One Nights, or the Arabian Nights Entertainments, translated and
arranged for family reading, with explanatory notes. Second edition.”
Here Galland’s old spelling is restored, and the “explanatory notes,”
ostentatiously mentioned on the title page are entirely omitted. This
edition was in 3 vols. I have seen a copy dated 1850; and think I have
heard of an issue in 1 vol.; and there is an American reprint in 2 vols.
The English issue was ultimately withdrawn from circulation in
consequence of Lane’s protests. (Mr. S. L. Poole’s Life of E. W. Lane,
p. 95). It contains the woodcut of the Flying Couch, which is wanting in
the later editions of the genuine work; but not Galland’s doubtful
tales, as Poole asserts.
Several editions of the original work, edited by Messrs. E. S. and S. L.
Poole, have appeared at intervals from 1859 to 1882. They differ little
from the original edition except in their slightly smaller size.
The short tales included in Lane’s notes were published separately as
one of Knight’s Weekly Volumes, in 1845, under the title of “Arabian
Tales and Anecdotes, being a selection from the notes to the new
translation of the Thousand and One Nights, by E. W. Lane, Esq.”
Finally, in 1883, Mr. Stanley Lane Poole published a classified and
arranged edition of Lane’s notes under the title of “Arabian Society in
the Middle Ages.”
Mr. John Payne’s version of the Mac. edition was issued in 9 vols. by
the Villon Society to subscribers only. It appeared from 1882 to 1884,
and only 500 copies were printed. Judging from the original prospectus,
it seems to have been the author’s intention to have completed the work
in 8 vols., and to have devoted vol. 9 to Galland’s doubtful tales; but
as they are omitted, he must have found that the work ran to a greater
length than he had anticipated, and that space failed him. He published
some preliminary papers on the Nights in the New Quarterly Magazine for
January and April, 1879.
Mr. Payne subsequently issued “Tales from the Arabic of the Breslau and
Calcutta (1814–18) editions of the Thousand Nights and One Night, not
occurring in the other printed texts of the work.” (Three vols., London,
1884). Of this work, issued, like the other, by the Villon Society, to
subscribers only, 750 copies were printed, besides 50 on large paper.
The third volume includes indices of all the tales in the four principal
printed texts.
Finally we have Sir R. F. Burton’s translation now in its entirety
before his subscribers. It is restricted to 1,000 copies. (Why not
1,001?) The five supplementary vols. are to include tales wanting in the
Mac. edition, but found in other texts (printed and MS.), while Lady
Burton’s popular edition will allow of the free circulation of Sir R. F.
Burton’s work among all classes of the reading public.
_COLLECTIONS OF SELECTED TALES._
There are many volumes of selections derived from Galland, but these
hardly require mention; the following may be noticed as derived from
other sources:
1. Caliphs and Sultans, being tales omitted in the usual editions of the
Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. Re-written and re-arranged by Sylvanus
Hanley, F.L.S., etc., London, 1868; 2nd edition 1870.
Consists of portions of tales chiefly selected from Scott, Lamb, Chavis
and Cazotte, Trébutien and Lane; much abridged, and frequently strung
together, as follows:—
Nos. 246, 41, 32 (including Nos. 111, 21a, and 89); 9a (including 9aa,
[which Hanley seems, by the way, to have borrowed from some version
which I do not recognise] 22 and 248); 155, 156, 136, 162; Xailonn the
Silly (from Cazotte); 132 and 132a; and 169 (including 134 and 135x).
2. Ilâm-en-Nâs. Historical tales and anecdotes of the time of the early
Kalîfahs. Translated from the Arabic and annotated by Mrs. Godfrey
Clerk, author of “The Antipodes, and Round the World.” London, 1873.
Many of these anecdotes, as is candidly admitted by the authoress in her
Preface, are found with variations in the Nights, though not translated
by her from this source.
3. The New Arabian Nights. Select tales not included by Galland or Lane.
By W. F. Kirby, London, 1882.
Includes the following tales, slightly abridged, from Weil and Scott:
Nos. 200, 201, 264, 215, 209, and 208.
Two editions have appeared in England, besides reprints in America and
Australia.
_SEPARATE EDITIONS OF SINGLE OR COMPOSITE TALES._
6 e (ee).—THE BARBER’S FIFTH BROTHER.
Mr. W. R. Clouston (in litt.) calls attention to the version of this
story by Addison in the “Spectator,” No. 535, Nov. 13, 1712, after
Galland. There is good reason to suppose that this is subsequent to the
first English edition, which, however, Addison does not mention. There
is also an English version in Faris’ little Arabic Grammar (London,
1856), and likewise in Richardson’s Arabic Grammar. The latter author
extracted it from a MS. belonging to Sir W. Jones.
5.—NUR AL-DIN AND BADR AL-DIN HASAN.
There are two Paris editions of the “Histoire de Chems-Eddine et de
Nour-Eddine,” edited by Prof. Cherbonneau. The first (1852) contains
text and notes, and the second (1869) includes text, vocabulary and
translations.
7.—NUR AL DIN AND ANIS AL-JALIS.
An edition by Kasíwirski of “Enis’ el-Djelis, ou histoire de la belle
Persane,” appeared in Paris in 1867. It includes text, translation and
notes.
9.—KING OMAR BIN AL-NU’AMAN.
There is a French abridgment of this story entitled, “Scharkan, Conte
Arabe, suivi de quelques anecdotes orientales; traduit par M. Asselan
Riche, Membre de la Société Asiatique de Paris” (Paris and Marseilles,
12mo, 1829, pp. 240). The seven anecdotes appended are as follows: (1)
the well-known story of Omar’s prisoner and the glass of water; (2)
Elhedjadj and a young Arab; (3) = our No. 140; (4) Anecdote of Elhedjadj
and a story-teller; (5) = our No. 86; (6) King Bahman and the Moubed’s
parable of the Owls; (7) = our No. 145.
133.—SINDBAD THE SEAMAN.
This is the proper place to call attention to a work specially relating
to this story, “Remarks on the Arabian Nights Entertainments; in which
the origin of Sindbad’s Voyages and other Oriental Fictions is
particularly described. By Richard Hole, LL.D.” (London, 1797, pp. iv.
259).
It is an old book, but may still be consulted with advantage.
There are two important critical editions of No. 133, one in French and
one in German.
1. Les Voyages de Sind-bâd le marin et la ruse des Femmes. Contes
arabes. Traduction littérale, accompagnée du Texte et des Notes. Par L.
Langlès (Paris, 1814).
The second story is our No. 184.
2. Die beiden Sindbad oder Reiseabenteuer Sindbads des Seefabrers. Nach
einer zum ersten Male in Europa bedruckten Ægyptischen Handschrift
unmittelbar und wörtlich treu aus den Arabischen übersetzt und mit
erklärenden Anmerkungen, nebst zwei sprachlichen Beilagen zum Gebrauch
für abgehende Orientalisten herausgegeben von J. G. H. Reinsch (Breslau,
1826).
135.—THE CRAFT AND MALICE OF WOMEN.
The literature of this cluster of tales would require a volume in
itself, and I cannot do better than refer to Mr. W. A. Clouston’s “Book
of Sindibad” (8vo, Glasgow, 1884) for further information. This book,
though privately printed and limited to 300 copies, is not uncommon.
136.—JUDAR AND HIS BRETHREN.
An edition of this story, entitled “Histoire de Djouder le Pêcheur,”
edited by Prof. Houdas, was published in the Bibliothèque Algérienne, at
Algiers, in 1865. It includes text and vocabulary.
174.—THE TEN VAZIRS.
This collection of tales has also been frequently reprinted separately.
It is the Arabic version of the Persian Bakhtyar Nameh, of which Mr.
Clouston issued a privately-printed edition in 1883.
The following versions have come under my notice:—
1. Nouveaux Contes Arabes, ou Supplement aux Mille et une Nuits suivies
de Mélanges de Littérature orientale et de lettres, par l’Abbe ***
(Paris, 1788, pp. 425).
This work consists chiefly of a series of tales selected and adapted
from the Ten Vazirs. “Written in Europe by a European, and its interest
is found in the Terminal Essay, on the Mythologia Æsopica” (Burton in
litt.).
2. Historien om de ti Vezirer og hoorledes det gik dem med Kong Azád
Bachts Sön, oversat af Arabisk ved R. Rask (8vo, Kobenhavn, 1829).
3. Habicht, x. p. vi., refers to the following;—Historia decem Vezirorum
et filii regis Azad-Bacht insertis XIII. aliis narrationibus, in usum
tironum Cahirensem, edid. G. Knös, Göttingen, 1807, 8vo.
He also states that Knös published the commencement in 1805, in his
“Disquisitio de fide Herodoti, quo perhibet Phœnices Africam navibus
circumvectos esse cum recentiorum super hac re sententiis
excussis.—Adnexum est specimen sermonis Arabici vulgaris s. initium
historiæ filii regis Azad-Bacht e Codice inedito.”
4. Contes Arabes. Histoire des dix Vizirs (Bakhtyar Nameh). Traduite et
annotée par René Basset, Professeur à l’école superieure des lettres
d’Algérie. Paris, 1883.
Chavis and Cazotte (pp. 471, 472) included a version of the Ten Vazirs
in their work; and others are referred to in our Table of Tales.
248.—THE WISE HEYCAR.
Subsequently to the publication of Gauttier’s edition of The Nights,
Agoub republished his translation under the title of “Le sage Heycar,
conte Arabe” (Paris, 1824).
* * * * *
A few tales published by Scott in Ouseley’s Oriental Collections have
already been noticed (anteà, p. 491).
_TRANSLATIONS OF COGNATE ORIENTAL ROMANCES ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE NIGHTS._
1 LES MILLE ET UN JOURS. CONTES PERSANES.
“In imitation of the Arabian Nights, was composed a Persian collection
entitled ‘Hazár Yek Rúz (روز يک رور) or the Thousand and One Days,’ of
which Petis de la Croix published a French rendering [in 1710], which
was done into English [by Dr. King, and published in 2 vols. (with the
Turkish Tales = Forty Vezirs) as early as 1714; and subsequently] by
Ambrose Phillips” (in 1738), (Clouston, in litt.). Here, and
occasionally elsewhere, I have quoted from some MSS. notes on The Nights
by Mr. W. A. Clouston, which Sir R. F. Burton kindly permitted me to
inspect. Mr. Clouston then quotes Cazotte’s Preface (not in my edition
of the Thousand and One Days), according to which the book was written
by the celebrated Dervis Moclès (Mukhlis) chief of the Sofis (Sufis?) of
Ispahan, founded upon certain Indian comedies. Petis de la Croix was on
friendly terms with Mukhlis, who allowed him to take a copy of his work
in 1675, during his residence in Ispahan. (I find these statements
confirmed in the Cabinet des Fées, xxxvii. pp. 266, 274, 278, and in
Weber’s “Tales of the East,” i. pp. xxxvi., xxxxii.)
The framework of the story is the same as Nos. 9a and 152: a Princess,
who conceives an aversion to men from dreaming of the self-devotion of a
doe, and the indifference and selfishness of a stag. Mr. Clouston refers
to Nakhshabí’s Tútí Náma (No. 33 of Káderí’s abridgment, and 39 of India
Office MS. 2,573); whence he thinks it probable that Mukhlis may have
taken the tale. But the tale itself is repeated over and over again in
many Arabic, Persian, and Turkish collections: in fact, there are few of
commoner occurrence.
The tales are told by the nurse in order to overcome the aversion of the
Princess to men. They are as follows:
Introduction and Conclusion: Story of the Princess of Cashmir.
1. Story of Aboulcassem Bafry.
2. Story of King Ruzvanchad and the Princess Cheheristani.
_a._ Story of the young King of Thibet and the Princess of the
Naimans.
_b._ Story of the Vazir Cavercha.
3. Story of Couloufe and the Beautiful Dilora.
4. Story of Prince Calaf and the Princess of China.
_a._ Story of Prince Fadlallah, son of Ben-Ortoc, King of
Moussel.
5. Story of King Bedreddin-Lolo, and his Vazir Atalmulk, surnamed
the Sad Vazir.
_a._ Story of Atalmulk and the Princess Zelica Beghume.
_b._ Story of Prince Seyf-el-Molouk.
_c._ Story of Malek and the Princess Chirine.
_d._ Story of King Hormuz, surnamed the King without trouble.
_d a._ Story of Avicenna.
_e._ Story of the fair Arouya.
_f._ Singular Adventures of Aboulfawaris, surnamed the Great
Traveller (2 Voyages).
6. Story of the Two Brother Genii, Adis and Dahy.
7. Story of Nasiraddolé, King of Moussel, of Abderrahman, Merchant
of Bagdad, and the Beautiful Zeineb.
8. Story of Repsima.
This work has many times been reprinted in France, where it holds a
place only second to The Nights.
Sir R. F. Burton remarks, concerning the Persian and Turkish Tales of
Petis de la Crois (the latter of which form part of the Forty Vazirs,
No. 251.) “Both are weak and servile imitations of Galland by an
Orientalist who knew nothing of the East. In one passage in the story of
Fadlallah, we read of ‘Le Sacrifice du Mont Arafáte,’ which seems to
have become a fixture in the European brain. I found the work easy
writing and exceedingly hard reading.”
The following tales require a passing notice:—
1. _Story of Aboulcassem Bafry._—A story of concealed treasure; it has
also some resemblance to No. 31.
2. _Ruzvanchad and Cheheristani._—Cheheristani is a jinniyah, who is
pursued by the King, under the form of a white doe; marries him, and
becomes the mother of Balkis, the Queen of Sheba. She exacts a promise
from him never to rebuke her for any of her actions: he breaks it, and
she leaves him for a time.
2a. _The Young King of Thibet._—Two imposters obtain magic rings by
which they can assume the shapes of other persons.
2a, b. _The Vazir Cavercha._—This is one of Scott’s stories (No. 223 of
our Table). It goes back at least as far as the Ring of Polycrates. It
is the 8th Vezir’s Story in Mr. Gibbs’ Forty Vezirs (pp. 200–205.)
4. _Prince Calaf._—This story is well known, and is sometimes played as
a comedy. The Princess Turandot puts riddles to her suitors, and beheads
them if they fail to answer.
5b. _Story of Prince Seyf-el-Molouk._—This story is perhaps an older
version than that which appears in The Nights (No. 154a.) It is placed
long after the time of Solomon; Saad is devoured by ants; and when Seyf
enters the palace of Malika (= Daulet Khatoon), the jinni surprises
them, and is overpowered by Seyf’s ring. He then informs him of the
death of Saad; and that Bedy al-Jemal was one of the mistresses of
Solomon; and has also long been dead.
5b. _Malek and Chirine._—Resembles No. 264; Malek passes himself off as
the Prophet Mohammed; burns his box (not chair) with fireworks on his
wedding-day, and is thus prevented from ever returning to the Princess.
5f. _Adventures of Aboulfawaris._—Romantic travels, resembling Nos. 132a
and 133.
2. _Antar._—This is the most famous of the Badawi romances. It resembles
No. 137, in several particulars, but is destitute of supernaturalism. An
English abridgment in 4 vols. was published in 1820; and the substance
of vol. 1 had appeared, as a fragment, in the previous year, under the
title of “Antar, a Bedoueen Romance translated from the Arabic by
Terrick Hamilton, Esq., Oriental Secretary to the British Embassy at
Constantinople.” I have also seen vol. 1 of a French translation,
published about 1862, and extending to the death of Shas.
Lane (Modern Egyptians, ch. 21–23) describes several other Arab
romances, which have not yet been translated; viz. Aboo-Zeyd; Ez-Zahir,
and Delhemeh.
3. GLAIVE-DES-COURONNES (Seif el-Tidjân) التچان التچبان Roman traduit
de l’Arabe. Par M. le Dr. Perron (Paris, 1862).
A romantic story of Arab chivalry, less overloaded with supernaturalism
than No. 137; but more supernatural than Antar. The hero marries (among
other wives) two jinniyahs of the posterity of Iblis. In ch. 21 we have
an account of a magical city much resembling the City of Brass (No. 134)
and defended by similar talismans.
4. MEHEMET THE KURD, and other tales, from Eastern sources, by Charles
Wells, Turkish Prizeman of King’s College, London, and Member of the
Royal Asiatic Society (London, 1865).
The first story, taken from an Arabic MS., is a narrative of a handsome
simple-minded man, with whom Princesses fall in love, and who is raised
to a mighty throne by their enchantments. Some of the early incidents
are not unlike those in the well-known German story of Lucky Hans (Hans
im Glück). In one place there is an enchanted garden, where Princesses
disport themselves in feather-dresses (as in No. 155, &c.), and where
magic apples grow. (Note that apples are always held in extraordinary
estimation in The Nights, cf. Nos. 4 and 264). Among the shorter stories
we find No. 251h; a version of Nos. 9a and 152 (probably that referred
to by Mr. Clouston as in the Tuti Nama); a story “The Prince Tailor,”
resembling No. 251; No. 256, and one or two other tales not connected
with The Nights. (Most of Wells’ shorter tales are evidently taken from
the Forty Vezirs.)
5. RECUEIL DES CONTES POPULAIRES de la Kabylie du Djardjara, recueillis
et traduits par J. Rivière (Paris, 1882). I have not seen this book; but
it can hardly fail to illustrate The Nights.
6. THE STORY OF JEWAD, a Romance by ’Alī ’Azīz Efendi the Cretan.
Translated from the Turkish by E. J. W. Gibb, M.R.A.S., &c. (Glasgow,
1884).
A modern Turkish work, written in A.H. 1211 (1796–7). It contains the
following tales:—
THE STORY OF JEWAD.
1. The Story of Ebū-’Alī-Sīnā.
2. The Story of Monia Emīn.
3. The Story of Ferah-Nāz, the daughter of the King of China.
_a._ The Story of Khoja ’Abdu-llah.
4. The Story told by Jewād to Iklilu’l Mulk.
_a._ The Story of Shābūr and Humā.
_c._ The Story of Ghazanfer and Rāhila.
5. The Story of Qara Khan.
The following deserve notice from our present point of view:—
_The Story of Jewād._—Here we have magical illusions, as in Nos. 247 and
251a. Such narratives are common in the East; Lane, (Nights, ch. i. note
15) is inclined to attribute such illusions to the influence of drugs;
but the narratives seem rather to point to so-called electro-biology, or
the Scotch Glamour, (such influences, as is notorious, acting far more
strongly upon Orientals than upon Europeans).
2. _The Story of Monia Emīn_ corresponds to the Story of Naerdan and
Guzulbec, in Caylus’ Oriental Tales. A story of magical illusions.
3. _The Story of Ferah Nāz._—Here again we have a variant of Nos. 9a and
152.
3a. _Khoja ’Abdu-ltab._—This is a version of the Story of Aboulcassem in
the Thousand and One Days.
4a. _Shābūr and Humā._—The commencement of this story might have
suggested to Southey the adventures of Thalaba and Oneida in the Gardens
of Aloadin; the remainder appears to be taken from the Story of the
young King of Thibet, in the Thousand and One Days.
5. _Qara Khan._—The principal part of this story is borrowed from the
First Voyage of Aboulfawaris in the Thousand and One Days; it has some
resemblance to the story of the Mountain of Loadstone in No. 3c.
7. FRÜCHTE DES ASIATISCHEN GEIST, von A. T. Hartmann. 2 vols., 12 mo.
(Münster) 1803. A collection of anecdotes, &c., from various Eastern
sources, Arabic, Indian, &c. I think it not impossible that this may be
the work referred to by Von Hammer in the preface to Zinserling’s “1001
Nacht” (p. xxvii. note) as “Asiatische Perlenschnur von Hartmann.” At
least I have not yet met with any work to which the scanty indication
would apply better.
8. TUTI-NAMA. I could hardly pass over the famous Persian and Turkish
“Parrot-Book” quite without notice; but its tales have rarely any direct
connection with those in The Nights, and I have not attempted to go into
its very extensive bibliography.
_DR. CLARKE’S MS._
Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke has given an account of an important MS. nearly
agreeing with Bul. and Mac., which he purchased in Egypt, in his
“Travels in various countries of Europe, Asia and Africa.” Part ii.
Greece, Egypt, and the Holy Land. Section i. (1812) App. iii., pp.
701–704. Unfortunately, this MS. was afterwards so damaged by water
during a shipwreck that it was rendered totally illegible. The list of
tales (as will be seen by the numbers in brackets, which correspond to
our Table, as far as the identifications are safe) will show the
approximate contents of the MS., but the list (which is translated into
German by Habicht in the preface to his vol. 12) was evidently compiled
carelessly by a person nearly ignorant of Arabic, perhaps with the aid
of an interpreter, Maltese, or other, and seems to abound with the most
absurd mistakes. The full text of Clarke’s App. iii. is as follows:
“List of One Hundred and Seventy-two Tales, contained in a manuscript
copy of The ‘Alif Lila va Lilin,’ or ‘Arabian Nights,’ as it was
procured by the Author in Egypt.”
N.B.—The Arabic words mentioned in this list are given as they appeared
to be pronounced in English characters, and of course, therefore,
adapted to English pronunciation.
The number of tales amounts to 172, but one tale is supposed to occupy
many nights in the recital, so that the whole number is divided into
“_One Thousand and One Nights_.” It rarely happens that any two copies
of the Alif Lila va Lilin resemble each other. This title is bestowed
upon any collection of Eastern tales divided into the same number of
parts. The compilation depends upon the taste, the caprice, and the
opportunities of the scribe, or the commands of his employer. Certain
popular stories are common to almost all copies of the Arabian Nights,
but almost every collection contains some tales which are not found in
every other. Much depends upon the locality of the scribe. The popular
stories of Egypt will be found to differ materially from those of
Constantinople. A nephew of the late Wortley Montague, living in
Rosetta, had a copy of the Arabian Nights, and upon comparing the two
manuscripts it appeared that out of the 172 tales here enumerated only
37 were found in his manuscript. In order to mark, therefore, the
stories which were common to the two manuscripts, an asterisk has been
prefixed to the thirty-seven tales which appeared in both copies.
1. The Bull and the Ass (a).
2. The Merchant and the Hobgoblin (1; Habicht translates Kobold!)
3. The Man and the Antelope (1a).
4. The Merchant and Two Dogs (1b).
5. The Old Man and the Mule (1c).
*6. The History of the Hunters (2).
7 & 8. The History of King Unam and the Philosopher Reinan (2a).
*9. History of King Sinbad and Elbase (2a, 2b).
*10. History of the Porter (3).
*11. History of Karānduli.
12. Story of the Mirror.
13. Story of the Three Apples (4).
*14. Of Shensheddin Mohammed, and his Brother Noureddin (5).
*15. Of the Taylor, Little Hunchback, the Jew and the Christian (6).
16. The History of Noureddin Ali (7).
17. Ditto of Gaumayub, &c. (8).
*18. The History of King Omar and Oman and his Children. (This tale
is extremely long, and occupies much of the manuscript) (9).
*19. Of the Lover and the Beloved (9a).
20. Story of the Peacock, the Goose, the Ass, the Horse, &c. (10).
21. Of the Pious Man (11).
22. Of the Pious Shepherd.
23. Of the Bird and the Turtle (12).
24. Of the Fox, the Hawk, &c. (13).
25. Of the Lord of the Beasts.
*26. Of the Mouse and the Partridge (14).
27. Of the Raven and the Cat (15).
28. Of the Raven, the Fox, the Mouse, the Flea, &c., &c. (16).
29. Story of the Thief (18).
*30. Of Aul Hassan and the Slave Shemsney Har (20).
*31. Of Kamrasaman, &c. (21).
32. Of Naam and Nameto la (21a).
*33. Of Aladin Abuskelmat (22).
*34. Of Hallina Die (23).
35. Story of Maan Jaamnazida (24).
36. History of the Town Litta (26).
37. Story of Hassan Abdulmelac (27).
38. Of Ibrahim Elmachde, Brother of Haroun al Raschid (28).
*39. History of the Famous Garden Ezem (Paradise) (29).
40. Of Isaac of Mossul (30).
41. Of Hasli Hasli.
42. Of Mohammed Eli Ali (32).
43. Of Ali the Persian (33).
44. History of the Raschid and his Judge (34).
45. Of Haled Immi Abdullah.
46. Of Jafaard the Bamasside (36).
47. Of Abokohammed Kurlan (37).
48. Of Haroun al-Raschid and Sala.
49. History of Mamoan (40).
50. Of Shar and the Slave Zemroud (41).
51. Of the Lady Bedoor (_literally Mrs. Moon-face_) and Mr.
Victorious (42).
52. Of Mammon and Mohammed of Bassorah (43).
53. Of Haroun al-Raschid and his Slave (44).
54. Of the Merchant in Debt (45).
55. Of Hassoun Medin, the Governor (46).
56. Of King Nassir and his Three Children—the Governor of Cairo, the
Governor of Bulac, and the Governor of Old Cairo (47).
57. History of the Banker and the Thief (48).
58. Of Aladin, Governor of Constantinople (49).
59. Of Mamoon and Ibrahim (50).
60. Of a certain King (51).
61. Of a Pious Man (52).
62. Of Abul Hassan Ezeada (53).
63. Of a Merchant (54).
64. Of a Man of Bagdad (55).
65. Of Modavikil (56).
*66. Of Virdan in the time of Hakim Veemrelack (N.B.—He built the
Mosque in going from Cairo to Heliopolis) (57).
67. Of a Slave and an Ape (58).