#680. Action.—N. action, performance; doing, &c. v.; perpetration;

exercise, excitation; movement, operation, evolution, work; labor &c.

(exertion) 686; praxis, execution; procedure &c. (conduct) 692;

handicraft; business &c. 625; agency &c. (power at work) 170. deed,

act, overt act, stitch, touch, gest transaction[obs3], job, doings,

dealings, proceeding, measure, step, maneuver, bout, passage, move,

stroke, blow; coup, coup de main, coup d'etat[Fr]; tour de force &c.

(display) 882; feat, exploit; achievement &c. (completion) 729;

handiwork, workmanship; manufacture; stroke of policy &c. (plan) 626.

actor &c. (doer) 690. V. do, perform, execute; achieve &c. (complete)

729; transact, enact; commit, perpetrate, inflict; exercise, prosecute,

carry on, work, practice, play. employ oneself, ply one's task;

officiate, have in hand &c. (business) 625; labor &c. 686; be at work;

pursue a course; shape one's course &c. (conduct) 692. act, operate;

take action, take steps; strike a blow, lift a finger, stretch forth

one's hand; take in hand &c. (undertake) 676; put oneself in motion;

put in practice; carry into execution &c. (complete) 729; act upon. be

an actor &c. 690; take a part in, act a part in, play a part in,

perform a part in; participate in; have a hand in, have a finger in the

pie; have to do with; be a party to, be a participator in; bear a hand,

lend a hand; pull an oar, run in a race; mix oneself up with &c.

(meddle) 682. be in action; come into operation &c. (power at work)

170. Adj. doing &c. v.; acting; in action; in harness; on duty; in

operation &c. 170. Adv. in the act, in the midst of, in the thick of;

red-handed, in flagrante delicto[Lat]; while one's hand is in. Phr.

"action is eloquence" [Coriolanus]; actions speak louder than words;

actum aiunt ne agas [obs3][Lat][Terence]; "awake, arise, or be forever

fall'n" [Paradise Lost]; dii pia facta vident [Lat][Ovid]; faire sans

dire[Fr]; fare fac[It]; fronte capillata post est occasio calva[Lat];

"our deeds are sometimes better than our thoughts" [Bailey]; "the great

end of life is not knowledge but action" [Huxley]; "thought is the soul

of act" [R. Browning]; vivre-ce nest pas respirer c'est agir[Fr][obs3];

"we live in deeds not years" [Bailey].

#681. Inaction.—N. inaction, passiveness, abstinence from action;

noninterference, nonintervention; Fabian policy, conservative policy;

neglect &c. 460. inactivity &c. 683; rest &c. (repose) 687; quiescence

&c. 265; want of occupation, inoccupation[obs3]; idle hours, time

hanging on one's hands, dolce far niente[It]; sinecure, featherbed,

featherbedding, cushy job, no- show job; soft snap, soft thing. V. not

do, not act, not attempt; be inactive &c. 683; abstain from doing, do

nothing, hold, spare; not stir, not move, not lift a finger, not lift a

foot, not lift a peg; fold one's arms, fold one's hands; leave alone,

let alone; let be, let pass, let things take their course, let it have

its way, let well alone, let well enough alone; quieta non movere[Lat];

stare super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; rest and be thankful, live and

let live; lie rest upon one's oars; laisser aller[Fr], faire[Fr]; stand

aloof; refrain &c. (avoid) 623 keep oneself from doing; remit one's

efforts, relax one's efforts; desist &c. (relinquish) 624; stop &c.

(cease) 142; pause &c. (be quiet) 265. wait, lie in wait, bide one's

time, take time, tide it over. cool one's heels, kick one's heels;

while away the time, while away tedious hours; pass the time, fill up

the time, beguile the time; talk against time; let the grass grow under

one's feet; waste time &c. (inactive) 683. lie by, lie on the shelf,

lie in ordinary, lie idle, lie to, lie fallow; keep quiet, slug; have

nothing to do, whistle for want of thought. undo, do away with; take

down, take to pieces; destroy &c. 162. Adj. not doing &c. v.; not done

&c. v.; undone; passive; unoccupied, unemployed; out of employ, out of

work; fallow; desaeuvre[Fr]. Adv. re infecta[Lat], at a stand, les bras

croisis[Fr], with folded arms; with the hands in the pockets, with the

hands behind one's back; pour passer le temps[Fr]. Int. so let it be!

stop! &c. 142; hands off! Phr. cunctando restituit rem "If it ain't

broke don't fix it" [Lat][Bert Lance]; stare decisis [Latin: (Law) let

the decision stand].

#682. Activity.—N. activity; briskness, liveliness &c. adj.;

animation, life, vivacity, spirit, dash, energy; snap, vim. nimbleness,

agility; smartness, quickness &c. adj.; velocity, &c. 274; alacrity,

promptitude; despatch, dispatch; expedition; haste &c. 684; punctuality

&c. (early) 132. eagerness, zeal, ardor, perfervidum

aingenium[Lat][obs3], empressement[Fr], earnestness, intentness;

abandon; vigor &c. (physical energy) 171; devotion &c. (resolution)

604; exertion &c. 686. industry, assiduity; assiduousness &c. adj.;

sedulity; laboriousness; drudgery &c. (labor) 686; painstaking,

diligence; perseverance &c. 604a; indefatigation|; habits of business.

vigilance &c. 459; wakefulness; sleeplessness, restlessness; insomnia;

pervigilium[obs3], insomnium[obs3]; racketing. movement, bustle, stir,

fuss, ado, bother, pottering, fidget, fidgetiness; flurry &c. (haste)

684. officiousness; dabbling, meddling; interference, interposition,

intermeddling; tampering with, intrigue. press of business, no

sinecure, plenty to do, many irons in the fire, great doings, busy hum

of men, battle of life, thick of the action. housewife, busy bee; new

brooms; sharp fellow, sharp blade; devotee, enthusiast, zealot,

meddler, intermeddler, intriguer, busybody, pickthank[obs3]; hummer,

hustler, live man [U.S.], rustler * [U. S.]. V. be active &c. adj.;

busy oneself in; stir, stir about, stir one's stumps; bestir oneself,

rouse oneself; speed, hasten, peg away, lay about one, bustle, fuss;

raise up, kick up a dust; push; make a push, make a fuss, make a stir;

go ahead, push forward; fight one's way, elbow one's way; make progress

&c. 282; toll &c. (labor) 686; plod, persist &c. (persevere) 604a; keep

up the ball, keep the pot boiling. look sharp; have all one's eyes

about one &c. (vigilance) 459; rise, arouse oneself, hustle, get up

early, be about, keep moving, steal a march, kill two birds with one

stone; seize the opportunity &c. 134 lose no time, not lose a moment,

make the most of one's time, not suffer the grass to grow under one's

feet, improve the shining hour, make short work of; dash off; make

haste &c. 684; do one's best take pains &c. (exert oneself) 686; do

wonders, work wonders. have many irons in the fire, have one's hands

full, have much on one's hands; have other things to do, have other

fish to fry; be busy; not have a moment to spare, not have a moment

that one can call one's own. have one's fling, run the round of; go all

lengths, stick at nothing, run riot. outdo; overdo, overact, overlay,

overshoot the mark; make a toil of a pleasure. have a hand in &c. (act

in) 680; take an active part, put in one's oar, have a finger in the

pie, mix oneself up with, trouble, one's head about, intrigue; agitate.

tamper with, meddle, moil; intermeddle, interfere, interpose; obtrude;

poke one's nose in, thrust one's nose in. Adj. active, brisk, brisk as

a lark, brisk as a bee; lively, animated, vivacious; alive, alive and

kicking; frisky, spirited, stirring. nimble, nimble as a squirrel;

agile; light-footed, nimble-footed; featly[obs3], tripping. quick,

prompt, yare[obs3], instant, ready, alert, spry, sharp, smart; fast &c.

(swift) 274; quick as a lamplighter, expeditious; awake, broad awake;

go-ahead, live wide-awake &c. (intelligent) 498[U.S.]. forward, eager,

strenuous, zealous, enterprising, in earnest; resolute &c. 604.

industrious, assiduous, diligent, sedulous, notable, painstaking;

intent &c. (attention) 457; indefatigable &c. (persevering) 604a;

unwearied; unsleeping[obs3], never tired; plodding, hard-working &c.

686; businesslike, workaday. bustling; restless, restless as a hyena;

fussy, fidgety, pottering; busy, busy as hen with one chicken. working,

at work, on duty, in harness; up in arms; on one's legs, at call; up

and doing, up and stirring. busy, occupied; hard at work, hard at it;

up to one's ears in, full of business, busy as a bee, busy as a

one-armed paperhanger. meddling &c. v.; meddlesome, pushing, officious,

overofficious[obs3], intrigant[obs3]. astir, stirring; agoing[obs3],

afoot; on foot; in full swing; eventful; on the alert, &c. (vigilant)

459. Adv. actively &c. adj.; with life and spirit, with might and main

&c. 686,with haste &c. 684, with wings; full tilt, in mediis

rebus[Lat]. Int. be alive, look alive, look sharp! move on, push on!

keep moving! go ahead! stir your stumps! age quod agis[Lat]!

jaldi[obs3]! karo[obs3]! step lively! Phr. carpe diem &c.

(opportunity) 134[Latin: seize the day]; nulla dies sine linea

[Latin][Pliny]; nec mora nec requies [Latin][Vergil]; the plot

thickens; No sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; "veni vidi vici"

[Lat][Suetonius]; catch a weasel asleep; abends wird der Faule fleissig

[obs3][German]; dictum ac factum [Lat][Terence]; schwere Arbeit in der

Jugend ist sanfte Ruhe im Alter[German: hard work in youth means soft

rest in age]; "the busy hum of men" [Milton].

#683. Inactivity.—N. inactivity; inaction &c. 681; inertness &c.

172; obstinacy &c. 606. lull &c. (cessation) 142; quiescence &c. 265;

rust, rustiness. idleness, remissness &c. adj.; sloth, indolence,

indiligence[obs3]; dawdling &c. v. ergophobia[obs3], otiosity[obs3].

dullness &c. adj.; languor; segnity|, segnitude|; lentor[obs3];

sluggishness &c. (slowness) 275; procrastination &c. (delay) 133;

torpor, torpidity, torpescence[obs3]; stupor &c. (insensibility) 823;

somnolence; drowsiness &c. adj.; nodding &c. v.; oscitation[obs3],

oscitancy[obs3]; pandiculation[obs3], hypnotism, lethargy; statuvolence

heaviness[obs3], heavy eyelids. sleep, slumber; sound sleep, heavy

sleep, balmy sleep; Morpheus; Somnus; coma, trance, ecstasis[obs3],

dream, hibernation, nap, doze, snooze, siesta, wink of sleep, forty

winks, snore; hypnology[obs3]. dull work; pottering; relaxation &c.

(loosening) 47; Castle of Indolence. [Cause of inactivity] lullaby,

sedative, tranquilizer, hypnotic, sleeping pill, relaxant, anaesthetic,

general anaesthetic &c. 174; torpedo. [person who is inactive] idler,

drone, droil[obs3], dawdle, mopus[obs3]; do-little faineant[Fr],

dummy, sleeping partner; afternoon farmer; truant &c. (runaway) 623:

bummer|!, loafer, goldbrick, goldbicker, lounger, lazzarone[It];

lubber, lubbard[obs3]; slow coach &c. (slow.) 275; opium eater, lotus

eater; slug; lag|!, sluggard, slugabed; slumberer, dormouse, marmot;

waiter on Providence, fruges consumere natus[Lat]. V. be inactive &c.

adj.; do nothing &c. 681; move slowly &c. 275; let the grass grow under

one's feet; take one's time, dawdle, drawl, droil[obs3], lag, hang

back, slouch; loll, lollop[obs3]; lounge, poke, loaf, loiter; go to

sleep over; sleep at one's post, ne battre que d'une aile[Fr][obs3].

take it easy, take things as they come; lead an easy life, vegetate,

swim with the stream, eat the bread of idleness; loll in the lap of

luxury, loll in the lap of indolence; waste time, consume time, kill

time, lose time; burn daylight, waste the precious hours. idle away

time, trifle away time, fritter away time, fool away time; spend time

in, take time in; peddle, piddle; potter, pudder[obs3], dabble, faddle

fribble[obs3], fiddle-faddle; dally, dilly-dally. sleep, slumber, be

asleep; hibernate; oversleep; sleep like a top, sleep like a log, sleep

like a dormouse; sleep soundly, heavily; doze, drowze[obs3], snooze,

nap; take a nap &c. n.; dream; snore one's best; settle to sleep, go to

sleep, go off to sleep; doze off, drop off; fall asleep; drop asleep;

close the eyes, seal up the eyes, seal up eyelids; weigh down the

eyelids; get sleep, nod, yawn; go to bed, turn; get some z's, stack z's

[coll.]. languish, expend itself, flag, hang fire; relax. render idle

&c. adj.; sluggardize[obs3]; mitigate &c. 174. Adj. inactive;

motionless &c. 265; unoccupied &c. (doing nothing) 681 unbusied[obs3].

indolent, lazy, slothful, idle, lusk[obs3], remiss, slack, inert,

torpid, sluggish, otiose, languid, supine, heavy, dull, leaden,

lumpish[obs3]; exanimate[obs3], soulless; listless; drony[obs3],

dronish[obs3]; lazy as Ludlam's dog. dilatory, laggard; lagging &c. v.;

slow &c. 275; rusty, flagging; lackadaisical, maudlin, fiddle-faddle;

pottering &c. v.;shilly-shally &c. (irresolute) 605. sleeping, &c. v.;

asleep; fast asleep, dead asleep, sound asleep; in a sound sleep; sound

as a top, dormant, comatose; in the arms of Morpheus, in the lap of

Morpheus. sleepy, sleepful[obs3]; dozy[obs3], drowsy, somnolent,

torpescent[obs3], lethargic, lethargical[obs3]; somnifacient[obs3];

statuvolent[obs3], statuvolic[obs3]; heavy, heavy with sleep; napping;

somnific[obs3], somniferous; soporous[obs3], soporific,

soporiferous[obs3]; hypnotic; balmy, dreamy; unawakened, unawakened.

sedative &c. 174. Adv. inactively &c. adj.; at leisure &c. 685. Phr.

the eyes begin to draw straws; "bankrupt of life yet prodigal of ease"

[Dryden]; "better 50 years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay"

[Tennyson]; "idly busy rolls their world away" [Goldsmith]; "the

mystery of folded sleep" [Tennyson]; "the timely dew of sleep"

[Milton]; "thou driftest gently down the tides of sleep" [Longfellow];

"tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep" [Young].

#684. Haste.—N. haste, urgency; despatch, dispatch; acceleration,

spurt, spirt[obs3], forced march, rush, dash; speed, velocity &c. 274;

precipitancy, precipitation, precipitousness &c. adj.; impetuosity;

brusquerie[obs3]; hurry, drive, scramble, bustle, fuss, fidget, flurry,

flutter, splutter. V. haste, hasten; make haste, make a dash &c. n.;

hurry on, dash on, whip on, push on, press on, press forward; hurry,

skurry[obs3], scuttle along, barrel along, bundle on, dart to and fro,

bustle, flutter, scramble; plunge, plunge headlong; dash off; rush &c.

(violence) 173; express. bestir oneself &c. (be active) 682; lose no

time, lose not a moment, lose not an instant; make short work of; make

the best of one's time, make the best of one's way. be precipitate &c.

adj.; jump at, be in haste, be in a hurry &c. n.; have no time, have

not a moment to lose, have not a moment to spare; work against time.

quicken &c. 274; accelerate, expedite, put on, precipitate, urge, whip;

railroad. Adj. hasty, hurried, brusque; scrambling, cursory,

precipitate, headlong, furious, boisterous, impetuous, hotheaded;

feverish, fussy; pushing. in haste, in a hurry &c. n.; in hot haste, in

all haste; breathless, pressed for time, hard pressed, urgent. Adv.

with haste, with all haste, with breathless speed; in haste &c. adj.;

apace &c. (swiftly) 274; amain[obs3]; all at once &c. (instantaneously)

113; at short notice &c., immediately &c. (early) 132; posthaste; by

cable, by express, by telegraph, by forced marches. hastily,

precipitately &c. adj.; helter-skelter, hurry-skurry[obs3],

holus-bolus; slapdash, slap-bang; full-tilt, full drive; heels over

head, head and shoulders, headlong, a corps perdu[Fr]. by fits and

starts, by spurts; hop skip and jump. Phr. sauve qui peut[French: every

man for himself][panic], devil take the hindmost, no time to be lost;

no sooner said than done &c. (early) 132; a word and a blow; haste

makes waste, maggiore fretta minore atto [Italian]; ohne Hast aber

ohne Rast [German][Goethe's motto]; "stand not upon the order of your

going but go at once" [Macbeth]; "swift, swift, you dragons of the

night" [Cymbeline].

#685. Leisure.—N. leisure; convenience; spare time, spare hours,

#

spare moments; vacant hour; time, time to spare, time on one's hands;

holiday, relaxation &c. (rest) 687; otium cum dignitate

[Lat][obs3][Cic.],

ease.

no hurry; no big rush; no deadline.

V. have leisure &c. n.; take one's time, take one's leisure, take

one's ease; repose &c. 687; move slowly &c. 275; while away the time

&c.

(inaction) 681; be master of one's time, be an idle man.

Adj. leisure, leisurely; slow &c. 275; deliberate, quiet, calm,

undisturbed; at leisure, at one's ease, at loose ends, at a loose end.

Adv. unhurriedly, deliberately, without undue haste; anytime.

Phr. time hanging heavy on one's hands; eile mit Weile[Ger].

#686. Exertion.—N. exertion, effort, strain, tug, pull, stress,

throw, stretch, struggle, spell, spurt, spirt[obs3]; stroke of work,

stitch of work. "a strong pull a long pull and a pull all together";

dead lift; heft; gymnastics; exercise, exercitation[obs3]; wear and

tear; ado; toil and trouble; uphill work, hard work, warm work; harvest

time. labor, work, toil, travail, manual labor, sweat of one's brow,

swink[obs3], drudgery, slavery, fagging[obs3], hammering; limae

labor[Lat]; industry, industriousness, operoseness[obs3],

operosity[obs3]. trouble, pains, duty; resolution &c. 604; energy &c.

(physical) 171. V. exert oneself; exert one's energies, tax one's

energies; use exertion. labor, work, toil, moil, sweat, fag, drudge,

slave, drag a lengthened chain, wade through, strive, stretch a long

arm; pull, tug, ply; ply the oar, tug at the oar; do the work; take the

laboring oar bestir oneself (be active) 682; take trouble, trouble

oneself. work hard; rough it; put forth one's strength, put forth a

strong arm; fall to work, bend the bow; buckle to, set one's shoulder

to the wheel &c. (resolution) 604; work like a horse, work like a cart

horse, work like a galley slave, work like a coal heaver; labor day and

night, work day and night; redouble one's efforts; do double duty; work

double hours, work double tides; sit up, burn the candle at both ends;

stick to &c. (persevere) 604a; work one's way, fight one's way; lay

about one, hammer at. take pains; do one's best, do one's level best,

do one's utmost; give one hundred percent, do the best one can, do all

one can, do all in one's power, do as much as in one lies, do what lies

in one's power; use one's best endeavor, use one's utmost endeavor; try

one's best, try one's utmost; play one's best card; put one's best leg

foremost, put one's right leg foremost; have one's whole soul in his

work, put all one's strength into, strain every nerve; spare no

efforts, spare no pains; go all lengths; go through fire and water &c.

(resolution) 604; move heaven and earth, leave no stone unturned. Adj.

laboring &c. v. laborious, operose[obs3], elaborate; strained;

toilsome, troublesome, wearisome; uphill; herculean, gymnastic,

palestric[obs3]. hard-working, painstaking; strenuous, energetic. hard

at work, on the stretch. Adv. laboriously &c. adj.; lustily; pugnis et

calcibus[Lat]; with might and main, with all one's might, with a strong

hand, with a sledge hammer, with much ado; to the best of one's

abilities, totis viribus[Lat], vi et armis[Lat], manibus

pedibusque[Lat], tooth and nail, unguibus et rostro[Lat], hammer and

tongs, heart and soul; through thick and thin &c. (perseverance) 604a.

by the sweat of one's brow, suo Marte. Phr. aide-toi le ciel

t'aidera[Fr]; "and still be doing, never done" [Butler]; buen principio

la mitad es hecha [Sp]; cosa ben fatta e' fatta due volie [It];"it is

better to wear out than to rust out" [Bp. Hornel]; labor omnia vincit

"labor, wide as the earth, has its summit in Heaven"

[Lat][Vergil][Carlyle]; le travail du corps delivre des peines de

l'esprit [Fr][fr]; manu forti[Lat]; ora et labora[Lat].

#687. Repose.—N. repose, rest, silken repose; sleep &c. 683.

#

relaxation, breathing time; halt, stay, pause &c. (cessation) 142;

respite.

day of rest, dies non, Sabbath, Lord's day, holiday, red-letter

day,

vacation, recess.

V. repose; rest, rest and be thankful; take a rest, take one's

ease,

take it easy.

relax, unbend, slacken; take breath &c. (refresh) 689; rest upon

one's

oars; pause &c. (cease) 142; stay one's hand.

lie down; recline, recline on a bed of down, recline on an easy

chair;

go to rest, go to bed, go to sleep &c. 683.

take a holiday, shut up shop; lie fallow &c. (inaction) 681.

Adj. reposing &c. v[of people].; relaxed &c. v.; unstrained.

[of materials and people] unstressed.

Adv. at rest.

Phr."the best of men have ever loved repose" [Thompson]; "to

repair

our nature with comforting repose" [Henry VIII].

#688. Fatigue.—N. fatigue; weariness &c. 841; yawning, drowsiness

&c. 683; lassitude, tiredness, fatigation|, exhaustion; sweat;

dyspnoea. anhelation, shortness of breath; faintness; collapse,

prostration, swoon, fainting, deliquium[Lat], syncope, lipothymy[obs3];

goneness[obs3]. V. be fatigued &c. adj.; yawn &c. (get sleepy) 683;

droop, sink, flag; lose breath, lose wind; gasp, pant, puff, blow,

drop, swoon, faint, succumb. fatigue, tire, weary, irk, flag, jade,

harass, exhaust, knock up, wear out, prostrate. tax, task, strain;

overtask, overwork, overburden, overtax, overstrain. Adj. fatigued,

tired &c. v.; weary &c. 841; drowsy &c. 683; drooping &c. v.; haggard;

toilworn[obs3], wayworn; footsore, surbated|, weather- beaten; faint;

done up, used up, knocked up; bushed * [U.S.]; exhausted, prostrate,

spent; overtired, overspent, overfatigued; unrefreshed[obs3],

unrestored. worn, worn out; battered, shattered, pulled down, seedy,

altered. breathless, windless; short of breath, out of breath, short of

wind; blown, puffing and blowing; short-breathed; anhelose[obs3];

broken winded, short-winded; dyspnaeal[obs3], dyspnaeic[obs3]. ready to

drop, all in, more dead than alive, dog-weary, walked off one's legs,

tired to death, on one's last legs, played out, hors de combat[Fr].

fatiguing &c v.; tiresome, irksome, wearisome; weary, trying.

#689. Refreshment.—N. bracing &c. v.; recovery of strength,

recuperation &c. 159; restoration, revival &c. 660; repair, refection,

refocillation|, refreshment, regalement[obs3], bait; relief &c. 834.

break, spell. refreshment stand; refreshments; ice cream[list], cold

soda, soda pop, hot dogs (food). V. brace &c. (strengthen) 159;

reinvigorate; air, freshen up, refresh, recruit; repair &c. (restore)

660; fan, refocillate|; refresh the inner man. breathe, respire; drink

in the ozone; take a break, take a breather, take five, draw breath,

take a deep breath, take breath, gather breath, take a long breath,

regain breath, recover breath; get better, raise one's head; recover

one's strength, regain one's strength, renew one's strength &c. 159;

perk up, get one's second wind. come to oneself &c. (revive) 660; feel

refreshed, feel like a giant refreshed. Adj. refreshing &c v.;

recuperative &c. 660. refreshed &c. v.; untired[obs3], unwearied.

#690. Agent.—N. doer, actor, agent, performer, perpetrator,

operator; executor, executrix; practitioner, worker, stager. bee, ant,

working bee, termite, white ant; laboring oar, servant of all work,

factotum. workman, artisan; craftsman, handicraftsman; mechanic,

operative; working man; laboring man; demiurgus, hewers of wood and

drawers of water, laborer, navvy[obs3]; hand, man, day laborer,

journeyman, charwoman, hack; mere tool &c. 633; beast of burden,

drudge, fag; lumper[obs3], roustabout. maker, artificer, artist,

wright, manufacturer, architect, builder, mason, bricklayer, smith,

forger, Vulcan; carpenter; ganger, platelayer; blacksmith, locksmith,

sailmaker, wheelwright. machinist, mechanician, engineer.

sempstress[obs3], semstress[obs3], seamstress; needlewoman[obs3],

workwoman; tailor, cordwainer[obs3]. minister &c. (instrument) 631;

servant &c. 746; representative &c. (commissioner) 758, (deputy) 759.

coworker, party to, participator in, particeps criminis[Lat], dramatis

personae[Lat]; personnel. Phr. quorum pars magna fui [Lat][Vergil];

faber est quisque fortunae suae [Lat].

#691. Workshop.—N. workshop, workhouse, workplace, shop, place of

business; manufactory, mill, plant, works, factory; cabinet, studio;

office, branch office bureau, atelier. hive[specific types of

workplace: list], hive of industry; nursery; hothouse, hotbed; kitchen;

mint, forge, loom; dock, dockyard; alveary[obs3]; armory; laboratory,

lab, research institute; refinery; cannery; power plant; beauty parlor;

beehive, bindery, forcing pit, nailery[obs3], usine[obs3], slip, yard,

wharf; foundry, foundery[obs3]; furnace; vineyard. crucible, alembic,

caldron, matrix. Adj. at work, at the office, at the shop; working.

2. Complex Voluntary Action

#692. Conduct.—N. conduct[actions of an individual agent];

behavior; deportment, comportment; carriage, maintien[obs3], demeanor,

guise, bearing, manner, observance. dealing, transaction &c. (action)

680; business &c. 625. tactics, game, game plan, policy, polity;

generalship, statesmanship, seamanship; strategy, strategics[obs3];

plan &c. 626. management; husbandry; housekeeping, housewifery;

stewardship; menage; regime; economy, economics; political economy;

government &c. (direction) 693. execution, manipulation, treatment,

campaign, career, life, course, walk, race, record. course of conduct,

line of conduct, line of action, line of proceeding; role; process,

ways, practice, procedure, modus operandi, MO, method of operating;

method &c., path &c. 627. V. transact[cause to occur], execute;

despatch, dispatch; proceed with, discharge; carry on, carry through,

carry out, carry into effect, put into effect; work out; go through,

get through; enact; put into practice; do &c. 680; officiate &c. 625.

bear oneself, behave oneself, comport oneself, demean oneself, carry

oneself, conduct oneself, acquit oneself. run a race, lead a life, play

a game; take a course, adopt a course; steer one's course, shape one's

course; play one's paint, play one's cards, shift for oneself; paddle

one's own canoe; bail one's own boat. conduct; manage, supervise &c.

(direct) 693. participate &c. 680. deal with, have to do with; treat,

handle a case; take steps, take measures. Adj. conducting &c. v.

strategical, businesslike, practical, executive.

#693. Direction.—N. direction; management, managery[obs3];

government, gubernation[obs3], conduct, legislation, regulation,

guidance; bossism [U.S.]; legislature; steerage, pilotage; reins, reins

of government; helm, rudder, needle, compass; guiding star, load star,

lode star, pole star; cynosure. supervision, superintendence;

surveillance, oversight; eye of the master; control, charge; board of

control &c. (council) 696; command &c. (authority) 737. premiership,

senatorship; director &c. 694; chair, portfolio. statesmanship;

statecraft, kingcraft[obs3], queencraft[obs3]. ministry, ministration;

administration; stewardship, proctorship[obs3]; agency. [person who

directs] director &c. 694. V. direct, manage, govern, conduct; order,

prescribe, cut out work for; bead, lead; lead the way, show the way;

take the lead, lead on; regulate, guide, steer, pilot; tackle

[intransitive] take the helm, be at the helm; have the reins, handle

the reins, hold the reins, take the reins; drive, tool. superintend,

supervise; overlook, control, keep in order, look after, see to,

legislate for; administer, ministrate[obs3]; matronize[obs3]; have the

care of, have the charge of; be in charge of, have charge of, take the

direction; boss, boss one around; pull the strings, pull the wires;

rule &c. (command) 737; have the direction, hold office, hold the

portfolio; preside, preside at the board; take the chair, occupy the

chair, be in the chair; pull the stroke oar. Adj. directing &c. v.;

hegemonic. Adv. at the helm, at the head of.

#694. Director.—N. director, manager, governor, rector,

comptroller. superintendent, supervisor, straw boss. intendant;

overseer, overlooker[obs3]; supercargo[obs3], husband, inspector,

visitor, ranger, surveyor, aedile[obs3]; moderator, monitor,

taskmaster; master &c. 745; leader, ringleader, demagogue, corypheus,

conductor, fugleman[obs3], precentor[obs3], bellwether, agitator;

caporal[obs3], choregus[obs3], collector, file leader, flugelman[obs3],

linkboy[obs3]. guiding star &c. (guidance) 693; adviser &c. 695; guide

&c. (information) 527; pilot; helmsman; steersman, steermate[obs3];

wire- puller. driver, whip, Jehu, charioteer; coachman, carman, cabman;

postilion, vetturino[obs3], muleteer, arriero[obs3], teamster; whipper

in. head, head man, head center, boss; principal, president, speaker;

chair, chairman, chairwoman, chairperson; captain &c. (master) 745;

superior; mayor &c. (civil authority) 745; vice president, prime

minister, premier, vizier, grand vizier, eparch[obs3]. officer,

functionary, minister, official, red-tapist[obs3], bureaucrat; man in

office, Jack in office; office bearer; person in authority &c. 745.

statesman, strategist, legislator, lawgiver, politician, statist|!,

statemonger[obs3]; Minos, Draco; arbiter &c. (judge) 967; boss [U.S.],

political dictator. board &c. (council) 696. secretary, secretary of

state; Reis Effendi; vicar &c. (deputy) 759; steward, factor; agent &c.

758; bailiff, middleman; foreman, clerk of works; landreeve[obs3];

factotum, major-domo[obs3], seneschal, housekeeper, shepherd, croupier;

proctor, procurator. Adv. ex officio.

#695. Advice.—N. advice, counsel, adhortation|; word to the wise;

#

suggestion, submonition|, recommendation, advocacy; advisement.

exhortation &c. (persuasion) 615; expostulation &c. (dissuasion)

616;

admonition &c. (warning) 668; guidance &c. (direction) 693.

instruction, charge, injunction, obtestation[obs3]; Governor's

message, President's message; King's message, Queen's speech; message,

speech from the throne.

adviser, prompter; counsel, counselor; monitor, mentor, Nestor,

magnus

Apollo[Lat][obs3], senator; teacher &c. 540.

guide, manual, chart &c. (information) 527.

physician, doctor, leech|!, archiater[obs3].

arbiter &c. (judge) 967.

reference, referment[obs3]; consultation, conference, pourparler.

V. advise, counsel; give advice, give counsel, give a piece of

advice[Fr]; suggest, prompt, submonish[obs3], recommend, prescribe,

advocate; exhort &c. (persuade) 615.

enjoin, enforce, charge, instruct, call; call upon &c. (request)

765;

dictate.

expostulate &c. (dissuade) 616; admonish &c. (warn) 668.

advise with; lay heads together, consult together; compare notes;

hold

a council, deliberate, be closeted with.

confer, consult, refer to, call in; take advice, follow advice; be

advised by, have at one's elbow, take one's cue from.

Adj. recommendatory; hortative &c. (persuasive) 615; dehortatory

&c.

(dissuasive) 616[obs3]; admonitory &c. (warning) 668.

Int. go to!

Phr. "give every man thine ear but few thy voice" [Hamlet]; "I

pray

thee cease thy counsel" [Much Ado About Nothing]; "my guide,

philosopher,

and friend" [Pope]; "'twas good advice and meant, my son be good"

[Crabbe];

verbum sat sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise is sufficient]; vive

memor

leti[Lat]; "we, ask advice but we mean approbation" [Colton].

#696. Council.—N. council, committee, subcommittee, comitia[Lat],

court, chamber, cabinet, board, bench, staff. senate, senatus[Lat],

parliament, chamber of deputies, directory, reichsrath[Ger], rigsdag,

cortes[Sp], storthing[obs3], witenagemote[obs3], junta, divan,

musnud[obs3], sanhedrim; classis[obs3]; Amphictyonic council[obs3];

duma[Russ], house of representatives; legislative assembly, legislative

council; riksdag[obs3], volksraad[Ger], witan[obs3], caput[obs3],

consistory, chapter, syndicate; court of appeal &c. (tribunal) 966;

board of control, board of works; vestry; county council, local board.

audience chamber, council chamber, state chamber. cabinet council,

privy council; cockpit, convocation, synod, congress, convention, diet,

states-general. [formal gathering of members of a council: script]

assembly, caucus, conclave, clique, conventicle; meeting, sitting,

seance, conference, convention, exhibition, session, palaver,

pourparler, durbar[obs3], house; quorum; council fire [N.Am.], powwow

[U.S.], primary [U.S.]. meeting, assemblage &c. 72. [person who is

member of a council] member; senator; member of parliament, M.P.;

councilor, representative of the people; assemblyman, congressman;

councilman, councilwoman, alderman, freeholder. V. assemble, gather

together, meet (assemblage) 72; confer, caucus, hold council; huddle

[coll.]. Adj. senatorial, curule[obs3]; congressional, parliamentary;

legislative, law-making; regulatory; deliberative.

#697. Precept.—N. precept, direction, instruction, charge;

#

prescript, prescription; recipe, receipt; golden rule; maxim &c. 496.

rule, canon, law, code, corpus juris[Lat], lex scripta[Lat], act,

statute, rubric, stage direction, regulation; form, formula, formulary;

technicality; canon law; norm.

order &c. (command) 741.

#698. Skill.—N. skill, skillfulness, address; dexterity,

dexterousness; adroitness, expertness &c. adj.; proficiency,

competence, technical competence, craft, callidity[obs3], facility,

knack, trick, sleight; mastery, mastership, excellence, panurgy[obs3];

ambidexterity, ambidextrousness[obs3]; sleight of hand &c. (deception)

545. seamanship, airmanship, marksmanship, horsemanship; rope-dancing.

accomplishment, acquirement, attainment; art, science; technicality,

technology; practical knowledge, technical knowledge. knowledge of the

world, world wisdom, savoir faire[Fr]; tact; mother wit &c. (sagacity)

498; discretion &c. *(caution) 864; finesse; craftiness &c. (cunning)

702; management &c. (conduct) 692; self-help. cleverness, talent,

ability, ingenuity, capacity, parts, talents, faculty, endowment,

forte, turn, gift, genius; intelligence &c. 498; sharpness, readiness

&c. (activity) 682; invention &c. 515; aptness, aptitude; turn for,

capacity for, genius for; felicity, capability, curiosa felicitas[Lat],

qualification, habilitation. proficient &c. 700. masterpiece, coup de

maitre[Fr], chef d'euvre[Fr], tour de force; good stroke &c. (plan)

626. V. be skillful &c. adj.; excel in, be master of; have a turn for

&c. n. know what's what, know a hawk from a handsaw, know what one is

about, know on which side one's bread is buttered, know what's

o'clock; have cut one's eye teeth, have cut one's wisdom teeth. see

one's way, see where the wind lies, see which way the wind blows; have

all one's wits about one, have one's hand in; savoir vivre[Fr]; scire

quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent[Lat][obs3]. look after the main

chance; cut one's coat according to one's cloth; live by one's wits;

exercise one's discretion, feather the oar, sail near the wind; stoop

to conquer &c. (cunning) 702; play one's cards well, play one's best

card; hit the right nail on the head, put the saddle on the right

horse. take advantage of, make the most of; profit by &e. (use) 677;

make a hit &c. (succeed) 731; make a virtue of necessity; make hay

while the sun shines &c. (occasion) 134. Adj. skillful, dexterous,

adroit, expert, apt, handy, quick, deft, ready, gain; slick, smart &c.

(active) 682; proficient, good at, up to, at home in, master of, a good

hand at, au fait, thoroughbred, masterly, crack, accomplished;

conversant &c. (knowing) 490. experienced, practiced, skilled,

hackneyed; up in, well up in; in practice, in proper cue; competent,

efficient, qualified, capable, fitted, fit for, up to the mark,

trained, initiated, prepared, primed, finished. clever, cute, able,

ingenious, felicitous, gifted, talented, endowed; inventive &c. 515;

shrewd, sharp, on the ball &c. (intelligent) 498; cunning &c. 702;

alive to, up to snuff, not to be caught with chaff; discreet.

neat-handed, fine-fingered, nimble-fingered, ambidextrous, sure-

footed; cut out for, fitted for. technical, artistic, scientific,

daedalian[obs3], shipshape; workman- like, business-like,

statesman-like. Adv. skillfully &c. adj.; well &c. 618; artistically;

with skill, with consummate skill; secundum artem[Lat], suo Marte; to

the best of one's abilities &c. (exertion) 686. Phr. ars celare

artem[Lat]; artes honorabit[Lat]; celui qui veut celui-la peut[Fr];

c'est une grande habilite que de savoir cacher sonhabilite[Fr];

expertus metuit [Lat][Horace]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille

sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt[Ger]; "heart to conceive the

understanding to direct, or the hand to execute" [Junius]; if you have

lemons, make lemonade.

#699. Unskillfulness.—N. unskillfulness &c. adj.; want of skill &c.

698; incompetence, incompentency[obs3]; inability, infelicity,

indexterity[obs3], inexperience; disqualification, unproficiency[obs3];

quackery. folly, stupidity &c. 499; indiscretion &c. (rashness) 863;

thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458 (neglect) 460; sabotage.

mismanagement, misconduct; impolicy[obs3]; maladministration; misrule,

misgovernment, misapplication, misdirection, misfeasance; petticoat

government. absence of rule, rule of thumb; bungling &c. v.; failure

&c. 732; screw loose; too many cooks. blunder &c. (mistake) 495;

etourderie gaucherie[Fr], act of folly, balourdise[obs3]; botch,

botchery[obs3]; bad job, sad work. sprat sent out to catch a whale,

much ado about nothing, wild-goose chase. bungler &c. 701; fool &c.

501. V. be unskillful &c. adj.; not see an inch beyond one's nose;

blunder, bungle, boggle, fumble, botch, bitch, flounder, stumble, trip;

hobble &c. 275; put one's foot in it; make a mess of, make hash of,

make sad work of; overshoot the mark. play tricks with, play Puck,

mismanage, misconduct, misdirect, misapply, missend. stultify oneself,

make a fool of oneself, commit oneself; act foolishly; play the fool;

put oneself out of court; lose control, lose control of oneself, lose

one's head, lose one's cunning. begin at the wrong end; do things by

halves &c. (not complete) 730; make two bites of a cherry; play at

cross purposes; strain at a gnat and swallow a camel &c. (caprice) 608;

put the cart before the horse; lock the stable door when the horse is

stolen &c. (too late) 135. not know what one is about, not know one's

own interest, not know on which side one's bread is buttered; stand in

one's own light, quarrel with one's bread and butter, throw a stone in

one's own garden, kill the goose which lays the golden eggs, pay dear

for one's whistle, cut one's own throat, bum one's fingers; knock one's

head against a stone wall, beat one's head against a stone wall; fall

into a trap, catch a Tartar, bring the house about one's ears; have too

many eggs in one basket (imprudent) 863, have too many irons in the

fire. mistake &c. 495; take the shadow for the substance &c.

(credulity) 486; bark up the wrong tree; be in the wrong box, aim at a

pigeon and kill a crow; take the wrong pig by the tail, get the wrong

pig by the tail, get the wrong sow by the ear, get the dirty end of the

stick; put the saddle on the wrong horse, put a square peg into a

round hole, put new wine into old bottles. cut blocks with a razor;

hold a farthing candle to the sun &c. (useless) 645; fight with a

shadow, grasp at a shadow; catch at straws, lean on a broken reed,

reckon without one's host, pursue a wild goose chase; go on a fool's

goose chase, sleeveless errand; go further and fare worse; lose one's

way, miss one's way; fail &c. 732. Adj. unskillful &c. 698; inexpert;

bungling &c.v.; awkward, clumsy, unhandy, lubberly, gauche, maladroit;

left-handed, heavy-handed; slovenly, slatternly; gawky. adrift, at

fault. inapt, unapt; inhabile[Fr]; untractable[obs3], unteachable;

giddy &c. (inattentive) 458; inconsiderate &c. (neglectful) 460; stupid

&c. 499; inactive &c. 683; incompetent; unqualified, disqualified,

ill-qualified; unfit; quackish; raw, green, inexperienced, rusty, out

of practice. unaccustomed, unused, untrained &c. 537, uninitiated,

unconversant &c. (ignorant) 491[obs3]; shiftless; unstatesmanlike.

unadvised; ill-advised, misadvised; ill-devised, ill-imagined, ill-

judged, ill-contrived, ill-conducted; unguided, misguided;

misconducted, foolish, wild; infelicitous; penny wise and pound foolish

&c. (inconsistent) 608. Phr. one's fingers being all thumbs; the right

hand forgets its cunning; il se noyerait dans une goutte d'eau[Fr];

incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim[Lat]; out of the frying

pan into the fire; non omnia possumus omnes [Lat][Vergil].

#700. Proficient.—N. proficient, expert, adept, dab; dabster[obs3],

crackerjack; connoisseur &c. (scholar) 492; master, master hand; prima

donna[Sp], first fiddle, top gun, chef de cuisine, top sawyer;

protagonist; past master; mahatma. picked man; medallist,

prizeman[obs3]. veteran; old stager, old campaigner, old soldier, old

file, old hand; man of business, man of the world. nice hand, good

hand, clean hand; practiced hand, experienced eye, experienced hand;

marksman; good shot, dead shot, crack shot; ropedancer,

funambulist[obs3], acrobat; cunning man; conjuror &c. (deceiver) 548;

wizard &c. 994. genius; mastermind, master head, master spirit. cunning

blade, sharp blade, sharp fellow; jobber; cracksman &c. (thief)

792[obs3]; politician, tactician, strategist. pantologist[obs3],

admirable Crichton, Jack of all trades; prodigy of learning.

#701. Bungler.—N. bungler; blunderer, blunderhead[obs3]; marplot,

fumbler, lubber, duffer, dauber, stick; bad hand, poor hand, poor shot;

butterfingers[obs3]. no conjurer, flat, muff, slow coach, looby[obs3],

lubber, swab; clod, yokel, awkward squad, blanc-bec; galoot[obs3].

land lubber; fresh water sailor, fair weather sailor; horse marine;

fish out of water, ass in lion's skin, jackdaw in peacock's feathers;

quack &c. (deceiver) 548; lord of misrule. sloven, slattern,

trapes[obs3]. amateur, novice, greenhorn (learner) 541. Phr. il n'a pas

invente' la poudre[Fr]; he will never set the Thames on fire; acierta

errando[Lat]; aliquis in omnibus nullus in singulis[Lat][obs3].

#702. Cunning.—N. cunning, craft; cunningness[obs3], craftiness &c.

adj.; subtlety, artificiality; maneuvering &c. v.; temporization;

circumvention. chicane, chicanery; sharp practice, knavery,

jugglery[obs3]; concealment &c. 528; guile, doubling, duplicity &c.

(falsehood) 544; foul play. diplomacy, politics; Machiavelism; jobbery,

backstairs influence. art, artifice; device, machination; plot &c.

(plan) 626; maneuver, stratagem, dodge, sidestep, artful dodge, wile;

trick, trickery &c. (deception) 545; ruse, ruse de guerre[Fr]; finesse,

side blow, thin end of the wedge, shift, go by, subterfuge, evasion;

white lie &c (untruth) 546; juggle, tour de force; tricks of the trade,

tricks upon travelers; espieglerie[Fr]; net, trap &c. 545. Ulysses,

Machiavel, sly boots, fox, reynard; Scotchman; Jew, Yankee; intriguer,

intrigant[obs3]; floater [U.S.], Indian giver [U.S.], keener [U.S.],

repeater [U.S. politics]. V. be cunning &c. adj.; have cut one's

eyeteeth; contrive &c (plan) 626; live by one's wits; maneuver;

intrigue, gerrymander, finesse, double, temporize, stoop to conquer,

reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], circumvent, steal a march upon;

overreach &c. 545; throw off one's guard; surprise &c. 508; snatch a

verdict; waylay, undermine, introduce the thin end of the wedge; play a

deep game, play tricks with; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces[Lat];

flatter, make things pleasant; have an ax to grind. dodge, sidestep,

bob and weave. Adj. cunning, crafty, artful; skillful &c. 698; subtle,

feline, vulpine; cunning as a fox, cunning as a serpent; deep, deep

laid; profound; designing, contriving; intriguing &c.v.; strategic,

diplomatic, politic, Machiavelian, timeserving[obs3]; artificial;

tricky, tricksy[obs3]; wily, sly, slim, insidious, stealthy; underhand

&c (hidden) 528; subdolous[obs3]; deceitful &c. 545; slippery as an

eel, evasive &c. 623; crooked; arch, pawky[obs3], shrewd, acute; sharp,

sharp as a tack, sharp as a needle|!; canny, astute, leery, knowing, up

to snuff, too clever by half, not to be caught with chaff. tactful,

diplomatic, politic; polite &c. 894. Adv. cunningly &c. adj.; slyly,

slily[obs3], on the sly, by a side wind. Phr. diamond cut diamond; a'

bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; fin contre fin[Fr]; "something is rotten in

the state of Denmark" [Hamlet].

#703. Artlessness.—N. artlessness &c. adj; nature, simplicity;

innocence &c. 946; bonhomie, naivete, abandon, candor, sincerity;

singleness of purpose, singleness of heart; honesty &c. 939; plain

speaking; epanchement[Fr]. rough diamond, matter of fact man; le palais

de verite[Fr]; enfant terrible[Fr]. V. be artless &c. adj; look one in

the face; wear one's heart upon his sleeves for daws to peck at[obs3];

think aloud; speak out, speak one's mind; be free with one, call a

spade a spade. Adj. artless, natural, pure, native, confiding, simple,

lain, inartificial[obs3], untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu[obs3],

unaffected, naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day; candid,

ingenuous, guileless; unsuspicious, honest &c. 939; innocent &c. 946;

Arcadian[obs3]; undesigning, straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard;

simple-minded, single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted,

single-hearted, simple-hearted. free-spoken, plain-spoken, outspoken;

blunt, downright, direct, matter of fact, unpoetical[obs3];

unflattering. Adv. in plain words, in plain English; without mincing

the matter; not to mince the matter &c. (affirmation) 535. Phr. Davus

sum non Oedipus [Terence]; liberavi animam meam[Lat]; "as frank as rain

on cherry blossoms" [E.B. Browning].

SECTION IV. ANTAGONISM

1. Conditional Antagonism

#704. Difficulty.—N. difficulty; hardness &c. adj.;

impracticability &c. (impossibility) 471; tough work, hard work, uphill

work; hard task, Herculean task, Augean task[obs3]; task of Sisyphus,

Sisyphean labor, tough job, teaser, rasper[obs3], dead lift. dilemma,

embarrassment; deadlock; perplexity &c. (uncertainty) 475; intricacy;

entanglement, complexity &c. 59; cross fire; awkwardness, delicacy,

ticklish card to play, knot, Gordian knot, dignus vindice nodus[Lat],

net, meshes, maze; coil &c. (convolution) 248; crooked path;

involvement. nice point, delicate point, subtle point, knotty point;

vexed question, vexata quaestio[Lat], poser; puzzle &c. (riddle) 533;

paradox; hard nut to crack, nut to crack; bone to pick, crux, pons

asinorum[Lat], where the shoe pinches. nonplus, quandary, strait, pass,

pinch, pretty pass, stress, brunt; critical situation, crisis; trial,

rub, emergency, exigency, scramble. scrape, hobble, slough, quagmire,

hot water, hornet's nest; sea of troubles, peck of troubles; pretty

kettle of fish; pickle, stew, imbroglio, mess, ado; false position. set

fast, stand, standstill; deadlock, dead set. fix, horns of a dilemma,

cul de sac[Fr]; hitch; stumbling block &c (hindrance) 706. [difficult

person] crab; curmudgeon. V. be difficult &c. adj.; run one hard, go

against the grain, try one's patience, put one out; put to one's

shifts, put to one's wit's end; go hard with one, try one; pose,

perplex &c. (uncertain) 475; bother, nonplus, gravel, bring to a

deadlock; be impossible &c. 471; be in the way of &c (hinder) 706. meet

with difficulties; labor under difficulties; get into difficulties;

plunge into difficulties; struggle with difficulties; contend with

difficulties; grapple with difficulties; labor under a disadvantage; be

in difficulty &c. adj. fish in troubled waters, buffet the waves, swim

against the stream, scud under bare poles. Have much ado with, have a

hard time of it; come to the push, come to the pinch; bear the brunt.

grope in the dark, lose one's way, weave a tangled web, walk among

eggs. get into a scrape &c. n.; bring a hornet's nest about one's ears;

be put to one's shifts; flounder, boggle, struggle; not know which way

to turn &c. (uncertain) 475; perdre son Latin[Fr]; stick at, stick in

the mud, stick fast; come to a stand, come to a standstill, come to a

deadlock; hold the wolf by the ears, hold the tiger by the tail. render

difficult &c. adj.; enmesh, encumber, embarrass, ravel, entangle; put a

spoke in the wheel &c. (hinder) 706; lead a pretty dance. Adj.

difficult, not easy, hard, tough; troublesome, toilsome, irksome;

operose[obs3], laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable;

sooner said than done; more easily said than done, easier said than

done. [pertaining to person's disposition sensu 802] difficult to deal

with, hard to deal with; ill-conditioned, crabbed, crabby; not to be

handled with kid gloves, not made with rose water. awkward, unwieldy,

unmanageable; intractable, stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606; perverse,

refractory, plaguy[obs3], trying, thorny, rugged; knotted, knotty;

invious|; pathless, trackless; labyrinthine &c (convoluted) 248;

intricate, complicated &c (tangled) 59; impracticable &c. (impossible)

471; not feasible &c. 470; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859. embarrassing,

perplexing &c. (uncertain) 475; delicate, ticklish, critical; beset

with difficulties, full of difficulties, surrounded by difficulties,

entangled by difficulties, encompassed with difficulties. under a

difficulty; in a box; in difficulty, in hot water, in the suds, in a

cleft stick, in a fix, in the wrong box, in a scrape &c.n., in deep

water, in a fine pickle; in extremis; between two stools, between

Scylla and Charybdis; surrounded by shoals, surrounded by breakers,

surrounded by quicksands; at cross purposes; not out of the wood.

reduced to straits; hard pressed, sorely pressed; run hard; pinched,

put to it, straitened; hard up, hard put to it, hard set; put to one's

shifts; puzzled, at a loss, &c (uncertain) 475; at the end of one's

tether, at the end of one's rope, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus, at

a standstill; graveled, nonplused, nonplussed, stranded, aground; stuck

fast, set fast; up a tree, at bay, aux abois[Fr], driven into a corner,

driven from pillar to post, driven to extremity, driven to one's wit's

end, driven to the wall; au bout de son Latin; out of one's depth;

thrown out. accomplished with difficulty; hard-fought, hard-earned.

Adv. with difficulty, with much ado; barely, hardly &c. adj.; uphill;

against the stream, against the grain; d rebours[Fr]; invita

Minerva[Lat]; in the teeth of; at a pinch, upon a pinch; at long odds,

against long odds. Phr. "ay there's the rub" [Hamlet]; hic labor hoc

opus [Lat][Vergil]; things are come to a pretty pass, ab

inconvenienti[Lat]; ad astra per aspera[Lat]; acun chemin de fleurs ne

conduit a la gloire[Fr].

#705. Facility.—N. facility, ease; easiness &c. adj.; capability;

feasibility &c. (practicability) 470; flexibility, pliancy &c. 324;

smoothness &c. 255. plain sailing, smooth sailing, straight sailing;

mere child's play, holiday task; cinch [U.S.]. smooth water, fair wind;

smooth royal road; clear coast, clear stage; tabula rasa[Lat]; full

play &c. (freedom) 748. disencumbrance[obs3], disentanglement;

deoppilation|!; permission &c. 760. simplicity, lack of complication.

V. be easy &c. adj.; go on smoothly, run smoothly; have full play &c.

n.; go on all fours, run on all fours; obey the helm, work well. flow

with the stream, swim with the stream, drift with the stream, go with

the stream, flow with the tide, drift with the tide; see one's way;

have all one's own way, have the game in one's own hands; walk over the

course, win at a canter; make light of, make nothing of, make no bones

of. be at home in, make it look easy, do it with one's eyes closed, do

it in one's sleep &c. (skillful) 698. render easy &c. adj.;

facilitate, smooth, ease; popularize; lighten, lighten the labor; free,

clear; disencumber, disembarrass, disentangle, disengage;

deobstruct[obs3], unclog, extricate, unravel; untie the knot, cut the

knot; disburden, unload, exonerate, emancipate, free from,

deoppilate|!; humor &c. (aid) 707; lubricate &c. 332; relieve &c. 834.

leave a hole to creep out of, leave a loophole, leave the matter open;

give the reins to, give full play, give full swing; make way for; open

the door to, open the way, prepare the ground, smooth the ground, clear

the ground, open the way, open the path, open the road; pave the way,

bridge over; permit &c. 760. Adj. easy, facile; feasible &c

(practicable) 470; easily managed, easily accomplished; within reach,

accessible, easy of access, for the million, open to. manageable,

wieldy; towardly[obs3], tractable; submissive; yielding, ductile;

suant[obs3]; pliant &c. (soft) 324; glib, slippery; smooth &c. 255; on

friction wheels, on velvet. unembarrassed, disburdened, unburdened,

disencumbered, unencumbered, disembarrassed; exonerated; unloaded,

unobstructed, untrammeled; unrestrained &c. (free) 748; at ease, light.

[able to do easily] at home with; quite at home; in one's element, in

smooth water; skillful &c. 698;accustomed &c. 613. Adv. easily &c.

adj.; readily, smoothly, swimmingly, on easy terms, single-handed. Phr.

touch and go.

2. Active Antagonism

#706. Hindrance.—N. prevention, preclusion, obstruction, stoppage;

embolus, embolism [medical]; infarct [medical]; interruption,

interception, interclusion|; hindrance, impedition|; retardment[obs3],

retardation; embarrassment, oppilation|!; coarctation[obs3], stricture,

restriction; restraint &c. 751; inhibition &c. 761; blockade &c.

(closure) 261. interference, interposition; obtrusion; discouragement,

discountenance. impediment, let, obstacle, obstruction, knot,

knag[obs3]; check, hitch, contretemps, screw loose, grit in the oil.

bar, stile, barrier; [barrier to vehicles] turnstile, turnpike; gate,

portcullis. beaver dam; trocha[obs3]; barricade &c. (defense) 717;

wall, dead wall, sea wall, levee breakwater, groyne[obs3]; bulkhead,

block, buffer; stopper &c. 263; boom, dam, weir, burrock[obs3].

drawback, objection; stumbling-block, stumbling-stone; lion in the

path, snag; snags and sawyers. encumbrance, incumbrance[obs3]; clog,

skid, shoe, spoke; drag, drag chain, drag weight; stay, stop;

preventive, prophylactic; load, burden, fardel[obs3], onus, millstone

round one's neck, impedimenta; dead weight; lumber, pack; nightmare,

Ephialtes[obs3], incubus, old man of the sea; remora. difficulty &c.

704; insuperable &c. 471; obstacle; estoppel [Law]; ill wind; head wind

&c. (opposition) 708; trammel, tether &c. (means of restraint) 752;

hold back, counterpoise. [person who hinders] damper, wet blanket,

hinderer, marplot, killjoy; party pooper[coll]; party crasher,

interloper. trail of a red herring; opponent &c. 710. V. hinder,

impede, filibuster [U.S.], impedite[obs3], embarrass. keep off, stave

off, ward off; obviate; avert, antevert|; turn aside, draw off,

prevent, forefend, nip in the bud; retard, slacken, check, let;

counteract, countercheck[obs3]; preclude, debar, foreclose, estop[Law];

inhibit &c. 761; shackle &c. (restrain) 751; restrict. obstruct, stop,

stay, bar, bolt, lock; block, block up; choke off; belay, barricade;

block the way, bar the way, stop the way; forelay[obs3]; dam up &c.

(close) 261; put on the brake &c. n.; scotch the wheel, lock the wheel,

put a spoke in the wheel; put a stop to &c. 142; traverse, contravene;

interrupt, intercept; oppose &c. 708; hedge in, hedge round; cut off;

inerclude|. interpose, interfere, intermeddle &c. 682. cramp, hamper;

clog, clog the wheels; cumber; encumber, incumber; handicap; choke;

saddle with, load with; overload, lay; lumber, trammel, tie one's

hands, put to inconvenience; incommode, discommode; discompose; hustle,

corner, drive into a corner. run foul of, fall foul of; cross the path

of, break in upon. thwart, frustrate, disconcert, balk, foil; faze,

feaze[obs3], feeze [obs3][U.S.]; baffle, snub, override, circumvent;

defeat &c. 731; spike guns &c. (render useless) 645; spoil, mar, clip

the wings of; cripple &c. (injure) 659; put an extinguisher on; damp;

dishearten &c (dissuade) 616; discountenance, throw cold water on,

spoil sport; lay a wet blanket, throw a wet blanket on; cut the ground

from under one, take the wind out of one's sails, undermine; be in the

way of, stand in the way of; act as a drag; hang like a millstone round

one's neck. Adj. hindering &c. v.; obstructive, obstruent[obs3];

impeditive[obs3], impedient[obs3]; intercipient|; prophylactic &c.

(remedial) 662; impedimentary. in the way of, unfavorable; onerous,

burdensome; cumbrous, cumbersome; obtrusive. hindered &c v.;

windbound[obs3], waterlogged, heavy laden; hard pressed. unassisted &c.

(see assist &c. 707); single-handed, alone; deserted &c. 624. Phr.

occurrent nubes[Lat].

#707. Aid.—N. aid, aidance[obs3]; assistance, help, opitulation|,

succor; support, lift, advance, furtherance, promotion; coadjuvancy &c.

(cooperation) 709[obs3]. patronage, championship, countenance, favor,

interest, advocacy. sustentation, subvention, alimentation, nutrition,

nourishment; eutrophy; manna in the wilderness; food &c. 298; means &c.

632. ministry, ministration; subministration[obs3]; accommodation.

relief, rescue; help at a dead lift; supernatural aid; deus ex

machina[Lat]. supplies, reinforcements, reenforcements[obs3], succors,

contingents, recruits; support &c. (physical) 215; adjunct, ally &c.

(helper) 711. V. aid, assist, help, succor, lend one's aid; come to the

aid &c. n. of; contribute, subscribe to; bring aid, give aid, furnish

aid, afford aid, supply aid &c. n.; give a helping hand, stretch a

hand, lend a helping hand, lend a hand, bear a helping hand, hold out a

hand, hold out a helping hand; give one a life, give one a cast, give

one a turn; take by the hand, take in tow; help a lame dog over a

stile, lend wings to. relieve, rescue; set up, set agoing[obs3], set on

one's legs; bear through, pull through; give new life to, be the making

of; reinforce, reenforce, recruit; set forward, put forward, push

forward; give a lift, give a shove, give an impulse to; promote,

further, forward, advance expedite, speed, quicken, hasten. support,

sustain, uphold, prop, hold up, bolster. cradle, nourish; nurture,

nurse, dry nurse, suckle, put out to nurse; manure, cultivate, force;

foster, cherish, foment; feed the flame, fan the flame. serve; do

service to, tender to, pander to; administer to, subminister to[obs3],

minister to; tend, attend, wait on; take care of &c. 459; entertain;

smooth the bed of death. oblige, accommodate, consult the wishes of;

humor, cheer, encourage. second, stand by; back, back up; pay the

piper, abet; work for, make interest for, stick up for, take up the

cudgels for; take up the cause of, espouse the cause of, adopt the

cause of; advocate, beat up for recruits, press into the service;

squire, give moral support to, keep in countenance, countenance,

patronize; lend oneself to, lend one's countenance to; smile upon,

shine upon; favor, befriend, take in hand, enlist under the banners of;

side with &c. (cooperate) 709. be of use to; subserve &c. (instrument)

631; benefit &c. 648; render a service &c. (utility) 644; conduce &c.

(tend) 176. Adj. aiding &c. v.; auxiliary, adjuvant, helpful;

coadjuvant &c. 709[obs3]; subservient, ministrant, ancillary,

accessory, subsidiary. at one's beck, at one's beck and call; friendly,

amicable, favorable, propitious, well-disposed; neighborly; obliging

&c. (benevolent) 906. Adv. with the aid, by the aid &c. of; on behalf

of, in behalf of; in aid of, in the service of, in the name of, in

favor of, in furtherance of; on account of; for the sake of, on the

part of; non obstante[Lat]. Int. help! save us! to the rescue! Phr.

alterum alterius auxilio eget [Lat][Sallust]; "God befriend us as our

cause is just" [Henry IV]; at your service.

#708. Opposition.—N.. opposition, antagonism; oppugnancy[obs3],

oppugnation[obs3]; impugnation|!; contrariety; contravention;

counteraction &c. 179; counterplot. cross fire, undercurrent, head

wind. clashing, collision, conflict. competition, two of a trade,

rivalry, emulation, race. absence of aid &c. 708; resistance &c. 719;

restraint &c. 751; hindrance &c. 706. V. oppose, counteract, run

counter to; withstand &c. (resist) 719; control &c. (restrain) 751;

hinder &c. 706; antagonize, oppugn, fly in the face of, go dead

against, kick against, fall afoul of, run afoul of; set against, pit

against; face, confront, cope with; make a stand, make a dead set

against; set oneself against, set one's face against; protest against,

vote against, raise one's voice against; disfavor, turn one's back

upon; set at naught, slap in the face, slam the door in one's face. be

at cross purposes; play at cross purposes; counterwork[obs3],

countermine; thwart, overthwart[obs3]; work against, undermine. stem,

breast, encounter; stem the tide, breast the tide, stem the current,

stem the flood; buffet the waves; beat up against, make head against;

grapple with; kick against the pricks &c. (resist) 719; contend &c.

720; do battle &c. (warfare) 722 -with, do battle against. contradict,

contravene; belie; go against, run against, beat against, militate

against; come in conflict with. emulate &c. (compete) 720; rival, spoil

one's trade. Adj. opposing, opposed &c.v.; adverse, antagonistic;

contrary &c. 14; at variance &c. 24; at issue, at war with.

unfavorable, unfriendly; hostile, inimical, cross, unpropitious. in

hostile array, front to front, with crossed bayonets, at daggers drawn;

up in arms; resistant &c. 719. competitive, emulous. Adv. against,

versus, counter to, in conflict with, at cross purposes. against the

grain, against the current, against the stream, against the wind,

against the tide; with a headwind; with the wind ahead, with the wind

in one's teeth. in spite, in despite, in defiance; in the way, in the

teeth of, in the face of; across; athwart, overthwart[obs3]; where the

shoe pinches; in spite of one's teeth. though &c. 30; even; quand

meme[Fr]; per contra. Phr. nitor in adversum[Lat].

#709. Cooperation.—N. cooperation; coadjuvancy[obs3],

coadjutancy[obs3]; coagency[obs3], coefficiency[obs3]; concert,

concurrence, complicity, participation; union &c. 43; additivity,

combination &c. 48; collusion. association, alliance,

colleagueship[obs3], joint stock, copartnership[obs3]; cartel;

confederation &c. (party) 712; coalition, fusion; a long pull a strong

pull and a pull all together; logrolling, freemasonry. unanimity &c.

(assent) 488; esprit de corps, party spirit; clanship[obs3],

partisanship; concord &c 714. synergy, coaction[obs3]. V. cooperate,

concur; coact[obs3], synergize. conduce &c. 178; combine, unite one's

efforts; keep together, draw together, pull together, club together,

hand together, hold together, league together, band together, be banded

together; pool; stand shoulder to shoulder, put shoulder to shoulder;

act in concert, join forces, fraternize, cling to one another,

conspire, concert, lay one's heads together; confederate, be in league

with; collude, understand one another, play into the hands of, hunt in

couples. side with, take side with, go along with, go hand in hand

with, join hands with, make common cause with, strike in with, unite

with, join with, mix oneself up with, take part with, cast in one's lot

with; join partnership, enter into partnership with; rally round,

follow the lead of; come to, pass over to, come into the views of; be

in the same boat, row in the same boat; sail in the same boat; sail on

the same tack. be a party to, lend oneself to; chip in; participate;

have a hand in, have a finger in the pie; take part in, bear part in;

second &c. (aid) 707; take the part of, play the game of; espouse a

cause, espouse a quarrel. Adj. cooperating &c. v.; in cooperation

&c.n., in league &c. (party) 712; coadjuvant[obs3], coadjutant[obs3];

dyed in the wool; cooperative; additive; participative; coactive[obs3],

synergetic, synergistic. favorable &c. 707 to; unopposed &c. 708. Adv.

as one &c. (unanimously) 488; shoulder to shoulder; synergistically;

cooperatively. Phr. due teste valgono piu che una sola [It].

#710. Opponent.—N. opponent, antagonist, adversary; adverse party,

#

opposition; enemy &c. 891; the other side; assailant.

oppositionist, obstructive; brawler, wrangler, brangler[obs3],

disputant; filibuster [U.S.], obstructionist.

malcontent; Jacobin, Fenian; demagogue, reactionist[obs3].

rival, competitor.

bete noir[Fr].

#711. Auxiliary.—N. auxiliary; recruit; assistant; adjuvant,

adjutant; ayudante[obs3], coaid[obs3]; adjunct; help, helper, help

mate, helping hand; midwife; colleague, partner, mate, confrere,

cooperator; coadjutor, coadjutrix[obs3]; collaborator. ally; friend &c.

890, confidant, fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], pal, buddy, alter ego.

[criminal law] confederate; accomplice; complice; accessory, accessory

after the fact; particeps criminis[Lat]; socius criminis[Lat].

aide-de-camp, secretary, clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-

hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher, gofer;

candle-holder, bottle-holder; handmaid; servant &c. 746; puppet,

cat's-paw, jackal|!. tool, dupe, stooge, ame damnee[Fr]; satellite,

adherent. votary; sectarian, secretary; seconder, backer, upholder,

abettor, advocate, partisan, champion, patron, friend at court,

mediator; angel [theater, entertainment]. friend in need, Jack at a

pinch, deus ex machina[Lat], guardian angel, tutelary genius.

#712. Party.—N. party, faction, side, denomination, communion, set,

crew, band. horde, posse, phalanx; family, clan, &c. 166; team; tong.

council &c. 696. community, body, fellowship, sodality, solidarity;

confraternity; familistere[obs3], familistery[obs3]; brotherhood,

sisterhood. knot, gang, clique, ring, circle, group, crowd, in-crowd;

coterie, club, casino|!; machine; Tammany, Tammany Hall [U.S.].

corporation, corporate body, guild; establishment, company;

copartnership[obs3], partnership; firm, house; joint concern,

joint-stock company; cahoot, combine [U.S.], trust. society,

association; institute, institution; union; trades union; league,

syndicate, alliance, Verein[Ger], Bund[Ger], Zollverein[Ger],

combination; Turnverein[Ger]; league offensive and defensive, alliance

offensive and defensive; coalition; federation; confederation,

confederacy; junto, cabal, camarilla[obs3], camorra[obs3], brigue|;

freemasonry; party spirit &c. (cooperation) 709. Confederates,

Conservatives, Democrats, Federalists, Federals, Freemason, Knight

Templar; Kuklux, Kuklux Klan, KKK; Liberals, Luddites, Republicans,

Socialists, Tories, Whigs &c. staff; dramatis personae[Lat]. V. unite,

join; club together &c. (cooperate) 709; cement a party, form a party

&c. n.; associate &c. (assemble) 72; enleague[obs3], federalize, go

cahoots. Adj. in league, in partnership, in alliance &c. n. bonded

together, banded together, linked &c. (joined) 43- together; embattled;

confederated, federative, joint. Adv. hand in hand, side by side,

shoulder to shoulder, en masse, in the same boat.

#713. Discord.—N. disagreement &c. 24; discord, disaccord[obs3],

dissidence, dissonance; jar, clash, shock; jarring, jostling &c. v.;

screw loose. variance, difference, dissension, misunderstanding, cross

purposes, odds, brouillerie[Fr]; division, split, rupture, disruption,

division in the camp, house divided against itself, disunion, breach;

schism &c. (dissent) 489; feud, faction. quarrel, dispute, tiff,

tracasserie[obs3], squabble, altercation, barney *[obs3], demel, snarl,

spat, towrow[obs3], words, high words; wrangling &c. v.; jangle,

brabble[obs3], cross questions and crooked answers, snip-snap; family

jars. polemics; litigation; strife &c. (contention) 720; warfare &c.

722; outbreak, open rupture, declaration of war. broil, brawl, row,

racket, hubbub, rixation|; embroilment, embranglement[obs3], imbroglio,

fracas, breach of the peace, piece of work[Fr], scrimmage, rumpus;

breeze, squall; riot, disturbance &c (disorder) 59; commotion &c.

(agitation) 315; bear garden, Donnybrook, Donnybrook Fair. subject of

dispute, ground of quarrel, battle ground, disputed point; bone of

contention, bone to pick; apple of discord, casus belli[Lat]; question

at issue &c. (subject of inquiry) 461; vexed question, vexata

quaestio[Lat], brand of discord. troublous times[obs3]; cat-and-dog

life; contentiousness &c. adj.; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; Kilkenny

cats; disputant &c. 710; strange bedfellows. V. be discordant &c. adj.;

disagree, come amiss &c. 24; clash, jar, jostle, pull different ways,

conflict, have no measures with, misunderstand one another; live like

cat and dog; differ; dissent &c. 489; have a bone to pick, have a crow

to pluck with. fall out, quarrel, dispute; litigate; controvert &c.

(deny) 536; squabble, wrangle, jangle, brangle[obs3], bicker, nag; spar

&c. (contend) 720; have words &c. n. with; fall foul of. split; break

with, break squares with, part company with; declare war, try

conclusions; join issue, put in issue; pick a quarrel, fasten a quarrel

on; sow dissension, stir up dissension &c. n.; embroil, entangle,

disunite, widen the breach; set at odds, set together by the ears; set

against, pit against. get into hot water, fish in troubled waters,

brawl; kick up a row, kick up a dust; turn the house out of window.

Adj. discordant; disagreeing &c. v.; out of tune, ajar, on bad terms,

dissentient &c. 489; unreconciled, unpacified; contentious &c. 720.

quarrelsome, unpacific[obs3]; gladiatorial, controversial, polemic,

disputatious; factious; litigious, litigant; pettifogging. at odds, at

loggerheads, at daggers drawn, at variance, at issue, at cross

purposes, at sixes and sevens, at feud, at high words; up in arms,

together by the ears, in hot water, embroiled. torn, disunited. Phr.

quot homines tot sententiae [Lat][Terence]; no love lost between them,

non nostrum tantas componere lites [Lat][Vergil]; Mars gravior sub

pace latet [Lat][Claudius].

#714. Concord.—N. concord, accord, harmony, symphony; homologue;

agreement &c. 23; sympathy, empathy &c. (love) 897; response; union,

unison, unity; bonds of harmony; peace &c. 721; unanimity &c. (assent)

488; league &c. 712; happy family. rapprochement; reunion; amity &c.

(friendship) 888; alliance, entente cordiale[Fr], good understanding,

conciliation, peacemaker; intercessor, mediator. V. agree &c. 23;

accord, harmonize with; fraternize; be -concordant &c. adj.; go hand in

hand; run parallel &c. (concur) 178; understand one another, pull

together &c. (cooperate) 709; put up one's horses together, sing in

chorus. side with, sympathize with, go with, chime in with, fall in

with; come round; be pacified &c. 723; assent &c. 488; empathize with,

enter into the ideas of, enter into the feelings of; reciprocate.

hurler avec les loups[Fr]; go with the stream, swim with the stream.

keep in good humor, render accordant, put in tune; come to an

understanding, meet halfway; keep the peace, remain at peace. Adj.

concordant, congenial; agreeing &c.v.; in accord &c. n.; harmonious,

united, cemented; banded together &c. 712; allied; friendly &c. 888;

fraternal; conciliatory; at one with; of one mind &c. (assent) 488. at

peace, in still water; tranquil &c. (pacific) 721. Adv. with one voice

&c. (assent) 488; in concert with, hand in hand; on one's side. Phr.

commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat][obs3].

#715. Defiance.—N. defiance; daring &. v.; dare; challenge,

#

cartel|!; threat &c. 909; war cry, war whoop.

chest-beating, chest-thumping; saber rattling.

V. defy, dare, beard; brave &c. (courage) 861; bid defiance to;

set at

defiance, set at naught; hurl defiance at; dance the war dance, beat

the

war drums; snap the fingers at, laugh to scorn; disobey &c. 742.

show fight, show one's teeth, show a bold front; bluster, look

big,

stand akimbo, beat one's chest; double the fist, shake the fist;

threaten

&c. 909.

challenge, call out; throw down the gauntlet, fling down the

gauntlet,

fling down the gage, fling down the glove, throw down the glove.

Adj. defiant; defying &c. v.;"with arms akimbo".

Adv. in defiance of, in the teeth of; under one's very nose.

Int. do your worst! come if you dare! come on! marry come up!

hoity

toity|!

Phr. noli me tangere[Lat]; nemo me impune lacessit[Lat]; don't

tread

on me; don't you dare; don't even think of it; "Go ahead, make my day!"

[Dirty Harry].

#716. Attack.—N. attack; assault, assault and battery; onset,

#

onslaught, charge.

aggression, offense; incursion, inroad, invasion; irruption;

outbreak;

estrapade[obs3], ruade[obs3]; coupe de main, sally, sortie,

camisade[obs3],

raid, foray; run at, run against; dead set at.

storm, storming; boarding, escalade[obs3]; siege, investment,

obsession|!, bombardment, cannonade.

fire, volley; platoon fire, file fire; fusillade; sharpshooting,

broadside; raking fire, cross fire; volley of grapeshot, whiff of the

grape, feu d'enfer [Fr].

cut, thrust, lunge, pass, passado[obs3], carte and

tierce[Fr][obs3],

home thrust; coupe de bec[Fr]; kick, punch &c. (impulse) 276.

battue[obs3], razzia[obs3], Jacquerie, dragonnade[obs3];

devastation

&c. 162; eboulement[Fr].

assailant, aggressor, invader.

base of operations, point of attack; echelon.

V. attack, assault, assail; invade; set upon, fall upon; charge,

impugn, break a lance with, enter the lists.

assume the offensive, take the offensive; be the aggressor, become

the

aggressor; strike the first blow, draw first blood, throw the first

stone

at; lift a hand against, draw the sword against; take up the cudgels;

advance against, march against; march upon, harry; come on, show

fight.

strike at, poke at, thrust at; aim a blow at, deal a blow at; give

one

a blow, fetch one a blow, fetch one a kick, give one a kick; have a cut

at,

have a shot at, take a cut at, take a shot at, have a fling at, have a

shy

at; be down upon, pounce upon; fall foul of, pitch into, launch out

against; bait, slap on the face; make a thrust at, make a pass at, make

a

set at, make a dead set at; bear down upon.

close with, come to close quarters;

bring to bay.

ride full tilt against; attack tooth and nail, go at hammer and

tongs.

let fly at, dash at, run a tilt at, rush at, tilt at, run at, fly

at,

hawk at, have at, let out at; make a dash, make a rush at; strike

home;

drive one hard; press one hard; be hard upon, run down, strike at the

root

of.

lay about one, run amuck.

aim at, draw a bead on [U.S.].

fire upon, fire at, fire a shot at; shoot at, pop at, level at,

let

off a gun at; open fire, pepper, bombard, shell, pour a broadside into;

fire a volley, fire red-hot shot; spring a mine.

throw a stone, throw stones at; stone, lapidate[obs3], pelt; hurl

at,

hurl against, hurl at the head of; rock

beset[U.S.], besiege, beleaguer; lay siege to, invest, open the

trenches, plant a battery, sap, mine; storm, board, scale the walls.

cut and thrust, bayonet, butt; kick, strike &c. (impulse) 276;

whip

&c. (punish) 972.

[attack verbally] assail, impugn; malign (detract) 934.

bomb, rocket, blast.

Adj. attacking &c.v.; aggressive, offensive, obsidional[obs3].

up in arms.

Adv. on the offensive.

Int. "up and at them!"

Phr. "the din of arms, the yell of savage rage, the shriek of

agony,

the groan of death" [Southey]; "their fatal hands no second stroke

intend"

[Paradise Lost]; "thirst for glory quells the love of life" [Addison].

#717. Defense—N. defense, protection, guard, ward; shielding &c.v.;

propugnation|, preservation &c. 670; guardianship. area defense; site

defense. self-defense, self-preservation; resistance &c. 719. safeguard

&c. (safety) 664; balistraria[obs3]; bunker, screen &c. (shelter) 666;

camouflage &c. (concealment) 530; fortification; munition,

muniment[obs3]; trench, foxhole; bulwark, fosse[obs3], moat, ditch,

entrenchment, intrenchment[obs3]; kila[obs3]; dike, dyke; parapet, sunk

fence, embankment, mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment; earth work,

field-work; fence, wall dead wall, contravallation[obs3]; paling &c.

(inclosure) 232; palisade, haha, stockade, stoccado[obs3],

laager[obs3], sangar[obs3]; barrier, barricade; boom; portcullis,

chevaux de frise[Fr]; abatis, abattis[obs3], abbatis[obs3];

vallum[obs3], circumvallation[obs3], battlement, rampart, scarp;

escarp[obs3], counter-scarp; glacis, casemate[obs3]; vallation[obs3],

vanfos[obs3]. buttress, abutment; shore &c. (support) 215. breastwork,

banquette, curtain, mantlet[obs3], bastion, redan[obs3], ravelin[obs3];

vauntmure[obs3]; advance work, horn work, outwork; barbacan[obs3],

barbican; redoubt; fort-elage[Fr], fort-alice; lines. loophole,

machicolation[obs3]; sally port. hold, stronghold, fastness; asylum &c.

(refuge) 666; keep, donjon, dungeon, fortress, citadel, capitol,

castle; tower of strength, tower of strength; fort, barracoon[obs3],

pah[obs3], sconce, martello tower[obs3], peelhouse[obs3], blockhouse,

rath[obs3]; wooden walls. [body armor] bulletproof vest, armored vest,

buffer, corner stone, fender, apron, mask, gauntlet, thimble, carapace,

armor, shield, buckler, aegis, breastplate, backplate[obs3],

cowcatcher, face guard, scutum[obs3], cuirass, habergeon[obs3], mail,

coat of mail, brigandine[obs3], hauberk, lorication[obs3], helmet,

helm, bassinet, salade[obs3], heaume[obs3], morion[obs3],

murrion[obs3], armet[obs3], cabaset[obs3], vizor[obs3],

casquetel[obs3], siege cap, headpiece, casque, pickelhaube,

vambrace[obs3], shako &c. (dress) 225. bearskin; panoply; truncheon &c.

(weapon) 727. garrison, picket, piquet; defender, protector; guardian

&c. (safety) 664; bodyguard, champion; knight-errant, Paladin;

propugner[obs3]. bulletproof window. hardened site. V. defend, forfend,

fend; shield, screen, shroud; engarrison[obs3]; fend round &c.

(circumscribe) 229; fence, entrench, intrench[obs3]; guard &c. (keep

safe) 664; guard against; take care of &c. (vigilance) 459; bear

harmless; fend off, keep off, ward off, beat off, beat back; hinder &c.

706. parry, repel, propugn[obs3], put to flight; give a warm reception

to [ironical]; hold at bay, keep at bay, keep arm's length. stand on

the defensive, act on the defensive; show fight; maintain one's ground,

stand one's ground; stand by; hold one's own; bear the brunt, stand the

brunt; fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap. Adj. defending &c.v.;

defensive; mural|!; armed, armed at all points, armed cap-a-pie, armed

to the teeth; panoplied[obs3]; iron-plated, ironclad; loopholed,

castellated, machicolated[obs3], casemated[obs3]; defended &c.v.; proof

against. armored, ballproof|!, bulletproof; hardened. Adv. defensively;

on the defense, on the defensive; in defense; at bay, pro aris et

focis[obs3][Lat]. Int. no surrender! Phr. defense not defiance; Dieu

defend le droit [Fr]; fidei defensor [Lat: defender of the faith].

#718. Retaliation.—N. retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback;

counter-stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project;

retribution, lex talionis[Lat]; reciprocation &c. (reciprocity) 12. tit

for tat, give and take, blow for blow, quid pro quo, a Roland for an

Oliver, measure for measure, diamond cut diamond, the biter bit, a game

at which two can play; reproof valiant, retort courteous. recrimination

&c. (accusation) 938; revenge &c. 919; compensation &c. 30; reaction

&c. (recoil) 277. V. retaliate, retort, turn upon; pay, pay off, pay

back; pay in one's own coin, pay in the same coin; cap; reciprocate &c.

148; turn the tables upon, return the compliment; give a quid pro quo

&c. n., give as much as one takes, give as good as one gets; give and

take, exchange fisticuffs; be quits, be even with; pay off old scores.

serve one right, be hoist on one's own petard, throw a stone in one's

own garden, catch a Tartar. Adj. retaliating &c. v.; retaliatory,

retaliative; talionic[obs3]. Adv. in retaliation; en revanche. Phr.

mutato nomine de te fabula narratur [Lat][Horace]; par pari refero

[Lat][Terence]; tu quoque[Lat: you too]; you're another; suo sibi

gladio hunc jugulo [Lat]; a beau jeu beau retour[Fr]; litem [Lat]. . .

lite resolvit [Lat][Horace].

#719. Resistance.—N. resistance, stand, front, oppugnation[obs3];

oppugnancy[obs3]; opposition &c. 708; renitence[obs3], renitency;

reluctation[obs3], recalcitration[obs3]; kicking &c. v. repulse,

rebuff. insurrection &c. (disobedience) 742; strike; turn out, lock

out, barring out; levee en masse[Fr], Jacquerie; riot &c. (disorder)

59. V. resist; not submit &c. 725; repugn[obs3], reluct,

reluctate[obs3], withstand; stand up against, strive against, bear up

under, bear up against, be proof against, make head against; stand,

stand firm, stand one's ground, stand the brunt of, stand out; hold

one's grounds, hold one's own, hold out, hold firm. breast the wave,

breast the current; stem the tide, stem the torrent; face, confront,

grapple with; show a bold front &c. (courage) 861; present a front;

make a stand, take one's stand. kick, kick against; recalcitrate[obs3],

kick against the pricks; oppose &c. 708; fly in the face of; lift the

hand against &c. (attack) 716; rise up in arms &c. (war) 722; strike,

turn out; draw up a round robin &c. (remonstrate) 932; revolt &c.

(disobey) 742; make a riot. prendre le mors aux dents [French: take the

bit between the teeth]; sell one's life dearly, die hard, keep at bay;

repel, repulse. Adj. resisting &c.v.; resistive, resistant; refractory

&c. (disobedient) 742; recalcitrant, renitent; up in arms. repulsive,

repellant. proof against; unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; stubborn,

unconquered; indomitable &c. (persevering) 604a; unyielding &c.

(obstinate) 606. Int. hands off! keep off!

#720. Contention.—N. contention, strife; contest,

contestation[obs3]; struggle; belligerency; opposition &c. 708.

controversy, polemics; debate &c. (discussion) 476; war of words,

logomachy[obs3], litigation; paper war; high words &c. (quarrel) 713;

sparring &c. v. competition, rivalry; corrivalry[obs3],

corrivalship[obs3], agonism|, concours[obs3], match, race, horse

racing, heat, steeple chase, handicap; regatta; field day; sham fight,

Derby day; turf, sporting, bullfight, tauromachy[obs3], gymkhana[obs3];

boat race, torpids[obs3]. wrestling, greco-roman wrestling; pugilism,

boxing, fisticuffs, the manly art of self-defense; spar, mill, set-to,

round, bout, event, prize fighting; quarterstaff, single stick;

gladiatorship[obs3], gymnastics; jiujitsu, jujutsu, kooshti[obs3],

sumo; athletics, athletic sports; games of skill &c. 840. shindy[obs3];

fracas &c. (discord) 713; clash of arms; tussle, scuffle, broil, fray;

affray, affrayment|; velitation|; colluctation|, luctation[obs3];

brabble[obs3], brigue|, scramble, melee, scrimmage, stramash[obs3],

bushfighting[obs3]. free fight, stand up fight, hand to hand, running

fight. conflict, skirmish; rencounter[obs3], encounter;

rencontre[obs3], collision, affair, brush, fight; battle, battle royal;

combat, action, engagement, joust, tournament; tilt, tilting [medieval

times]; tournay[obs3], list; pitched battle. death struggle, struggle

for life or death, life or death struggle, Armageddon[obs3]. hard

knocks, sharp contest, tug of war. naval engagement, naumachia[obs3],

sea fight. duel, duello[It]; single combat, monomachy[obs3],

satisfaction, passage d'armes[Fr], passage of arms, affair of honor;

triangular duel; hostile meeting, digladiation[obs3]; deeds of arms,

feats of arms; appeal to arms &c. (warfare) 722. pugnacity;

combativeness &c. adj.; bone of contention &c. 713. V. contend;

contest, strive, struggle, scramble, wrestle; spar, square; exchange

blows, exchange fisticuffs; fib|!, justle[obs3], tussle, tilt, box,

stave, fence; skirmish; pickeer[obs3]; fight &c. (war) 722; wrangle &c.

(quarrel) 713. contend &c. with, grapple with, engage with, close with,

buckle with, bandy with, try conclusions with, have a brush &c. n.

with, tilt with; encounter, fall foul of, pitch into,

clapperclaw[obs3], run a tilt at; oppose &c. 708; reluct. join issue,

come to blows, go to loggerheads, set to, come to the scratch, exchange

shots, measure swords, meet hand to hand; take up the cudgels, take up

the glove, take up the gauntlet; enter the lists; couch one's lance;

give satisfaction; appeal to arms &c. (warfare) 722. lay about one;

break the peace. compete with, cope with, vie with, race with;

outvie[obs3], emulate, rival; run a race; contend &c. for, stipulate

for, stickle for; insist upon, make a point of. Adj. contending &c. v.;

together by the ears, at loggerheads at war at issue. competitive,

rival; belligerent; contentious, combative, bellicose,

unpeaceful[obs3]; warlike &c. 722; quarrelsome &c. 901; pugnacious;

pugilistic, gladiatorial; palestric[obs3], palestrical[obs3]. Phr. a

verbis ad verbera[Lat]; a word and a blow; "a very pretty quarrel as it

stands" [Sheridan]; commune periculum concordiam parit[Lat]; lis litem

generat[Lat].

#721. Peace.—N. peace; amity &c. (friendship) 888; harmony &c.

#

(concord) 714; tranquility, calm &c. (quiescence) 265; truce, peace

treaty,

accord &c. (pacification) 723; peace pipe, pipe of peace, calumet of

peace.

piping time of peace, quiet life; neutrality.

[symbol of peace] dove of peace, white dove.

[person who favors peace] dove.

pax Romana[Lat]; Pax Americana[Lat][obs3].

V. be at peace; keep the peace &c. (concord) 714.

make peace &c. 723.

Adj. pacific; peaceable, peaceful; calm, tranquil, untroubled,

halcyon; bloodless; neutral.

dovish

Phr. the storm blown over; the lion lies down with the lamb; "all

quiet on the Potomac"; paritur pax bello [Lat][Nepos]; "peace hath her

victories no less renowned than war" [Milton]; "they make a desert and

they

call it peace".

#722. Warfare.—N. warfare; fighting &c.v.; hostilities; war, arms,

the sword; Mars, Bellona, grim visaged war, horrida bella[Lat];

bloodshed. appeal to arms, appeal to the sword; ordeal of battle; wager

of battle; ultima ratio regum[Lat], arbitrament of the sword. battle

array, campaign, crusade, expedition, operations; mobilization; state

of siege; battlefield, theater of operations &c. (arena) 728; warpath.

art of war, tactics, strategy, castrametation[obs3]; generalship;

soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics, gunnery;

chivalry. gunpowder, shot. battle, tug of war &c. (contention) 720;

service, campaigning, active service, tented field; kriegspiel[Ger],

Kriegsspiel[Ger]; fire cross, trumpet, clarion, bugle, pibroch[obs3],

slogan; war-cry, war-whoop; battle cry, beat of drum, rappel, tom-tom;

calumet of war; word of command; password, watchword; passage

d-armes[Fr]. war to the death, war to the knife; guerre a mort[Fr],

guerre a outrance[Fr][obs3]; open war, internecine war, civil war. V.

arm; raise troops, mobilize troops; raise up in arms; take up the

cudgels &c. 720; take up arms, fly to arms, appeal to arms, fly to the

sword; draw the sword, unsheathe the sword; dig up the hatchet, dig up

the tomahawk; go to war, wage war, 'let slip the dogs of war' [Julius

Caesar]; cry havoc; kindle the torch of war, light the torch of war;

raise one's banner, raise the fire cross; hoist the black flag; throw

away, fling away the scabbard; enroll, enlist; take the field; take the

law into one's own hands; do battle, give battle, join battle, engage

in battle, go to battle; flesh one's sword; set to, fall to, engage,

measure swords with, draw the trigger, cross swords; come to blows,

come to close quarters; fight; combat; contend &c. 720; battle with,

break a lance with. [pirates engage in battle] raise the jolly roger,

run up the jolly roger. serve; see service, be on service, be on active

service; campaign; wield the sword, shoulder a musket, smell powder, be

under fire; spill blood, imbrue the hands in blood; on the warpath.

carry on war, carry on hostilities; keep the field; fight the good

fight; fight it out, fight like devils, fight one's way, fight hand to

hand; sell one's life dearly; pay the ferryman's fee. Adj. contending,

contentious &c. 720; armed, armed to the teeth, armed cap-a-pie; sword

in hand; in arms, under arms, up in arms; at war with; bristling with

arms; in battle array, in open arms, in the field; embattled; battled.

unpacific[obs3], unpeaceful[obs3]; belligerent, combative,

armigerous[obs3], bellicose, martial, warlike; military, militant;

soldier- like, soldierly. chivalrous; strategical, internecine. Adv.

flagrante bello[Lat], in the thick of the fray, in the cannon's mouth;

at the sword's point, at the point of the bayonet. Int. vae

victis[Lat]! to arms! to your tents O Israel! Phr. the battle rages; a

la guerre comme a la guerre[Fr]; bis peccare in bello non

licet[Lat][obs3]; jus gladii[Lat]; "my voice is still for war"

[Addison]; "'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow

fond of it" [Robert E. Lee]; "my sentence is for open war" [Milton];

"pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war" [Othello]; "the cannons

have their bowels full of wrath" [King John]; "the cannons . . .spit

forth their iron indignation" [King John]; "the fire-eyed maid of smoky

war" [Henry IV]; silent leges inter arma [Lat][Cicero]; si vis pacem

para bellum[Lat].

#723. Pacification.—N. pacification, conciliation; reconciliation,

reconcilement; shaking of hands, accommodation, arrangement,

adjustment; terms, compromise; amnesty, deed of release. peace

offering; olive branch; calumet of peace, preliminaries of peace.

truce, armistice; suspension of arms, suspension of hostilities,

stand-down; breathing time; convention; modus vivendi[Lat]; flag of

truce, white flag, parlementaire[Fr], cartel|!. hollow truce, pax in

bello[Lat]; drawn battle. V. pacify, tranquilize, compose; allay &c.

(moderate) 174; reconcile, propitiate, placate, conciliate, meet

halfway, hold out the olive branch, heal the breach, make peace,

restore harmony, bring to terms. settle matters, arrange matters,

accommodate matters, accommodate differences; set straight; make up a

quarrel, tantas componere lites[Lat]; come to an understanding, come to

terms; bridge over, hush up; make it, make matters up; shake hands;

mend one's fences [U.S.]. raise a siege, lift a siege; put up the

sword, sheathe the sword; bury the hatchet, lay down one's arms, turn

swords into plowshares; smoke the calumet of peace, close the temple of

Janus; keep the peace &c. (concord) 714; be pacified &c.; come round.

Adj. conciliatory; composing &c.v.; pacified &c.v. Phr. requiescat in

pace[Lat].

#724. Mediation.—N. mediation, mediatorship[obs3],

mediatization[obs3]; intervention, interposition, interference,

intermeddling, intercession; arbitration; flag of truce &c. 723; good

offices, peace offering; parley, negotiation; diplomatics[obs3],

diplomacy; compromise &c. 774. [person who mediates] mediator,

arbitrator, intercessor, peacemaker, makepeace[obs3], negotiator,

go-between; diplomatist &c. (consignee) 758; moderator; propitiator;

umpire. V. mediate, mediatize[obs3]; intercede, interpose, interfere,

intervene; step in, negotiate; meet halfway; arbitrate; magnas

componere lites[Lat]. bargain &c. 794 Adj. mediatory.

#725. Submission.—N. submission, yielding; nonresistance; obedience

&c. 743. surrender, cession, capitulation, resignation; backdown[obs3].

obeisance, homage, kneeling, genuflexion[obs3], courtesy, curtsy,

kowtow, prostration. V. succumb, submit, yeild, bend, resign, defer to.

lay down one's arms, deliver up one's arms; lower colors, haul down

colors, strike one's flag, strike colors. surrender, surrender at

discretion; cede, capitulate, come to terms, retreat, beat a retreat;

draw in one's horns &c. (humility) 879; give way, give round, give in,

give up; cave in; suffer judgment by default; bend, bend to one's yoke,

bend before the storm; reel back; bend down, knuckle down, knuckle to,

knuckle under; knock under. eat dirt, eat the leek, eat humble pie;

bite the dust, lick the dust; be at one's feet, fall at one's feet;

craven; crouch before, throw oneself at the feet of; swallow the leek,

swallow the pill; kiss the rod; turn the other cheek; avaler les

couleuvres[Fr], gulp down. obey &c. 743; kneel to, bow to, pay homage

to, cringe to, truckle to; bend the neck, bend the knee; kneel, fall on

one's knees, bow submission, courtesy, curtsy, kowtow. pocket the

affront; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; grin and abide,

grin and bear it, shrug the shoulders, resign oneself; submit with a

good grace &c. (bear with) 826. Adj. surrendering &c. v.; submissive,

resigned, crouching; downtrodden; down on one's marrow bones; on one's

bended knee; unresistant, unresisting, nonresisting; pliant &c. (soft)

324; undefended. untenable, indefensible; humble &c. 879. Phr. have it

your own way; it can't be helped; amen &c. (assent) 488; da locum

melioribus[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat].

#726. Combatant.—N. combatant; disputant, controversialist,

polemic, litigant, belligerent; competitor, rival, corrival[obs3];

fighter, assailant; champion, Paladin; mosstrooper[obs3], swashbuckler

fire eater, duelist, bully, bludgeon man, rough. prize fighter,

pugilist, boxer, bruiser, the fancy, gladiator, athlete, wrestler;

fighting-cock, game-cock; warrior, soldier, fighting man, Amazon, man

at arms, armigerent[obs3]; campaigner, veteran; swordsman,

sabreur[obs3], redcoat, military man, Rajput. armed force, troops,

soldiery, military forces, sabaoth[obs3], the army, standing army,

regulars, the line, troops of the line, militia, yeomanry, volunteers,

trainband, fencible[obs3]; auxiliary, bersagliere[obs3], brave;

garde-nationale, garde-royale[Fr]; minuteman [Am. Hist.]; auxiliary

forces, reserve forces; reserves, posse comitatus[Lat], national guard,

gendarme, beefeater; guards, guardsman; yeomen of the guard, life

guards, household troops. janissary; myrmidon; Mama, Mameluke;

spahee[obs3], spahi[obs3], Cossack, Croat, Pandoz. irregular, guerilla,

partisan, condottiere[obs3]; franctireur[Fr], tirailleur[obs3],

bashi-bazouk; vietminh[guerilla organization names: list], vietcong;

shining path; contras; huk, hukbalahap. mercenary, soldier of fortune;

hired gun, gunfighter, gunslinger; bushwhacker, free lance, companion;

Hessian. hit man[criminals specializing in violence: see bad man],

torpedo, soldier. levy, draught; Landwehr[Ger], Landsturm[Ger];

conscript, recruit, cadet, raw levies. infantry, infantryman, private,

private soldier, foot soldier; Tommy Atkins[obs3], rank and file, peon,

trooper, sepoy[obs3], legionnaire, legionary, cannon fodder, food for

powder; officer &c. (commander) 745; subaltern, ensign, standard

bearer; spearman, pikeman[obs3]; spear bearer; halberdier[obs3],

lancer; musketeer, carabineer[obs3], rifleman, jager[Ger],

sharpshooter, yager[obs3], skirmisher; grenadier, fusileer[obs3];

archer, bowman. horse and foot; horse soldier; cavalry, horse,

artillery, horse artillery, light horse, voltigeur[Fr], uhlan, mounted

rifles, dragoon, hussar; light dragoon, heavy dragoon; heavy;

cuirassier[Fr]; Foot Guards, Horse Guards. gunner, cannoneer,

bombardier, artilleryman[obs3], matross[obs3]; sapper, sapper and

miner; engineer; light infantry, rifles,chasseur[Fr], zouave; military

train, coolie. army, corps d'armee[Fr], host, division, battalia[obs3],

column, wing, detachment, garrison, flying column, brigade, regiment,

corps, battalion, sotnia[obs3], squadron, company, platoon, battery,

subdivision, section, squad; piquet, picket, guard, rank, file; legion,

phalanx, cohort; cloud of skirmishers. war horse, charger, destrier.

marine, man-of-war's man &c. (sailor) 269; navy, wooden walls, naval

forces, fleet, flotilla, armada, squadron. [ships of war] man-of-war;

destroyer; submarine; minesweeper; torpedo- boat, torpedo-destroyer;

patrol torpedo boat, PT boat; torpedo-catcher, war castle, H.M.S.;

battleship, battle wagon, dreadnought, line of battle ship, ship of

the line; aircraft carrier, carrier. flattop[coll.]; helicopter

carrier; missile platform, missile boat; ironclad, turret ship, ram,

monitor, floating battery; first-rate, frigate, sloop of war, corvette,

gunboat, bomb vessel; flagship, guard ship, cruiser; armored cruiser,

protected cruiser; privateer. [supporting ships] tender; store ship,

troop ship; transport, catamaran; merchant marine.

#727. Arms.—N. arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament,

armaments, armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor &c. (defense) 717;

armory &c. (store) 636; apparatus belli[Lat]. ammunition; powder,

powder and shot; cartridge; ball cartridge, cartouche, fireball;

"villainous saltpeter" [Hen. IV]; dumdum bullet. explosive; gunpowder,

guncotton; mercury fulminate; picrates; pentaerythritol

tetranitrate[ISA:chemsub][Chemsub], PETN. high explosive;

trinitrotoluene, TNT; dynamite, melinite[obs3], cordite, lyddite,

plastic explosive, plastique; pyroxyline[obs3]. [knives and swords:

list] sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass, falchion[obs3], scimitar,

cimeter[obs3], brand, whinyard, bilbo, glaive[obs3], glave[obs3],

rapier, skean, Toledo, Ferrara, tuck, claymore, adaga[obs3],

baselard[obs3], Lochaber ax, skean dhu[obs3], creese[obs3], kris,

dagger, dirk, banger[obs3], poniard, stiletto, stylet[obs3], dudgeon,

bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side arms, foil, blade, steel; ax,

bill; pole-ax, battle-ax; gisarme[obs3], halberd, partisan, tomahawk,

bowie knife[obs3]; ataghan[obs3], attaghan[obs3], yataghan[obs3];

yatacban[obs3]; assagai, assegai[obs3]; good sword, trusty sword, naked

sword; cold steel. club, mace, truncheon, staff, bludgeon, cudgel, life

preserver, shillelah, sprig; hand staff, quarter staff; bat, cane,

stick, knuckle duster; billy, blackjack, sandbag, waddy[obs3]. gun,

piece[Fr]; firearms; artillery, ordnance; siege train, battering train;

park, battery; cannon, gun of position, heavy gun, field piece[Fr],

mortar, howitzer, carronade[obs3], culverin[obs3], basilisk; falconet,

jingal[obs3], swivel, pederero[obs3], bouche a feu[Fr]; petard,

torpedo; mitrailleur[Fr], mitrailleuse[Fr]; infernal machine; smooth

bore, rifled cannon, Armstrong gun[obs3], Lancaster gun, Paixhan gun,

Whitworth gun, Parrott gun, Krupp gun, Gatling gun, Maxim gun, machine

gun; pompom[obs3]; ten pounder. small arms; musket, musketry,

firelock[obs3], fowling piece[Fr], rifle, fusil[obs3], caliver[obs3],

carbine, blunderbuss, musketoon[obs3], Brown Bess, matchlock,

harquebuss[obs3], arquebus, haguebut[obs3]; pistol, postolet[obs3];

petronel; small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader; revolver, repeater;

Minis rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert rifle, Westley Richards rifle,

Snider rifle, Martini-Henry rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee- Enfield

rifle, Mauser rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot[obs3]; wind

gun, air gun; automatic gun, automatic pistol; escopet[obs3],

escopette[obs3], gunflint, gun-lock; hackbut[obs3], shooter, shooting

iron * [U.S.], six-shooter [U.S.], shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle,

Kalashnikov. bow, crossbow, balister[obs3], catapult, sling; battering

ram &c. (impulse) 276; gunnery; ballistics &c. (propulsion) 284.

missile, bolt, projectile, shot, ball; grape; grape shot, canister

shot, bar shot, cannon shot, langrel shot[obs3], langrage shot[obs3],

round shot, chain shot; balista[obs3], ballista[obs3], slung shot,

trebucbet[obs3], trebucket[obs3]; bullet, slug, stone, brickbat,

grenade, shell, bomb, carcass, rocket; congreve[obs3], congreve

rocket[obs3]; shrapnel, mitraille[Fr]; levin bolt[obs3], levin

brand[obs3]; thunderbolt. pike, lance, spear, spontoon[obs3], javelin,

dart, jereed[obs3], jerid[obs3], arrow, reed, shaft, bolt, boomerang,

harpoon, gaff; eelspear[obs3], oxgoad[obs3], weet-weet, wommerah[obs3];

cattle prod; chemical mace. Phr. en flute; nervos belli pecuniam

infinitam[Lat].

#728. Arena.—N. arena, field, platform; scene of action, theater;

walk, course; hustings; stare, boards &c. (playhouse) 599;

amphitheater; Coliseum, Colosseum; Flavian amphitheater, hippodrome,

circus, race course, corso[Sp], turf, cockpit, bear garden, playground,

gymnasium, palestra, ring, lists; tiltyard[obs3], tilting ground;

Campus Martins, Champ de Allars[obs3]; campus [U.S.]. boxing ring,

canvas. theater of war, seat of war; battle-field, battle-ground; field

of battle, field of slaughter; Aceldama[obs3], camp; the enemy's camp;

trusting place &c. (place of meeting) 74.

SECTION V. RESULTS OF VOLUNTARY ACTION

#729. Completion.—N. completion, accomplishment, achievement,

fulfillment; performance, execution; despatch, dispatch; consummation,

culmination; finish, conclusion; close &c. (end) 67; terminus &c.

(arrival) 292; winding up; finale, denouement, catastrophe, issue,

upshot, result; final touch, last touch, crowning touch, finishing

touch, finishing stroke; last finish, coup de grace; crowning of the

edifice; coping-stone, keystone; missing link &c. 53; superstructure,

ne plus ultra[Lat], work done, fait accompli[Fr]. elaboration;

finality; completeness &c. 52. V. effect[transitive], effectuate;

accomplish, achieve, compass, consummate, hammer out; bring to

maturity, bring to perfection; perfect, complete; elaborate. do,

execute, make; go through, get through; work out, enact; bring about,

bring to bear, bring to pass, bring through, bring to a head.

despatch, dispatch; knock off, finish off, polish off; make short work

of; dispose of, set at rest; perform, discharge, fulfill, realize; put

in practice, put in force; carry out, carry into effect, carry into

execution; make good; be as good as one's word. do thoroughly, not do

by halves, go the whole hog; drive home; be in at the death &c.

(persevere) 604a; carry through, play out, exhaust; fill the bill

[U.S.]. finish, bring to a close &c. (end) 67; wind up, stamp, clinch,

seal, set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch &c.n. to; put

the last, put the finishing hand to, put the finishing touches on;

crown, crown all; cap. [intransitive] ripen, culminate; come to a head,

come to a crisis; come to its end; die a natural death, die of old age;

run its course, run one's race; touch the goal, reach the goal, attain

the goal; reach &c. (arrive) 292; get in the harvest. Adj. completing,

final; concluding, conclusive; crowning &c. v.; exhaustive. done,

completed &c. v.; done for, sped, wrought out; highly wrought &c.

(preparation) 673; thorough &c. 52; ripe &c. (ready) 673. Adv.

completely &c.(thoroughly) 52; to crown all, out of hand. Phr. the race

is run; actum est[Lat]; finis coronat opus[Lat]; consummatum est[Lat];

c'en est fait[Fr]; it is all over; the game is played out, the bubble

has burst; aussitot dit aussitot fait[Fr]; aut non tentaris aut perfice

[Lat][Ovid].

#730. Noncompletion.—N. noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming

#

&c. 304; incompleteness &c. 53; drawn battle, drawn game; work of

Penelope.

nonperformance, inexecution[obs3]; neglect &c. 460.

V. not complete &c. 729; leave unfinished &c. adj., leave undone,

drop, put down; neglect &c. 460; let alone, let slip; lose sight of

(forget) 506.

fall short of &c. 304; do things by halves, parboil, scotch the

snake

not lull it; hang fire; be slow to; collapse &c. 304.

drop out.

Adj. not completed &c. v.; incomplete &c. 53; uncompleted,

unfinished,

unaccomplished, unperformed, unexecuted; sketchy, addle.

in progress, in hand; ongoing, going on, proceeding; on one's

hands;

on the anvil; in the fire, in the oven.

parboiled, half-baked.

Adv. re infecta[Lat].

#731. Success.—N. success, successfulness; speed; advance &c.

(progress) 282. trump card; hit, stroke, score; lucky hit, fortunate

hit, good hit, good stroke; direct hit, bull's eye; goal, point,

touchdown; home run, homer, hole-in-one, grand slam; killing[make

money], windfall bold stroke, master stroke; ten strike [U.S.]; coup de

maitre[Fr], checkmate; half the battle, prize; profit &c. (acquisition)

775. continued success; good fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; time well

spent. advantage over; upper hand, whip hand; ascendancy, mastery;

expugnation|, conquest, victory, subdual[obs3]; subjugation &c.

(subjection) 749. triumph &c. (exultation) 884; proficiency &c. (skill)

698. conqueror, victor, winner; master of the situation, master of the

position, top of the heap, king of the hill; achiever, success, success

story. V. succeed; be successful &c. adj.; gain one's end, gain one's

ends; crown with success. gain a point, attain a point, carry a point,

secure a point, win a point, win an object; get there *[U.S.]; manage

to, contrive to; accomplish &c. (effect, complete) 729; do wonders,

work wonders; make a go of it. come off well, come off successful, come

off with flying colors; make short work of; take by storm, carry by

storm; bear away the bell; win one's wings, win one's spurs, win the

battle; win the day, carry the day, gain the day, gain the prize, gain

the palm; have the best of it, have it all one's own way, have the game

in one's owns hands, have the ball at one's feet, have one on the hop;

walk over the course; carry all before one, remain in possession of the

field; score a success. speed; make progress &c. (advance) 282; win

one's way, make one's way, work one's way, find one's way; strive to

some purpose; prosper &c. 734; drive a roaring trade; make profit &c.

(acquire) 775; reap the fruits, gather the fruits, reap the benefit of,

reap the harvest; strike oil * [U.S.], gain a windfall; make one's

fortune, get in the harvest, turn to good account; turn to account &c.

(use) 677. triumph, be triumphant; gain a victory, obtain a victory,

gain an advantage; chain victory to one's car; nail a coonskin to the

wall. surmount a difficulty, overcome a difficulty, get over a

difficulty, get over an obstacle &c. 706; se tirer d'affaire[Fr]; make

head against; stem the torrent, stem the tide, stem the current;

weather the storm, weather a point; turn a corner, keep one's head

above water, tide over; master; get the better of, have the better of,

gain the better of, gain the best of, gain the upper hand, gain the

ascendancy, gain the whip hand, gain the start of; distance; surpass

&c. (superiority) 33. defeat, conquer, vanquish, discomfit; euchre;

overcome, overthrow, overpower, overmaster, overmatch, overset[obs3],

override, overreach; outwit, outdo, outflank, outmaneuver, outgeneral,

outvote; take the wind out of one's adversary's sails; beat, beat

hollow; rout, lick, drub, floor, worst; put down, put to flight, put to

the rout, put hors de combat[Fr], put out of court. silence, quell,

nonsuit[obs3], checkmate, upset, confound, nonplus, stalemate, trump;

baffle &c. (hinder) 706; circumvent, elude; trip up, trip up the heels

of; drive into a corner, drive to the wall; run hard, put one's nose

out of joint. settle, do for; break the neck of, break the back of;

capsize, sink, shipwreck, drown, swamp; subdue; subjugate &c. (subject)

749; reduce; make the enemy bite the dust; victimize, roll in the dust,

trample under foot, put an extinguisher upon. answer, answer the

purpose; avail, prevail, take effect, do, turn out well, work well,

take, tell, bear fruit; hit it, hit the mark, hit the right nail on the

head; nick it; turn up trumps, make a hit; find one's account in. Adj.

succeeding &c. v.; successful; prosperous &c. 734; triumphant; flushed

with success, crowned with success; victorious, on top; set up; in the

ascendant; unbeaten &c. (see beat &c. v.); well-spent; felicitous,

effective, in full swing. Adv. successfully &c. adj.; well flying

colors, in triumph, swimmingly; a merveille[Fr], beyond all hope; to

some purpose, to good purpose; to one's heart's content. Phr. veni vidi

vici[Lat], the day being one's own, one's star in the ascendant; omne

tulit punctum[Lat]. bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria[obs3][Lat];

cede repugnanti cedendo victor abibis [Lat][Ovid]; chacun est l'artisan

de sa fortune[Fr]; dies faustus[Lat]; l'art de vaincre est celui de

mepriser la mort[Fr]; omnia vincit amor [Lat: love conquers all];

"peace hath her victories no less renowned than war" [Milton]; "the

race by vigor not by vaunts is won" [Pope]; vincit qui patitur[Lat];

vincit qui se vincit[Lat]; "The race is not always to the swift, nor

the battle to the strong, but that's the way to bet" [Mark Twain].

#732. Failure.—N. failure; nonsuccess[obs3], nonfulfillment; dead

failure, successlessness[obs3]; abortion, miscarriage; brutum fulmen

&c. 158[Lat]; labor in vain &c. (inutility) 645; no go;

inefficacy[obs3]; inefficaciousness &c. adj.; vain attempt, ineffectual

attempt, abortive attempt, abortive efforts; flash in the pan, "lame

and impotent conclusion" [Othello]; frustration; slip 'twixt cup and

lip &c. (disappointment) 509. blunder &c. (mistake) 495; fault,

omission, miss, oversight, slip, trip, stumble, claudication|,

footfall; false step, wrong step; faux pas[Fr], titubation[obs3],

bvue[Fr], faute[Fr], lurch; botchery &c. (want of skill) 699[obs3];

scrape, mess, fiasco, breakdown; flunk [U.S.]. mishap &c. (misfortune)

735; split, collapse, smash, blow, explosion. repulse, rebuff, defeat,

rout, overthrow, discomfiture; beating, drubbing; quietus,

nonsuit[obs3], subjugation; checkmate, stalemate, fool's mate. fall,

downfall, ruin, perdition; wreck &c. (destruction) 162; deathblow;

bankruptcy &c. (nonpayment) 808. losing game, affaire flambe. victim;

bankrupt; flunker[obs3], flunky [U.S.]. V. fail; be unsuccessful &c.

adj.; not succeed &c. 731; make vain efforts &c.n.; do in vain, labor

in vain, toil in vain; flunk [U.S.]; lose one's labor, take nothing by

one's motion; bring to naught, make nothing of; wash a blackamoor white

&c. (impossible) 471; roll the stones of Sisyphus &c. (useless) 645; do

by halves &c. (not complete) 730; lose ground &c. (recede) 282; fall

short of &c. 304. miss, miss one's aim, miss the mark, miss one's

footing, miss stays; slip, trip, stumble; make a slip &c., n. blunder

&c. 495, make a mess of, make a botch of; bitch it|, miscarry, abort,

go up like a rocket and come down like the stick, come down in flames,

get shot down, reckon without one's host; get the wrong pig by the

tail, get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunder, mismanage) 699. limp,

halt, hobble, titubate[obs3]; fall, tumble; lose one's balance; fall to

the ground, fall between two stools; flounder, falter, stick in the

mud, run aground, split upon a rock; beat one's head against a stone

wall, run one's head against a stone wall, knock one's head against a

stone wall, dash one's head against a stone wall; break one's back;

break down, sink, drown, founder, have the ground cut from under one;

get into trouble, get into a mess, get into a scrape; come to grief &c.

(adversity) 735; go to the wall, go to the dogs, go to pot; lick the

dust, bite the dust; be defeated &c. 731; have the worst of it, lose

the day, come off second best, lose; fall a prey to; succumb &c.

(submit) 725; not have a leg to stand on. come to nothing, end in

smoke; flat out |; fall to the ground, fall through, fall dead, fall

stillborn, fall flat; slip through one's fingers; hang fire, miss fire;

flash in the pan, collapse; topple down &c. (descent) 305; go to wrack

and ruin &c. (destruction) 162. go amiss, go wrong, go cross, go hard

with, go on a wrong tack; go on ill, come off ill, turn out ill, work

ill; take a wrong term, take an ugly term; take an ugly turn, take a

turn for the worse. be all over with, be all up with; explode; dash

one's hopes &c. (disappoint) 509; defeat the purpose; sow the wind and

reap the whirlwind, jump out of the frying pan into the fire, go from

the frying pan into the fire. Adj. unsuccessful, successless[obs3];

failing, tripping &c.v.; at fault; unfortunate &c. 735. abortive,

addle, stillborn; fruitless, bootless; ineffectual, ineffective,

inconsequential, trifling, nugatory; inefficient &c. (impotent) 158;

insufficient &c. 640; unavailing &c. (useless) 645; of no effect.

aground, grounded, swamped, stranded, cast away, wrecked, foundered,

capsized, shipwrecked, nonsuited[obs3]; foiled; defeated &c. 731;

struck down, borne down, broken down; downtrodden; overborne,

overwhelmed; all up with; ploughed, plowed, plucked. lost, undone,

ruined, broken; bankrupt &c. (not paying) 808; played out; done up,

done for; dead beat, ruined root and branch, flambe[obs3], knocked on

the head; destroyed &c. 162. frustrated, crossed, unhinged,

disconcerted dashed; thrown off one's balance, thrown on one's back,

thrown on one's beam ends|; unhorsed, in a sorry plight; hard hit.

stultified, befooled[obs3], dished, hoist on one's own petard;

victimized, sacrificed. wide of the mark &c. (error) 495; out of one's

reckoning &c. (inexpectation) 508[obs3]; left in the lurch; thrown away

&c. (wasted) 638; unattained; uncompleted &c. 730. Adv. unsuccessfully

&c. adj.; to little or no purpose, in vain, re infecta[Lat]. Phr. the

bubble has burst, "the jig is up", "the game is up" [Cymbeline]; all is

lost; the devil to pay; parturiunt montes &c. (disappointment)

509[Lat]; dies infaustus[Lat]; tout est perdu hors l'honneur[Fr].

#733. Trophy.—N. trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel,

#

laurels; bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown; insignia &c. 550;

feather in one's cap &c. (honor) 873; decoration &c. 877; garland,

triumphal arch, Victoria Cross, Iron Cross.

triumph &c. (celebration) 883; flying colors &c. (show) 882.

monumentum aere perennius [Lat][obs3][Hor.].

Phr. "for valor."

#734. Prosperity.—N. prosperity, welfare, well-being; affluence

&c. (wealth) 803; success &c. 731; thrift, roaring trade; good fortune,

smiles of fortune; blessings, godsend. luck; good luck, run of luck;

sunshine; fair weather, fair wind; palmy days, bright days, halcyon

days; piping times, tide, flood, high tide. Saturnia regna[Lat],

Saturnian age; golden time, golden age; bed of roses, fat city [coll.];

fat of the land, milk and honey, loaves and fishes. made man, lucky

dog, enfant gate[Fr], spoiled child of fortune. upstart, parvenu,

skipjack[obs3], mushroom. V. prosper, thrive, flourish; be prosperous

&c adj.; drive a roaring trade, do a booming business; go on well, go

on smoothly, go on swimmingly; sail before the wind, swim with the

tide; run smooth, run smoothly, run on all fours. rise in the world,

get on in the world; work one's way, make one's way; look up; lift

one's head, raise one's head, make one's fortune, feather one's nest,

make one's pile. flower, blow, blossom, bloom, fructify, bear fruit,

fatten. keep oneself afloat; keep one's head above water, hold one's

head above water; land on one's feet, light on one's feet, light on

one's legs, fall on one's legs, fall on one's feet; drop into a good

thing; bear a charmed life; bask in the sunshine; have a good time of

it, have a fine time of it; have a run of luck; have the good fortune

&c. n. to; take a favorable turn; live on the fat of the land, live off

the fat of the land, live in clover. Adj. prosperous; thriving &c. v.;

in a fair way, buoyant; well off, well to do, well to do in the world;

set up, at one's ease; rich &c. 803; in good case; in full, in high

feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born with a silver spoon in one's

mouth, born under a lucky star; on the sunny side of the hedge.

auspicious, propitious, providential. palmy, halcyon; agreeable &c.

829; couleur de rose[Fr]. Adv. prosperously &c. adj.; swimmingly; as

good luck would have it; beyond all hope. Phr. one's star in the

ascendant, all for the best, one's course runs smooth. chacun est

l'artisan de sa fortune[Fr]; donec eris felix multos numerabis amicos

[Lat][Ovid]; felicitas multos habet amicos[Lat]; felix se nescit amari

[Lat][Lucan]; 'good luck go with thee' [Henry V]; nulli est homini

perpetuum bonum [Lat][Plautus].