THE MOUNTAINS OF CORSICA
BY GEORGE FINCH
[Sidenote: Season.]
The best time of the year for climbing in Corsica is the spring.
The weather is fine during the months of April, May, June and July;
but in the latter half of June and in July the midday heat is often
oppressive. This is seldom the case in April or May. During these two
months the melting snows ensure a supply of water, which is often
deficient in the hot summer months. In April, also, the snowline
is still very low; from the mountaineer’s point of view this is an
advantage, as the approach to the climbs often lies over long slopes
covered with dense undergrowth, known as ‘maquis,’ and most troublesome
for walking when not snow-covered. As early as towards the end of March
the steeper rocks are already sufficiently free from snow for climbing,
while the snow on the gentler slopes remains to facilitate the crossing
of the ‘maquis.’
Another point in favour of an early season is the greater clearness of
the atmosphere. In March and April of 1909 from every summit we had a
clear view of the Apennines and of the Maritime Alps even late in the
day. In the summer months mists rising from the Mediterranean partially
obscure the view shortly after sunrise.
[Sidenote: Equipment.]
A light tent and sleeping-bags should be taken, as the nights are
often cold. A primus oil-stove (petroleum used to be obtained almost
anywhere, but methylated spirits were difficult to procure), and tinned
milk, meats, vegetables, fruit and jam must all be imported, as they
are not procurable in Corsica. Such provisions are dutiable, but my
personal experience has been that the Customs are indulgent if informed
of the mountaineering object.
For porterage, mules can be procured. One mule will carry 250 lb., and
costs, together with the services of the mule-driver, according to the
locality, from four to eight francs a day.
Both driver and mule entertain a dislike to snow, and will shy at the
prospect of crossing even the most diminutive snow-patches. Otherwise
they will go almost anywhere. I have covered as much as 38 miles of
road, scrub and mountain-track in a day with one mule carrying rather
over 200 lb.
The character of the usual hotel accommodation in the interior will
be found to bias the climber in favour of camping out. He can thus
also move at once nearer to the base of his climbs. Wood for fires
is plentiful, and many streams provide trout-fishing (three to the
pound).[26]
The two most important mountain groups are those of the Rotondo and the
Cinto.
[Sidenote: Centres, Modes of Access, and Topography.]
The garrison town of Corte will act as a centre to both these
districts. It is reached by a four hours’ rail journey from either
Bastia or Ajaccio.
A steamship service connects Bastia with Leghorn three times a week
(five hours’ crossing). Fairly frequent services likewise connect
Ajaccio with Nice (twelve hours) and with Marseilles (sixteen hours).
The approach to Corsica by all three routes is magnificent, especially
that of Nice to Ajaccio. It is well worth while to make this crossing
by a day service.
From Corte a good camping centre at the head of the Restonica valley,
in the heart of the Rotondo group, can be reached in four hours
(mule-track most of the way).
The true centre of the Cinto group is Calacuccia. This village can
be reached from Corte in six hours, walking over the Col de la
Rinella; but there is no mule-track. The view from this Col embraces
practically the whole Cinto group. An alternative route, advisable
when it is necessary to transport baggage, is from Corte to Francardo
(half an hour’s rail), and thence in three hours by carriage (postal
service, or hired conveyance, 15 francs) to Calacuccia. Convenient
camping centres in the Rodda, Erco, Viro and Golo valleys can thence be
reached in from three to five hours.
For the northern slopes of the Cinto group Asco is the best centre
(three hours by road from the railway station, Ponte Leggia). This
village also serves as a base for the magnificent chain of mountains
running eastwards from Monte Padro (2400 metres) to Monte Corona
(2143 metres), and thence in a southerly direction to Punta Minuta
(2547 metres) in the Cinto group. To the north of Monte Padro lies
the Tartagine valley, at the head of which is the Capo al Dente (2032
metres), one of the most sporting peaks in the island. A number of
unclimbed peaks close in the valley to the north. The approach to
the Tartagine valley is rather troublesome. From Palasca (on the
Bastia-Calvi railway line) via Mausoléo to the _maison forestière_, the
best centre, takes eight to ten hours by a good road.
Other groups offering good climbing and an abundance of ‘first
ascents’ and ‘new routes’ are the Monte d’Oro and Monte Renoso groups.
Vizzavona, the centre for both these ranges, boasts of good hotel
accommodation, and can be reached in three hours by rail from Ajaccio
and in one hour from Corte.
The above-mentioned mountain groups are those which will attract
the climber most of all. They offer almost endless possibilities
for first-rate climbing over both known and virgin ground. With the
exception of Monte Renosa, the main mountain groups lie to the east of
the Ajaccio-Bastia railway, and for this reason most climbers prefer to
approach the mountains from the east, from Corte, the half-way station
on the line. There is, however, little to choose between the eastern
and western slopes--both offer high-class climbing, and preference
might now well be given to the western slopes, as here much more
remains to be accomplished in the way of pioneer work. As a general
rule, camp centres for climbing on the western slopes of the d’Oro,
Rotondo, Cinto and Corona groups are best reached by crossing the main
chains from Corte. In these cases the mountaineer will have to act as
his own beast of burden unless the route be _entirely_ free from snow,
which is very unlikely in the spring.
There are a great number of mountain groups either of minor importance
or difficult of access (the Incudine, 2136 metres; Punta di Capella,
2044; etc.), but as a rule from the climbing point of view they are
of little interest. Mention should be made of the chain of hills,
attaining heights of over 1300 metres, which forms the backbone of the
promontory of Cap Corse. The main ridge can be traversed throughout
its length in one long day from Bastia, and the splendour of the views
down on to the Mediterranean and towards the ranges of the interior is
beyond all description.[27]
[Sidenote: Nature of the Climbing.]
There are no glaciers in Corsica, though in the Cinto and Rotondo
groups snow-patches occasionally survive the summer’s heat. Both these
groups show marked traces of glacier action. The ice work is limited
to cutting in ice-choked chimneys and to clearing rocks. Long, steep,
hard-frozen snow slopes necessitating a sustained use of the axe are
seldom encountered, and ice-claws may safely be dispensed with. On the
other hand, ski might prove to be of great value, as the return on foot
from a climb over the long slopes of soft snow lying on the ‘maquis’
is often very trying. Devotees of ski-ing will find plenty of splendid
ground, especially on the eastern and southern slopes of the Cinto
group.
The rock is sound, and handholds are only too abundant. As a general
rule, only those climbs are difficult which lead up over apparently
perpendicular rock walls or ridges, rocks which from the distance look
hopelessly impossible.
This deceptive appearance may account for the fact that until 1909 no
climb of exceptional difficulty was accomplished in the island. Paglia
Orba (2500 metres), the Matterhorn of Corsica and the most conspicuous
mountain of the Cinto group, may be taken as an instance.
The east wall was first climbed in the Spring of 1909. The final
1000 feet of this wall appear to overhang, and actually do so for
considerable sections of the ascent. The unique character of this climb
would alone justify a visit to the island. The possibilities of new
climbs--both new routes and first ascents--are still numerous. Nothing
need be declared impossible on the strength of an inspection from a
distance; the chances are that a route of the most hopeless appearance
will ‘go,’ and also provide the best of climbing.
The view from almost any summit embraces greater or lesser portions of
the sunny coast-line, which adds the charm of contrast to the alpine
surroundings.
FOOTNOTES:
[26] From the point of view of expense, the mountaineer will
find mountaineering in Corsica exceptionally cheap. Hotel prices
average five to six francs per diem, but the climber who spends most
of his time in tents will incur even this moderate expense only for
comparatively brief periods. The return fare to Ajaccio is about £8,
and, provided the climber imports his own stock of tinned provisions,
a further sum of £15 to £20 should be more than ample for a month’s
sojourn in the island, on a pre-war estimate.
[27] When one considers the proximity of the mountains to the
coast, their height (Monte Cinto, 2710 metres) is considerable; and
many magnificent walls of well over 2000 or even 3000 feet are to be
met with.
Joanne’s guide-book, _La Corse_ (Hachette et Cie, Paris), and
_Baedeker_, contain very full information as regards accommodation,
etc. _Baedeker_ supplies much useful information on the mountains
themselves. The best maps are those of the Corps d’État-Major, on a
scale of 1 to 80,000. They are somewhat unreliable, and the reverse of
clear. These and other maps are procurable at the stationers’ shops in
Ajaccio and Bastia.