Machine-guns, use of, in British Army, ii: 125;

British and German equipments, Aug., '14, ii: 275;

utility in trench warfare, ii: 288, viii: 134-136;

nests, construction of, v: 37;

pits, v: 287;

number on A. E. F. front, Nov. 11, '18, v: 350;

predecessors of modern types, viii: 78;

Hiram Maxim's invention, 1883, viii: 78;

German pre-War preparedness, viii: 78;

effectiveness, viii: 79, 136;

usefulness compared with rifle, viii: 79;

German Machine-Gun Corps, viii: 79;

principal types, viii: 80-87;

Maxim gun, viii: 80, 87;

Benet-Mercier gun, viii: 80;

Lewis gun, viii: 81-82;

Browning gun, viii: 84-87;

on airplanes, viii: 86-87, 189-192, 196, 208-216;

Hotchkiss gun, viii: 87;

German and Allied equipments compared, Aug., '14, viii: 134;

tank _vs._ machine-gun, viii: 150-151;

U. S. production figures, xii: 284;

number captured by Americans, xii: 288.

Mackensen, Field-Marshal August von,

commander of Teuton forces conquering Serbia, ii: 34, iii: 156;

leads invasion of Rumania, ii: 60, iii: 222;

leader of offensive through Galicia and Poland, ii: 233, iii: 128;

commands Bulgarian forces, iii: 218;

biography, ix: 257-261.

Madeline Farm,

Germans resist attacks on, by 80th and 3rd Divs., Oct. 6, '18,

v: 241;

captured by Americans, Oct. 9, '18, v: 245.

_Madelon, Le_, French soldiers' song, xi: 339.

Madras,

bombarded by German raider _Emden_, Sept. 18, '14, iv: 174.

_Magdeburg_, German cruiser sunk by Russians, Aug., '14,

iv: 365.

Maghdaba, British defeat Turks at, iii: 192.

Magnes, Dr. Judah L.,

visits Europe for Jewish war relief, vii: 356, 360.

_Magpies in Picardy_, poem by "Tipcuca," xi: 224.

Magyars, predominance in Austria-Hungary, vi: 306;

loyalty to Empire, vi: 306;

rebel against new Czechoslovak government, vi: 399;

_see also_

Austria-Hungary;

Hungary.

Mahon, Gen., commands British at Salonika, iii: 202.

Maidos, defenses of Gallipoli at, iv: 24.

_Mainz_, German cruiser,

sunk in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Mainz,

occupation by Allies and conditions for withdrawal from, xii: 261.

Maize, imports of, by Germany, ii: 17.

_Majestic_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31;

sunk by submarine at Gallipoli, May 27, '15, iv: 50.

Malancourt, captured by Germans, Mar., '16, iii: 51;

location, v: 217;

4th Engrs. build artillery road from, to Esnes, Sept., '18, v: 226.

Malborghetto, captured by Italians, iii: 244.

_Mali Journal_, Serbian newspaper,

on antagonism to Austria-Hungary, vi: 356.

Malingering, devices for detection of, viii: 358-361.

Malinov, succeeds Radoslavov as Bulgarian Premier, vi: 346;

statement on circumstances of Bulgarian surrender, vi: 347.

Malleterre, Gen., discussion of Allied victory, ii: 206;

Professor of Military Geography at École de Guerre, ii: 220;

eulogy of Foch and Pétain, ii: 220.

Mallon, Capt. George H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397.

Malmédy, ceded to Belgium under Peace Treaty, vi: 89, xii: 188.

Malmö, meeting of Scandinavian rulers at,

and pledge of mutual neutrality, vi: 393.

Malvy, French Minister of Interior,

tried for criminal neglect, iv: 10;

implicated in _Bonnet Rouge_ case, vi: 105;

exiled from France, vi: 106.

Mametz, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Manchuria, Japanese penetration of, i: 20.

Mangin, Gen.,

attacks Germans on Villers-Cotterets and Soissons line, July, '18,

ii: 210, v: 159;

appointed commander of Verdun sector, iii: 62;

successful attack at Verdun, Dec., '16, iii: 62.

Mann, Maj.-Gen. William A.,

relieved of command of 42nd Div., '17, v: 109.

Mannerheim, Gen., commands Finnish White Guards, vi: 198;

dictator of Finnish de facto Republic, '18, vi: 200.

Manning, Corp. Sidney E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Manoury, Gen.,

commands a French army at first Marne battle, ii: 182, 184.

Mantou, Prof., interpreter to Supreme Peace Council, xii: 152.

_Maple Leaf Forever, The_, Canadian national hymn, xi: 330.

March, Gen. Peyton C.,

Chief of Staff, U. S. Army, biography, ix: 210-212.

Margate, bombed by German airmen, Oct. 22, '16, i: 388.

Marie, Queen of Rumania, appeal for American aid, vi: 349.

Marie Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxemburg,

resigns in favor of sister, vi: 94;

biography, ix: 383-384.

_Marina, S. S._, British freighter

sunk by German submarine, Oct. 28, '16, i: 335, 388.

Marines, U. S., _see_ U. S., Marines.

Maritz, Col., rebel Boer leader,

joins Germans in Southwest Africa, '14, iii: 254, vi: 50.

_Markomannia_, auxiliary to German raider _Emden_,

iv: 170, 172.

Marlin aircraft guns, U. S. production figures, xii: 284;

_see also_ Machine-guns.

Marne, Allied retreat to the, Aug.--Sept., '14, iii: 20-30;

topography of salient, v: 42, 133.

Marne, battles of:

Sept., '14, report of Field-Marshal French on preliminary action,

ii: 9;

outline of maneuvers, ii: 9;

Foch's generalship at, ii: 103, 138-142, 182, 220, iii: 31-34;

described by French participant, ii: 182;

Gen. Manoury's share in victory, ii: 182;

military situation preceding, ii: 183;

Allied generals under Joffre at, ii: 184;

German commanders at, ii: 184;

effect of Russian invasion of East Prussia on, ii: 227;

analysis of, by a German military critic, ii: 258;

detailed account of, iii: 30-36;

casualties at, iii: 35.

July, '18, Foch's strategy, ii: 77, ii: 154;

Ludendorff's account, ii: 322-324;

Ludendorff's comment on casualties, ii: 326;

Ludendorff's comment on A. E. F. fighting, ii: 326;

general account of battle, iii: 95-97, v: 129;

detailed account of A. E. F. participation,

v: 47-61, 148-192, 382;

reasons for failure of German offensive, v: 54;

German artillery captured by Americans, v: 56;

stand of 38th Inf. against German attempts to cross Marne,

July 15, '18, v: 150-153, x: 381-387;

Pershing's message to troops, v: 191;

Gen. Degoutte's praise of A. E. F. at, v: 192;

work of tanks at, viii: 148;

_see also_

Aisne-Marne Offensive;

Champagne.

Marne District, German destruction in, iii: 297-300.

Marne (3rd) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

Mars, A. E. F. base hospital at, v: 400.

_Marseillaise_, French national anthem,

an Alsatian song, i: 211;

effect on French audience, i: 211;

words, xi: 326.

Marseilles, embarkation port for returning A. E. F., v: 395.

Marshal, Gen., commander of British capturing Bagdad, xi: 48.

Marshall, Louis, President American Jewish Relief Committee,

vii: 354.

Martin, Miss Winona C.,

American "Y" worker killed in France, vii: 313.

Martin, Dr. Franklin, member of Advisory Commission,

U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 116.

Martinpuich, captured by Allies, Sept. 15, '16, i: 388.

Mary, Queen of England, biography, ix: 392-395.

Masaryk, T. G., leader of movement for Czech independence, vi: 397.

Masefield, John,

description of British embarkation for Gallipoli, iii: 350;

account of Gallipoli fighting, iii: 352, 355-358;

description of soldier's life at Gallipoli, iii: 353.

Mata-Hari, woman spy, executed by French, Oct. 15, '17, i: 392;

discloses tank secret to Germans, x: 360.

Matz Valley, German attacks during '18 offensive, ii: 76.

Maubeuge, Allied objective in final drive, Nov., '18, iii: 103.

Maude, Gen. Sir Frederick Stanley,

Mesopotamian successes, '16--'17,

ii: _Intro. xviii_, 90, iii: 185;

biography, ix: 194-199.

Maurepas, captured by French during battle of the Somme, iii: 58.

Maurice, Maj.-Gen. Sir Frederick,

on general strategy of the War, ii: _Intro. vii-xxiv._

Mauser rifle, description, viii: 95.

Max, Burgomaster of Brussels,

demand of concessions from Germans, iii: 14.

Maxim, Hiram, invents machine-gun, 1883, viii: 78.

Maxim machine-gun, description, viii: 80;

modified type used by Germans and Austrians, viii: 87.

Maximilian of Baden, Prince,

appointed German Chancellor, Oct. 3, '18, vi: 270;

appeals to Wilson for armistice, vi: 270.

Mayo, Adm. Henry Thomas, biography, ix: 296.

Mazurian Lakes, topography of district, iii: 108;

difficulty of military operations in, iii: 113;

Russian armies annihilated by Hindenburg, Aug., '14, iii: 113-116;

second battle, Feb., '15, iii: 130;

_see also_ Tannenberg, battle of.

McAdoo, William G., biography, ix: 329-331;

Director General, U. S. Railroad Administration, xii: 88.

McAlexander, Brig.-Gen. U. G.,

as colonel commands 38th Inf. Regt. in second battle of the Marne,

July, '18, v: 152;

commands 180th Inf. Brig, at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12--15, '18, v: 209;

biography, ix: 216.

McAndrew, Maj.-Gen. James W.,

succeeds Gen. Harbord as Chief of Staff, A. E. F., Aug., '17,

v: 102;

Pershing's appreciation, v: 403-404;

biography, ix: 216.

McCaw, Brig.-Gen. Walter D., Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., v: 346.

McLemore Resolution, warning to Americans not to

travel on belligerent ships, i: 327;

President Wilson opposes, i: 327;

defeated, i: 328.

McLeod, Marguerite Gertrude Zelle,

German spy, discloses tank secret, x: 360.

McMahon, Maj.-Gen. James E., in command of 5th Div., May, '18,

v: 128;

at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202;

relieved of command of 5th Div., Oct., '18, v: 252.

McMurtry, Capt. George C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

McRae, Maj.-Gen. James H.,

in command of 78th Div., June, '18, v: 144;

at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.

Meat packers, profits before and during War, xii: 56.

Mecca, captured by Arabs, July 15, '16, i: 386.

Medeah Farm, captured by 67th French Div., Oct. 3, '18, v: 256.

Medical Corps, U. S., _see_ U. S., Army.

Medical science, use of X-ray, vii: 221, viii: 373-376;

development under war needs, viii: 361-365, xi: 286-291;

rifle and shell wounds, relative dangers of, viii: 361;

French medical service for wounded, viii: 362-365;

danger of infection in shell wounds, viii: 362, 367;

treatment of head wounds, viii: 365;

treatment of face wounds, viii: 366;

treatment of body wounds, viii: 366;

treatment of blood vessel lesions, viii: 366;

treatment of nerve cord lesions, viii: 366;

treatment of fractures, viii: 367;

new method of amputation, viii: 367;

prevention of tetanus infection, viii: 367, xi: 287;

prevention of gas gangrene, viii: 367, xi: 287-288;

treatment of shell shock, viii: 368;

causes of infection, viii: 369;

Carrel-Dakin treatment, viii: 369-372, xi: 288-289;

mechanical treatments for injured limbs, viii: 381-384;

artificial arms for war cripples, viii: 384-388;

artificial legs for war cripples, viii: 388-390;

reconstructing mutilated faces, viii: 390;

use of ambrine in treatment of burns, viii: 390;

artificial eyes for war blind, viii: 391;

prevention of infectious diseases among troops, viii: 392-397;

anti-typhoid immunization, viii: 393;

making drinking water safe for army, viii: 394-396;

_see also:_

Disease;

Infection;

Reconstruction of disabled;

Sanitation;

Surgery.

Medwa, Turks defeated at, by British, Jan., '16, iii: 191.

Mehun, U. S. Ordnance repair shop at, v: 350.

Memel, captured by Russians, Mar. 19, '15, i: 378;

evacuated by Russians, Mar. 21, '15, i: 378;

raided by Russian fleet, Mar., '15, iv: 365;

Peace Treaty provisions concerning, xii: 203.

_Men of Harlech_, Welsh national hymn, xi: 330.

Menoher, Maj.-Gen. Charles T., commander 42nd Div., '17, v: 109;

at St. Mihiel, Sept., '18, v: 202.

Mensheviki, Russian political party, doctrines of, vi: 148.

Menshikov, Russian imperialist,

outlines plan of conquest, '14, vi: 134.

Merchant marine, _see_ Shipping.

Mercier, Cardinal Désiré,

biography and war-time activities, ix: 341-343.

_Mersey_, British monitor, in Flanders and East Africa, iv: 281.

Mersey, Lord, official report on _Lusitania_ sinking,

i: 362-365.

Merville salient, evacuation of, by Germans, iii: 98.

Mesopotamia, German dream of acquisition, ii: 27;

British irrigation schemes in, ii: 295;

terrain and climate, iii: 178;

historic background of modern battlefields, iii: 329-334;

disposition under secret treaties of '16--'17, vi: 334;

area and population, xii: 279.

Mesopotamian Campaign,

strategic importance and Allied plan of operations,

ii: _Intro. xvi_, 87-91, iii: 178-180;

British land troops at Fao to protect oil fields, Nov., '14,

ii: _Intro. xvi_, iii: 180;

Gen. Nixon pursues Turks and threatens Bagdad, '15,

ii: _Intro. xvi_, 91, iii: 180-182;

British defeated at Ctesiphon and driven into

Kut-el-Amara, Dec., '15, ii: _Intro. xvi_, 91, 182-183;

siege of Kut and Gen. Townshend's surrender,

Dec. 7, '15--Apr. 29, '16,

ii: _Intro. xvii_, 91, iii: 183-185, 363, 364;

British reorganize campaign after Kut disaster,

ii: _Intro. xviii_, 92, iii: 185;

British capture Bagdad, Mar. 11, '17,

ii: _Intro. xviii_, 92, iii: 187;

British landing force advances to Basra and Kurna, Dec., '14,

iii: 180;

British capture Kut-el-Amara, Sept., '15, iii: 181;

unsuccessful attempts to relieve siege of Kut, iii: 184-185;

Gen. Maude placed in command of British, '16, iii: 185;

causes of and responsibility for British disaster,

report of Royal Commission, iii: 185, 363-370;

battle of Sannyat, iii: 185-187;

bibliography, iii: 187;

personnel of Commission of inquiry, iii: 363;

conditions in Kut during siege, iii: 364;

casualties in attempts to relieve Kut, iii: 364.

Messines Ridge,

British mine and blow up German positions, June, '17,

ii: 56, iii: 74, 76-77, viii: 310;

nature of German defenses, iii: 77;

casualties, British and German, iii: 77;

recaptured by Germans, Apr., '18, iii: 360.

_Messudiyeh_, Turkish warship

blown up in Dardanelles, Dec. 13, '14, i: 376, x: 317.

Mestrovitch, Sgt. James I.,

gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

_Meteor_, German raider in Baltic, iv: 197.

Metternich, Prince, theory of government, i: 33.

Metz, bombarded by British airmen, Jan. 14, '18, i: 393;

entered by French, Nov. 19, '18, i: 400;

Allied plan for capture of, Nov., '18, v: 274.

Meurer, Vice-Adm.,

German delegate to arrange for surrender of German fleet, iv: 384.

Meurthe River, line of defense before Nancy, iii: 19.

Meuse River, French forced to retire from, Aug., '14, iii: 20;

German attempt to invade France through valley of, '14, v: 199.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive,

concentration of A. E. F. for, Sept., '18, ii: 84, v: 75, 218, 388;

objectives, ii: 84, 214, 387;

topography of battleground, ii: 214, v: 73-74, 90, 217-218;

strategic importance, ii: 215, v: 214-216, 387;

breakdown of A. E. F. supply service, ii: 215;

Ludendorff's comment on, ii: 334;

detailed account of battle, Sept. 25--Nov. 11. '18,

iii: 100, v: 72-95, 213-253, 260-279;

extent of A. E. F. front, v: 72-73, 217, 390;

Allied plan of campaign, v: 73, 75, 216, 218;

A. E. F. divisions participating, with positions in line,

v: 74, 219-222, 388;

German defenses, position and strength, v: 74, 217-218, 388;

A. E. F. advance to Kriemhilde position, v: 78-82;

Allies break through Kriemhilde line, v: 83-88;

Germans dislodged and thrown across the Meuse, Nov., '18, v: 88-95;

number of French troops participating, v: 220, 388;

German strength, v: 220, 388;

day by day account of operations, Sept. 25--Oct. 3, v: 222-233;

number of Allied airplanes, v: 223, 388;

day by day account, Oct. 4--31, v: 234-253;

day by day account of last phase, Nov. 1--11, v: 260-279;

Argonne Forest cleared of Germans, Nov. 3, '18, v: 266;

number of Allied tanks used, v: 315, 388;

sector assigned to A. E. F., v: 385;

Pershing's official report, v: 386-393;

Allies' artillery strength, v: 388;

strength of First Army, A. E. F., v: 390, xii: 280;

desperate nature of fighting, v: 390-391;

Germans appeal for Armistice, Nov. 6, '18, v: 391;

German guns captured, v: 393;

German prisoners captured, v: 393;

casualties of First Army, v: 393, xii: 280;

magnitude of operations, v: 393.

Mexico, German plot to involve in war with U. S., i: 347.

Meyer-Waldeck, Capt., German governor of Tsing-Tau, iii: 257.

Mézières, captured by Germans, Aug. 27, '14, i: 375;

Allied objective in final drive, Nov., '18, iii: 103;

captured by French, Nov. 9,. '18, iii: 103;

fortified French frontier town, v: 215.

Mézières-Sedan railroad,

key to German lines of communication on Western Front, v: 216, 387.

Mezy, Germans force passage of Marne at, July 15, '18, v: 150.

Mice, uses in war, vii: 229.

Michael, Grand Duke,

designated as successor by Czar on abdication, vi: 156;

renounces succession to Russian throne Mar., '17, vi: 156.

Michaelis, Georg, statement of German war aims, ii: 14;

appointment as German Chancellor, July, '17, vi: 266.

Michel position,

section of Hindenburg Line on St. Mihiel Front, v: 69.

Michitch, Gen., Serbian commander,

stops advance of Austrian invaders, Dec., '14, iii: 394.

Michler, Gen., decorated for Somme campaign, iii: 60.

Microphone, instrument for detection of U-boats, iv: 308, xi: 241;

_see also_ Hydrophones.

Milan, bombarded by Austrian airmen, Feb. 14, '16, i: 384.

Miles, Capt. Wardlaw L., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Militarism, German, _see_ Germany, Militarism.

Military commandments, by Kitchener and Foch, xi: 55.

Military training, universal,

advocated by Dr. Chas. W. Eliot, i: _Intro. xii_;

German system of, i: 71;

Bernhardi's defense of, i: 162;

Roosevelt's advocacy of, for U. S., i: 326;

abolition of, in Germany under Peace Treaty, xii: 211.

Milk supply, German, ii: 18.

Miller, Lieut. John Q., observation pilot, story of, x: 232-235.

Miller, Major Oscar F., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 402.

Millicent Sutherland Ambulance, vii: 107.

Milne, Adm.,

commander of British fleet in Mediterranean, Aug., '14, iv: 13.

Milne, Pvt. W. J.,

awarded Victoria Cross for gallantry at Vimy Ridge, iii: 349.

Milyukov, Paul M., Russian statesman,

exposes treachery of Stürmer, Nov., '16, vi: 142;

assails Government distribution of food, Feb., '17, vi: 144;

Minister of Foreign Affairs in Provisional Government, Mar., '17,

vi: 158;

statement of loyalty to Allied cause, vi: 158, 159;

biography, ix: 102-103.

Mines, submarine,

North Sea mine barrage, iv: _Intro. xi_, 324, viii: 274;

use of trawlers for sweeping, iv: 292;

use in fighting U-boats, iv: 312;

use of Paravanes as protection against, iv: 313;

methods of laying, iv: 326.

Mining, in land operations, blowing up of Messines Ridge by British,

iii: 74, 76-77, viii: 310;

of Austrian positions in Alps by Italians, viii: 311.

Minkler, C. T., inventor of depth bomb, iv: 330.

Miraumont, evacuated by Germans, iii: 64.

Mirbach, Count von, assassinated by Bolsheviki, vi: 187.

Missionaries, European, as colonial pioneers in East, i: 17.

Missions, German Christian,

continuity guaranteed by Peace Treaty, xii: 263.

Missy, scene of hard fighting by 1st Div., July, '18, v: 55;

1st Div. makes first capture of German guns by A. E. F., v: 174.

Mitau, captured by Germans, Aug. 2, '15, i: 381.

Mitrovitza, captured by Germans, Nov. 23, '15, i: 382.

Mixed Arbitral Tribunal,

establishment and functions under Peace Treaty, xii: 243.

Mkwawa, Sultan, skull of,

Peace Treaty provision for return of, by Germany, xii: 225.

Mobile ordnance repair shops,

description and functions, v: 350, viii: 294-298.

_Moewe_, German raider, activities, iv: 197.

Moffat, John, systematizes American war relief, vii: 87;

decorated for relief work, vii: 87.

Moffett, Capt. Wm. A.,

commander of Great Lakes Naval Training Station, iv: 318.

_Moltke_, German cruiser in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Moltke, Field-Marshal von, views on German strategy, ii: 14.

Moltke, Lieut.-Gen. Helmuth von, biography, ix: 264.

_Monarch_, Austrian battleship

torpedoed by Italians at Trieste, x: 290.

Monastir, evacuated by Serbs, Dec. 3, '15, i: 382;

retaken by Allies, Nov. 19, '16, i: 388, iii: 208.

Moncy Wood, captured by 26th Inf., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

Mondement, Germans driven back at, in first Marne battle, iii: 33.

Mondragon, Gen., of Mexico, designer of self-loading rifle, viii: 90.

Money,

effect of unsecured paper money on prices, xii: _Intro. viii_;

inflation chief cause of high prices, xii: _Intro. xii_, 27;

war-time inflation in U. S., xii: _Intro. xii_;

inflation throughout world, xii: _Intro. xiii_;

functions, xii: _Intro. xv_;

standardized dollar as remedy for fluctuating cost of living,

xii: _Intro. xv_;

inflation defined, xii: 28;

effects of inflation, xii: 29;

revaluation of gold standard, xii: 31;

_see also_ Prices.

Monfalcone, captured by Italians, June 9, '15, iii: 244.

_Monge_, French submarine, rammed by Austrian warship, x: 295.

Monitors, revival of discarded naval type, iv: 280;

description of British type, iv: 281;

service at Dardanelles, iv: 282;

service at Trieste, iv: 283;

service in Serbia, iv: 283;

construction of, iv: 284.

_Monmouth_, British cruiser

in battle off Coronel, armament, iv: 65;

struck during battle, iv: 66;

sunk by _Nürnberg_, iv: 67, ix: 308.

Monneaux, location, v: 133.

Monro, Gen., Sir Charles,

sent to India to develop military resources,

ii: _Intro. xviii_;

succeeds Gen. Hamilton at Gallipoli, iii: 174;

conducts evacuation of Gallipoli, iii: 174.

Monroe Doctrine, barrier against European expansion in America, i:37;

interpretation under Roosevelt, i: 84;

upheld by Roosevelt against German coercion of Venezuela, i: 86.

Mons,

captured by Germans, Aug. 21--23, '14, i: 375;

British retreat from, Aug., '14,

ii: 162 (Viscount French's account),

iii: 277-281 (John Buchan's description);

British gallantry at, xi: 10.

Monsard, taken by Fourth Corps, Sept. 12, '18, v: 206.

Mont Blanc, captured by 2nd Div., v: 393.

Mont Mare Wood, passage by 89th Div., Sept. 12, '18, v: 210.

Mont St. Père-Chartèves, location, v: 133.

Mont St. Quentin, captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.

Mont Sec, dominating position on St. Mihiel sector, v: 65, 116, 199.

Mont Wood, captured by 90th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 264.

Montauban, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Montblainville, captured by 28th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 325.

Montdidier, captured by French, Aug. 11, '18, i: 397;

1st Div. relieves French near, v: 29.

Montdidier-Noyon defensive, by Allies, June 9--15, '18,

iii: 94, v: 129, 139-141;

conditions leading to German attack, v: 139;

Allied use of artillery during, v: 139.

Monte Nero, captured by Italians, iii: 244.

Montecuccoli, Adm.,

responsible for development of Austrian navy, iv: 364.

Montenegro, declares war on Austria, Aug. 7, '14, i: 375;

declares war on Germany, Aug. 10, '14, i: 375;

forced to surrender to Austria, Feb., '16, vi: 358-359;

joins Jugoslav union, vi: 366;

battle deaths, xii: 288.

Montfaucon, German stronghold in Meuse-Argonne sector, v: 78, 218;

captured by 79th Div., Sept. 27, '18, v: 224-225.

Montfaucon Wood, captured by 37th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 224.

Montmédy, captured by Germans, Aug. 27, '14, i: 375.

Montmirail, German objective in last drive on Paris, v: 36;

headquarters of 28th Div., June, '18, v: 143.

Montrebeau Wood, captured by 1st Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 237.

Montrieul-aux-Lions, headquarters of 2nd Div., June, '18, v: 143.

Moore, Rear-Adm. Sir Archibald,

second in command of British in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Morale, Allied and German during winter, '17--'18, v: 1;

German, weakened by failure of great offensive, July, '18, v: 53;

American, under hardships of Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 87, 232;

Allied and German, Sept., '18, v: 213.

Moranville, taken by 322nd Inf., Nov. 9, '18, v: 277.

Morava-Maritza Valley,

approach to Constantinople through Serbia, iii: 150.

Moravia, early history, vi: 396;

nationalistic aspirations, vi: 396.

Moresnet, ceded to Belgium under Peace Treaty, vi: 89, xii: 188.

Moreuil salient, military operations in, Aug.--Sept., '18, iii: 98;

Allied attack on Albert-Montdidier line, iii: 98;

Albert captured by British, Aug., '18, iii: 98;

British attack on the Scarpe, Sept., '18, iii: 98.

Morgan, Miss Anne, war relief activities, vii: 92.

Morine Wood, captured by 32nd Div., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

Morocco,

French control of, recognized by Great Britain, '04, i: 99, 202;

Kaiser's famous speech at Tangier on German policy, Mar., '05,

i: 99, 202;

European crisis on dispatch of German gunboat _Panther_

to Agadir, July, '11, i: 104, 203;

storm center of European diplomacy, i: 202;

Prince Lichnowsky's views on German policy, i: 204;

German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208.

Mort Homme, _see_

Dead Man's Hill;

Verdun.

Mortars, _see_ Artillery.

Morton, Maj.-Gen. Charles G.,

commands 29th Div., June, '18, v: 146;

takes command of sector on right bank of Meuse, Oct. 10, '18,

v: 246.

Moscow,

municipal elections annulled by reactionary Protopopov, '17,

vi: 143;

Conference called by Kerensky, '17, vi: 167;

meeting of Soviet Congress, Mar., '18, vi: 185.

Moselle River,

German attempt to enter France through valley of, '14, v: 199.

Mosley, Brig.-Gen. G. Van H.,

Chief of Co-ordination, G. H. Q., A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 102.

Motors, airplane, production in U. S., xii: 285;

Liberty, production figures, xii: 285.

Motor Transport Corps, U. S., _see_ U. S., Army.

Motor trucks, important function in Verdun defense,

iii: 50, viii: 289-291;

mobile ordnance repair shops, description and functions,

v: 350, v: 294-298;

armored cars, viii: 286;

Paris buses as war transports, viii: 286;

use as ambulances, viii: 287;

number in use by belligerents, Aug., '14, viii: 288;

number in use at front, June, '15, viii: 288;

number shipped to France from U. S., viii: 288, xii: 95, 286;

Liberty truck, development and description, viii: 291-294.

Mott, Dr. John R.,

General Secretary, Y. M. C. A. War Work Council, vii: 261.

_Mount Vernon_, U. S. transport torpedoed, Sept. 5, '17,

iv: 337.

_Mousquet_, French destroyer

sunk by _Emden_, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 181.

Mouzay, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 9, '18, v: 94, 272.

Mücke, Lieut. Hellmuth von,

account of exploits of German raider _Emden_,

iv: 167-187, 190-194.

Mudros, British advance base for Gallipoli campaign,

iii: 164, iv: 30.

Mühlon, Dr. William,

disclosures of German complicity in forcing War,

i: 133-136, 250-254.

Muir, Maj.-Gen. Charles H., commands 28th Div., May, '18, v: 128;

in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 220.

Mules, number shipped to France by U. S., xii: 95, 286.

Mülhausen, captured by French, Aug. 8, '14, iii: 16.

Müller, Capt. Karl von,

commander of German raider _Emden_, iv: 166.

Munich, murder of Kurt Eisner

and Spartacide uprising in, Feb., '19, vi: 298;

Spartacides establish Soviet, vi: 300;

Soviet overthrown by Noske, May, '19, vi: 301.

Münsterberg, Prof. Hugo, on "Russian Peril," vi: 250.

Murfin, Capt. O. G., in charge of U. S. Navy mine bases, iv: 325.

Murman Region,

Military Government of, established, July, '18, xii: 279;

area and population, xii: 279.

Murmansk, fighting between Allies and Bolsheviki at, vi: 187.

Murray, Gen., commands British troops defending Suez, iii: 191.

Mush, captured by Russians, Feb. 18, '16, i: 384, iii: 263;

evacuated by Russians, Aug. 8, '16, i: 386.

Mushi, captured by British, Mar. 13, '16, i: 384.

Mustard gas, use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 171-172, xi: 321;

use of "Sag Paste," as protection against, v: 324;

manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 186.

N

Namazieh Battery, at Gallipoli, iv: 45.

Namur, forts of, constructed, 1890, i: 143;

captured by Germans, Aug., '14, i: 375, iii: 14-15.

Nancy, German advance on, checked, Aug., '14, iii: 19;

important frontier fortress, v: 199, 215.

Nantillois, captured by 315th Inf., Sept. 28, '18, v: 228.

Napier, Rear-Adm. T. D. W.,

commander of British 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron at Jutland,

iv: 120.

Naples, bombed by German aviators, Mar. 11, '18, i: 395.

Napoleon, Fort, at Gallipoli,

bombarded by French battleship _Gaulois_, Mar. 2, '15, iv: 43.

Narew, Russian Army of the, invades East Prussia, iii: 111.

_Narodna Odbrana_, Serbian patriotic society,

accused of responsibility for murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand,

i: 112.

_Narodni Savetz_, Bulgarian patriotic organization, vi: 341.

Narrows, at Dardanelles,

defenses of bombarded by Allies, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45.

Narva, captured by Germans, Mar. 5, '18, i: 393.

Nasarie, taken by British, '15, iii: 181.

Nasmith, Lieut.-Com.,

captain of British submarine _E-11_ in Sea of Marmora,

iv: 210.

Nasrullah Khan, instigator of Habibullah Khan's assassination,

vi: 80.

National Allied Relief Committee, vii: 87;

_see also_ War relief.

National anthems, words and histories of, xi: 325-332.

National Council of Austrian Women, peace appeals, '17, vi: 314.

National Guard, U. S., federalized, Aug. 5, '17, i: 390;

_see also_ U. S., Army.

National Volunteers,

Irish organization enlisted to aid British, vi: 57.

National War Work Council,

of American Y. M. C. A., formation, vii: 262;

_see also_ Y. M. C. A.

Nationalism, problems of, i: 23;

development in Europe since 1648, i: 26;

factor in racial unification, v: _Intro. viii_;

growth during 19th century, v: _Intro. ix_;

_see also_ under name of country.

Nations of the world, political positions in 1871, i: 44-60.

Naumann, Friedrich,

author of _Mittel Europa_, statement of German war aims,

vi: 258;

views on trench frontiers, viii: 126.

_Nautilus_, submarine invented by Robert Fulton, 1800, iv: 202.

Naval Batteries, U. S., on Western Front, v: 306, viii: 42-45.

Naval power, influence on result of War, i: 13;

function as protector of supply routes, i: 15;

development as adjunct to colonization, i: 28.

Naval raids, German bombardment of English coast towns, iv: 244-246.

Naval stations, British, around the world, i: 15.

Navarino, battle of, 1827, i: 34.

Navies, _see_ under each country.

Navigation, freedom of, for Allies,

over German waterways, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 247-253;

Elbe, Oder, Niemen, and Danube internationalized

under Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

"Navy Hut," American "Y" center at Brest, vii: 302.

Nazareth, captured by British, Sept. 21, '18, iii: 198.

N-C Flying Boats, development and description, viii: 236-240;

_N-C-4_ first airplane to cross Atlantic, iv: 288, viii: 240.

Near East, European rivalries in, i: 38;

German policy, i: 80, 207, ii: 89;

_see also_

Balkans;

Germany, Foreign policy.

"Near victories," of the War, ii: 206.

_Nebraskan, S. S._, American steamer

attacked by German submarine, May 25, '15, i: 320.

Neibaur, Pvt. Thomas C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

_Nembo_, Italian destroyer,

battle with Austrian U-boat, Oct. 16, '16, iv: 369.

Nesle, occupied by French cavalry Mar., '17, iii: 68.

Netherlands, international position in '14, i: 61;

refuses to cede Dutch Flanders to Belgium, vi: 89;

strength of army, '14, vi: 375, 378;

maintains armed neutrality, vi: 375-377;

neutrality condemned by British press, vi: 376;

effect of submarine warfare on, vi: 377-378;

merchant marine seized by Allies, Mar., '18, vi: 378;

claims Scheldt and Maastricht area, '18, vi: 378;

generous host to Belgian refugees, vii: 168-175;

war-time increase in shipping, xii: 101.

"Netherlands Overseas Trust," vi: 377.

Neufchateau, training area for 26th and 42nd Divs., v: 6.

Neutrals, increase in shipping, xii: 100;

trade with Germany, xii: 100.

Neuve Chapelle, captured by British, Mar. 9--10, '15, i: 378, iii: 41;

faulty British generalship at, iii: 375.

Neuve Eglise, captured by British, Sept. 2, '18, i: 397.

Newbolt, Sir Henry,

account of Smith-Dorrien's battle at Le Cateau, Aug. 26, '14,

ii: 176-182.

New Guinea, German, captured by Australians, '14, vi: 38.

_New Mexico_, U. S. battleship,

propelled by electricity, iv: 322.

New Zealand, war casualties, iii: 404, 405;

strength of army, iii: 405;

area and population, vi: 37;

loyalty to Great Britain, vi: 46;

war cost, Aug., '14--Mar., '19, xii: 107, 114;

Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179.

_New Zealand_, British cruiser

in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv 241;

in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Niblack, Rear-Adm. Albert P., biography, ix: 295.

Nicaragua, delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Nicholas, Grand Duke, Commander-in-Chief of Russian armies, iii: 119;

removed as Commander-in-Chief and sent to Caucasus, Sept., '15,

iii: 140, 262;

biography, ix: 229-231.

Nicholas, King of Montenegro,

surrenders to Austrians, Feb., '16, vi: 359;

deposed, vi: 366.

Nicholas II, Czar of Russia,

takes personal command of army, Sept., '15, iii: 140, vi: 141;

influence of Rasputin over court, vi: 141;

issues undated order for dismissal of Duma, '17, vi: 144;

abdicates, Mar. 15, '17, vi: 156;

biography, ix: 374-376.

_Nicholson_ U. S. destroyer, captures German submarine, iv: 350.

Niemen, Russian Army of the, invades East Prussia, iii: 110.

Niemen River, internationalized by Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

Nietzsche, Friedrich,

German apostle of gospel of force, i: 67, ii: 2;

striking quotations from, i: 179-180.

Nieuport, captured by Germans, Oct. 24, '14, i: 376.

Nieuport scout planes, viii: 192.

Nightingale, Florence, pioneer army nurse, vii: 11.

_1914_, by Viscount French,

account of military operations of year, summary with extracts,

ii: 159-174.

Nish, captured by Bulgars, Nov. 5, '15, i: 382, iii: 158;

retaken by Allies, Oct. 13, '18, iii: 213.

Nish-Salonika Railroad, cut by Bulgarians, iii: 158.

Nitrogen, asphyxiating properties, viii: 166.

Nitti, Francesco S.,

Italian minister, opposes policy of aggrandizement, vi: 366.

Nivelle, Gen. Robert,

succeeds Joffre as French Commander-in-Chief,

ii: _Intro. xx_, iii: 62;

in supreme command of Allied forces on Western Front, '16, ii: 54;

plans campaign of '17, ii: 54;

defends Verdun, '16, iii: 54, 61, 310;

biography, ix: 167-168.

Nixon, Gen. Sir John,

commands British troops in Mesopotamia, iii: 182;

responsibility for Mesopotamian failure, iii: 364, 367.

"No Man's Land," definition, v: 17.

Nolan, Brig.-Gen. D. E.,

Chief of Intelligence (G-2), G. H. Q., A. E. F.,

Sept., '17, v: 101;

in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 221.

Nonsard, captured by 1st Div., Sept. 12, '18, v: 211.

Norman Compensating Foresight, use in range-finding, viii: 211.

North German Confederation, formation, i: 43, ii: 1.

North German Lloyd Line, tonnage and capital, i: 264.

North Pacific Islands, German, acquired by Japan, xii: 279;

area and population, xii: 279.

North Sea,

Allied mine barrage, iv: _Intro. xi_, 324-330, viii: 274;

problem of belligerents in, iv: 86, 91;

German naval raids, iv: 136.

_Northern Pacific, S. S._, speed record as transport, v: 358.

Norway, pro-Ally sympathies, vi: 394.

Noske, Gen., suppresses Berlin Spartacides, vi: 289;

overthrows Munich Soviet, vi: 300-301.

_Nottingham_, British cruiser sunk, Aug. 19, '16, i: 386;

in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Nouart, captured by 89th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 264.

Novo Georgievsk, Russian attack at, Oct., '14, iii: 126;

captured by Germans, Aug., '15, iii: 138.

Noyon, captured by French, Aug. 28, '18, i: 397, ii: 158;

occupied by French, March 18, '17, iii: 68;

_see also_ Montdidier-Noyon defensive.

Nugent, Gen., commander of 36th Ulster Div., iii: 377.

_Nur-el-Bahr_, British cruiser

sunk off Sollum, Nov. 6, '15, ii: 190.

_Nürnberg_, German cruiser in battle off Coronel, iv: 65;

sunk in battle of Falkland Islands, iv: 70, 74.

Nurses, U. S. Army Nurse Corps, vii: 203;

_see also_

Red Cross;

War relief.

O

_O Patria, O Rei, O Povo_, Portuguese national hymn, xi: 329.

Obrenovatz, captured by Austrians, Oct. 18, '15, i: 382.

O'Brien, Lieut. Pat, escape from German prison, x: 257.

Observation balloons, _see_ Aeronautics.

_Ocean_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31, 35, 48.

Oches, taken by 77th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.

Oder River, internationalized by Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

Odessa, importance as military base, iii: 161.

Ogons Wood, captured by A. E. F., Oct. 5, '18, v: 230, 237, 239.

_Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning_,

American soldiers' song, xi: 337.

O'Kelly, J. T., Irish representative to Peace Conference, vi: 65.

Okuma, Count, influence on Japanese foreign policy, vi: 384;

biography, ix: 87.

"Old Dutch Cleansers," nickname for 9.2-in. British howitzers,

v: 308.

Old Hickory (30th) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

O'Leary, Jeremiah, pro-German propagandist in U. S., x: 345.

O'Leary, Sgt. Michael, wins Victoria Cross, x: 71.

Oman, acquired by Allies, '13, xii: 279;

area and population, xii: 279.

Omsk, capital of All-Russian Government, vi: 191.

_Onslow_, British destroyer at battle of Jutland, iv: 121.

"Open Door" policy in China, i: 57;

_see also_ China.

Opium Convention, Jan. 23, '12,

put into force by Peace Treaty, xii: 232.

Opium War, against China, 1840, i: 38.

"Oppy Line," captured by British in Arras battle, iii: 72.

Optical glasses, for A. E. F., viii: 326.

Orange Free State,

becomes part of Union of South Africa, 1899, vi: 47;

opposition to Great Britain, vi: 50-52;

_see also_ South Africa, Union of.

Orders in Council,

British, establish blockade of Germany, i: 312, 318, ii: 16, 21;

_see also_ Germany, Blockade of.

Orientator, for testing aviators, viii: 356-358.

Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele,

Italian statesman, forms coalition cabinet, Oct., '17, vi: 129;

foreign policy, vi: 362, 366;

demands Fiume for Italy, vi: 368;

withdraws from Peace Conference on Fiume crisis, vi: 368;

biography, ix: 85-87.

Orly, U. S., aircraft factory at, v: 313.

Ornes, captured by Germans, '16, iii: 48.

Orphans, _see_ War relief.

Orsova, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 7, '16, i: 386, iii: 218;

evacuated by Rumanians, Nov. 24, '16, i: 389, iii: 222.

Orsova Railway, captured by Germans in Wallachian campaign, iii: 221.

O'Ryan, Maj.-Gen. John F., commander, 27th Div., v: 196, 281;

account of history of 27th Div., v: 281-300.

O'Shea, Corp. Thomas E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 393.

Ossowetz, besieged by Germans, iii: 118, 130;

captured, Aug., '15, iii: 138.

Ostend, seat of Belgian government moved to, Oct. 5, '14, i: 376;

occupied by Germans, Oct. 13, '14, i: 376, iii: 38;

raided by British May, '18, iv: 279;

evacuated by Germans, xi: 52.

Ostrovo, Lake,

Allied counter-attack against Bulgars at, Sept., '16, iii: 208.

_Otranto_, British auxiliary cruiser

in battle off Coronel, iv: 65.

Ourcq River,

crossed by 42nd Div. in pursuit of Germans, July, '18, v: 50, 187;

course and topography of region, v: 133;

A. E. F. fighting at, commended by Gen. Degoutte, v: 192.

_Over There_, American soldier song, xi: 336.

Over-There Theater League,

organization and activities, vii: 277, 339-342.

Ovillers, captured by Allies in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Oxygen, for gas victims, iii: 320.

Oxygen helmets as defense against poison gas, viii: 173.

P

Paderewski, Ignace Jan, returns to Poland as popular hero, vi: 220;

becomes Prime Minister, vi: 223;

defeated for presidency, vi: 225;

biography, ix: 95-98.

Paës, Dr. Sidonio,

President of Portugal, assassinated, Dec., '18, vi: 374.

Paget, Sir Ralph, Chairman,

International Sanitary Commission for Serbian typhus relief,

iii: 398.

Painlevé, Paul, succeeds Ribot as French premier, '17, vi: 105.

"Pal" regiments, British recruiting device, vi: 6.

Palestine, strategic importance, ii: _Intro. xviii, xxi_, 87-90;

conquered by Gen. Allenby,

ii: _Intro. xx_, 92-94, 218, iii: 192-200, 322-326;

capture of Gaza, Mar. 26--27, '17, ii: 92, iii: 192;

capture of Jerusalem, Dec. 11, '17,

ii: 92, iii: 193-196, 322-326 (description of Allenby's entry);

British and Turkish manpower, ii: 93, iii: 200;

destruction of Turkish army, Sept., '18, ii: 94, 218, iii: 198;

Damascus captured, Oct. 1, '18, iii: 199;

Aleppo captured, Oct. 25, '18, iii: 200;

bibliography, iii: 200;

disposition under secret treaties, '16--'17, vi: 334;

Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 322;

area and population, xii: 279.

Palmer, Frederick, comment on Marne fighting, July, '18, v: 158;

tribute to 1st Div., v: 234.

Pan-Germanism, _see_ Germany.

Pan-Slavism, aspirations, i: 244;

"Greater Serbia" propaganda, i: 244;

fight for control of Ukraine by Russia, vi: 241;

Russia aims at annexation of Ruthenia, '14, vi: 241;

Bulgaria's attitude toward, vi: 340;

_see also_ Slavs.

Panama, declares war on Germany, Apr, 7. '17, i: 389;

Peace Conference delegate, xii: 180.

Panama Canal, U. S. gains control of, i: 84.

Pannes, captured by 42nd Div., v: 211.

_Panther_, German gunboat sent to Agadir, July, '11,

i: 104, 203.

Paolucci, Dr.,

helps Lieut.-Col. Rossetti to sink Austrian warship

_Viribus Unitis_, x: 297-303.

Papacy, relation to Italian government, i: 61.

Papeete, bombarded by German fleet, Sept. 22, '14, iv: 62.

Papen, Capt. Franz von,

German Military Attaché in U. S., dismissed for unneutral conduct,

i: 276;

share in passport frauds, i: 314;

activities as arch-spy in U. S., x: 328-329.

Parachutes, use by military balloonists, viii: 260-263.

Parades, first American troops in Paris, July 4, '17, v: 107;

Allied troops on Bastille Day in Paris, July 14, '18, v: 147;

27th Div. in New York City, Mar. 25, '19, v: 299.

Parajd, captured by Rumanians, Oct. 5, '16, i: 388.

Paravane, protective device against submarine mine, iv: 313.

Paris, air raids on, Jan. 29--30, '16, i: 384;

Mar. 11, '18, i: 395;

German advance on, '14, ii: 6, iii: 28, vi: 97;

bombarded by long-range gun from St. Gobain Forest,

ii: 154, iii: 88, viii: 45-47;

welcome to Gen. Pershing, June 13, '17, v: 97;

German drive on, May 27--Aug. 6, '18, battles in Marne salient,

v: 129-139, 141, 147;

parade of Allies, July 14, '18, v: 147;

panic in, during German drive, '18, v: 378;

May Day rioting, May, '19, vi: 111.

Paris Conference, 1856, guarantees Turkish power in Europe, i: 39.

"Paris Group," organization of, Medical Department, A. E. F., v: 346.

Pasha Dagh, Australian objective in Gallipoli attack, iii: 170;

_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Pashitch, Nicholas, Premier of Serbia,

negotiations with Italy for settling Adriatic rivalry, vi: 362;

biography, ix: 120.

Passchendaele Ridge, captured by British, Oct.--Nov., '17, ii: 56, 79;

recaptured by Germans, Apr., '18, iii: 377.

Passenheim, Russians defeated at, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375, iii: 116.

Passport frauds, German activities in U. S., i: 314, x: 333.

Patriotic songs, xi: 332-335.

Patrol boats, work in combating submarines, iv: 292.

Patrolling, training A. E. F. in, v: 117.

Patrols, German system of, in the Vosges, v: 26.

Patterson, Miss Hannah J.,

awarded D. S. M. for work on Woman's Committee,

Council of National Defense, xii: 125.

Pau, Gen. Paul,

commands French forces invading Alsace, Aug. 14, '14, iii: 16.

Peace Conference, Paris,

U. S. delegates sail for, Dec. 4, '18, i: 400;

conciliatory attitude of Austrian delegates, vi: 321;

negotiation with Hungarian Soviet, Apr., '19, vi: 326;

Fiume crisis, vi: 366-370, xii: 159;

prestige of Japanese delegation, vi: 388;

dispute over Teschen district, vi: 400;

inside story of, by Thos. W. Lamont,

financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-163;

complexity of task, xii: 149;

rapidity of work, xii: 149;

open diplomacy, xii: 149;

Supreme Council, members and method of evolving Peace Treaty,

xii: 150-153;

"Big Four," xii: 150, 152;

"Big Three," xii: 150;

Conference procedure, xii: 156;

commissions, xii: 156;

delays, xii: 156;

language difficulties, xii: 157;

Reparations Commission, organization and work, xii: 158, 219-221;

Shantung controversy, xii: 160;

Germans excluded from negotiation, xii: 161;

Belgian demands, xii: 161;

signing of Peace Treaty with Germany, ceremonies, xii: 165-169;

list of delegates, xii: 179-182;

_see also_ Peace Treaty with Germany, Versailles, '19.

Peace moves, President Wilson asks belligerents

to state war aims, Dec. 18, '16, i: 335;

response to Wilson's note, i: 336;

Wilson's "Peace without victory" speech, i: 336;

Pope Benedict's appeal, Aug. 15, '17, i: 390, ix: 405;

Germany accepts Pope's offer, Sept. 21, '17, i: 390;

text of letter from Emperor Charles of Austria-Hungary

to Prince Sixtus making secret offer of peace, Mar., '17, ii: 63;

German attempts in '16 and '17 fail, ii: 270, 316, vi: 263;

German moves condemned by Ludendorff, ii: 303;

Kaiser orders proposals through Queen of Holland, ii: 331;

Russian Provisional Government urges Allies

to revise peace aims, May, '17, vi: 161;

German Socialists demand peace without annexations, '15, vi: 258;

Bethmann-Hollweg proposes peace of understanding, '16--'17, vi: 262;

German popular demand for

"peace without annexations or indemnities," vi: 266-268;

Emperor Charles forces offer by Teutonic allies, Dec. 12, '16,

vi: 313;

demonstrations in Sofia, vi: 346;

_see also_

Armistice;

and under each country.

Peace Treaty with Germany,

Versailles, '19, criticism by British liberal press, vi: 22;

terms presented to Germans, May 7, '19, vi: 302, xii: 161;

condemned by German press, vi: 302-304;

Germany consents to sign, June 22, '19, vi: 304, xii: 163;

how drafted, described by Thos. W. Lamont,

financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-161;

text, work of technicians, xii: 150;

French demands, xii: 153;

evolution of Covenant of League of Nations, xii: 155;

Belgian demands, xii: 161;

ceremonies of signing, xii: 165-169;

analysis by Geo. W. Wickersham, xii: 170-178;

signed June 28, '19, xii: 179;

text in full, xii: 179-263;

preamble, giving list of nations allied against Germany,

and their delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 179-182;

League of Nations, text of Covenant, xii: 182-185;

boundaries of Germany, xii: 186;

provisions concerning Luxemburg, xii: 189;

demolition of German fortifications, xii: 189, 205, 211, 214;

Sarre Basin settlement, xii: 189-194;

Alsace-Lorraine, provisions for return to France, xii: 194-197;

Germany acknowledges independence of Austria, xii: 197;

provisions for independence of Czechoslovak State, xii: 197;

independence and boundaries of Poland, xii: 198-200;

plebiscite for East Prussia, xii: 200;

provisions concerning Memel, xii: 203;

Danzig made free city, xii: 203;

plebiscite provisions for Schleswig, xii: 204;

Heligoland, destruction of fortifications on, xii: 205;

provisions concerning Russo-German relations, xii: 205;

Brest-Litovsk Treaties abrogated, xii: 205;

German colonies surrendered to Allies, xii: 206;

German rights in China surrendered, xii: 206;

German rights in Siam surrendered, xii: 208;

German rights in Liberia surrendered, xii: 208;

German rights in Morocco surrendered, xii: 208;

German rights in Egypt surrendered, xii: 208;

Shantung (Kiau-Chau) transferred to Japan, xii: 209;

reduction of German army and military equipment,

xii: 209, 210, 211, 212;

universal military service abolished in Germany, xii: 211;

new German army, table of organization for, xii: 212;

German navy, surrender and reduction, xii: 212-214;

German wireless stations, regulation by Allies, xii: 214;

German military air service abolished, xii: 214;

existing German air service surrendered to Allies, xii: 215;

Interallied Commissions of Control

to supervise execution of military terms, xii: 215;

repatriation of prisoners of war, xii: 216;

war graves, care of, xii: 217;

punishment of Germans guilty of war crimes, xii: 217;

reparation terms imposed on Germany, xii: 217-225;

Reparation Commission, formation and functions, xii: 219-221;

shipping, restitution for Allied shipping sunk, xii: 222;

reconstruction, German obligations, xii: 223;

coal, German deliveries to France, Belgium, Italy, xii: 224;

dyestuffs, German deliveries to Allies, xii: 224;

submarine cables, German, surrendered to Allies, xii: 225;

trophies of war, return of, to France by Germany, xii: 225;

Koran of Caliph Othman,

return of, by Germany to King of Hedjaz, xii: 225;

Sultan Mkwawa,

skull of, return by Germany to Great Britain, xii: 225;

Louvain, University of,

restoration by Germany of books destroyed, xii: 225;

art objects,

carried by Germans from Belgium, restoration of, xii: 225;

gold, restriction on German export of, xii: 226;

Armies of Occupation,

Allied, in Germany, expense to be borne by Germany, xii: 226;

ceded territories, share in German national debt, xii: 226;

Alsace-Lorraine,

exempt from share in German national debt, xii: 226;

Poland, share in German national debt, xii: 227;

international concessions,

surrender by Germany of rights in, xii: 228;

gold, deliveries of, by Germany to Allies, xii: 228;

customs duties, regulations imposed on Germany, xii: 229;

privileges for Allied shipping to be granted by Germany, xii: 230;

trade competition, Germany to suppress unfair methods, xii: 230;

Allied nationals, treatment of, by Germany, xii: 230;

pre-War treaties between Allies and Germany revived, xii: 231;

treaties among Teutonic allies abrogated, xii: 232;

treaties between Germany and Russia abrogated, xii: 232;

treaties between Germany and Rumania abrogated, xii: 232;

Opium Convention, Jan, 23, '12, put into force, xii: 232;

debts, between German and Allied nationals,

methods of payment, xii: 232-236;

property rights of Allied nationals confiscated by Germany,

methods of restitution, xii: 236-240;

contracts, between German and Allied nationals,

status and methods of discharge, xii: 240-243;

Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, establishment and functions, xii: 243;

literary rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246;

artistic rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246;

industrial rights, provisions for re-establishment of,

xii: 244-246;

ceded territories, social insurance funds of,

to be transferred to Allies by Germany, xii: 246;

aerial navigation, rules for, xii: 246;

freedom of transit,

for Allied goods and nationals through Germany, xii: 247, 253;

ports, Allied, discrimination against,

by Germany forbidden, xii: 247;

navigation, Allied, over German waterways, xii: 247-253;

Elbe, internationalized, xii: 248;

Oder, internationalized, xii: 248;

Niemen, internationalized, xii: 248;

Danube, internationalized, xii: 248;

Rhine, international control and rules for navigation,

xii: 250-253;

use of northern German ports by Czechoslovak State, xii: 253;

German railways, provisions relating to, xii: 253;

Kiel Canal, rules of navigation through, xii: 255;

labor, international organization for improving conditions of,

xii: 255-261;

guarantees for execution, exacted from Germany, xii: 261;

Armies of Occupation, conditions for withdrawal, xii: 261;

Savoy, neutralized zone of, provisions concerning, xii: 262;

German Christian missions, continuity guaranteed, xii: 263;

prize courts, provision concerning decisions of, xii: 263;

signed, June 28, '19, xii: 264;

ratified by Germany, July 10, '19, xii: 264;

ratified by Great Britain, July 25--31, '19, xii: 264;

ratified by King of Italy, Oct. 7, '19, xii: 264;

ratified by France, Oct. 13, '19, xii: 264;

ratified by Japan, Oct. 27, '19, xii: 264;

U. S. Senate opposition to, xii: 264-278;

Fall amendments to, defeated in U. S. Senate, Oct. 2, '19,

xii: 264;

original Lodge reservations defeated in U. S. Senate, Nov. 19, '19,

xii: 265-266;

original Lodge reservations, text, xii: 265;

defeated in U. S. Senate for second time, Mar. 19, '20,

xii: 266-269;

Pres. Wilson's opinion on Lodge reservations, xii: 267;

revised Lodge reservations, text, xii: 269;

efforts of Congress to declare peace

by joint resolution in substitution for, xii: 271-278;

Knox Resolution, xii: 273, 277;

President Wilson's message vetoing Knox Resolution, xii: 278.

Pearce, Padraic,

Provisional President of Irish Republic, vi: 60, ix: 53.

Peck, Pvt. Archie A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.

Penang harbor, attacked by _Emden_, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 178.

People's Relief Committee, for Jewish relief, formation, vii: 354.

Pepper Hill, at Verdun,

attacked by Germans, Apr. 18, '16, iii: 52, 304.

Periscope, description, viii: 165, xi: 245.

Perkins, Pvt. Michael J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.

Permanent Blind Relief War Fund,

organization and activities, vii: 255-259.

Péronne, French objective in Somme battle, iii: 55;

captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.

Péronne-Ham sector, Allied drive on, Sept., '18, ii: 158.

Pershing, Gen. John J.,

offers A. E. F. to Foch, Mar. 28, '18, v: 30, 120, 380, ix: 153;

sails for Europe, May, '17, v: 97;

reception in England, June, '17, v: 97;

reception in France, June, '17, v: 97;

reasons for selection of American Army zone, '18, v: 110;

farewell speech to 1st Div., Chaumont-en-Vixen, Apr., '18, v: 121;

urges attack with A. E. F., July, '18, v: 158;

extract from report on Aisne-Marne Offensive, July, '18, v: 182;

assumes tactical command of American forces in battle area,

v: 192, 384, ix: 205;

extract from report on St. Mihiel attack, v: 212;

starts Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 213;

extract from report on preparation for Meuse-Argonne attack,

v: 218;

divides A. E. F. combat units into two Armies, Oct. 9, '18,

v: 246, 390;

personal message to each soldier in A. E. F., v: 353;

official report on A. E. F., v: 373-404;

appeal to War Dept. for troops, Dec., '17, v: 373;

insists on independent American Army in France, v: 385;

Alsatian ancestry, ix: 166;

origin of name, ix: 166;

biography, ix: 199-210.

Pershing Stadium, vii: 313.

Persia, divided into "spheres of influence"

by Anglo-Russian agreement, '07, i: 104, vi: 335;

sympathy with Turkey, vi: 330;

pro-German sentiment, vi: 336-337;

Great Britain in control, '19, vi: 338.

_Persia, S. S._, British merchantman

sunk in Mediterranean, Dec. 30, '15, i: 384;

eye-witness account, iv: 224.

Peru, dispute with Chile over Tacna-Arica district, vi: 390;

delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe,

defender of Verdun, ii: 189, iii: 50, 54, 304, xi: 22;

eulogy of, by Gen. Malleterre, ii: 220;

biography, ix: 164-166.

Peter I, King of Serbia,

accompanies his nation in retreat, iii: 281, 284;

reënters Belgrade, Dec. 15, '14, iii: 397;

foreign policy, vi: 355;

biography, ix. 398-399.

Petrograd, food shortage in, vi: 141;

workmen's delegates on War Industrial Committee arrested, vi: 143;

during the Revolution, vi: 144-153.

Petroseny, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386.

Peuvillers, captured by 128th Inf. Regt., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

Peyton, Maj.-Gen., British commander in western Egypt, iii: 191.

Pflanzer, Gen. von, Austrian commander in Bukovina, iii: 132.

Philippines, acquired by U. S., i: 56.

Phillipeville, bombarded by _Goeben_, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 14.

Phonotelemeter, description of, viii: 20.

Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride),

use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 168-170;

manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 184.

Photography in war, work of U. S. Signal Corps, v: 319;

use in artillery range-finding, viii: 14;

value of aerial photography, viii: 226, 331;

types of aerial cameras, viii: 228, 332-334;

De Ram automatic camera for aerial photography, viii: 228, 333;

work of U. S. aerial photographers, viii: 228, 235;

personnel of Photographic Section, U. S. Air Service, viii: 234;

future, viii: 234;

making pictorial history of War, viii: 329-331;

production of photographic supplies by U. S., viii: 355;

mobile developing laboratories, viii: 335;

_see also_ Aerial photography.

Piave River,

Italian stand at, after Caporetto rout, ii: 58, 250, iii: 248.

Picardy Front, German choice for final drive, '18, ii: 69;

advantages of, for German offensive, '18, ii: 69.

Pichon, Stephen, French Foreign Minister,

speech before Chamber of Deputies

on secret Entente agreements of '16--'17, vi: 334.

Pigeons, war uses, v: 239, 319, viii: 328.

Pike, Lieut.-Col. Emory J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor,

x: 400.

Pill-boxes, description, iii: 79, viii: 130;

battle tactics in use of, viii: 130-133.

Pilsudski, Gen. Joseph, leads Polish troops against Russia, vi: 202;

jailed by Germans, vi: 214;

assumes dictatorship of Poland, vi: 219;

dictatorship not recognized by Allies, vi: 222;

Minister of Foreign Affairs in Paderewski cabinet, vi: 223;

becomes president of Polish Republic, vi: 225;

biography, ix: 92-95.

Pirot, occupied by Bulgars, Oct. 28, '15, i: 382.

Pistols, Schwarzlose automatic pistol, mechanism, viii: 90;

use as military weapon, viii: 116-117.

"Place in the sun," speech by Kaiser, '01, i: 95;

definition of phrase, ii: 27;

German control of Balkans as means of attaining, ii: 27.

Plava, captured by Italians June 10, '15, i: 380, iii: 244.

_Players, The_, poem by Francis Bickley, ix: 290.

Pleinchamps Farm, captured by 28th Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 239.

Ploechti, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.

Plumer, Gen. Sir Herbert, commander of British Second Army, ii: 214;

a great military chief, iii: 375;

offensive in Flanders, Sept., '18, v: 213.

Plunkett, Rear-Adm. Chas. P.,

commander of U. S. Naval Railway Batteries on Western Front,

v: 306, viii: 45.

Plunkett, Sir Horace,

Irish leader, chairman of Irish Convention, '18, vi: 62.

Plymouth, England, U. S. subchaser base, iv: 359.

Poincaré, Raymond, President of French Republic, biography,

ix: 14-19;

bibliography, ix: 19.

_Points d'Appui_, definition, v: 13.

Pola, Italian naval raid on, Nov. 2, '16, iv: 369;

Italians sink Austrian dreadnought at, May 14, '18, iv: 372;

Austrian dreadnought _Viribus Unitis_ blown up

by Italians at, Nov. 1, '18, x: 297-303.

Poland, topography, iii: 106-108;

German invasion of, and unsuccessful attacks on Warsaw,

Sept., '14--Feb., '15, iii: 116-118, 124-127, 128-132;

Austrian invasion of, iii: 118-120;

conquered by Austro-German forces, July--Sept., '15,

iii: 137-141, vi: 311;

battle of the Salients, July, '15, iii: 138;

Warsaw captured by Germans, Aug. 4, '15, iii: 138;

civilian deaths due to war-time privation, iii: 406;

early history and pre-War condition, vi: 201;

Russian promise of autonomy, '14, vi: 201;

Austrian Poles support Central Powers, vi: 202;

Poles under Pilsudski fight against Russia, vi: 202;

war-time destitution in, vi: 204-210;

German reforms in, vi: 208;

German policy, vi: 210-213;

Germany promises reëstablishment of Polish Kingdom, Nov. 5, '16,

vi: 210;

Germany demands Polish troops, vi: 213;

freed by Russian Revolution, vi: 213;

Germany sets up Regency, vi: 214;

denied representation at Brest-Litovsk by Germany, vi: 214;

revolt against Teuton domination, '18, vi: 216;

capture of Lemberg from Ruthenians, Nov. 5, '18, vi: 217;

proclamation of Republic, vi: 218-219;

Pilsudski becomes dictator, Nov., '18, vi: 219;

Germans expelled, Dec., '18, vi: 220;

political struggle between classes, vi: 220;

Conservatives support Paderewski, vi: 220;

Warsaw Revolt against Pilsudski fails, vi: 220-222;

war against Bolsheviki, vi: 222-224;

war with Ukraine over Cholm, vi: 222, 248;

dispute with Czechs over Teschen, vi: 222, 400;

compromise cabinet of Paderewski and Pilsudski, Feb. 9, '19,

vi: 223;

Provisional Government recognized by Allies, Feb., '19, vi: 225;

Pilsudski elected President, vi: 225;

claims for Danzig, vi: 225;

Peace Treaty provisions for independence and boundaries of,

vi: 226, xii: 18-200;

American war relief for Jews in, vii: 356-358, 360-363, 375;

value of property loss, xii: 26;

Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;

share in German national debt, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 227;

area and population, xii: 279.

Political parties, _see_ under countries.

_Pommern_, German battleship

torpedoed by British submarine _E-9_, July 2, '15, iv: 208.

Pont-à-Mousson, on Toul-St. Mihiel sector, v: 65, 116, 119.

Pontoons, viii: 299-300.

_Pontoporros_, auxiliary to German raider _Emden_, iv: 172.

Pope, _see_ Benedict XV.

Pope, Corp. Thomas A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397;

Poperinghe line,

British-American line of defense in Flanders, v: 287, 289.

Population, decrease in births due to War, iii: 406;

effects of War on, xii: 25.

Port Arthur, seized by Russia from China, i: 20;

acquired by Japan, i: 20;

11-in. siege guns first used by Japanese at, viii: 34.

Ports, French, selected for A. E. F. use, '18, v: 110;

Allied, Peace Treaty provisions against discrimination by Germany,

xii: 247.

Portugal, international position in '14, i: 62;

rout of army before German offensive, Apr., '18,

ii: 153, iii: 91, vi: 374;

war casualties, iii: 404, v: 364;

prisoners of war, iii: 404;

internal strife, vi: 372-375;

enters War as British ally, vi: 373;

President Paës assassinated, Dec. '18, vi: 374;

Royalist uprising suppressed, '19, vi: 375;

money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;

Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180.

Posen, revolt of Polish population against Germany, vi: 225;

awarded to Poland by Peace Conference, vi: 226.

Potash, German boycott of U. S., xii: 98.

Potatoes, world production by countries, xii: 47;

as food, xii: 47;

German system of drying and crushing, xii: 47.

Potsdam Conference of German war leaders, July 5, '14, i: 136;

decision for war, i: 249.

Potts, Pvt. Frederick, wins Victoria Cross at Gallipoli, x: 138.

Powder, _see_ Ammunition.

Power plants, built by A. E. F. Engineer Corps, v: 333.

Pozières, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Prague,

meeting of Czechoslovak representatives at, Apr. 2, '18, vi: 398.

Prauthory, Haute-Marne, headquarters, 32nd Div., Feb., '18, v: 119.

_President Lincoln_, U. S. transport

sunk, May 31, '18, i: 395, iv: 337;

eye-witness account, iv: 340.

Press:

Austria-Hungary, _Tageblatt_ demands war, '14, vi: 306;

Hungarian journals support war, vi: 307;

_Pester Lloyd_ for war, '14, vi: 308;

_Oesterreichische Rundschau_ attacks Italy, '15, vi: 310;

_Vossische Zeitung_ on strikes, Jan., '18, vi: 314;

_Arbeiter Zeitung_, radical organ, vi: 315;

_Arbeiter Zeitung_ on peace terms, vi: 322;

_Has Haroda_ on Czech loyalty, '14, vi: 396.

Bulgaria, statement against Russia by _Kambana_, June, '15,

vi: 342.

Germany, _Militärische Rundschau_ advocates immediate war, '14,

vi: 249;

Socialist organ _Vorwärts_ supports Kaiser, vi: 249;

_Liller Kriegszeitung_ preaches hate of England, vi: 252;

optimistic attitude of _Frankfurter Zeitung_, Nov., '14,

vi: 253;

Maximilian Harden ridicules in _Zukunft_ talk

of German starvation, vi: 254;

alarm over prospects of starvation, '15, vi: 255;

submarine warfare urged, vi: 256, 265;

on German successes, '15, vi: 258;

_Vorwärts_ demands statement of peace aims, vi: 258;

_Frankfurter Zeitung_ on seriousness

of Allied blockade, '15--'16, vi: 261;

_Vorwärts_ on food shortage, vi: 261;

demand war to finish, '17, vi: 264;

gospel of hate against England, vi: 264-265;

_Taglische Rundschau_

on German demoralization, Dec., '18, vi: 284;

_Vorwärts_ on industrial unrest, Dec., '18, vi: 286;

comments on Ebert as President, vi: 293;

on peace terms, vi: 302-304;

Maximilian Harden on peace terms, vi: 303.

Great Britain, condemns Dutch neutrality, vi: 376.

Italy, _Corriere della Sera_ and _Secolo_

advocate conciliation with Jugoslavs, vi: 362.

Serbia, expressions of hatred for Austria-Hungary

by _Politika_, _Mali Journal_, _Balkan_, _Zastava_, vi: 356;

_Samouprava_ denounces Italian treaty, '15, vi: 361.

Turkey, _Ikdam_ for war, vi: 330;

_Tanine_ on Dardanelles expedition vi: 330;

_Hillal_ acclaims victory, '15, vi: 331.

United States, attitude on U. S. neutrality, i: 308;

on _Lusitania_ sinking, i: 319;

on _Arabic_ torpedoing, i: 322;

on German indemnity, xii: 24.

Pressel, Dr. Wilhelm von,

builds first spur of Bagdad railway, 1871, ii: 291.

Pressure gauges, on airplanes, viii: 220.

"Preventive arrests,"

for suppressing pacifist agitation in Germany, vi: 262.

Prices,

analysis of, by Prof. Irving Fisher, xii: _Intro. vii-xvii_;

high cost of living as result of War, xii: _Intro. vii_, 143;

index numbers, xii: _Intro. vii_;

rise in U. S., '13--'19, xii: _Intro. vii-viii_;

influence of unsecured paper money on, xii: _Intro. viii_;

chart of price movements in U. S. and England since 1780,

xii: _Intro. viii_;

before and after great wars of history, xii: _Intro. ix_;

percent. rise in warring countries, xii: _Intro. x_;

present high level not due to scarcity, xii: _Intro. x_;

inflation as cause of high prices, xii: _Intro. xii_, 27;

countries arranged in order of high prices,

xii: _Intro. xii-xiii_;

extent of currency inflation, xii: _Intro. xiii_;

high cost of living as breeder of Bolshevism,

xii: _Intro. xiii-xiv_;

purchasing power of wages, '13--'18, xii: _Intro. xiv_;

remedies for high cost of living, xii: _Intro. xiv-xv_;

standardized dollar as remedy for fluctuation in,

xii: _Intro. xv_;

effect of wars on, xii: 27;

reduced production as cause of high prices, xii: 27, 38-40;

"fair price" lists, xii: 54;

rise in U. S., '14--'18, xii: 56-59;

present, compared with Civil War days, xii: 57, 75;

effects of government control in Great Britain, xii: 59;

government control in U. S., xii: 59;

_see also_ Cost of living, under name of country.

Prilep, captured by Bulgars, Nov. 17, '15, i: 382;

occupied by Allies, Sept. 26, '18, i: 397.

Primers, composition and explosive properties, viii: 6.

_Prince George_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Prince, Norman, member Lafayette Escadrille, death, iii: 391.

Princes' Island, conference of Russian factions at, fails, vi: 188.

_Princess Royal_, British cruiser, in Battle of Jutland, iv: 108;

in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

_Principles of War_, treatise by Marshal Foch,

ii: 80, 104, ix: 152.

_Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, German raider,

puts into Hampton Roads for repairs, Mar. 10, '15, i: 378;

interned by U. S., Apr. 7, '15, i: 378.

Priority system, among U. S. industries during War, xii: 73-75.

Pripet marshes, Russian offensive against Austria, June, '16, ii: 42;

description, iii: 108.

Prisoners of war, classified by countries, iii: 404;

work of Swiss Red Cross for, vi: 380;

work of American Y. M. C. A. for, vii: 302-310;

Crown Princess of Sweden's work for, vii: 308;

Peace Treaty provisions for repatriation of, xii: 216.

Austria-Hungary, captured by Serbs, description of, iii: 395;

humane treatment by Serbs, iii: 400;

total lost in War, iii: 404.

French, diary describing life in German prison, iii: 300;

total lost in War, iii: 404.

German, captured in Somme battle, iii: 60;

in battle of Cambrai, iii: 82;

in St. Mihiel drive, iii: 99, v: 71, 207;

during Allied drive, July--Nov., '18, iii: 103;

total in War, iii: 404;

at Cantigny, v: 33;

taken by A. E. F. in Marne salient, July, '18, v: 56;

first capture by A. E. F., v: 113;

clothed by U. S. Salvage Service, v: 331;

captured in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 394;

total captured by A. E. F., xii: 288.

Russian, sufferings of, in German prison camp, iii: 300;

total lost in War, iii: 404.

Turkish, captured by British in Palestine campaign,

ii: 94, iii: 199;

total lost in War, iii: 404.

United States, first captured by Germans, iii: 84;

total lost in War, iii: 404;

work of American Red Cross for, vii: 37-39, 71.

_See also_

under battle or campaign;

countries.

Prize courts, Peace Treaty provision for decisions of, xii: 263.

Profiteering, xii: 55;

U. S. meat-packers' profits before and during War, xii: 56.

Prohibition, U. S. war-time act passed, July 7, '17, i: 390;

Russian government forbids sale of vodka, iii: 265, vi: 135;

voluntary abstention urged in England by Lloyd George, '14, vi: 2-3;

use of vodka substitutes in Russia, vi: 138;

imposed by Bela Kun's government in Hungary, vi: 325.

Propaganda, _see_

Allies;

Germany.

Property rights, of Allied nationals confiscated by Germany,

Peace Treaty provisions for restitution of, xii: 236-240.

Protopopoff, Russian Minister of Interior,

in German employ, ii: 59, vi: 143;

causes Rumanian entry into War for German interest, ii: 59;

gains power at court through Rasputin, vi: 143;

reactionary policy, vi: 143;

surrenders to Duma during Revolution, March, '17, vi: 153.

_Provence II_, French cruiser

sunk by U-boat, Feb. 26, '16, iv: 376.

Pruitt, Corp. John H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 390.

Prussia, war with Denmark, 1864, i: _Intro. vii_, 41;

autocratic form of government, i: 29;

assumes leadership of German states under Bismarck, i: 40;

population in 1860, i: 40;

Seven Weeks' War against Austria, 1866, i: 41;

representation in Imperial Bundesrat, ii: 71;

traditional policy of force, i: 150;

controlling share in government of German Empire, i: 156;

King of, powers as German Emperor, i: 156;

relations with Great Britain, stages in evolution of, i: 168;

Prussianization of Germany, i: 258;

plan of imperial development, ii: 1;

_see also_ Germany.

Przasnyz, captured by Germans, Feb. 24, '15, i: 378, iii: 131;

recaptured by Russians, Feb. 27, '15, i: 378.

Przemysl, invested by Russians, Sept. 16, '14, i: 376, iii: 123-124;

Russians forced to raise siege, Oct. 12, '14, i: 376, iii: 125;

reinvested by Russians, Nov. 12, '14, i: 376, iii: 127, xi: 16;

captured by Russians, Mar. 22--23, '15,

i: 378, iii: 134, 292-293, xi: 16;

number of Austrians surrendering, i: 378, iii: 134, 293;

recaptured by Austro-German forces, June 1--2, '15,

i: 380, ii: 234, iii: 136.

Pskov, captured by Germans, Feb. 24, '18, i: 393.

Psychological tests, for gauging intelligence of army recruits,

vii: 216, viii: 349-351.

Psycho-physiological tests,

for determining fitness of recruits for specific duties,

viii: 351-356.

Putnik, Field-Marshal, Commander-in-Chief of Serbian army, iii: 150.

Pys, evacuated by Germans, Feb. 24, '17, iii: 64.

Q

"Q" ships, British decoys for U-boats, iv: 296.

Quebec, not enthusiastic for War, vi: 26;

failure of recruiting among French-Canadians, vi: 30;

move for secession from Dominion, vi: 33, 36;

Draft Boards defeat conscription by blanket exemptions, vi: 36;

draft riots, vi: 36;

_see also_ Canada.

_Queen_, British battleship at Dardanelles, iv: 33.

_Queen Elizabeth_,

British dreadnought at Dardanelles, ii: _Intro. xv_, iv: 31.

_Queen Mary_, British cruiser blown up at Jutland, iv: 110, 258;

in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Queenstown, Ireland,

base for U. S. destroyer and subchaser detachment, iv: 357.

Quennemont Farm, strong point on Hindenburg Line, v: 290.

Quien, Gaston, betrayer of Edith Cavell, x: 352.

Quinn, Jim, citation for D. S. C., July 18, '18, v: 171.

R

_R-34_, British dirigible, crosses Atlantic, viii: 245;

similarity to Zeppelin, viii: 254.

Races, European rivalries, i: 21.

Rada, Central Council of Ukraine,

formed after Russian revolution, vi: 243.

Radio, _see_ Wireless.

Radoslavov, Vassil, Bulgarian Premier,

heads patriotic organization, _Narodni Savetz_, vi: 341;

statement of Bulgarian war demands, vi: 341;

German sympathies, vi: 343;

resigns, June 17, '18, vi: 346.

Raemakers, Louis, Dutch cartoonist of the War, ix: 190.

Rafa, Turks defeated by British at, Jan., '17, iii: 192.

Raids, _see_

Air raids;

Naval raids.

Raikes, Lieut.-Com. Robert H. T.,

commander of British submarine _E-54_,

battle with German U-boats, iv: 212.

Railroads, German ambition for Calais-Persia route, ii: 2;

Russian military, iii: 105;

Petrograd-Berlin, iii: 111;

Transylvanian, cut by Rumanians, iii: 218;

Orsova, taken by Germans in Wallachian campaign, iii: 221;

Cernavoda-Constanza, captured by Teuton allies, Oct., '16, iii, 221;

in Trentino, iii: 230;

in Isonzo sector, iii: 239;

in Uganda, iii: 255;

in Transcaucasia, iii: 260;

number of troop trains needed to move a U. S. division, v: 20;

French, available for A. E. F. use, v: 110;

St. Mihiel-Metz, cut, Sept. 12, '18, v: 206;

German lines of communication in occupied territory, v: 215;

Mézières-Sedan, key to German lines of communication

on Western Front, v: 216, 387;

built by Engineer Corps, A. E. F., in France,

v: 333, 334, 403, xii: 283;

equipment sent to France from U. S., v: 403, xii: 95, 286;

war functions, viii: 283;

collapse of Russian system, under war stress, viii: 283;

work of German railroads during War, viii: 283-285;

narrow-gauge, at the front, viii: 302;

_see also_ Bagdad Railway.

Railway Artillery Reserve, U. S., formation, v: 305;

units composing, v: 305;

engagements on Western Front, v: 306-308;

_see also_ U. S. Army, Artillery.

Rainbow (42nd) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

Rambucourt, on Toul sector, v: 116.

Ramscappelle, German success at, Oct. 30, '14, iii: 40.

_Ramsey_, British patrol boat,

sunk by German auxiliary cruiser _Meteor_, iv, 197.

Ramsgate, bombarded by German destroyers, Nov. 25, '16, i: 389.

Range-finder, telescopic, structure and use of, viii: 9.

Range-finding, _see_

Artillery;

Hydrophones;

Microphone;

Phonotelemeter.

Rapallo Conference, iii: 84.

Rappes, Bois des, captured by 3rd Div., Oct., '18, v: 85.

Rasputin, Gregory, influence over Czarina and Russian court, vi: 141;

assassinated, '16, vi: 141;

influence places Protopopov in power, vi: 143;

biography, ix: 345-347.

Ravaruska, Russian success in battle of, Sept. 4--10, '14, iii: 122;

captured by Austro-German forces, June 20, '15, iii: 136.

Rawlinson, Gen., commander of British Fourth Army, ii: 214, iii: 371.

Raynal, Major, defender of Fort Vaux, iii: 55, 313.

Read, Maj.-Gen. George W., commander, 30th Div., June, '18, v: 146;

commands 2nd Corps, v: 290, 382, 394;

biography, ix: 223-224.

Read, Lieut.-Com.,

pilots _N-C-4_, first airplane across Atlantic, viii: 240.

Rebais, Germans beaten back at, in first Marne battle, iii: 32.

Reconstruction of devastated war areas,

German obligations under Peace Treaty, xii: 223.

Reconstruction of disabled,

American help for vocational training of French disabled,

vii: 79, 92-95;

program of European belligerents, vii: 175;

in U. S. Army, vii: 175-186, 210-216, 222, 233-239;

importance of first aid, vii: 178;

treatment of shell-shock, vii: 179;

percent. of injured returned to service, vii: 180;

system of vocational training for U. S. service men,

vii: 180-182, 210-216, 236-239;

educational personnel for training of U. S. service men,

vii: 180, 185;

care of blinded U. S. service men, vii: 182, 213;

correcting speech defects in U. S. military hospitals,

vii: 182, 213;

work of U. S. dental officers, vii: 210;

in civilian industries, vii: 240-245;

mechanical treatments for injured limbs, viii: 381-384;

artificial arms for war cripples, viii: 384-388;

artificial legs for war cripples, viii: 388-390;

remaking shell-torn faces, viii: 390;

artificial eyes for war blind, viii: 391;

_see also_

Medical science;

Surgery.

Recouly, Raymond, account of first Marne battle, ii: 182-186;

account of Verdun battle, ii: 186-189.

Recreation, for service men, _see_

Entertainment;

Sports.

Recruiting, _see_ under country.

Red Army, in Russia, organized by Trotzky, vi: 185;

in Munich, raised by Munich Soviet, vi: 300;

in Hungary, under Communist Government, vi: 326.

Red Cross:

American, relief work in Italy, ii: 250, vii: 42, 82;

Henry P. Davison, Chairman of War Council, vii: 1;

war-time activities, summary, vii: 1;

amount of contributions to, vii: 1;

increase in membership, vii: 1;

personnel in France, vii: 1;

Clara Barton, mother of, vii: 12;

peace time activities, vii: 14;

war organization, vii: 15-27;

raising war funds, vii: 15-27;

total relief expenditures, vii: 27;

range of activities, vii: 29;

location of base hospitals, vii: 30;

location of ambulance companies, vii: 30-31;

sanitary service, vii: 31-32;

nursing personnel, vii: 33;

canteen service, vii: 33, 42, 47-49, 54, 57;

auxiliary activities for service men's comfort, vii: 34;

recruiting services of nation's womanhood, vii: 34;

home service work, vii: 35;

services abroad, vii: 35-40;

hospital work in France, vii: 37, 45;

work for American prisoners in Germany, vii: 37-39, 71;

relief activities in England, vii: 40, 45;

with the Navy, vii: 41;

relief work among belligerents during U. S. neutrality,

vii: 43-46;

hospital work in Germany, vii: 45;

hospital work in Austria-Hungary, vii: 45;

relief for Serbia, vii: 45, 84;

stories of overseas service with fighting men, vii: 47-72;

work for wounded, vii: 49-54, 56, 60-64;

ambulance service at the front, vii: 49-51;

tales of wounded, vii: 51-54;

hotels for service men in Paris, vii: 54;

supplying delicacies to wounded, vii: 56;

huts, vii: 59;

entertainment, vii: 60;

as bureau of information, vii: 62-64;

helping doughboys shop in France, vii: 64;

department store for overseas service men, vii: 66;

production of surgical dressings, vii: 67;

production of nitrous oxide, vii: 68;

baths and laundries behind the lines, vii: 70;

Children's Bureau, activities for welfare of child war sufferers,

vii: 72, 76-79, xi: 85-90;

relief among Allied civilians, vii: 73-85;

relief among French refugees, vii: 73;

fight against tuberculosis in France, vii: 75;

education of French disabled, vii: 79;

relief for Belgian refugees, vii: 82;

relief in Rumania, vii: 84;

work in Palestine, vii: 84;

Institute for the Blind, vii: 259;

letters of appreciation from refugee children, xi: 60;

Junior American Red Cross, activities, xi: 90-93;

help by Boy Scouts, xi: 108;

letter from "Chinese citizen boy," xi: 179.

International, in Switzerland, vi: 380;

World League of, vii: 3;

history of development, vii: 4-14;

Florence Nightingale, first field nurse, vii: 11;

U. S. becomes member, vii: 14.

_Red Cross Nurse_, poem by Edith Thomas, vii: 279.

"Red Monday," during Russian Revolution, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 150.

"Red Week," rioting during, in Italy, June, '14, vi: 114.

"Reds," _see_ Bolshevism.

Reeves, Col. Ira L.,

military superintendent, A. E. F. University at Beaune, vii: 283.

Refrigerating plants, constructed by A. E. F. in France, v: 403.

Refugees, _see_ War relief.

Regan, 2nd Lieut. Patrick, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Reichstag, German, limitations as legislative body, i: 71;

composition and powers, i: 156.

Reims (Rheims), abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375;

re-occupied by French, Sept. 15, '14, i: 376;

Cathedral bombarded by Germans, iii: 74, vi: 97;

attacked by Crown Prince, June, '18, iii: 95;

description of surrounding country, v: 43;

gateway between Germany and France, v: 215.

_Reiter's Morganlied_, German air, xi: 335.

Relief, _see_ War relief.

Religion, diversity of, obstacle to world federation, i: 25;

work of Y. M. C. A. with troops overseas, vii: 283-285.

Remington self-loading rifle, description, viii: 89;

_see also_ Rifles.

Remonville, location, v: 217;

captured by 89th Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 262.

Remounts, construction of depots for, by A. E. F., v: 333;

procuring of, for A. E. F., v: 399.

Renault tank, description, viii: 156;

_see also_ Tanks.

Rennenkampf, Gen.,

commander of Russian forces invading East Prussia, '14,

ii: 24, 227, iii: 110;

driven out of East Prussia by Hindenburg, ii: 25, 229, iii: 116;

Ludendorff's account of retreat, ii: 355;

_see also_

East Prussia;

Tannenberg, battle of.

Renner, Dr., becomes Austrian Chancellor, '19, vi: 319;

Bolshevik uprising against, vi: 321;

conciliatory attitude at Peace Conference, vi: 321.

Renwick, George, description of Munich under Red Terror, vi: 301.

Repair shops, U. S. Ordnance, in France, v: 350.

Reparation, by Germany, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 217-225.

Reparation Commission, formation and functions, xii: 158, 219-221.

Repatriés, returned French exiles, xi: 75.

Repington, Colonel,

military correspondent of _London Times_,

exposes British shell shortage, May, '15, ii: 174.

Replacement system, plan for A. E. F., '17, v: 102, 399.

Respirators, number issued by U. S. Army, v: 324;

utility as defense against poison gas, viii: 174-178;

_see also_ Chemical warfare.

Responsibility for the War, _see_ Germany,

Responsibility for War.

Retreats, famous examples of, in history, iii: 280.

_Return, The_, poem by John Freeman, ix: 331.

Reval, seized by Germans, Feb. 24, '18, i: 393.

Reventlow, Count Ernst Zu,

condemnation of democratic rule in Germany, vi: 284.

Reville, taken by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.

Revolver, use as military weapon, viii: 117.

Reynolds, Col. C. R., Chief Surgeon, Second Army, v: 346.

Rheims, _see_ Reims.

Rhine River, French strategy in regard to, ii: 8;

German fortifications on, Peace Treaty provisions concerning,

xii: 189;

Peace Treaty provisions for international control and navigation,

xii: 250-253.

Ribot, Alexandre, succeeds Briand as French Premier, '17, vi: 103.

Rice, Brig.-Gen. John H., Chief Ordnance Officer, A. E. F., v: 350.

Richthofen, Capt. Baron Manfred Freiherr von,

career as aviator, x: 253-255.

Rickenbacker, Capt. Eddie, career as aviator, x: 259-264.

Rieka, Slav name of Fiume, vi: 365.

Rifles,

type used by A. E. F., description and reasons for adoption,

v: 347, viii: 96, 102-105;

U. S. production figures, v: 347, xii: 284;

types, viii: 84, 88-105;

Browning automatic, viii: 84;

automatic, difference from machine-gun, viii: 88;

importance of rapid fire, viii: 88;

self-loading, compared with machine-gun, viii: 88;

principal self-loading types, viii: 89-91;

Remington, viii: 89;

Sjorgen, viii: 89;

Winchester, viii: 89;

rifle fire and artillery compared, viii: 92;

range of military rifle, viii: 92;

"danger zone" in rifle fire, viii: 93;

advantages of sharp-nosed bullet, viii: 93;

comparison to gas engine, viii: 94;

British service rifles, description, viii: 95;

Lee type, viii: 95;

Enfield-M type, viii: 95;

French service rifle, description, viii: 95;

German Mauser, description, viii: 95;

sighting devices, viii: 96-102;

definition of "bore," viii: 111;

definition and purpose of "rifling," viii: 111.

Rifle lights, viii: 75.

"Rifling" of gun, definition and purpose, viii: 111-112.

Riga, occupied by Germans, Sept. 3, '17, i: 390, iii: 147, iv: 136.

Riga, Gulf of, description, iv: 136-137;

German naval operations in, '15--'17, iv: 137-138;

battle of, and capture of dominating islands by Germans,

Oct. 12--18, '17, iv: 137-138.

Rintelen, Capt. Franz von, German agent in U. S., i: 315.

Ritchings, Lieut.-Col. Arthur,

rise from constable to lieutenant-colonel, x: 378.

_River Clyde_, British transport at Gallipoli, iii: 168, iv: 39.

Riviera, A. E. F. leave area, Y. M. C. A. work in, vii: 269.

Rizzo, Commander Luigi,

sinks Austrian battleships in motor-boat attack, iv: 370;

sinks Austrian battleships, _Wien_ and _Monarch_,

in Trieste harbor, x: 290.

_Road to France, The_, poem by Daniel M. Henderson, vi: 131.

Roads, construction by A. E. F. in France, v: 334, 403.

Robb, 1st Lieut. George S., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 402.

Robeck, Vice-Adm. de,

succeeds Vice-Adm. Carden in command

of Allied fleet at Gallipoli, iv: 32.

Roberts, Lieut. E. M., record as aviator, x: 249-252.

Roberts, Corp. Harold W.,

American tank driver, wins Congressional Medal of Honor,

x: 402, xi: 386.

Robertson, Gen. Sir William,

appointed British Chief of General Staff, ii: _Intro. xviii_;

biography, ix: 184-186.

Rockenbach, Brig.-Gen. Samuel D., commander U. S. Tank Corps, v: 314.

Rockwell, Kiffin,

member of Lafayette Escadrille, killed in Vosges, iii: 391.

Rodman, Admiral, biography, ix: 293-295.

Rodzianko, Michael V., President of Russian Duma, vi: 150.

Rogers, Maj.-Gen. H. L., Chief Quartermaster of A. E. F., v: 332.

Rohrbach, Paul, German publicist, on Anglo-German rivalry, vi: 251.

Romagne, captured by 32nd Div., Oct. 14, '18. v: 250.

Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, American cemetery at, v: 403.

Romani, Turks defeated by British at, Aug., '16, iii: 192.

Romanoffs, _see_

Nicholas II;

Russia, Royal family.

Romorantin, U. S., aircraft plant at, v: 313.

Ronchères, captured by 3rd Div., July 28, '18, v: 188.

Roosevelt, Capt. Archie, war record, x: 238.

Roosevelt, Capt. Kermit, war record, x: 241.

Roosevelt, Lieut. Quentin, record as aviator, x: 241-249;

killed in air fight, x: 245-249.

Roosevelt, Theodore, fight against "big business," i: 293;

against U. S. neutrality, i: 299;

temperament contrasted with that of Pres. Wilson, i: 299;

probable course of action if President during War, i: 302;

pro-German sentiments in '14, i: 309;

statement on _Lusitania_ sinking, i: 320;

statement on universal military training, Nov., '15, i: 326;

attacks Pres. Wilson's note asking

belligerents for statement of war aims, i: 337.

Roosevelt, Lieut.-Col. Theodore, Jr.,

commands 26th Inf. at Cantigny, May 28, '18, v: 126;

at Sedan, Nov. 7, '18, v: 269;

war record, x: 241.

Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, Jr., "Y" worker in Bordeaux, vii: 267;

in charge of Aix-les-Bains leave area, vii: 269.

Root-Takahira agreement, '08, i: 57.

Rosenwald, Julius, member,

Advisory Commission of U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 116.

Rossetti, Lieut.-Col. R.,

sinks Austrian warship _Viribus Unitis_ in Pola harbor,

x: 297-303.

Rosyth, advance base for British battle cruisers, iv: 91, 94;

meeting place for arranging surrender of German fleet, iv: 384.

Roulers, German base in France, ii: 86.

Rowlatt, Justice, author of "Black Cobra Bill" of India, '18, vi: 78.

Royal Air Force, British, _see_ Great Britain, Air Service.

_Royal Edward_, British transport sunk, Aug. 13, '15, i: 381.

Royal families, _see_ country.

Roye, captured by Allies, Aug. 27, '18, i: 397, ii: 157.

Rozyshche, captured by Russians, June, '16, iii: 144.

Rue, training area for 27th Div., '18, v: 286.

Ruggles orientator, for testing aviators, viii: 356-358.

Ruhleben, German prison camp, American "Y" work at, vii: 303.

_Rule Britannia_, British patriotic song, xi: 333.

Rumania, gains independence from Turkey, i: 92;

intervention in Second Balkan War, '13, i: 206;

declares war on Austria-Hungary, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386;

Germany declares war on, Aug. 28, '16, i: 386;

Turkey declares war on, Aug. 29, '16, i: 386;

Bulgaria declares war on, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386;

reasons for entry into War, ii: 59, iii: 214, vi: 348-349;

betrayed by Russia, ii: 59, iii: 221, vi: 349;

natural resources, ii: 59;

invades Transylvania, ii: 60, iii: 217, vi: 313, xi: 28;

conquered by Teuton forces under Mackensen and Falkenhayn,

ii: 60, iii: 218-224, vi: 349, xi: 29;

topography, iii, 214;

failure of Allied support, iii: 214;

army, training and equipment, iii: 215;

strategy of campaigns, iii: 216;

Bucharest captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222;

government moved to Jassy, Nov., '16, iii: 223, vi: 349;

prisoners of war, iii: 404;

total casualties, iii: 404, vi: 353, xii: 289;

civilian deaths from disease and famine, iii: 405;

attacks Hungarian republic, '19, vi: 326;

race problems, vi: 348;

policy of neutrality, vi: 348;

secret treaty with Allies as war price, iii: 349;

suffering under Teuton invasion, vi: 349, 353;

struggle with Russian Bolsheviki in Bessarabia, vi: 350-352;

signs peace treaty with Central Powers, May 7, '17, vi: 352;

peace terms imposed by Germany, vi: 352;

conditions after armistice, Nov., '18, vi: 353;

royal family, ix: 399-402;

debt to U. S., xii: 18;

money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;

value of property loss, xii: 26;

war cost, Aug., '16--Oct., '18, xii: 107;

rise in national debt, xii: 114;

Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;

former treaties with Germany abrogated by Treaty of Versailles,

xii: 232;

area, '19, xii: 279;

population, '19, xii: 279.

_Rumania_, poem by George Edward Woodberry, vi: 347.

Rumanian National Hymn, xi: 329.

Rumanian Relief Committee of America, vii: 109.

Rumeli Medjidieh Battery, Fort at Gallipoli, iv: 45;

bombarded by Allied fleet, iv: 45.

Rupel, Greek fortress, seized by Bulgars, May, '16, iii: 207.

_Rupert Brooke_, poem by Moray Dalton, vii: 285.

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, army commands, iii: 10, 61.

Ruroede, Carl, leader in German passport frauds in U. S., x: 333.

Russell, Bertrand, British philosopher,

dismissed from Cambridge University

for supporting conscientious objectors, vi: 8;

on effects of War, vi: 11.

_Russell_, British battleship

sunk in Mediterranean, Apr. 27, '16, i: 385.

Russia:

Army, mobilization, July 31, '14, i: 375, iii: 264;

German estimate of effectiveness, ii: 4;

man-power available, ii: 27;

lack of resources to equip manpower, ii: 27-28;

shortage of ammunition, ii: 231, iii: 264;

machine-gun equipment, ii: 232;

artillery equipment deficient, ii: 232;

collapse of, ii: 340 (Ludendorff on),

iii: 146, 267-270 (Gen. Denikin's report), v: 113, vi: 157, 164;

organization and strength, iii: 104;

weaknesses, iii: 105;

Czar takes personal command, Sept. 8, '16, iii: 140;

leading commanders pledge support to Republican Government,

Mar., '17, iii: 145;

vice in, iii: 267;

causes of demoralization, iii: 268;

balloting substituted for fighting, iii: 268;

desertions, iii: 269, vi: 157, 164;

Bolshevist propaganda in, iii: 269, vi: 157, 164;

Cossack cavalry, strength, vi: 146;

fraternization with enemy, vi: 157, 161;

Kerensky abolishes death penalty, vi: 157;

Red Army raised by Trotzky, vi: 185;

for military operations, _see_

Russian Front;

battle or campaign.

Casualties, total in War, iii: 404;

civilian deaths from disease and famine, iii: 406;

money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;

battle deaths, xii: 288.

Coal, production, '13--'17, xii: 48.

Cost of living, percent. rise during War, xii: _Intro. x._

Declarations of war, pledge of aid to Serbia against Austria,

July 27, '14, i: 114;

by Germany against, Aug. 1, '14, i: 115, 139, 375;

by Austria against, Aug. 6, '14, i: 375;

on Bulgaria by, Oct. 19, '15, i: 382;

on Turkey by, Oct. 30, '14, i: 376;

reception by populace, iii: 264, vi: 134-135;

ultimatum to Bulgaria, Oct. 4, '15, vi: 343.

Food, shortage, vi: 141, 144, 145;

potato crop, xii: 47.

Foreign policy, Asiatic expansion, i: 20;

seizure of Port Arthur from China, i: 20;

gains freedom of action in Black Sea, 1871, i: 47;

world position in '14, i: 62;

ambitions in Near East checked by Congress of Berlin, i: 93;

German influence, i: 95, 240;

Entente Cordiale with France, 1891, i: 98;

member of Triple Entente, i: 98, 103, 106;

settlement of Persian question with Great Britain, '07, i: 104;

Franco-Russian treaty of July, '12, i: 107;

Balkan policy, i: 114;

pledge of aid to Serbia against Austria, July 27, '14, i: 114;

negotiations in attempt to prevent the War, i: 126-129;

hatred of Germany, i: 242;

German view of, i: 242;

betrayal of Rumania by German agents in Government,

ii: 59, iii: 221, vi: 349;

imperialistic ambitions, vi: 132;

treachery of Government exposed by Milyukov, Nov., '16, vi: 142;

secret treaties made public by Trotzky, vi: 183;

Soviet Government makes peace with Germany, vi: 183-185;

relations of Soviet with Allies, vi: 187-188;

hostility to Ukrainian nationalistic aspirations, vi: 241;

treaty with Japan, '16, vi: 386;

for relations with Finland, _see_ Finland.

Industries, inadequate for war needs, ii: 27-28;

hampered by lack of port facilities, iii: 161;

chaotic condition during War, xii: 82.

Internal politics, war enthusiasm, Aug., '14, iii: 264, vi: 134-135;

prohibition of vodka, iii: 265, vi: 135;

revolutionary outbreaks before War, vi: 132-134;

Socialists oppose War, vi: 134;

attack of Duma on War Office for inefficiency, Aug., '15, vi: 136;

Minister of War Sukhomlinov arrested and disgraced, vi: 136;

request for new ministry refused by Czar, '15, vi: 136;

Duma dissolved, Sept., '15, vi: 136;

peace sentiment, '15, vi: 138;

Lenin advocates defeat of Russia, vi: 140;

Stürmer succeeds Goremykin as Prime Minister, vi: 140;

Duma reconvenes, Feb. 22, '16, vi: 140;

attack of Socialist Cheidze on Government, vi: 140;

influence of Rasputin at Court, vi: 141;

Rasputin murdered, vi: 141;

Stürmer becomes Foreign Minister, July, '16, vi: 142;

Stürmer dismissed under accusations of corruption and treachery,

vi: 142;

repressive policy of Protopopov, Minister of Interior, '17,

vi: 143;

Golytsin succeeds to Premiership, '17, vi: 143;

threats of revolt in Duma, Feb., '17, vi: 144;

Revolution starts in Petrograd, Mar., '17, vi: 145;

Duma disobeys Czar's order of dismissal, Mar., '17, vi: 146;

leaders and policies at start of Revolution, vi: 148;

revolutionary scenes in Petrograd, Mar. 11--15, '17, vi: 148-156;

Czar disregards appeals for liberal ministry, vi: 150, 151;

Red Monday, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 150-153;

arrest of ministers of old régime, vi: 153;

reform _vs._ revolution, Mar., '17, vi: 153-157;

Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates formed, Mar. 12, '17,

vi: 155;

Provisional Government under Prince Lvov formed by Duma,

Mar. 14, '17, vi: 155;

Czar abdicates, Mar. 15, '17, vi: 156;

struggle between Provisional Government and Soviet on war policy,

vi: 158-160;

fall of Liberal ministry and formation of coalition cabinet,

vi: 160;

peasant societies, vi: 160;

statement of policy by coalition Government, vi: 161;

Bolshevist uprising suppressed, July, '17, vi: 161-165;

Kerensky becomes virtual dictator, vi: 165;

rivalry between Kerensky and Kornilov for power, vi: 167-171;

Moscow Conference, vi: 167;

Kornilov rebellion fails, vi: 169;

Kerensky declares Russia a Republic, Sept. 15, '17, vi: 171;

Bolshevist revolution overthrows Kerensky, Nov., '17, vi: 171-181;

Lenin becomes President of Council of People's Commissaries,

vi: 181;

Trotzky becomes Commissary of Foreign Affairs, vi: 181;

Bolshevist program, vi: 181;

opposition of middle classes to Bolshevik rule, vi: 181;

Constituent Assembly dissolved by Bolsheviki, Jan., '18, vi: 185;

Congress of Soviets substituted for Constituent Assembly, vi: 185;

reign of terror under Bolshevist régime, vi: 187.

Navy, Black Sea fleet bombards Bosphorus forts, iv: 49;

strength of Black Sea fleet, iv: 50;

development, iv: 364;

strength of Baltic fleet, iv: 364;

war record, iv: 364-366;

part in Revolution, iv: 366, vi: 164.

Peace negotiations,

Brest-Litovsk Treaty ends war with Central Powers, Mar., '18,

ii: 63, 273, vi: 183;

armistice with Germany signed, Dec. 6, '17, v: 113;

movement for peace by radicals and conservatives, '15, vi: 138;

Soviet demands immediate Socialist peace conference, vi: 161;

nature of Bolshevik peace propaganda, vi: 171-175;

Versailles Treaty, provisions on, Russo-German relations,

xii: 205;

treaties with Germany abrogated by Versailles Treaty, xii: 232.

Prisoners of war, iii: 404.

Railroads, military, iii: 105;

Petrograd-Berlin line, iii: 111;

importance of Warsaw as junction, iii: 138;

Brest-Litovsk line, military importance, iii: 138;

collapse under war stress, viii: 283.

Royal family, xi: 145-149;

_see also_ Nicholas II.

War cost, currency inflation by Bolsheviki, xii: _Intro. xiii_;

financial position at start of War, xii: 1;

loans floated in U. S., Aug., '14--Jan., '17, xii: 2;

debt to U. S., xii: 18;

money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;

value of property loss, xii: 26;

average daily cost, xii: 106;

total cost, Aug., '14--Oct., '17, xii: 107;

taxation, xii: 109;

loans, xii: 113;

rise in national debt, xii: 113, 114.

Russian Front,

German analysis of strength and strategic importance,

Aug., '14, ii: 12-16;

strategic plans of Russia and Central Powers,

ii: 22, 225 (Gen. Gourko's explanation), iii: 109-110;

Russian invasion of Galicia, '14--'15,

ii: 22-24, 26, iii: 118-124, 127, 132-134;

Lemberg captured by Russians, Sept. 3, '14, ii: 23, iii: 121;

operations in East Prussia, '14,

ii: 24, 227-229 (Gen. Gourko's account),

353-357 (Ludendorff's account), iii: 110-116;

battle of Tannenberg, Aug., '14, ii: 24, iii: 112-116;

campaigns in Poland,

ii: 25, 26, 229, 361-365 (Ludendorff's account),

iii: 116-120, 124-127, 128-132, 137-141;

Przemysl, siege and capture by Russians,

ii: 26, iii: 123, 125, 127, 134, 292, xi: 16;

successful Teuton counter-offensive in Galicia under Mackensen,

May, '15, ii: 26, 233, 360 (Ludendorff's account),

iii: 135-137, 294-296, vi: 258, 311;

Warsaw, German attacks on and capture,

ii: 26, iii: 128-130, 131, 138;

Brusiloff's offensive in Galicia, '16, ii: 42-44, 235, iii: 141-145;

Russian collapse, '17,

ii: 54, 340 (Ludendorff on),

iii: 146, 267-270 (Gen. Denikin's report), v: 113, vi: 157, 164;

campaigns in Caucasus and Armenia,

ii: 91-92, iii: 260-263, vi: 331, xi: 29;

capture of Erzerum, Feb. 16, '16, ii: 91, iii: 262-263;

effect of invasion of East Prussia on first Marne battle, ii: 227;

reasons for weakness of Russian fortresses, ii: 230;

Przemysl recaptured by Teuton forces, June 1--2, '15,

ii: 234, iii: 136;

Lemberg recaptured by Austrians, June 22, '15, ii: 234, iii: 137;

topography, iii: 106-109;

last Russian offensive in Galicia, July, '17, iii: 146;

battle experiences on, iii: 316;

activities of A. E. F. against Bolsheviki, v: 394, vi: 187, 193;

description of Russian trenches, viii: 123;

_see also_

East Prussia;

Galicia;

Mazurian Lakes;

Poland.

Russky, Gen., commander of Russian forces invading Galicia, iii: 119.

Ruthenians, clash with Poles for control of eastern Galicia,

vi: 217, 248;

cultural freedom under Austrian rule, vi: 241;

attempts at forced Russification during Russian occupation

of Galicia, vi: 243.

Ryan, Michael J., Irish-American delegate to Peace Conference vi: 66.

S

Saarbrücken, British air raid on, Oct. 25, '17, i: 392.

Saarburg, occupied by French, Aug. 17, '14, i: 375.

"Sacred Egoism," Italian foreign policy of, vi: 120.

"Sacred Way, The," highway to Verdun, iii: 50.

Sag paste, developed by U. S. Chemical Warfare Service

as protection against mustard gas, v: 324.