betrothed to Catharine of Aragon, iii. 187;
king, 198;
person and tastes, _ib._, 199;
protects the New Learning, 202, 204;
temper, 204;
policy towards France, 205, 207;
marries Catharine, 207;
relations with Ferdinand, _ib._;
attempt on France, 209, 210;
treaty with Lewis XII., 232;
with Charles, 233;
relations with Charles, 235;
treaty with Francis, _ib._;
seeks the Empire, 240;
designs on France, _ib._;
interview with Charles, 241;
with Francis, _ib._;
league with Charles and the Pope, 243;
financial difficulties, _ib._, 244, 251, 252;
new alliance with Charles, 250;
supports the Papacy, 255;
his _Assertion of the Seven Sacraments_, _ib._;
named "Defender of the Faith," _ib._;
protects Latimer, 263, 265;
treaties with France, 266, 270;
joins the Holy League, 266;
seeks a divorce, 268, 272;
relations with Anne Boleyn, 267, 270, 273, 274, 276;
with Parliament, 288;
forbids the circulation of Tyndale's Bible, 290;
appeals to the Universities about his divorce, 292;
claims to be "Head of the Church," 296;
banishes Catharine from his house, 298;
league with France, 302;
threatened with excommunication, _ib._;
marries Anne Boleyn, 303;
takes title of "Supreme Head of the Church," 306;
Cromwell's hold over him, 313, 314;
marries Jane Seymour, 326;
dealings with Ireland, 327, 328, 330-333;
turns to the Lutherans, 335, 336;
his Articles of Religion, 337, 338;
attitude towards Protestantism, 345;
excommunicated, 350;
marries Anne of Cleves, 351;
divorces Anne and marries Catharine Howard, iv. 17;
marries Catharine Parr, 24;
dealings with Scotland, 25-29;
alliance with Charles, 27;
campaign in France, 30;
treaty with Francis, 33;
financial difficulties, 34;
offers aid to the League of Schmalkald, 36;
drift of his religious policy, 37;
address to Parliament in 1545, 38;
his scheme for union of England and Scotland, 52;
death, 45;
will, 46, 69
Henry V., Emperor, i. 208
Henry VI., Emperor, i. 262
Henry II., king of France, iv. 53, 65, 174
Henry III., king of France (_see_ Anjou), iv. 301, 348, 356, 367, 368
Henry, king of Navarre, iv. 348, 355, 367;
king of France (Henry IV.), 368;
victory at Ivry, 369;
besieges Paris, _ib._;
besieges Rouen, 371;
conversion, 372;
assassinated, v. 178
Henry, son of Henry II.,
betrothed to Margaret of France, i. 233;
crowned, 240;
rebels, 254, 257;
dies, 257
Henry of Almaine, ii. 87
Henry, Bishop of Winchester, i. 224, 225
Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, i. 264
Henry, son of David I. of Scotland, ii. 134
Henry of Essex, ii. 54
Henry of Trastamara, ii. 282-284, 287
Herbert, Arthur,
carries the invitation to William III., vii. 35;
Earl of Torrington, 68, 75
Herbert, George, v. 113, 303
Herbert, Philip, Lord, vi. 101
Herbert, Sir Thomas, v. 72
Hereford, Humfrey de Bohun, Earl of. _See_ Bohun
Hereford, Henry, Duke of. _See_ Henry IV.
Hereward, i. 170
Herford, Nicholas, ii. 336, 339, 341, 343
Herrick, Robert, v. 303
Herrings, battle of the, iii. 46
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, iv. 41;
expedition to Scotland, _ib._, 29;
head of the "new men," 45, 46;
sends aid to the German Protestants, 50.
_See_ Somerset
Hertford, Edward Seymour, first Earl of, v. 121
Hertfordshire, royalist rising in, vi. 59
Hexham,
battle of, iii. 123;
chroniclers of, i. 173, 243
Heywood, Thomas, v. 42
Heyworth Moor, meeting of Yorkshire freeholders at, v. 378
Higden, Ralph, ii. 356;
Caxton's edition of, iii. 157
Highlands,
rising in, under Montrose, vi. 23;
under Dundee, vii. 52;
under Mar, 183;
under Charles Edward, 228;
conquest of, 230, 231
Hild, abbess of Streoneshealh, i. 77
Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 336
History, English,
its beginning, i. 31;
compilation of, under Ælfred, 115;
new school of, under Henry II., 173, 174, 244;
revival under Elizabeth, v. 3, 4;
municipal, materials for, i. 274
Hoard, the, at Winchester, i. 180, 188
Hobbes, Thomas, vi. 138-141, 170
Hoby, Sir Edward, v. 57
Hoche, General, viii. 121, 123, 124
Hochkirch, battle of, vii. 263
Hohenfriedburg, battle of, vii. 227
Hohenlinden, battle of, viii. 143
Holinshed's _History_, iii. 83
Holland,
its alliance with France, v. 316;
recognizes Charles II., vi. 70;
relations with the Commonwealth, 81;
war with England, 86, 88;
alliance with Cromwell, 116;
relations with Charles II., 186, 187;
quarrel with England, 223, 224;
war, 225, 226, 238, 239, 242;
policy of Lewis XIV. towards, 251;
war with England, 261, 268;
attacked by Lewis, 268;
declares war against him, vii. 49;
acknowledges Philip V. as king of Spain, 101;
alliance with England, 102, 105;
with England and France, 187;
with England and Prussia, viii. 85;
attacked by France, 102;
conquered, 110;
made a kingdom for Louis Buonaparte, 185;
annexed by Napoleon, 199
Holland, Henry Rich, first Earl of, vi. 62, 72
Hollis, Denzil, v. 373;
member of Committee of Public Safety, vi. 1;
his policy in 1646, 48, 49;
ecclesiastical policy, 50;
his expulsion demanded, 54;
takes office under Charles II., 301;
his _Memoirs_, v. 72
Holmby House, Charles I. seized at, vi. 53
Holy Island (Lindisfarne), i. 69
Homildon Hill, battle of, iii. 12
_Homilies, Book of_, iv. 59
Honorius III., Pope, ii. 1
Hood, Samuel, first Baron and Viscount, viii. 109
Hooke, Robert, vi. 166
Hooker, Richard, v. 110-112
Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, iv. 61, 91, 120
Hopton, Sir Ralph, vi. 5, 6
Horder (treasurer), the, i. 132
Horne, Robert, iv. 119
Horsa, i. 31
Horse-thegn (constable), i. 132
Hospitals, suppression of, iv. 34
Hotham, Sir John, v. 378
Hough, John, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, vii. 25, 26
Hounslow, camp at, vii. 16
Howard of Effingham, Charles, second Lord, iv. 358, 360, 361
Howard of Escrick, Edward, first Lord, v. 343
Howard of Escrick, William, third Lord, vi. 336
Howard, John, viii. 48-50
Howard, Catharine, iv. 17, 24
Howard, Frances, Countess of Essex, v. 190-193;
of Somerset, 193, 205-207
Howard, Sir Robert, iii. 286
Howards, the, iii. 286
Howe, Richard, first Earl, viii. 111
Howe, John, vi. 210;
refuses the Indulgence, vii. 22
Howe, General Sir William, viii. 23, 25
Howel Dda, Laws of, ii. 46
Howden, Roger of, i. 174, 244
Hrolf the Ganger, i. 154, 155
Hubert Walter, Bishop of Salisbury, i. 262;
Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar, _ib._;
his administration, 264;
puts down tumult in London, 320;
resigns justiciarship, 267;
opposes John, 328;
dies, 329
Hubertsberg, treaty of, vii. 306
Huddleston, Father John, vii. 4
Hugh, St., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 174, 267
Hugh, St. (martyr), of Lincoln, ii. 127
Hugh the Wolf, Earl of Chester, ii. 47
Huguenots, iv. 174-176;
supported by Elizabeth, 189;
growth of their power, 206-208;
rising of, 209;
treaty with Elizabeth, _ib._, 210;
with Catharine, 217;
defeated at Jarnac, 267;
at Montcontour, 268;
massacre of, 299;
refugees at Canterbury, 306;
settle in Florida, iv. 330;
persecuted by Lewis XIV., vi. 317, 335; vii. 13;
fly to England, 14
Hull, Charles I. refused admittance to, v. 378
Humbert, General, viii. 130
Hundred, the, i. 19, 47
Hundred-court, the, i. 20;
preserved by William I., 185, 186;
grand jury elected in, 264
Hundred-Rolls, ii. 117
Hundred Years' War,
its beginning, ii. 213;
change in its character, iii. 29;
its effects, ii. 214, 215; iii. 103, 104
Huntingdon
reduced by Eadward, i. 119;
granted to David of Scotland, ii. 134
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, third Earl of (_see_ Hastings), iv. 268
Huntingdon, John Holland, Earl of (Duke of Exeter), iii. 7, 8
Huntingdon, Henry of, i. 4, 173, 243
Huntly, Alexander Gordon, fourth Earl of, iv. 199, 205
Huntly, George Gordon, fifth Earl of, iv. 226
Huntly, George Gordon, sixth Earl of, v. 139, 140
Huntly, George Gordon, second Marquis of, v. 336, 337
Hus-carls,
Cnut's, i. 144, 146;
Harthacnut's, 148;
Harold's, 163, 164
Huss, John, ii. 349
Hussey, John, Lord, iii. 322, 325
Hutchinson, Colonel, v. 81, 97;
_Memoirs of_, 72
Hutten, Ulrich von, iii. 256
Hwiccas, i. 66
Hyde, Anne, vi. 221
Hyde, Edward, v. 362;
organizes the Royalist party in Parliament, 367;
joins Charles I. at York, 378;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, vi. 205.
_See_ Clarendon
Hyde, Lawrence, vi. 315, 334
Hyder Ali, viii. 131
Iceland colonized by Northmen, i. 129
Ida the Flame-bearer, i. 52
Impositions of James I., v. 160
Income-tax, viii. 137
Independents, v. 308;
emigrate to America, _ib._, 310;
return, vi. 28;
their petition to Charles II., 200
India,
Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 109, 113;
English settlements in, vii. 232;
French attack on, 233;
Portuguese settlements in, 232;
French withdraw from, 307;
Warren Hastings' rule in, viii. 31, 32, 50;
Fox's scheme for its government, 67, 68;
Buonaparte's designs on, 131, 132
Indulgence,
first Declaration of, vi. 219, 220;
second, 262, 273;
third, vii. 22;
fourth, 29, 30
Ine, king of Wessex, i. 89, 90
Ingelger of Anjou, i. 209
Innocent III., Pope,
quashes elections to Canterbury, i. 329;
appoints Stephen Langton, 330;
lays England under interdict, _ib._;
sentences John to deposition, 333;
annuls the Charter, excommunicates the barons, and suspends Langton,
354
Interdict
in England, i. 330, 331;
in Flanders, ii. 219, 224
"Interim," the, iv. 51
Inquisition, the, iv. 31, 101
Inverlochy, battle of, vi. 38
Iona, i. 69
Ireland,
materials for early history of, i. 7, 8;
its condition after the Danish invasions, 249, 250;
slave-trade with Bristol, 250;
bull for conquest of, 251;
Anglo-Norman invasion of, 252;
Henry II. in, 253;
Gerald de Barri's treatises on, 245, 285;
students from, at Oxford, 291;
condition after the Norman invasion, ii. 373-375;
barons of, rise against John, i. 332, 333;
John in, ii. 375, 376;
Gaveston in, 187;
Edward Bruce's expedition to, 376;
condition under Edward III., 377;
Richard II. in, 367, 378;
Henry VII.'s dealings with, iii. 181, 182;
condition under Henry VIII., 326, 327;
conquest of, 328-330;
Henry's government of, 330-333;
effects of Cromwell's ecclesiastical policy in, 339-342;
attempts to force the Reformation on, iv. 62, 63;
condition under Mary, 109-111;
trade with Bristol, iv. 282;
condition under Elizabeth, 314, 315;
rising in, 315, 316;
condition after the fall of Smerwick, v. 61;
rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, 62;
condition under James I., 287, 288;
Wentworth's rule in, 290-292, 364;
rising in, 365;
Charles I.'s dealings with, vi. 16;
success of Ormond's diplomacy in, 71;
Royalist successes in, 75;
Cromwell's campaign in, 76, 77, 79;
proposal for its union with England, 84, 86;
its first representation in the English Parliament, 99;
Cromwell's conquest and settlement of, 109, 110;
first union with England, 110;
union dissolved, 180;
condition under Charles II., 181, 182;
under James II., vii. 17, 55-59;
war in, between James and William, 70-72;
William's conquest of, 73, 74;
relations with England, viii. 33;
condition in eighteenth century, 34-36;
demand for independence, 37, 38;
made independent, 39;
Pitt's dealings with, 78, 117, 118;
peasant risings in, 119;
Hoche's descent on, 124;
panic in, _ib._, 125;
revolt in, 129;
second union with England, 139
Ireton, Henry,
supports the Independents, vi. 45;
his influence with the army, 51;
policy, 54, 56, 57, 81;
Irish campaign and death, 109;
his corpse outraged, 201
Irishmen, United, viii. 118-120, 127, 128
Iron,
manufactures of, iv. 279;
mines, i. 30; ii. 107;
trade in eighteenth century, viii. 54, 57
Isabel I., queen of Castille, iii. 186, 187
Isabella of Angoulême, wife of King John, ii. 33
Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., ii. 186, 197, 198, 207, 208
Isabella of France, wife of Richard II., ii. 368
Isabella, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372; v. 121
Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 290
Italy,
the Renascence in, iii. 189, 190;
northern, conquered by Charles VIII. of France, 206;
by Francis I., 233;
by Buonaparte, viii. 122, 123, 125
_Itinerarium Cambriæ_, i. 274
_Itinerarium Regis Ricardi_, i. 174
Ivar the Boneless, i. 104
Ivry, battle of, iv. 369
"Jack the Carter," ii. 318
"Jack the Miller," ii. 318
"Jack Trewman," ii. 318
Jackson, General, viii. 205
Jacobins, viii. 96
Jacobites, vii. 68;
their plots, 102, 103, 105;
relations with the Tories, 166-168;
rise in 1715, 183, 184;
in 1745, 228-230
Jacquerie, the, ii. 265
Jamaica conquered by the English, vi. 117
James (I.), son of Robert III. of Scotland, iii. 15;
prisoner in England, 16;
king, _ib._, 183;
murdered, 184
James IV., king of Scots, iii. 184, 185, 210
James V., king of Scots, iii. 248; iv. 23, 25, 26
James (VI.) of Scotland,
born, iv. 231;
crowned, 259;
relations with Lennox and the Guises, 346;
alliance with Elizabeth, 350;
relations with Essex and Robert Cecil, v. 63;
king of England, 122;
his early life, 122-124;
character and purpose, 124, 125;
struggle with the nobles, 128;
with the Kirk, 133, 134, 139-143;
his _Basilikon Dôron_, 143;
enters London, 146;
person and character, 146-148;
policy, 144, 149, 150;
gives relief to the Catholics, 150;
refuses Puritan demands, 152, 153;
proposes union with Scotland, 154;
takes title of King of Great Britain, 155;
his impositions, 160, 161;
struggle with the Assembly and the Kirk, 164-166;
with English law, 168;
his _True Law of Free Monarchy_, 169;
his theory of monarchy, _ib._, 170;
financial straits, 172;
struggle with Parliament, 179-182;
his own minister, 185, 186;
sets aside the council, 187;
his favourites, 188, 189;
backs the divorce of Lady Essex, 190, 191, 193;
immorality of his court, 193, 194;
summons Parliament, 195;
dissolves it, 196;
revives benevolences, 197, 198, 229;
checks the growth of London, 198, 199;
increases the peerage, 200;
relations with the judges, 201, 202;
dismisses Coke, 202;
policy towards Spain, 211, 212;
towards Germany and Bohemia, 218, 219;
revives monopolies, 222;
quarrel with Parliament, 228, 229;
tears its Protestation, 229;
overborne by Buckingham, 235;
death, 239;
letters of, iv. 4;
authorities for his reign, v. 71
James, duke of York (King James II.), vi. 182;
Lord Admiral, 193;
marries Anne Hyde, 221;
fight with Opdam off Lowestoft, 225;
conversion, 255;
fight with De Ruyter, 268;
owns himself a Catholic and resigns his office, 274;
second marriage, 278;
exempted from the act excluding Catholics from Parliament, 297;
sent to Brussels, 300;
plans for excluding him from the succession, 306;
recalled, 310;
goes to Scotland, _ib._;
again recalled, 315, 335;
king, vii. 5;
his character, _ib._, 6;
first measures, 6, 7;
increases the army, 11;
relations with France, 12;
refuses to let William visit England, _ib._;
dealings with the Catholics and the Parliament, 14, 15;
with the judges, 15;
establishes a camp at Hounslow, 16;
restores the High Commission, 18;
struggle with the Tory nobles, 19-21;
issues Declarations of Indulgence, 22, 29;
attempts to pack Parliament, 23, 29;
dealings with the Universities, 24-26;
relations with William of Orange, 26-28;
struggle with the seven bishops, 30, 31;
reinforces his army with Irish troops, 33;
sides with Lewis against the Empire and Holland, 36;
reverses his policy, 39;
flight, 42-44;
received as king by Lewis, 49;
policy in Ireland, 55;
lands at Kinsale, 56;
his rule at Dublin, 58, 59;
returns to France, 71;
his plans, 77;
death, 106;
his _Autobiography_, vi. 157, 158
James, William, ii. 340
Jamestown, foundation of, v. 308
Jarnac, battle of, iv. 267
Jarrow, i. 91, 92;
plundered by northmen, 101
Jeanne d'Arc, iii. 46-55;
_Procès de_, ii. 179
Jeffreys, George, Chief-Justice, vii. 10, 19;
Lord Chancellor, 31
Jehan le Bel, ii. 178
Jemappes, battle of, viii. 101
Jena, battle of, viii. 174
Jenkins's ear, vii. 217
Jenkinson, Charles (first earl of Liverpool), vii. 311
Jenkinson's Travels, v. 9
Jersey, Charles II. in, vi. 78
Jerusalem,
Ælfred's intercourse with, i. 113;
taken by Saladin, 257
Jervis, Admiral, viii. 127
Jesuits,
Order of, founded, iv. 31, 101;
missionaries in England, 317-320, 353;
banished, v. 156;
return, vii. 16;
in England, materials for their history, iv. 5
Jewel, John, iv. 119, v. 106
Jews in England, i. 187, ii. 125, 130, 284, 307;
expelled, ii. 131;
return, vi. 112
Joan of Arc. _See_ Jeanne
Joan, daughter of Edward II., ii. 206
Joan of Kent, wife of the Black Prince, ii. 293, 306
Jocelin of Brakelond, i. 174
Johanna, daughter of King John, ii. 54
Johanna, daughter of Edward I., ii. 123
John of Beverley, St., i. 77
John, son of Henry II., i. 258;
Lord of Ireland, ii. 374;
struggle with Longchamp, i. 260, 261;
with Hubert Walter, _ib._;
king, 268;
victory at Mirebeau, _ib._;
loses his French dominions, 269;
his character, 326-328;
prepares for war with France, 328;
Welsh rise against him, 333;
his continental alliances, _ib._, 334;
campaigns in Wales, ii. 54, 55;
struggle with the Church, i. 329-331;
relations with the baronage, 332, 338;
sentenced by the Pope to deposition, 333;
becomes the Pope's vassal, 337;
absolved, 338;
struggle with Langton, 340, 341;
goes to France, 342;
defeat and return, 343;
struggle with the barons, 344-347;
assents to Great Charter, 348, 353;
gets it annulled by the Pope, 354;
takes Rochester and marches on the north, _ib._;
struggle with Lewis of France, 355;
divides the Pale into counties, ii. 376;
charter to Oxford, i. 309;
death, 356;
his submission to the Pope repudiated by Parliament, ii. 275
John, king of Bohemia, ii. 236, 239
John, duke of Normandy, ii. 234, 235;
king of France, 258;
Normandy rises against, 259;
campaign against the Black Prince, 260, 261;
prisoner, 262, 263;
death, 281
John of Austria, Don, iv. 310-312
John of Cambridge, prior of St. Edmund's, ii. 329
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, ii. 287, 293, 294;
position and policy, 302, 303;
corrupt administration, 303;
opposed by the Good Parliament, 305-307;
action after its dismissal, 307;
attacks Wykeham, 308;
supports Wyclif, 309;
withdraws from court, 311;
expedition to St. Malo, 315;
turns against Wyclif, 337, 341;
goes to Spain, 350;
intercedes for the Lords Appellant, 354;
patron of Chaucer, 359;
Aquitaine granted to, 369;
death, 373
John the Litster, ii. 325, 331
John of London, pupil of Roger Bacon, ii. 16
John of Northampton, mayor of London, ii. 345, 350
John the Old Saxon, i. 113
John of Salisbury, i. 173, 174, 250, 282, 283, 285
Johnson, Samuel, vii. 204, 217; viii. 11
Jonson, Ben, v. 42
Joseph II., emperor, viii. 81, 85, 86
Journalism, developement of, in the eighteenth century, vii. 298
Juana of Castille, wife of Philip of Austria, iii. 186, 208
Judges,
limitations of their powers, ii. 110, 111;
circuits of, i. 207;
organized by Henry II., 256;
regulated by the Great Charter, 350
Julius II., Pope, iii. 187, 188, 209, 274
Julius III., Pope, iv. 86
Junius, viii. 9
Junto, the, vii. 85
Jurors, two classes of, i. 238;
their functions in the Shire Court, ii. 149
Jury,
trial by, its origin, i. 238;
the Grand, _ib._;
mode of its election, 264;
petty, 239
Justice
in Old England, i. 12, 13, 49;
Henry II.'s organization of, 256;
administration of, in towns, 297;
provisions for, in Great Charter, 350, 352
Justices of the Peace, ii. 123
Justiciar, the, i. 206;
barons claim right of electing, ii. 38, 60;
made responsible to Permanent Council, 61
Jutes, the,
their early home, i. 10;
land in Thanet, 31, 32;
their victories in Kent, 33;
settlements in Wight and along Southampton Water, 85
Juxon, bishop of London and treasurer, v. 298
Ken, Thomas, bishop of Bath and Wells, vii. 4
Kenilworth,
the younger Simon de Montfort defeated at, ii. 76;
Richard of Cornwall prisoner at, 80:
its garrison refuse to surrender, 86;
surrender, 89;
Edward II. in ward at, 199;
Henry VI. at, iii. 66;
Ban of, ii. 87-89;
"Round Table" of, 95
Kent,
conquest of, i. 33;
its rise under Æthelberht, 56;
conversion, 59;
relations with Eadwine, 64;
conquered by Ine, 90;
submits to Mercia, 91, 98;
revolts against Offa, 98;
against William I., 167;
risings in, ii. 319; iii. 64;
Complaint of the Commons of, iii. 65, 66;
resists benevolences, 251;
Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96;
iron manufactures in, 279;
royalist rising in, vi. 59, 61
Kent, West, kingdom of, i. 83
Kent, Edmund, earl of, son of Edward I., ii. 206, 207
Kent, Joan of, ii. 293, 306
Kent, Thomas Holland, earl of (duke of Surrey), iii. 7, 8
Kent, the Nun of, iii. 319
Kerry, rising in, iv. 315
Ketel of St. Edmund's, i. 313
Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of, iii. 175, 181, 182
Kildare, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of, iii. 328
Killiecrankie, battle of, vii. 52
Killigrew, Tom, vi. 175
Kilmarnock, William Boyd, fourth Earl of, vii. 230
Kilsyth, battle of, vi. 41
King, the, i. 48;
nature and limits of his power, 49, 132;
his "comrades," 50-52;
increase of his importance through struggle with northmen, 131;
his household officers become officers of state, 132;
relations with England after loss of Normandy, 326;
his revenue, ii. 103;
relations with Parliament, 181-183;
position at opening of Wars of the Roses, iii. 85, 86;
the Convention's settlement of his position, vi. 197;
in Council, i. 256; ii. 110, 111.
_See_ Monarchy
King's Bench, court of, ii. 109
King's County, English settlement of, iv. 111
King's Court, the, i. 186;
its organization under Henry I., 206;
under Henry II., 255; ii. 110, 111;
regulated by Great Charter, i. 350;
divided into three tribunals, ii. 109
Kirk, the Scottish,
its organization, v. 131, 132;
relations with the people and the king, 132-136;
its triumph, 140;
new struggle with James, 164-166;
dealings of Charles I. and Laud with, 326, 328, 330, 331;
re-established, 335; vii. 54
Kirk o' Field, iv. 244
Knighthood,
compulsory, under Edward I., ii. 118, 164;
under Charles I., v. 277
Knights,
their complaint against the barons, ii. 62;
right of attendance at the Great Council, 145;
growth of their importance after the Barons' War, 147;
relations with the Crown, _ib._, 148;
of the shire, summoned to Parliament, 66, 71, 73, 150, 151;
result of their election in county court, 151, 152;
relations with the Lords, 202;
grouped together with the burgesses as "the Commons," 203;
petition for due election of, 300
Knolles's _History of the Turks_, v. 4
Knollys, Sir Francis, iv. 119, 215
Knox, John, iv. 113-115, 119, 128;
denounces Mary Tudor, 130;
resists Mary Stuart, 201, 212, 218;
breaks with Murray, 218;
defies Mary, 220;
calls for her death, 259;
his character and influence, v. 130, 131;
his Liturgy, 327;
his _History of the Reformation_, iv. 4
Knyghton, Henry, ii. 177, 179
Kolin, battle of, vii. 248
Kunersdorf, battle of, vii. 263
Labour-rents, i. 322, 323;
commutation of, 324;
attempts to revive, ii. 257, 266, 267
Labourdonnais besieges Madras, vii. 233
Labourers,
their position after the Black Death, ii. 255;
condition under Richard II., 314;
in fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, iii. 109-111;
under Elizabeth, iv. 275, 276
Lacy, Henry de, ii. 188
Lacy, Robert de, i. 201
Læt, the, i. 14, 15
Lafayette, Marquis de, viii. 83
Lagos, battle off, vii. 273
La Hire, iii. 49
La Hogue, battle of, vii. 78
Lake, Gerard, first viscount, viii. 130
Lambert, General,
his campaign against Hamilton, vi. 62;
pursuit of Charles II., 83;
resigns his command, 121;
relations with Monk, 150, 151;
escape and defeat, 152;
exempted from pardon, 195
Lambeth,
Harthacnut dies at, i. 148;
treaty of, ii. 3;
the archbishop's chapel at, its transformations, v. 90;
Laud's restoration of, 299, 300
Lancashire, reluctance of its boroughs to send members to Parliament,
ii. 155
Lancaster, Blanche of, ii. 287
Lancaster, Edmund, Earl of. _See_ Edmund
Lancaster, Henry, Earl of, ii. 199, 203, 206
Lancaster, Henry, first Duke of (_see_ Derby), ii. 258-260, 266
Lancaster, Henry of (King Henry IV.) _See_ Henry
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, ii. 188, 191, 193-195
Lancelot, legend of, i. 247
Land-tenure
in Old England, i. 14;
after Norman Conquest, 322-324;
Edward I.'s legislation concerning, ii. 124, 125
Land-tax, i. 186, 207, 350; ii. 103
"Landless man," the, i. 322, 323
_Lanercost, Chronicle of_, i. 273
Lanfranc, abbot of Bec, i. 159;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 187;
crowns William II., 191
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, vi. 40
Langland, William, ii. 178, 179, 269-272
Langport, battle of, vi. 41
Langside, battle of, iv. 261
Langton, Simon, i. 355