 28;
Regent, 112;
relations with the Protestants, 118, 168;
with France, 170;
death, 176
Mary of Modena, wife of James II., vi. 278; vii. 29, 34
Mary, daughter of Henry VII., iii. 232; iv. 46
Maserfeld, battle of the, i. 71
Masham, Mrs., vii. 132
Massachusetts,
first settlement in, v. 310;
first charter granted to, 311;
protests against English taxation, vii. 326;
proposes a congress, 330;
its assembly dissolved, viii. 14;
resists the tea-duty, 15;
its charter altered, 18;
takes up arms against England, 19;
repudiates English government, 23;
refuses to join in war against England, 203, 204
Massena, General, viii. 140, 189-191
Massey, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, vii. 25
Massinger, Philip, v. 303
Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror, i. 159
Matilda or Maud (Edith), wife of Henry I., i. 198-200, 246
Matilda or Maud, daughter of Henry I., i. 208, 213, 219, 220
Matthias, Emperor, v. 177, 213, 217
Maud. _See_ Matilda
Maunay, Sir Walter, ii. 234, 246, 253
Maurice, Bishop of London, i. 223
Maurice, Prince, vi. 13, 19, 22
Maximilian I. of Austria, iii. 147;
marries Mary of Burgundy, 151;
war with Lewis XI., _ib._;
treaty with him, 170;
supports Perkin Warbeck, 180;
relations with France, 232-234;
death, 239;
policy towards Luther, iv. 18
May's _History of the Long Parliament_, v. 72
Mayenne, Charles of Lorraine, Duke of, iv. 367, 372
_Mayflower_, the, v. 309
Mayne, Cuthbert, iv. 309
Maynooth stormed, iii. 328, 329
Mayor of a town,
successor of portreeve, i. 303;
right of electing, 315;
of Oxford, 310
Mazarin, Cardinal, vi. 114, 117, 190
Measures, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
Meaux taken by Henry V., iii. 36
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, iv. 360, 362
Medway, the Dutch in the, vi. 242
Melfort, John Drummond, first Earl of, vii. 17
Melrose,
Cuthbert at, i. 75;
_Chronicle_ of, 273;
English raid on, iv. 29
Melville, Andrew, v. 133, 136, 138, 164, 165
Menou, General, viii. 164, 166
Meonwaras, i. 85
Merchadé, i. 265
Merchant Adventurers,
English, in Flanders, iii. 155;
of London, iv. 283, 284
Merchant Associations, iv. 233, 283
Merchant-gild, the, i. 297, 300;
struggle with craft-gilds, 316-318;
of London, 319
Mercia
under Penda, i. 66, 70-73;
submits to Oswiu, 73;
becomes Christian, _ib._;
its revival under Wulfhere, 78, 85;
struggle with Wessex, 90-91;
greatness under Offa, 97, 98;
struggle with Wales, ii. 46;
civil strife in, i. 101;
conquered by Ecgberht, 102;
attacked by northmen, 104;
conquered by them, 105;
English, under ealdorman Æthelred, 117;
annexed to Wessex, 118;
revolts against Eadwig, 137;
submits to Cnut, 143;
earldom of, 146
Mercians, their settlement, i. 37
Meres, Francis, v. 32, 41, 42