CLEANLINESS AND UNCLEANLINESS--ASCETICISM IN GENERAL
Man naturally feeling some aversion to filth, p. 346.--Savages
who are praised for their cleanliness, pp. 346-348.--Savages who
are clean in certain respects but dirty in others, p. 348.
--Savages who are described as generally filthy in their
habits, p. 348 _sq._--Various circumstances which may account for
the prevalence of cleanly or dirty habits among a certain people,
pp. 349-351.--The moral valuation of cleanliness, p. 351
_sq._--Cleanliness practised and enjoined from religious or
superstitious motives, pp. 352-354.--In other instances religious
or superstitious beliefs have led to uncleanliness, pp. 354-356.
--Uncleanliness as a form of asceticism, p. 355 _sq._--Ascetic
practices, p. 356 _sq._--The idea underlying religious asceticism
derived from several different sources, pp. 357-363.--Certain
ascetic practices originally performed for another purpose,
p. 358 _sq._--An ascetic practice may be the survival of an earlier
sacrifice, p. 359.--Ascetic practices due to the idea of expiation,
pp. 359-361.--Self-mortification intended to excite divine
compassion, p. 361.--Suffering voluntarily endured with a view to
preventing the commission of sin, pp. 361-363.--The gratification
of earthly desires deemed sinful or disapproved of, _ibid._
{xiii} CHAPTER XL
MARRIAGE
Definition of the term "marriage," p. 364.--The horror of incest
well-nigh universal in the human race, pp. 364-366.--The
prohibited degrees as a rule more numerous among peoples
unaffected by modern civilisation than in more advanced
communities, p. 366.--The violation of the prohibitory rules
regarded by savages as a most heinous crime, p. 366 _sq._--The
horror of incest among nations that have passed beyond savagery
and barbarism, p. 367 _sq._--Attempt to explain the prohibition
of marriage between near kin, pp. 368-371.--Refutation of various
objections raised against the author's theory, pp. 371-378.--
Incestuous unions stigmatised by religion, p. 375 _sq._--Endogamous
rules of various kinds, pp. 378-382.--Marriage by capture, p. 382.
--Marriage by purchase, pp. 382-384.--The disappearance of marriage
by purchase, p. 384 _sq._--The morning gift, p. 385.--The marriage
portion, p. 385 _sq._--The form of marriage influenced by the
numerical proportion between the sexes, p. 387 _sq._--Polyandry,
p. 387.--Group marriage of the Toda type, _ibid._--The causes of
polygyny, pp. 387-389.--Of monogamy, p. 389. Polygyny less prevalent
at the lowest stages of civilisation than at somewhat higher stages,
pp. 389-391.--Civilisation in its higher forms leads to monogamy,
p. 391.--The moral valuation of the various forms of marriage,
p. 392.--The assumed prevalence of group marriage in Australia,
pp. 392-396.--The duration of marriage and the laws of divorce,
pp. 396-398.