encontraríamos en los Estados Unidos más católicos que en siete
repúblicas latinas juntas. Es más que nada el idioma, vínculo
importantísimo, aunque no definitivo, y es además el tipo de la
civilización, casi exclusivamente español y calcado en el modelo del
madrileño Ministerio de Ultramar.[5] Si es verdad que el indio y el
negro han representado numéricamente un gran contingente de fuerza
americana, no lo es menos que[6] siempre vivieron supeditados al amo,
que era el aventurero español, y luego a su hijo, el criollo de sangre
europea, que heredaba la civilización superior y con ella el mando. La
población blanca de cultura española ha sido, por consiguiente, la que
ha impreso a la América el tipo de ideología con que aparece en los
tiempos contemporáneos, sin que el negro ni el indio hayan conseguido
más trascendencia en las mezclas que añadir algunos estigmas de
superstición, pereza o agresividad, a los que ya trajeron con su sangre
de presidio los primeros conquistadores. Pero ¿ha persistido de una
manera absoluta esa extensa hegemonía del tipo español de civilización
sobre los otros estratos inferiores? Esto es lo que se halla hoy en cien
brazas de agua[7] en el Brasil, también en parte de la América latina,
empieza a influir el elemento alemán; la Argentina absorbe día tras día
media población de la Italia meridional; Colombia y Venezuela buscan en
Francia sus orientaciones intelectuales; Méjico recibe los efluvios
salutíferos del utilitarismo _yankee_. La América es un campo abierto a
las más heterogéneas razas y actividades. ¿Quién puede asegurar que al
correr de medio siglo[8] perdure en estas regiones tropicales y
meridionales este exclusivismo de la fisonomía cultural española?
--_Jesús Castellanos_ (CUBANO)
Chapter Footnotes:
[1] =a lo largo de,= _throughout the length of_.
[2] =que (el español) es por sí solo,= _who (the Spaniard) is himself_.
VARIANT: =Que es en sí ....=
[3] =aquí y allá,= _here and there_.
[4] =dándose el caso de,= _resulting in; the resulting fact being_.
[5] =Ministerio de Ultramar,= _The Colonial Office_. The Ministry or
Department in Spain which had charge of the administration of the
Spanish colonies.
[6] =no lo es menos que,= _it is no less (true) that; it is equally
(true) that_.
[7] =en cien brazas de agua,= _buried a hundred fathoms deep; very
deeply rooted_. Note the mixed metaphor.
[8] =al correr de medio siglo,= _in half a century from now_. VARIANT:
=Al cabo de medio siglo; cuando vaya corrido medio siglo.=
9.--LOS EXTRANJEROS EN AMÉRICA
Vengan en hora buena aquéllos que penetran al seno de la República por
el pórtico siempre abierto del preámbulo constitucional,[1] dispuestos a
labrar su propio bienestar, contribuyendo al engrandecimiento común al
amparo de leyes cuya generosidad sólo podría compararse a la del surco
dilecto, que retribuye sin usuras el sudor de las frentes; vengan en
hora buena esos inmigrantes sanos y buenos, que incorporan nuevos
glóbulos rojos a las arterias de la República y de cada uno de los
cuales podría decirse, parafraseando un concepto ajeno, que es como una
letra en el gran abecedario del progreso nacional; vengan en hora buena
esos extranjeros como Burmeister, como Jacques, como Berg, como Gould,
como Groussac, que han ilustrado el pensamiento de varias generaciones
argentinas, y cuyo paso por los bufetes de la pública enseñanza nos
permite afirmar que la República diluída en la triunfal policromía de un
potente organismo joven, es americana por el rígido concepto de su
propia autonomía; española por su tradición y por su lengua; alemana por
su ejército; inglesa por la pujanza de sus grandes capitales; francesa
por sus tendencias literarias e italiana por el hondo y permanente amor
a las cosas altas y las cosas bellas. ¡Vengan enhorabuena esos
extranjeros, cuyos apellidos nos han servido para bautizar todos los
accidentes geográficos de la costa patagónica[2] ... y vengan, por
último, esos otros cuyas figuras, esculpidas en el bronce o en el
mármol, cubren pedazos del caro suelo nativo! Pero esos otros, lívidos,
sobre cuya ignorancia ha echado raíces la noción indeterminada y confusa
de un superlirismo feroz, esos otros, mala hora aquélla en que rumbean a
esta playa, y bien venida la ley[3] que los repudia a nombre de un
derecho al bienestar que, si puede ser invocado por ellos, con mil veces
más razón ha de poder invocarlo un pueblo entero.
--_Belisario Roldán_ (ARGENTINO)
Chapter Footnotes:
[1] A reference to the closing words of the introduction to the
Argentine Constitution, which provides that the rights therein
sanctioned shall be enjoyed "by ourselves, our posterity and everybody
in the world who wishes to live on Argentine soil."
[2] Southern Argentina, although it is made up of five National
Territories, is still called Patagonia, in much the same way that a
certain group of Eastern States is called New England still.
[3] A reference to the law barring undesirable immigrants from the
Argentine ports.
10.--EL CÁNTARO DE LA DONCELLA
Debemos formular claramente al país lo que ha de ser en esta América de
las esperanzas humanas. La unidad de tierra y de raza; la predestinación
que comporta, al abrirle, la expansiva facilidad de los vientos marinos,
agentes de toda civilización feliz, su situación interoceánica; la
riqueza colosal, la ausencia de prejuicios, la democracia y la
hospitalidad, señalan a esta América como uno de los futuros imperios
universales a cuya formación parece tender la especie. Nuestro país debe
ser en ella el justo y el civilizador. Si hay un destino humano que
realizar aquí, adelantémonos a cargar con su responsabilidad y su peso.
Quien tenga el mérito del esfuerzo inicial, tendrá también la
recompensa.
La patria hostil de los riesgos permanentes, no es, por fortuna, la
nuestra. En esa misma jactancia de producción ganadera y agrícola, de
fortuna fácil, de hartura para los hombres del mundo, está patente el
deseo de ser útil. Espiritualicémoslo, y ya tenemos formulado su
destino.... La justicia es una sed y la civilización una siembra.
Asegure el país al continente la justicia de su derecho y de su espada.
Tiéndale el vínculo de sus rieles y de sus aguas transeuntes en nudo
fraternal, así como el buen labrador forma para toda la familia el haz
de espigas. Viva de hacer el bien por su dicha inherente. Vaya ofertando
en noble gratuidad, donde sea menester, el cántaro lleno. La luz de su
astro heráldico[1] le da el concepto de la justicia, a la que aspiran
por igual el árbol formidable y la brizna encorvada bajo su gota de
rocío.
Así sea el espíritu argentino sobre la América. Así le asegure para
mañana el sufragio de los justos sedientos que no en vano acudieron a su
cántaro.
--_Leopoldo Lugones_ (ARGENTINO)
Chapter Footnotes:
[1] An allusion to the full-rayed sun in the Argentine flag and coat of
arms.
VOCABULARY
NOTE
_No modern language text-book vocabulary, no matter how extensive or
complete it may be in its application to the text it covers, can take
the place of a dictionary, and the vocabulary which follows is no
exception to this rule. Each student using this text-book should provide
himself with a good Spanish-English English-Spanish dictionary in a not
too abridged edition, and should, in addition, have access in the
class-room to the latest authorized edition of the_ "Diccionario de la
Lengua Castellana" _published by the Royal Academy of Spain._
_In preparing this vocabulary the author has kept clearly in mind the
previous preparation and equipment in Spanish of the students for whom
this book is intended. Such students will be familiar with the
rudimentary principles of Spanish grammatical construction before
beginning to read this text, and will have acquired a fairly extensive
working vocabulary in that language which should include a considerable
proportion of the nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs most commonly
used in simple everyday speech. Such words have, therefore, been
excluded from this vocabulary, except in cases where, because of unusual
idiomatic construction or other variation from ordinary usage, it has
seemed desirable to include them._
_As a rule, only one form of a word has been translated in the
vocabulary, and this is particularly true of verbs, in which the
infinitive has had preferential attention. Throughout the vocabulary,
the English translation is the equivalent in each case of the
corresponding term in Spanish =in the sense in which it is used in the
reading text=. Particular care has been taken to avoid altogether, where
possible, or to give last, those misleading translations which, because
of close resemblance or identity in spelling--not in meaning--are
eternal stumbling-blocks in the acquirement of a foreign language. Few
synonyms in English are given, since exercise in Spanish variants,
rather than in English synonyms, is what the student needs._
_It should be noted that no attempt has been made to include in the
vocabulary words from the idiomatic phrases and expressions explained in
the footnotes throughout the reading text, except in the few cases where
the meaning cannot be readily gained from the context. Similarly, many
Spanish Americanisms are not included because their meaning is either
obvious or has been sufficiently explained in the reading text._
VOCABULARY
=abacería=, _f._, grocery.
=abarcar=, to clasp, to include.
=abarrotes=, _m. pl._, groceries.
=abastecer=, to provide necessaries, to purvey.
=abatir=, to throw down, to cut down, to lower, to descend, to stop;
_refl._, to dishearten.
=abigarrado, -a=, variegated, motley.
=ablandar=, to soften.
=abogado=, _m._, lawyer, attorney at law.
=abolladura=, _f._, dent.
=abonado, -a=, holder of a season ticket.
=abonar=, to pay;
to subscribe;
to fertilize.
=abono=, _m._, subscription;
fertilizer.
=abrasante=, burning, scorching.
=abrumado, -a=, weary, burdened.
=abundamiento, a mayor ----=, moreover.
=acabar=, to finish, to end;
=---- de=, to have just;
=---- por=, to end by.
=acalorarse=, _refl._, to grow warm, to become excited.
=acanelado, -a=, cinnamon-colored.
=acariciar=, to caress.
=acarrear=, to carry.
=acaso=, _m._, hazard, chance;
=si por ----=, if by chance.
=acaudalado, -a=, rich, wealthy.
=accionar=, to gesticulate.
=aceituna=, _f._, olive.
=acendrado, -a=, purified, refined.
=acendrar=, to purify, to refine.
=acentuar=, to emphasize, to accent.
=aceptante=, _m._, he who accepts.
=acerca de=, about, relating to.
=acercarse=, _refl._, to get near, to approach.
=acertar=, to hit;
to succeed.
=aciago, -a=, unfortunate, sad.
=aclaración=, _f._, explanation.
=acoger=, to receive;
_refl._, to take refuge, to resort to.
=acogido=, _see_ =acoger=.
=acometer=, to attack, to undertake.
=acomodado, -a=, well-to-do.
=acondicionar=, to pack.
=acontecimiento=, _m._, event.
=acosar=, to pursue closely, to vex.
=acostado, -a=, lying down.
=acrecentar=, to increase, to grow.
=acreedor=, _m._, creditor.
=acriollarse=, _refl._ (_Sp. A._), to become acquainted with
the customs of a country in which one is a new-comer.
=acuarela=, _f._, watercolor.
=acudir=, to have recourse to, to apply to.
=acurrucado, -a=, muffled up.
=achatado, -a=, flattened; _see_ =achatar=.
=achatar=, to flatten.
=achura=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), intestines, viscera.
=adelantar=, to pay beforehand, to advance, to loan (_money_);
_refl._, to step forward, to get ahead.
=adelanto=, _m._, advance, progress.
=ademán=, _m._, gesture.
=además=, in addition to, moreover.
=aderezar=, to dress.
=adiós=, good-by.
=adiosito= (_Sp. A._), _an intimate, affectionate form of_ =adiós=.
=admitir=, to accept, to receive.
=adonde=, where.
=aduana=, _f._, custom-house.
=adular=, to flatter.
=adusto, -a=, austere, gloomy, intractable, sullen.
=advertir=, to take notice, to advise, to warn;
to discover.
=afamado, -a=, celebrated, noted.
=afición=, _f._, inclination.
=aficionado=, _m._, amateur.
=aflojar=, to loosen, to relax.
=aforrado=, lined.
=aforrar=, to line.
=agarrar=, to grasp, to seize, to take.
=agasajar=, to receive well, to treat kindly.
=agavilladora=, _f._, an agricultural machine which reaps and binds
grain in sheaves; steam reaper and binder.
=agencia=, _f._, office, bureau;
=---- marítima=, office of a steamship company;
=---- de colocaciones=, employment bureau;
=---- de mensajeros=, district messenger office;
=---- de transportes=, express office;
=---- de mudanzas=, moving van office;
=---- de alquileres=, real estate office;
=---- de cambio=, money changer's office.
=ágil=, nimble, ready, rapid, light.
=agio=, _m._, speculation.
=agonizante=, a dying person, in the death-throes.
=agresivo, -a=, hostile.
=agrícola=, agricultural.
=agrimensor=, _m._, surveyor.
=agua=, _f._, =---- dulce=, fresh water;
=----s servidas=, waste waters, sewage.
=aguacate=, _m._, alligator pear _or_ the tree which bears this fruit.
=aguantar=, to bear, to sustain, to endure, to hold out.
=aguará=, _m._, a. species of fox found in S. A.
=aguardar=, to await, to look for.
=aguardiente=, _m._, brandy;
=---- de caña=, rum.
=agudeza=, _f._, witty saying;
shrewdness;
subtlety.
=agudo, -a=, witty.
=aguileño, -a=, aquiline.
=aguinaldo=, _m._, a Cuban vine which blooms about Christmas time.
=agutí=, _m._, agouti, a species of small rodent.
=aguzado, -a=, pointed, keen, sharpened, stimulated, excited.
=ahinco=, _m._, ardor, earnestness, zeal.
=ahondar=, to sound, to penetrate, to dip into, to become acquainted with.
=ahora=, now;
=---- bien=, well, granted, nevertheless;
=---- mismo=, just now;
=por ----=, for the present;
=desde ----=, from now on;
=hasta ----=, until now.
=ahorrar=, to save.
=ahuehuetl= _or_ =ahuehuete=, a giant tree of Mexico.
=aire=, _m._, air;
=---- libre=, fresh air.
=ají=, _m._, the dwarf red pepper of the West Indies.
=ajo=, _m._, garlic.
=ala=, _f._, wing;
=---- de sombrero=, hat-brim.
=alabar=, to praise.
=alambicado, -a=, said of a line of business subjected to keen competition;
in sharp competition.
=alar=, pertaining to wings.
=alargado, -a=, elongated, lengthened.
=alarido=, _m._, shout, howl.
=albaricoque=, _m._, apricot.
=albergue=, _m._, lodging, shelter.
=albor=, _m._, dawn.
=alborotar=, to disturb.
=alborotos=, _m. pl._ (_Sp. A._), popcorn;
noisy demonstrations.
=alcance=, _m._, scope, reach;
=al ----=, within reach.
=alcantarilla=, _f._, culvert, drain, underground sewer.
=alcanzar=, to attain, to reach, to overtake, to comprehend.
=alcoba=, _f._, alcove, bedroom.
=aleación=, _f._, alloy.
=alegato=, _m._, allegation, complaint;
statement by the plaintiff of his grievance.
=alejamiento=, _m._, aloofness, distance, strangeness.
=alejandrino=, _m._, Alexandrine, a classic form of verse.
=alentar=, to encourage.
=aletargado, -a=, in a state of lethargy.
=aletargarse=, _refl._, to fall into a state of lethargy.
=aleteo=, _m._, clapping of the wings.
=alfiler=, _m._, pin;
=---- de corbata=, scarf-pin.
=algarrobo=, _m._, a tree belonging to the leguminous family.
=algazara=, _f._, shouting, a noisy expression of joy.
=algo=, something;
somewhat;
_m._, a something.
=algodonero=, _m._, cotton-plant.
=alguno, -a=, some, any;
_pl._, some, certain (ones), a few;
=no ... ----=, not any ...;
=ni ... ----, no ...= whatever.
=alicates=, _m._, fine-pointed pincers.
=aliciente=, _m._, inducement.
=aliento=, _m._, breath, spirit, vigor;
=de largo ----=, requiring much time to accomplish;
long-winded.
=alimaña=, _f._, insect or animal pests.
=aliviar=, to lighten, to mitigate, to relieve.
=aljibe=, _m._, cistern, reservoir.
=almacén=, _m._, warehouse;
(_Sp. A._) grocery.
=almendra=, _f._, almond.
=alondra=, _f._, lark.
=alpaca=, _f._, a ruminant of South America, bearing a certain kind of wool.
=alrededor=, around, roundabout.
=alteroso, -a= (_Obs._), high, tall.
=altiplanicie=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), plateau, high tableland.
=altisonante=, high-sounding.
=altivo, -a=, haughty, proud.
=alto=, _m._, a piece of high ground.
=altozano=, _m._, a height of land, a hill.
=altura=, _f._, height, top (of a hill).
=alusivo, -a=, suggestive, making allusion to, alluding to.
=alza=, _f._, rise.
=alzada=, _f._, height (of horse).
=allá=, there.
=allasito= (_Sp. A._), _dim. from_ =allá=.
=ama=, _f._, mistress of the house;
=---- de casa=, housewife, housekeeper.
=amagamiento=, _m._, suggestion.
=amalgamar=, to mix, to put together;
to construe.
=amañado, -a=, possessed (of an evil spirit).
=amargura=, _f._, bitterness, sorrow.
=amarrar=, to tie, to bind.
=amasado, -a=, kneaded.
=amasar=, to knead.
=amén de=, besides.
=americano, -a=, belonging to the western hemisphere;
=---- del norte=, North American, referring particularly to the
United States.
=amistades=, _f. pl._, friends, acquaintances;
friendships;
friendly relations.
=amoldar=, to mold.
=amordazar=, to gag, to deprive of liberty of speech.
=ampararse=, _refl._, to claim or enjoy protection.
=amparo=, _m._, favor, aid, protection.
=ampuloso, -a=, pompous.
=ánade=, _m. and f._, duck.
=analfabeto=, _m._, one unable to read or write.
=angarilla=, _f._, a kind of pack-saddle.
=anhelar=, to desire earnestly.
=animal=, _m._, applied to any kind of live stock;
=---- fino= _or_ =de raza= _or_ =de pura sangre=, thoroughbred.
=antes=, before, beforehand;
=---- de=, before;
=---- de que=, before;
=---- que=, rather than;
=cuanto ----=, as soon as possible;
=de ----=, formerly, in olden times.
=antiguo, -a=, ancient, =de ----=;
from long ago.
=antiparras=, _f. pl._, spectacles with colored lenses, closed at the sides by
wire gauze.
=antorcha=, _f._, torch.
=anudar=, to tie.
=añadir=, to add.
=añicos=, _m. pl._, bits, small pieces.
=año=, _m._, year;
=ahora ----s=, years ago.
=añoso, -a=, old.
=apacentar=, to graze, to pasture.
=apacible=, affable, gentle, quiet, placid, pleasant, calm.
=aparador=, _m._, sideboard.
=aparcero, -a= (_River Plate_), friend.
=aparejado, -a=, equipped.
=aparejar=, to equip.
=aparejo=, _m._, harness;
apparatus,
equipment in any trade;
fish-hooks and tackle.
=aparta=, _f._, the act of dividing herds into groups.
=apasionarse=, _refl._, to become excessively fond of a person or thing.
=apearse=, _refl._, to alight.
=apego=, _m._, attachment, fondness.
=apio=, _m._, celery.
=aplastar=, to flatten, to crush.
=apodo=, _m._, nickname;
name.
=aporrear=, to beat, to knock about.
=aportar=, to contribute, to bring in;
to set aside.
=aposento=, _m._, bedroom.
=apoyar=, to approve, to second, to back.
=apreciar=, to estimate, to value, to appreciate.
=apremio=, _m._, pressure, strain, insistence, constriction, constraint.
=aprendiz=, _m._, apprentice.
=apropósito=, _m._, a one-act play which alludes to current events;
a "curtain-raiser."
=aprovechar=, to profit, to take advantage.
=apuntar=, to point out, to mark, to take note of.
=apurar=, to consume;
to clear up;
(_Sp. A._) to press, to hasten.
=arado=, -a, plowed;
_m._, plow.
=araguato=, _m._, a species of monkey.
=araguida=, _m._, a bird with brilliant red plumage.
=arambel=, _m._, rag.
=araña=, _f._, spider;
chandelier.
=arar=, to plow.
=arbitral=, arbitral;
=cámara ----=, board of arbitration.
=arcilla=, _f._, clay;
=---- refractaria=, fire-clay.
=archivo=, _m._, filing cabinet.
=arder=, to burn.
=ardimiento=, _m._, courage, ardor.
=arduo, -a=, arduous, difficult.
=arenga=, _f._, harangue.
=arenque=, _m._, herring.
=argentado, -a=, covered with silver;
silvery.
=argentar=, to cover with silver.
=argentinismo=, _m._, word or idiom peculiar to the Argentine Republic.
=argolla=, _f._, a large metal ring.
=arhuaco, -a=, pertaining to the Arhuacos, an Indian tribe.
=arisco, -a=, wild, churlish, intractable.
=arista=, _f._, edge, groin, rib.
=armador=, _m._, ship-owner, ship-builder.
=armar=, to arm, to adjust, to frame, to put together;
_refl._ (_Sp. A._), to balk.
=armario=, _m._, cabinet, closet.
=armazón=, _f._, framework.
=armiño=, _m._, ermine.
=arqueado, -a=, arched.
=arquear=, to form an arch.
=arraigar=, to take root;
to found, to institute.
=arrancar=, to pull up by the roots;
to start (off).
=arrapiezo=, _m._, street urchin.
=arrebatar=, to take away by violence.
=arredrarse=, _refl._, to become terrified.
=arreglillo=, _m._, an amorous adventure _or_ episode.
=arremetida=, _f._, attack, assault.
=arrendar=, to bridle a horse.
=arriate=, _m._, border in garden beds.
=arriero=, _m._, driver of mules or cattle.
=arrinconar=, to put a thing in a corner.
=arrojar=, to throw, to total, to sum up.
=arrojo=, _m._, a spurt of bravery.
=arrostrar=, to face.
=arruga=, _f._, a wrinkle.
=artificio=, _m._, artifice, ruse.
=asado=, _m._, roast (meat).
=asaltar=, to assault, to assail; to
occur to one.
=asamblea=, _f._, assembly, meeting.
=ascensor=, _m._, elevator;
=---- doméstico=, dumbwaiter.
=ascua=, _f._, red-hot coal.
=aseado, -a=, clean, neat.
=asear=, to clean.
=asegurar=, to secure, to insure;
to assure.
=aseguro=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), _see_ =seguro=.
=asentar=, to affirm, to assure, to set forth, to set as a basis.
=asentir=, to acquiesce, to assent.
=así=, so, thus;
---- =como=, in the same way as;
---- =como= ----, any way;
---- =que=, so that;
=¿cómo ----?= how so?
=asistencia=, _f_., attendance.
=asolar=, to devastate, to pillage.
=áspero, -a=, rough, rugged, harsh.
=astillero=, _m._, shipyard, navy-yard.
=asustarse=, _refl._, to shy (_a horse_).
=atajar=, to stop, to intercept.
=atambor= (_Obs._), drum.
=atar=, to tie, to bind.
=atenacear=, to tear off with pincers.
=atender=, to attend.
=atenerse=, _refl._, to abide.
=aterciopelado, -a=, smooth, velvety.
=atesorar=, to hoard, to save.
=atestado=, packed full.
=atestar=, to pack full.
=atezado, -a=, black.
=atiplado, -a=, sharp, acute, out of tune.
=atisbar=, to watch.
=atrapar=, to overtake, to catch.
=atraso=, _m._, backwardness.
=atrio=, _m._, the open space before a church.
=aturdido, -a=, stupefied with a blow.
=aturdir=, to stupefy with a blow.
=aura=, _f._, gentle breeze (_Poetical_).
=aureo, -a=, golden, gilt.
=auto=, _m._, judicial decree or sentence.
=autóctono=, native to the country.
=avalúo=, _m._, appraisal, valuation.
=avanzado=, _m._, outpost, advance guard.
=avellano=, _m._, hazelnut tree.
=aventajado, -a=, surpassing the ordinary or common.
=aventajar=, to surpass.
=aventar=, to move the air, to toss in the wind, to winnow grain.
=avergonzarse=, _refl._, to be ashamed.
=averiado, -a=, damaged.
=averiar=, to damage.
=averiguar=, to verify, to inquire into.
=avestruz=, _m._, ostrich.
=avezado, -a=, accustomed.
=avistar=, to descry at a distance.
=avivar=, to quicken, to enliven.
=avizor, -a=, watchful.
=avo=, _m._, termination of words indicating the denomination of fractions.
=ayuda=, help;
=---- propia=, self-help.
=azabache=, _m._, jet.
=azahar=, _m._, blossom of the orange or lemon tree.
=azogado, -a=, agitated, surprised, dumfounded.
=azogar=, to coat with quicksilver;
to agitate;
to bewilder, to amaze.
=azotea=, _f._, flat roof of a house.
=azúcar=, _f._, sugar;
=---- de lustre=, fine powdered sugar;
=---- mascabada=, unclarified sugar;
=---- morena= _or_ =terciada=, brown sugar;
=---- negra= _or_ =prieta=, coarse brown sugar;
=---- piedra= _or_ =cande=, crystallized sugar;
=---- parda=, clayed sugar.
=azufre=, _m._, sulphur.
=azulejo=, _m._, glazed tile.
=bagaje=, _m._, baggage;
beast of burden.
=baja=, _f._, fall in price.
=bajío=, _m._, shoal, sand-bank, shallow _or_ flat.
=bajito, -a=, _dim. of_ =bajo=. =bajo=, low, short (referring to stature).
=balandra=, _f._, small one-masted vessel.
=balanza=, _f._, scale, balance.
=balazo=, _m._, shot;
also, the wound from a shot.
=balcón=, _m._, balcony.
=baldío, -a=, untilled, uncultivated, vacant (land).
=baldosa=, _f._, square tile.
=bambuco=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), a popular dance in Colombia.
=bancario, -a=, pertaining to banks and banking.
=bandada=, _f._, flock.
=banderola=, _f._ (_Sp. A._), fanlight, transom.
=bando=, _m._, edict _or_ law solemnly published by superior authority.
=bandola=, _f._, a small musical instrument resembling a tambourine.
=banqueta=, _f._, footstool, seat.
=bañado=, _m._ (_Sp. A._), also =bañadero=, water-hole, swamp.
=baño=, _m._, bath;
=---- maría=, steam cooker, double boiler.
=barajar=, to shuffle cards;
to catch on the wing.
=baratillero=, _m._, peddler.
=barbudo, -a=, bearded, having a long beard.
=barca=, _f._, boat;
=---- de pesca=, fishing boat.